Ottawa wants to automatically file taxes for low-income Canadians — and perhaps eventually for everyone


CBC
Sat, April 29, 2023 

Canada's tax system places the onus for filing on citizens, with some paying for-profit tax preparers for help. But that's not the case in other countries. (David Paul Morris/Bloomberg - image credit)

With Monday's deadline for Canadians to file their income taxes for 2022, experts say a new pilot program for the government to automate the process for low-income Canadians is a long overdue step on the road toward doing them automatically for everyone.

In the recent federal budget, the government announced the creation and expansion of a couple of pilot programs aimed at getting millions of low-income Canadians to file their taxes, and giving them access to benefit programs they are entitled to.

The government says as many as 12 per cent of Canadians don't file their taxes every year, most of whom are low-income Canadians. It's estimated that non-filers missed out on more than $1.7 billion worth of government rebates and programs they were entitled to in the 2015 tax year alone.

To fix that, Ottawa is beefing up an existing program called File My Return that allows Canadians to file their tax returns by answering a series of simple questions over the telephone. The goal is to triple the uptake on that program to 2 million people annually.

The government will also pilot a new automatic filing service for even more low-income Canadians, including many who would be entitled to government benefit programs like GST rebates and the Canada Child Benefit were they to file.

Elizabeth Mulholland, CEO of Prosper Canada, which works with low-income Canadians, says it's an idea that's long overdue.

Evan Mitsui/CBC

"We're excited about it. We had asked for them to do it," she told CBC News. Not only will Ottawa's plans help millions of people directly impacted, but she says it's also good news for Prosper Canada and other agencies because it frees up their time and resources to do other things.

The automated system will allow her group to spend more time helping low-income earners with other issues, as "tax planning is often a gateway to other financial health services," Mulholland said.

A better way

It may come as a surprise to many Canadians scrambling to file their taxes this weekend, but the Canadian system whereby the onus is on tax filers to assemble their documentation and submit it to the government for verification is the exception, not the rule.

Several dozen countries including Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Chile, Portugal, New Zealand and Australia already have systems that are largely automated.

Though they're all a bit different, in those places filing taxes basically consists of governments filling out information on behalf of filers with what they know of their income and deductions, and then asking them about any other pertinent information that might reduce their tax burden. In some cases, the process takes minutes.

Antoine Genest-Gregoire, a tax policy researcher and PhD candidate at Carleton University, says other countries with more automated tax systems generally have fewer credits and deductions.

"Most people have very simple returns so if we created some kind of automated system, we're not going to reach 100 per cent of Canadians, but we're first going to reach those that have the lowest incomes, which have the most to gain," he told CBC News.

"And then we're probably going to reach a very large portion of ordinary middle-income Canadians who have fairly simple situations ... but right now need to go through filing the whole return, just because of those small steps of complexity in their return."

Chris Young/The Canadian Press

Filing taxes automatically for low-income Canadians is not the same thing as filing them automatically for everyone. But Genest-Gregoire says the new program targeting the first group is a slam dunk. "The CRA probably already has most of the information it needs to file for those people. And there's probably a lot to gain for them if we did so."

Jennifer Robson, an associate professor of political management at Carleton who authored the paper that came up with the 12 per cent figure noted above, said Canada's tax filing system hasn't evolved much since it was set up decades ago.

"We were actually one of the first countries to start doing a pay-as-you-earn model," she said in an interview. "We switched over to that during the middle of World War Two."

Taking deductions from paycheques instead of collecting them all at once helped the government stabilize revenue through the year, she said, and it was good for taxpayer "because they didn't have a big tax bill that they had to save up for and pay at the end of the year."

Other countries soon copied the model, "but what those other countries did, as they move to pay as you earn, is they also updated their systems so that they could actually do tax returns where ... the vast majority of the work is actually done by the tax agency," Robson said.

As anyone currently riffling through a shoebox full of crinkled receipts can attest, in Canada the onus is on the taxpayer to do the heavy lifting, and pay for help if they need it.

"We've kind of inherited this decades-old system that we've just gotten used to [but] there's a big industry that kind of likes this current system," Robson said. "The CRA is basically the agency that verifies what you've told them ... but the for-profit tax filing firms are the ones that are there to help you maximize the size of your refund."

Moving the burden

Ottawa had launched previous initiatives aimed at automating more of the tax filing process, before backing down with little explanation.

Saul Schwartz, a professor of public policy at Carleton who co-authored the report with Robson, says they filed Access-to-Information requests to identify interactions between the tax preparation industry and the government, but those attempts didn't bear fruit.

"It took several years to find out that almost everything was blacked out," he said. "We tried to find out if there was intensive lobbying by that industry, with the federal government, but we don't have any direct evidence that there was."

Schwartz says any moves to automate the tax filing process should be welcomed. "Our research suggests that two thirds of social assistance recipients have returns that CRA could complete today," he said. "Why not just do that?"

That would be a great development for the people Mulholland at Prosper Canada works with every day. But she's not holding her breath for a largely automated tax filing process for everyone, any time soon.

"This pilot is a really good move and I'm hoping that it's something that they'll execute successfully so that we can try to expand over time to more people," she said.

"I think everybody would appreciate a break from the work of doing their taxes."

Fisherman’s photo of weird catch oddly looks like a painting

David Strege
Thu, April 27, 2023


The image of a weird-looking fish caught by a commercial fisherman in Russia had some people thinking it wasn’t real.

“Is this a drawing?” one commenter on Instagram stated. “The hand looks real, but the fish/organism does not.”

“Looks like a painting,” another commenter stated.

“Me thought exactly the same!” one replied.


The photo was taken by Roman Fedortsov, whose trawler boat is based out of the port city of Murmansk in the northwest part of Russia.

A few years ago, he began photographing the bizarre catches made by his trawler and started posted them online. He now has an Instagram following of 652,000.

Fedortsov’s latest odd catch is what he called a big-eyed Macrurus, though perhaps it is a Macrourus berglax, as listed in the World Register of Marine Species.

Also on FTW Outdoors: 112-pound halibut caught through the ice in a unique fishery

Among the other reactions to the image on Instagram:

“Looks like a creature from a Tim Burton Movie.”

“You mean it’s a real fish? I thought it was computer fantasy.”

“I thought it was a drawing.”

It should be noted that the deep-sea creature doesn’t actually have eyes as big as depicted in the photo. While it has large eyes, they bulge out when brought up from the depths because of the change in pressure.

But commenters are right, it does look like a painting.

Photo courtesy of Roman Fedortsov.

Story originally appeared on For The Win

Celebs like Aubrey Plaza and Emma Roberts are getting slammed for Big Milk ad campaigns: 'I thought we left the cow milk propaganda in the 90s'

Jordan Hart
Sat, April 29, 2023 

In the spoof commercial, Aubrey Plaza can be seen hugging trees and promoting fictional wood-flavored "slime" called Wood Milk.

Courtesy Of The MilkPEP

Actor Aubrey Plaza took heat after starring in a campaign that mocked plant-based milk with the fake brand "Wood Milk."

Social media users have been quick to call out Plaza, as well as others like Emma Roberts, for recent collaborations with Big Milk.

Last year, Gen Z purchased 20% less cow's milk than the national average, market research shows.

Big Milk is once again enlisting the help of celebrities to sell its products, but unlike the iconic "Got Milk?" ads of the 1990s and early 2000s, these new campaigns are sparking outrage in the era of plant-based milks.

Social media users are slamming celebrities like Aubrey Plaza and Emma Roberts for participating in what some are calling "cow milk propaganda" after starring in recent campaigns led by the Milk Processor Education Program (MilkPEP), the organization that created the "Got Milk?" ads and turned milk mustaches into a cultural phenomenon.

Their frustration comes as MilkPEP tries to curry favor with younger consumers who are increasingly turning to milk alternatives: In 2022 alone, Gen Z bought 20% less cow's milk than the rest of the US.

Plaza was the latest to take heat, after ads surfaced last week of the "White Lotus" star mocking plant-based milk in a promotion for a fake product called "Wood Milk." The rollout features social media accounts dedicated to the spoof company, a website, and even actual Wood Milk T-shirts.

"Is Wood Milk real? Absolutely not," Plaza said in the satirical commercial. "Only real milk is real."

The following disclaimer is featured at the bottom of Wood Milk's site: "Our eco-friendly shirts are legit and we will be planting real trees in the ground, but please be advised that Wood Milk is 100% fake and completely made up. Only dairy milk is real milk. Paid for by America's Milk Companies."

Just one week after the viral video was uploaded to Instagram the comments have been disabled off after it was flooded with outraged users commenting on Plaza promoting the consumption of animal milk over plant-based alternatives.

Even People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals chimed in to echo the disdain in her Instagram comments. According to screenshots of the comment section before it was closed shared by PETA, users called the ad "pathetic" and "disgusting."

"I'm not mad just disappointed," one comment read, per PETA.

"Oh my god. I thought we left the cow milk propaganda in the 90s lol," another wrote.

"American Horror Story" actor Emma Roberts was also recently enlisted for a paid promotional Instagram post of milk in March, part of MilkPEP's "Gonna Need Milk" campaign. Like Plaza, she was also criticized on social media for the ad.

"Fun fact!! I've been a lifelong milk drinker because of its essential nutrients that many milk alternatives don't have, and not to mention it tastes delicious (especially) in my latte," the caption read.

The comments of her ad are also disabled, thought that didn't stop Twitter users from both calling out the actress for her participation in the campaign, as well as voicing support.

"emma roberts sponsored by the dairy industry to promote cow milk," wrote one Twitter user. "girl….. in 2023?"

"Are people seriously canceling Emma Roberts....for a milk ad??" wrote another. "Out of all things? You all people need to get off the internet and get a life cuz this is embarassing."

Representatives for Roberts, Plaza, and the MilkPEP did not immediately respond to Insider's request to comment.

Big Milk has been struggling to find its footing since the heyday of the "Got Milk?" campaign. Yin Woon Rani, chief executive of the MilkPEP, told the New York Times earlier this month the organization is trying to "reclaim milk's mojo."

"We sometimes refer to milk as the O.G. sports drink, powering athletes for 10,000 years," said Rani.

Astronomers just found 25 more mysterious repeating radio signals from space

Scott Sutherland
Sat, April 29, 2023 

CHIME radio telescope Canada

Repeating fast radio bursts remain a mystery for astronomers, but these new discoveries could lead to key answers about them, and provide insights about other mysteries of the cosmos as well.

Fast radio bursts, or FRBs, are brief, powerful pulses of radio waves detected from space. Some can last up to three seconds long, while others appear and disappear in a fraction of a millisecond. However, their origin is a mystery. Given the amount of energy they carry, researchers speculate that they are produced by some of the highest energy events in the universe — supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, or collisions between neutron stars, pulsars, or black holes. The only thing that is known for sure is that most FRBs originate from outside our galaxy.

Fast Radio Bust - Artist's Impression - eso1915a

This artist's impression shows a fast radio burst travelling between its source in a distant galaxy (top left) towards Earth in the Milky Way (bottom right), passing through the halo of a massive galaxy along the way. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

It's been over 15 years since the first FRB was detected from space. In that time, hundreds more have been found, but still, astronomers are no closer to figuring out exactly what causes them.

Even more puzzling are the few FRBs found that periodically repeat. Until now, of the hundreds of FRBs detected, only 25 belonged to a particular class known as repeating FRBs.

Finding what was missed

In new research, a Canadian-led team of astronomers turned up another 25 repeating FRBs, doubling the number already discovered.

The researchers found them by performing the very first delve through all of the data gathered between September 2019 and May 2021 by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. CHIME is a unique, highly-sensitive radio telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory near Penticton, British Columbia, located on the traditional, ancestral, and unceded territory of the Syilx/Okanagan people.

The four 'cylinders' of the CHIME radio telescope sit fixed in place, staring up at the sky from the floor of southern B.C.'s Okanagan Valley. Credit: CHIME Collaboration

"Many apparently one-off FRBs have simply not yet been observed long enough for a second burst from the source to be detected," said Dr. Ziggy Pleunis, a postdoc researcher at the University of Toronto's Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics who is one of the nearly 60 scientists involved in this new study.

"We need a longer observation time because some repeaters could repeat every 10 years. We just don't know. They don't play by our time scales," added co-author Adam Dong, a Ph.D. student in the University of British Columbia's department of physics and astronomy.

Of the 25 newly discovered repeating FRBs, most were spotted two or three times during CHIMEs observations. During that same time, one of them — FRB 20201124A, first spotted in 2020 and found to originate from a nearby galaxy — was seen to repeat a total of 12 times!

Repeating-Fast-Radio-Bursts-Locations-Northern-Sky-CHIME-FRB

This map of the sky, taken from the new research study, shows the locations of all repeating fast radio bursts detected so far. Credit: CHIME/FRB Collaboration/The Astrophysical Journal

Picking out these signals required the team to develop new statistical tools to sift through CHIME's data.

"We can now accurately calculate the probability that two or more bursts coming from similar locations are not just a coincidence," Pleunis explained. "These new tools were essential for this study, and will also be very useful for similar research going forward."

One of the challenges of studying FRBs is that there's no predicting when one will appear. In most cases, astronomers can only point their radio telescopes at the sky and hope that they pick up one or more of these signals during their observation time. Some researchers have predicted that thousands could be going off every day over the entire sky. However, we only detect a small number due to the limited amount of the sky current radio telescopes can scan at any time.

Finding repeating FRBs is even more tricky. This is because radio telescopes must be pointed at the same portion of the sky during each repeated signal. So, without knowing the timing of the repeats, it becomes even more dependent on luck.

CHIME sweeps for FRBs

In operation since 2017, CHIME observes the entire sky above it all at once, ready to intercept any signals from space that appear in its field of view. Also, while optical telescopes typically need to wait until dark to observe, radio astronomy can be conducted day or night. Thus, as Earth rotates, CHIME can sweep through the entire northern half of the celestial sphere each day.

In its first year alone, CHIME picked up over 500 FRBs. According to the CHIME Collaboration, by mid-2020, the telescope had detected well over 1,000.

Watch below: A time-lapse of one full day of CHIME observations

CHIME is an excellent tool for detecting FRBs, but it does have its limitations. Since it is tied to the rotation of Earth, the telescope's field of view sweeps around space, a bit like the cone of light from a lighthouse. Thus, while it can cover the entire northern celestial sphere in a day, how many FRBs it detects and how many repeating FRBs it finds depends on exactly what part of space it is observing at any one time. If the timing of an FRB — repeating or not — is off by even the smallest amount, such that the source is below the horizon from CHIME when the signal arrives here, the telescope will still miss it.

However, if there were more telescopes like CHIME, astronomers could cover much more space at once, thus catching far more FRBs and discovering more repeating ones.

READ MORE: Canadian telescope spots bizarre 16-day pattern in signals from deep space
Why is this important?

The researchers believe their new techniques will help find even more repeating FRBs. Other telescopes can then observe those discoveries at just the right time to pick up the repeat signals.

"FRBs that repeat are great targets for other telescopes, including those that can measure their positions very accurately, and let us know which galaxies they come from," said co-author Dr. Ingrid Stairs, a professor in the University of British Columbia's department of physics and astronomy, according to UBC News. "In the long run, we hope to learn a lot about their origins."

"FRBs are likely produced by the leftovers from explosive stellar deaths." Pleunis said, referring to neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes, or phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts. "By studying repeating FRB sources in detail, we can study the environments that these explosions occur in and understand better the end stages of a star's life. We can also learn more about the material that's being expelled before and during the star's demise, which is then returned to the galaxies that the FRBs live in."

Also, detecting more repeating FRBs can help astronomers discover the answers to other questions about the universe.

"One exciting avenue of research is utilizing them to measure the amount of matter between galaxies, or the intergalactic medium," Adam Dong explained in the UBC press release.

Additionally, besides the 25 confirmed repeating FRBs found in this study, the researchers identified another 14 possible candidates. While there were significant enough differences between repeated bursts for these candidates — in position, dispersion, timing, etc. — if they can be confirmed as actual repeaters, it could reveal even more about these mysterious phenomena.

Watch below: Distant baby star solves mystery origin of Earth's water
Click here to view the video

Bi-state sage grouse considered for threatened status, again

April 28, 2023

 In this March 1, 2010 file photo, from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a bi-state sage grouse, rear, struts for a female at a lek, or mating ground, near Bridgeport, Calif. For the third time since it first proposed listing the bi-state sage grouse as a threatened species in 2013, U.S. wildlife officials are considering again whether the bird found only along the California-Nevada line deserves protection under the Endangered Species Act. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced on Thursday, April 27, 2023, it is reopening a review of the status of the hen-sized bird that's a cousin of the greater sage grouse found across 12 western states from California to South Dakota.

 (Jeannie Stafford/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via AP, File)

RENO, Nev. (AP) — For the third time in a decade, federal wildlife officials are contemplating whether the bi-state sage grouse deserves protection under the Endangered Species Act.

Conservationists blame “political gamesmanship” for leaving the bird in regulatory limbo since 2013. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said Thursday it’s doing a fresh review after a federal judge ruled last May that the Trump administration acted illegally when it withdrew the most recent proposal to list the species as threatened.

The hen-sized flightless bird can be found in just two states — Nevada and California — in the high desert along the Sierra Nevada’s eastern front. A formal listing could bring restrictions on development, as well as prevent livestock and off-road vehicles from entering the bird’s habitat.

“Maybe the third time will be the charm for getting this population segment the protection it so clearly deserves,” said Laura Cunningham, California director of the Western Watersheds Project.

“None of the science shows that the bi-state birds have benefited from the service’s dithering,” she said.

The population is down to some 3,300 birds, about half what it was 150 years ago, and conservationists say they likely suffered additional losses as a result of one of the snowiest Sierra winters in modern history.

The bi-state grouse is a cousin of the greater sage grouse found across 12 western states from Oregon to South Dakota. Threats to its survival include urbanization, livestock grazing, wildfires, climate change and ravens who eat their eggs.

The Fish and Wildlife Service is accepting public comment through June 23 and intends to make a new listing determination by May 2024.

The new review is a step in the right direction, said Ileene Anderson, a senior scientist at the Center for Biological Diversity.

The center, Western Watersheds Project and WildEarth Guardians had filed the lawsuit accusing the government of violating the Endangered Species Act by failing to respond to the bird’s dire condition.

“The political gamesmanship surrounding the bi-state sage grouse’s listing status is, sadly, not unique to this imperiled species,” said Lindsay Larris, wildlife program director at WildEarth Guardians.

The service rejected listing petitions in 2001 and 2005 before proposing the bird be declared threatened in 2013. But it withdrew that proposal two years later.

In 2018, a federal judge found the agency had illegally denied the bird protection and ordered a reevaluation of its status.

The agency again proposed protection, but withdrew that proposal in 2020 based on its conclusion that the bird’s population had improved.

A different federal judge ruled last May that the agency had based that decision on flawed assumptions. She reinstated the original 2013 listing proposal and ordered the service to issue a new decision.

The Fish and Wildlife Service said in its formal notice published Thursday it will be initiating an entirely new species status assessment.

China’s Mars rover finds signs of recent water in sand dunes

April 28, 2023

This Aug. 26, 2003, image made available by NASA shows Mars as it lines up with the Sun and the Earth. A new study suggests water on Mars may be more widespread and recent than previously thought. Scientists reported the finding from China's Mars rover in Science Advances on Friday, April 28, 2023. (NASA/J. Bell - Cornell U./M. Wolff - SSI via AP, File)

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — Water may be more widespread and recent on Mars than previously thought, based on observations of Martian sand dunes by China’s rover.

The finding highlights new, potentially fertile areas in the warmer regions of Mars where conditions might be suitable for life to exist, though more study is needed.

Friday’s news comes days after mission leaders acknowledged that the Zhurong rover has yet to wake up since going into hibernation for the Martian winter nearly a year ago.

Its solar panels are likely covered with dust, choking off its power source and possibly preventing the rover from operating again, said Zhang Rongqiao, the mission’s chief designer.

Before Zhurong fell silent, it observed salt-rich dunes with cracks and crusts, which researchers said likely were mixed with melting morning frost or snow as recently as a few hundred thousand years ago.

Their estimated date range for when the cracks and other dune features formed in Mars’ Utopia Planitia, a vast plain in the northern hemisphere: sometime after 1.4 million to 400,000 years ago or even younger.

Conditions during that period were similar to now on Mars, with rivers and lakes dried up and no longer flowing as they did billions of years earlier.

Studying the structure and chemical makeup of these dunes can provide insights into “the possibility of water activity” during this period, the Beijing-based team wrote in a study published in Science Advances.

“We think it could be a small amount ... no more than a film of water on the surface,” co-author Xiaoguang Qin of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics said in an email.

The rover did not directly detect any water in the form of frost or ice. But Qin said computer simulations and observations by other spacecraft at Mars indicate that even nowadays at certain times of year, conditions could be suitable for water to appear.

What’s notable about the study is how young the dunes are, said planetary scientist Frederic Schmidt at the University of Paris-Saclay, who was not part of the study.

“This is clearly a new piece of science for this region,” he said in an email.

Small pockets of water from thawing frost or snow, mixed with salt, likely resulted in the small cracks, hard crusty surfaces, loose particles and other dune features like depressions and ridges, the Chinese scientists said. They ruled out wind as a cause, as well as frost made of carbon dioxide, which makes up the bulk of Mars’ atmosphere.

Martian frost has been observed since NASA’s 1970s Viking missions, but these light dustings of morning frost were thought to occur in certain locations under specific conditions.

The rover has now provided “evidence that there may be a wider distribution of this process on Mars than previously identified,” said Trinity College Dublin’s Mary Bourke, an expert in Mars geology.

However small this watery niche, it could be important for identifying habitable environments, she added.

Launched in 2020, the six-wheeled Zhurong — named after a fire god in Chinese mythology — arrived at Mars in 2021 and spent a year roaming around before going into hibernation last May. The rover operated longer than intended, traveling more than a mile (1,921 meters).

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AP video producer Olivia Zhang in Beijing contributed to this report.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

Brazil's Lula, seeking to curb deforestation, recognizes new indigenous territories


Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Brazil's president, officially recognized six indigenous territories on Friday as he seeks to slow down deforestation in the Amazon. File Photo by Andrew Harrer/UPI | License Photo

April 29 (UPI) -- Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has officially recognized six indigenous territories in the first such demarcation since 2018, stepping up his efforts to stop deforestation of the Amazon.

The recognition, announced by the president on Friday, occurred in six Brazilian states -- Arara do Rio Amonia, Kariri-Xoco, Rio dos Indios, Tremembe da Barra do Mundau, Uneiuxi and Avá-Canoeiro.

"Today we demarcated six indigenous territories, an important step," Lula said on social networks, according to Telesur. "Do not stop organizing and demanding. The government exists to serve the interests of the people."

The Brazilian leader said the struggle for the demarcation of indigenous peoples "is a struggle for respect, rights and protection of our nature and our country. Let's go ahead."

Lula has pledged to demarcate more indigenous territory as a means of returning land to Indigenous peoples as well as cutting down on deforestation.

The leftist president pledged at the UN climate change conference COP27 last year to protect the Amazon rainforest and strengthen inspection bodies and monitoring systems and clamp down on "environmental crimes.

He has said demarcating lands to indigenous peoples is necessary for the country to reach its 2030 "zero deforestation" goals in the Amazon.

Brazil recognizes 6 Indigenous areas in boost for Amazon

By CARLA BRIDI and FABIANO MAISONNAVE

April 28, 2023

1 of 8
Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, center, stands between Indigenous Peoples Minister Sonia Guajajara, left, and National Indigenous Foundation President Joenia Wapichana at the closing of the annual Terra Livre, or Free Land Indigenous Encampment in Brasilia, Brazil, Friday, April 28, 2023. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

BRASÍLIA, Brazil (AP) — Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on Friday granted official recognition of nearly 800 square miles of Indigenous lands, most of it in the Amazon, in a move that seeks to safeguard critical rainforest from the unchecked exploitation that marked his predecessor’s administration.

Lula’s action was partial delivery on his promises to the Indigenous supporters and environmentally minded voters who lifted him to a narrow victory last year over far-right President Jair Bolsonaro, who had encouraged widespread development of the Amazon -- both legal and illegal -- and pledged not to grant “one more inch” of land to Indigenous peoples.

The land remains under the federal government’s jurisdiction, but the designation grants Indigenous peoples the right to use it in their traditional manner. Mining activities are prohibited, and commercial farming and logging require specific authorizations. And non-Indigenous people are forbidden from engaging in any economic activity on Indigenous lands.

Kleber Karipuna, executive coordinator at Indigenous people’s organization Apib, called it a welcome shift after four years of threats and invasions targeting Indigenous territories under Bolsonaro.

READ MORE

:– Climate Migration: Açai growers flee salty Amazon water

– Lula meets with Indigenous in Brazil's Amazon, pledges lands

– Brazil pushes illegal miners out of Yanomami territory

“For us, it is a very significant process of restarting,” he said. “Of course, there are still other lands that can be advanced.”

The Amazon rainforest, covering an area twice the size of India, holds tremendous amounts of carbon and is a crucial buffer against climate change. Studies have shown that Indigenous-controlled forests are the best-preserved in the Brazilian Amazon.

Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva receives a traditional Indigenous headdress from Cacique Caiapo, Raoni Metuktire, during the closing of the annual Terra Livre, or Free Land Indigenous Encampment in Brasilia, Brazil, Friday, April 28, 2023. 

(AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

But deforestation surged to a 15-year high during the Bolsonaro years, with destruction largely caused by illegal miners and land-robbers. Destruction in the eastern Amazon has been so extensive that it has become a carbon source, rather than a carbon sink.

The designations granted Friday don’t assure protection for the rainforest, with Bolsonaro allies still in charge of a majority of Amazon states. But Lula has shown a willingness to back up his rhetoric with action. In February, armed government officials began ejecting illegal gold miners from Yanomami Indigenous territory in the northwest corner of Brazil’s Amazon.

The six newly recognized territories amount to an area larger than Los Angeles and New York City combined. Lula announced it to a chanting crowd at the Free Land Camp, an annual weeklong encampment of Indigenous people in the capital of Brasilia that includes hundreds of tents on the main esplanade with Indigenous people of various ethnicities gathering to dance, sing, sell handicrafts and hold political demonstrations.

“We are going to legalize Indigenous lands. It is a process that takes a little while, because it has to go through many hands,” Lula said. “I don’t want any Indigenous territory to be left without demarcation during my government. That is the commitment I made to you.”

For some Indigenous people, Friday’s announcement was disappointingly small. The country has 733 territories with cases for demarcation pending before the federal government; the newly recognized territories accounted for just 6% of that number, according to Socio-Environmental Institute, a nonprofit.

In January, Lula’s government had pledged to create 14 new territories in the short term.

An Indigenous woman attends the closing of the annual Terra Livre, or Free Land Indigenous Encampment in Brasilia, Brazil, Friday, April 28, 2023. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

Among lands that missed out was the Barra Velha territory of the Pataxó people in southern Bahia state. Renato Atxuab, a Pataxó leader, said “this government that we supported, that we helped build” must demarcate their land as soon as possible to prevent invasions by outsiders.

Already there are conflicts involving agribusiness and land-grabbers, he said, and drug traffickers have been moving in, too.

Atxuab said he has met with the Indigenous Peoples minister — a newly created position under Lula’s government — but has not been given any date for his land’s demarcation.

The largest new area is located in the Amazonas state. The Nadöb people’s Uneiuxi Indigenous Territory has been expanded by 37% to 554,000 hectares (2,100 square miles) of primary rainforest. It is in a remote area — from the main village, it takes four days to travel to the closest city in a low-powered motor boat, the most common mode of transportation in the region.

“The demarcation will make the Nadöb people feel safe and protected within our territory. That is where we live, fish, hunt, and gather fruits. We want to continue there, like our ancestors,” chief Eduardo Castelo, 45, told The Associated Press in a phone interview. “We don’t want the impact of the whites on our territory.”

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Associated Press climate and environmental coverage receives support from several private foundations. See more about AP’s climate initiative here. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

REST IN POWER RIP

Outspoken abortion provider LeRoy ‘Lee’ Carhart dies at 81

By LISA BAUMANN

yesterday

In a Tuesday, June 2, 2009 photo, Dr. LeRoy Carhart wears a black arm band during a news conference in his office in Bellevue, Neb. The outspoken abortion provider Carhart has died. Clinics for Abortions & Reproductive Excellence in Nebraska says Carhart, who was the medical director, died Friday, April 28, 2023. He was 81.

 (AP Photo/Nati Harnik, File)

LeRoy “Lee” Carhart, who emerged from a two-decade career as an Air Force surgeon to become one of the best-known late-term abortion providers in the United States, has died. He was 81.

Carhart died Friday, according to Clinics for Abortions & Reproductive Excellence in Bellevue, Nebraska, where he was the medical director. His cause of death was not released by the clinic.

Carhart began focusing on abortions after retiring from the Air Force in 1985. He was one of only a handful of late-term abortion providers in the U.S. and was among the most vocal.

“Lee had a very simple belief that patients know what is best for their life plan and was there to support them,” the clinic’s statement said. “His lifelong commitment to serving patients seeking abortion services will be continued by his staff and doctors at both Maryland and Nebraska CARE locations.”

He founded his first clinic specializing in abortion in 1992 with a mission to provide abortion care in a compassionate, comfortable and personal environment, according to the statement. Carhart had specialized in vasectomies previously and said he wanted to offer women reproductive freedom. He defended the procedure as a way for women to control their fertility.

Carhart drew attention for twice taking his fight for abortion rights to the U.S. Supreme Court, after the May 2009 killing of friend and colleague Dr. George Tiller and when he expanded his practice outside of Nebraska after a 2010 state law limited it there.

“We have to keep talking about abortion until it doesn’t remain a four-letter word,” Carhart said in a 2006 interview with The Associated Press.

Opponents considered him a poster boy for a procedure they call partial-birth abortion to describe what is medically called intact dilation and extraction.

His Nebraska clinic, his house and those of his employees were picketed by abortion opponents, as was the equestrian center he owned and his daughter, Janine, ran. In 1991, his rural home was burned in a fire he believed was started by an abortion foe. The family dog and cat were killed, as were 17 horses trapped in a barn.

“It’s worth it to me,” he told The Associated Press in 2006. “You have to fight for what you believe in.”

Carhart was born in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1941 and earned his medical degree from Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia, now Drexel University College of Medicine, in 1973. He received his medical training while he was in the Air Force and retired as a lieutenant colonel. He and his wife, Mary, ran the Nebraska clinic.

Carhart once said he was able to champion abortion rights because he didn’t have to rely on his medical practice to pay his bills; the military pension he received provided him enough income to support his family.

Carhart assisted at Tiller’s Wichita, Kansas, clinic from 1998 until 2009 and was considered likely to take it over after Tiller was gunned down at his church by an abortion foe. Carhart later said he didn’t because Tiller’s family was resistant.

Carhart opened clinics in other states after Nebraska targeted him with a 2010 groundbreaking law banning abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy based on the disputed notion that fetuses can feel pain at that time. Previous restrictions in Nebraska and elsewhere were based on a fetus’ ability to survive outside the womb, or viability.

He also took his fight on so-called partial-birth abortion bans all the way to the nation’s highest court.

The Supreme Court ruled for Carhart in 2000 in striking down a Nebraska law because it lacked an exception to preserve a woman’s health and encompassed a more common abortion method. He lost a later legal challenge to the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.

In 2007, the high court upheld the federal ban on the procedure, which generally was used to end pregnancies in the second and third trimesters. Carhart said then that the ruling “opened the door to an all-out assault” on the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling legalizing abortion.

The U.S. Supreme Court overturned that landmark ruling last year, stripping away constitutional protections for abortion.

His Nebraska clinic posted on Facebook after the ruling that they were “devastated, heartbroken and angry” but remained committed to providing abortion care as long as it remained legal to do so.

A vote to ban abortion in Nebraska at about the sixth week of pregnancy failed Friday, keeping the procedure legal there through 20 weeks of pregnancy.

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Former Associated Press writer Timberly Ross contributed to this report.

Largest powwow draws Indigenous dancers to New Mexico

By SUSAN MONTOYA BRYAN

yesterday

1 of 20 PHOTO ESSAY

Fourteen year-old Mylan Archuleta of Ohkay Owingeh village in northern New Mexico prepares to ride his horse in the horse parade at the 40th anniversary of the Gathering of Nations Pow Wow in Albuquerque, N.M., Friday, April 28, 2023. Tens of thousands of people gathered in New Mexico on Friday for what organizers bill as the largest powwow in North America. 

(AP Photo/Roberto E. Rosales)

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) — Tens of thousands of people gathered in New Mexico on Friday for what organizers bill as the largest powwow in North America.

The annual Gathering of Nations kicked off with a colorful procession of Native American and Indigenous dancers from around the world moving to the beat of traditional drums as they filled an arena at the New Mexico state fairgrounds.

“We’re ready to rock the house here,” the announcer proclaimed, after introducing drum groups, including from Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota.

During the event, dancers slowly spiral their way, one by one, toward the center of the venue, making for a spectacular display. This marks the 40th year for the gathering, which has grown from humble beginnings in 1983 into a massive celebration with Indigenous people showcasing their cultures through dancing and singing competitions.

Dale Metallic has been dancing for about 30 years, since he was a teenager, but this marked the first year he was able to persuade his father, Sibugug, to join him in competition. They made the trip from the Mi’gmaq Nation in eastern Canada.

“It’s a celebration,” the younger Metallic said.

“It’s in our blood,” his father added. “It’s about language, culture, family.”

And style.

Competitors wear feathered bustles, buckskin dresses, fancy shawls, and beaded head and hair pieces. Many of the dancers’ elaborate outfits are detailed with hand-stitched designs.

Twelve-year-old Violet Sutherland showed off elaborate beadwork and a fancy shawl as she spun around beneath the welcoming sign while her mother took photos. They traveled from Ontario, Canada, so Violet could fulfill a wish made the previous year.

“I always wanted to go and see everyone dance,” said Violet, nodding at the colorful Aztec dancers performing nearby.

Violet, who is Ojibwe and Cree and the youngest of three siblings, practices every day, keeping alive a tradition like her parents and grandparents before her.

As spectators and competitors took breaks to get roasted corn, fry bread and lattes, the echoing thunder of drum beats could be heard outside the arena.

In addition to the dancing and singing competitions, more than two dozen contestants from the U.S. and Canada also are vying for the title of Miss Indian World. The winner will be crowned on the final night of the powwow and will spend the next year serving as a cultural ambassador as she travels to events and other powwows.

Several hundred Native American tribes in the United States and First Nations in Canada are represented at the gathering, which has become Albuquerque’s second-largest annual festival and brings in more than $20 million for the local economy each year.

Organizers held virtual gatherings in 2020 and 2021 because of COVID-19 restrictions. This is the second in-person gathering since public health regulations were relaxed.

Should school use ‘Warrior’ nickname? Tribe to have last say


Students walk past a logo that is tiled into the wall at Salamanca High School in Salamanca, N.Y., on April 18, 2023. The school district, located on Seneca Nation of Indians territory, may have to replace its logo after New York passed a ban on the use of Indigenous names, mascots and logos by public schools. 

(AP Photo/Carolyn Thompson)

SALAMANCA, N.Y. (AP) — The profile of a Native American man, a braid trailing down and feather jutting up, is tiled into a high school hallway, dyed into the weight room carpet and laid into the turf of the football field at Salamanca city schools.

School leaders say the omnipresent logo and “Warrior” name for the school athletic teams are sources of pride here, in the only U.S. city built on land leased from a Native American reservation.

But as New York joins states moving to ban schools’ use of Indigenous nicknames and mascots because they diminish Native cultures, the tribe may have the last say over whether the logo stays. When the state Board of Regents this month voted to prohibit public schools’ use of Indigenous names, it included an exception for districts that receive written approval from a federally recognized tribal nation in New York.

It has put the tribe in an awkward spot.

While the Seneca Indian Nation’s leader has endorsed the ban, some citizens of the nation want to keep the logo, which was designed by a Seneca artist in the 1970s. About 38% of students in the public school system south of Buffalo, near the Pennsylvania line, are Native American, mostly citizens of the Seneca tribe.

“The logo really represents us as a community,” said Marijah Skye, a 17-year-old student and Seneca citizen.

Superintendent Mark Beehler said he thinks it’s unfair of the Regents to put any tribal nation in the middle, where its decision could upset students and the community.

“I’m really not comfortable going to the Seneca Nation and having them potentially be the bad guy here,” Beehler said in an interview.

On Tuesday, the school board authorized seeking approval from the Seneca Nation to keep the logo and Warrior nickname. The Seneca Nation did not immediately issue a decision.

New York is one of at least 20 states that have taken or are considering action to address Native-themed mascots used by public schools, according to the National Congress of American Indians, which tracks the issue.

In 2001, former New York Education Commissioner Richard Mills said using Native American symbols or depictions as mascots can become “a barrier to building a safe and nurturing school community and improving academic achievement for all students.” Today, there are more than 100 schools representing over 50 New York districts that still have such mascots.

Nationwide, 966 districts have Native “themed” mascots, according to NCAI’s database, with “Braves,” “Chiefs,” “Warriors” and “Indians” the most widely used. A push to do away with such mascots gained momentum with a campaign targeting the name of the NFL’s Washington team, which in 2022 renamed itself as the Commanders.

Seneca President Rickey Armstrong Sr. endorsed New York’s ban when it was proposed in November, while acknowledging the Salamanca school system’s “unique relationship” with the 8,000-member nation.

“We believe the state’s provision for agreements between school districts and Native nations should be rare and limited, rather than an open invitation for districts to go ‘approval shopping’ among Native nations,” Armstrong said.

He said the nation, which operates a resort casino in Salamanca and others in Buffalo and Niagara Falls, said it would “carefully consider” how the standard may apply within the community.

Oregon, Washington state and Connecticut are among those with similar laws, forbidding schools to use Native American nicknames unless they have permission from a tribe. Last year, the school board for Montville, Connecticut, voted to drop its “Indians” nickname after the neighboring Mohegan Tribe, owner of the Mohegan Sun casino, said it would prefer a different name.

In Salamanca, school officials have been preparing for the possibility of change, soliciting community input at forums and surveying students. Beehler said the majority, but not all, of those who weighed in supported the continued use of the logo and Warriors nickname.

Salamanca resident Michala Redeye, a Seneca citizen, said Native and non-Native residents have largely united around keeping the logo. That’s notable in a city that has seen divisions over issues including the property tax-exempt status of Native residents and the city’s required lease payments to the Seneca Nation.

“I feel like a lot of the comments and stuff that has been put out there about the logo reminds people of why they’re in the community, what they love about the community. They’re tied to being a Salamanca Warrior,” said Redeye, who coordinates Native American programming in the schools.

Several students who belong to the Seneca Nation said the image stirs a sense of pride.

“It’s widely known,” 14-year-old Jaxon Crouse said, “especially around territory as a school, and it’s kind of just the community.”

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The Associated Press education team receives support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. The AP is solely responsible for all content.