Global warming: Fish moving to colder waters to survive

Published
4 days ago
comments

IMAGE SOURCE,S

Image caption,

The researchers say this movement of fish populations could have "serious consequences" for ocean ecosystems

Fish around the world are moving to colder waters as a result of global warming, a new study has found.

Researchers at the University of Glasgow found that the majority of fish populations are moving nearer the north and south poles, or to deeper waters than they usually would live in, in order to stay cool.

They're doing this because sea temperatures are rising - this affects whether fish can reproduce, how much they grow, and even how well they can digest their food.

More on this story

Ocean surface temperature at global high

UK freshwater fish at risk of extinction

Climate change: What is it?

Lots of fish have a very small window of sea temperatures they can survive in, so even small rise can make their habitats unliveable.

And while some fish may be able to adapt their bodies to the new temperatures, most find moving home is the only option.

IMAGE SOURCE,

Image caption,

Fish have been moving to colder places like here, near the Antarctic

This has been seen in declining fish populations all over the globe, and in some places, fish species have disappeared altogether.

The scientists say that changes in marine life (things that live in water) have been up to seven times faster than in animals living on land.

The study looked at 115 different species of fish across all seven oceans around the world, and those working on it say it's the first time a study on such a global scale has been done.

IMAGE SOURCE,

Image caption,

Some fish try to adapt to their warmer habitats. but most aren't able to and so have to move

What could this mean for the future?

Carolin Dahms, lead author on the study, said fish populations are moving most where temperatures are rising fastest.

"It's possible that rate of warming in some regions may be too fast for fish to adapt, and so relocating may be their best coping strategy," she said.

"At the same time we see that their ability to do so is also impacted by other factors such as fishing, with commercially exploited species moving more slowly."

Professor Shaun Killen, senior author of the study, said we don't yet know how these moves will affect food chains and ecosystems in these areas.

He explained: "If the prey of these species don't also move, or if these species become an invasive disturbance in their new location, there could be serious consequences down the road."

 

Spyware: Fresh call for ban ahead of major summit in Costa Rica

Notorious Pegasus spyware just one form of highly-intrusive technology which campaigners believe poses serious threat to human rights

Meeting comes after hacking of phones belonging to heads of state, journalists and human rights activists

‘It’s a simple fact that highly-invasive spyware poses a real danger to the privacy and security of everyone’ - Rasha Abdul Rahim

Ahead of today’s opening of RightsCon, a major summit on human rights in the digital age taking place in San José in Costa Rica, Rasha Abdul Rahim, Director of Amnesty Tech, said:  

“The spyware crisis has massive implications for the future of human rights.

“Highly-invasive spyware has become the weapon of choice for governments seeking to silence journalists, attack activists and crush dissent, placing countless lives at risk.

“It’s a simple fact that highly invasive spyware poses a real danger to the privacy and security of everyone.

“Governments around the world must take action to stop unscrupulous spyware companies selling their wares, and to stop phones being turned into weapons.

“There must be an immediate global ban on highly invasive spyware.”

Monitoring cyber-surveillance

Amnesty’s Security Lab monitors and investigates companies and governments who abuse cyber-surveillance technologies and pose a fundamental threat to human rights defenders, journalists and civil society. Its investigations have revealed the relentless spread of NSO Group’s Pegasus spyware, which has been used to target heads of state, activists and journalists in Spain, Poland, the Dominican Republic and across Latin America, the Middle East and Africa.

In a significant first step to address the spyware crisis, in March US President Biden signed an executive order restricting the US government’s use of commercial spyware technology.

However, Amnesty is insisting that the US and governments around the world go further and impose a total ban on highly-invasive spyware. Amnesty defines “highly-invasive spyware” as software with functionality that cannot be limited and the use of which cannot be independently audited, of which Pegasus is just one example. For spyware that can be limited and independently audited, Amnesty also calls for a global temporary ban on its use until a system of human rights safeguards is put in place to prevent abuses.

Amnesty at RightsCon

Each year, RightsCon brings together activists, business figures, policy makers, technologists and journalists from around the world to take action on human rights in the digital age. The 12th annual meeting will be taking place in San José in Costa Rica between 5-8 June 2023. Go here for more information on AmnestyTech sessions at RightsCon. 

Eight terrifying ancient 'zombie viruses' are spreading thanks to climate change

Some of the world's top scientists have banded together to warn about the impact climate change is having in releasing dangerous "zombie viruses" into the modern world

NEWS
By Adam Cailler

Journalist and wrestling lead

DAILY STAR, ZA

 4 JUN 2023

Jean-Michel Claverie (right) has warned of the dangers of the zombie viruses (Image: BBC)

Several top scientists are sounding the alarm bells after it emerged that eight potentially deadly “zombie viruses” are running rampant – without us even knowing about it.

And it is all down to climate change.

According to boffins in Russia, Germany and France, who got together to pen a new study into what happens when permafrost thaws, it was found that several deadly viruses are being released into the open air despite being trapped there since prehistoric times, various outlets report.

Speaking to Live Sciene, Jean-Michel Claverie, a computational biologist at Aix-Marseille University in France said: “We do not have formal proof that viruses other than amoeba-specific viruses could survive as long, but there would be no reason why not, because all viruses basically have the same property of being inert particles while outside their host cells.

Experts are analysing melted permafrost and the findings are worrying (stock) (Image: Nina Sleptsova / NEFU Press Service)
RELATED ARTICLES

Russian village sealed in deadly anthrax outbreak with fears it will spread through meat

Scientists revive ‘zombie’ virus that spent 48,500 years frozen in Siberian permafrost

“We do not wish to take the immense risk of starting a new pandemic with unknown 'zombie' viruses from the distant past just to demonstrate that we are right.

“The risk is bound to increase in the context of global warming, in which permafrost thawing will keep accelerating, and more people will populate the Arctic.”

The eight viruses experts believe are now posing a threat to the world are Pithovirus Sibericum, Mollivirus Sibericum, Pithovirus Mammoth, Pandoravirus Mammoth, Pandoravirus yedoma, Megavirus Mammoth, Pacmanvirus Lupus and Cedratvirus Lena.

Many of the zombie viruses can be traced back around 30,000 years (stock) (Image: UIG via Getty Images)

READ MORE Fresh pandemic fears as scientists chillingly try to awaken ancient viruses

Of those, the Pithovirus Sibericum is one of the biggest viruses ever found, measuring in at 1.5 micrometres long.

It was found in 2014, and is thought to be around 30,000 years old.

Mr Claverie said: “This is the first time we've seen a virus that's still infectious after this length of time.

“The ease with which these new viruses were isolated suggests that infectious particles of viruses specific to many other untested eukaryotic hosts [including humans and animals] probably remain abundant in ancient permafrost.”

Pithovirus sibericum is one of several zombie viruses found in the permafrost 

(Image: Jean-Michel Claverie/IGS/CNRS-AM)

READ MORE Coldest places in the world with -55C temperatures and polar bears by the pub

The virus is thought to be harmless to humans, but its impact on wildlife could be dangerous.

The Mollivirus Sibericum poses a significant risk to humans, as it is thought that it had a huge impact on ancient Siberian humans.

Mr Claverie said: “We cannot rule out that distant viruses of ancient Siberian human (or animal) populations could re-emerge as arctic permafrost layers melt and/or are disrupted by industrial activities.”

Melting permafrost is posing a huge danger to the world (Image: Getty Images)

READ MORE 'Rage zombie outbreak plausible' after 48,000-year-old virus revived in Russia

Pandoravirus Yedoma has previously been found to kill amoeba cells, and is thought to be around 48,500 years old, while Megavirus Mammoth is another that infects amoebas.

No human cases of these viruses have been found yet, but the experts are under the impression that the more permafrost thaws, the greater the chances of that happening are.

Trump raked in over $80 million from businesses in UK and Ireland while president: watchdog

Sky Palma
June 5, 2023, 

Former President Donald Trump made more than $80 million from his businesses in Ireland and Scotland during his years in the White House, according to a report from the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW).

CREW's report stated that all the money was made "with extraordinary conflicts of interest, mixing Trump’s personal financial interests with the national interests of the United States." The group claims that Trump made over a billion dollars in income while he was president, with up to $160 million of that money "coming from businesses in foreign countries with interest in U.S. foreign policy."

As CREW points out, Trump made the choice not to divest from his businesses while serving his term as president -- a choice that CREW says led to "four years of egregious conflicts of interest between his business and the government."

One of the worst conflicts, according to the report, was his Doonbeg golf course in Ireland, from which he raked in almost $25 million, and his Turnberry and Aberdeen golf properties in Scotland, where he made over $58 million. The report states that Trump used opportunities as president to promote the properties and also "extracted every penny he could from the U.S. government" by charging the Secret Service “exorbitant” rates for rooms and other charges.

Read CREW's full report here.

Rudy Giuliani bizarrely connects alleged Joe Biden scandals to gay 'deviancy'

David Edwards
June 4, 2023,

Rudy Giuliani on his podcast (screengrab).

Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani on Sunday compared President Joe Biden's alleged scandals to what he claimed was "deviancy" of LGBTQ+ people.

During Sunday's Uncovering the Truth on WABC, Giuliani noted that Republicans planned to meet with the FBI over documents they believe will show evidence of corruption.

"But to sit by and watch a guy get elected president who's been a thirty-year bribe taker," Giuliani said.

"Well, it's that defining deviancy down," co-host Maria Ryan agreed. "Once you do that and you start getting used to certain things."

"It's almost like gays, right?" she added. "At one time in this population, it was really frowned upon. It was misunderstood whatever, and now it's accepted, and they have equal rights. So you just get used to certain things."

Ryan said she had probably not used the "best example" by comparing gay people to Biden.

"No, no, I think it's not the best example, but it is a good example in this sense," Giuliani remarked. "You take anything to an extreme, and you can get into the area of deviancy. Look, heterosexuals can be deviants. Nothing wrong with gay, nothing wrong with lesbian except if it morphs into pedophilia."

Ryan interrupted to suggest same-sex attraction was unnatural.

"It does go against nature, though, I do have to say that," she opined. "Our bodies are meant to procreate. That's what our bodies were meant to do, a man and a woman."

Gannett journalists walk out, accusing CEO of decimating local newsrooms

Julia Conley, Common Dreams
June 5, 2023

Gannett Logo GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP/File

As shareholders gathered at the annual meeting of Gannett, the largest newspaper company in the United States following a 2019 merger, hundreds of unionized employees from across the country walked off the job on Monday to demand investors take action against what the journalists say is corporate greed at the top of the organization.

The journalists, who are represented by the NewsGuild-Communications Workers of America (CWA), say CEO and chairman Mike Reed has overseen the gutting of local newsrooms across the country at Gannett's more than 300 publications, jeopardizing readers' access to local news and threatening the livelihoods of reporters while Reed collects a multi-million-dollar salary.

With the walkout, the unionized employees are calling on shareholders to hold a no-confidence vote against Reed.

In a letter to investors last month, the NewsGuild-CWA argued that Reed has "failed shareholders" by taking on debt with high interest rates when Gannett merged with GateHouse Media in 2019.


While taking home a $7.7 million salary in in 2021 and $3.4 million last year, Reed has "maintained a compensation policy that is forcing many of our journalists to seek work elsewhere," the union wrote.

"From a shareholder perspective, these cuts to local news reporters and local news don't just weaken civil society, they diminish the future of that company in the community."

"He has reduced local content by relying on wire service and regional stories [and] cut newsroom staff," the NewsGuild said. "As a result, our communities are not being served and our employees are demoralized. Therefore, we believe it is time for a change in leadership: a clear vote of no-confidence in a guy who has weakened our company, forsaken the towns and cities where we have outlets, and impoverished shareholders."

In order to cut costs to service the company's debt, The New York Times reported Monday, Gannett has cut its workforce nearly in half since 2019. The Austin American-Statesman now has 41 newsroom employees, down from 110 before the merger. The Milwaukee Sentinel's staff has been cut from 104 to 83 in that time period; The South Bend Tribune's was cut from 45 to just 14 in South Bend, Indiana; and The Arizona Republic in Phoenix has cut its workforce from 140 to 89.

Gannett has also closed dozens of newspapers entirely, including six weekly publications in the Akron, Ohio area this past February and four papers in Northern Kentucky last year.

Cost-cutting measures have left readers of The Democrat and Chronicle in Rochester, New York without a business section; The Herald-Tribune in Sarasota, Florida without dedicated reporters focusing on the environment or city government; and just one reporter at TheAmerican-Statesman covering issues related to City Hall, Travis County, transportation, and public safety.

"We know what happens to communities when the light from news outlets dims," said the NewsGuild last month. "Political extremism can surge, corruption has fewer watchdogs, high school sports have fewer chroniclers, corporate misconduct has fewer witnesses, and municipal borrowing costs can rise. From a shareholder perspective, these cuts to local news reporters and local news don't just weaken civil society, they diminish the future of that company in the community."

The shareholder meeting and walkout come five months after Gannett laid of 6% of its 3,440-employee media division.

Richard Ruelas, a columnist at The Arizona Republic, organized a crowd-sourced fundraiser to support employees as they stage the walkout, which they plan to continue on Tuesday at the newspaper.

While cutting jobs across the company, said the Arizona Republic Guild, Gannett officials have refused to provide remaining journalists with fair wages and working conditions.

"After over three years of bargaining and repeated unfair labor practices, it's also become apparent that asking nicely isn't going to get us fair wages, benefits and protections for our newsroom, and that Gannett has no intention to bargain over these issues in good faith," said the union.

According to Jon Schleuss, president of the NewsGuild, Reed oversaw a "complete farce" at the shareholder meeting on Monday, ending the conference after just eight minutes and refusing to take questions.

"What a complete joke. Mike Reed needs to go," said Schleuss. "He has no ability to lead Gannett and no ability to be accountable to journalists or shareholders."

'Cowards': Soledad O'Brien rips former CNN colleagues for silence over what she calls Chris Licht's 'malpractice'
Brad Reed
June 5, 2023

Soledad O'Brien (Photo: JD Lasica/Flickr)

Former CNN anchor Soledad O'Brien had some harsh words for her former colleagues who have remained silent as CEO Chris Licht has tarnished their network's reputation.

O'Brien on Sunday night made the comments in response to a report from The Atlantic's Tim Alberta that revealed a Licht henchman demanded that CNN's graphics department take down a chyron that referenced Trump being found liable by a jury for sexually abusing E. Jean Carroll during last month's town hall event.

Even though sources told Alberta they were shocked and dismayed by this decision, O'Brien argued that this wasn't good enough and that they needed to go public with their concerns.

"And yet not a single one said anything -- on the record, out loud, using their name," she wrote on Twitter. "They're shocked! They're shaken! But they are also cowards, let's be honest about that. When their boss was supporting pure journalistic malpractice what did they say -- out loud?"

There has been some public criticism from some CNN employees about the Trump town hall, including from media reporter Oliver Darcy and Christiane Amanpour, but so far there has been no broad public revolt by CNN employees.

The Trump town hall has drawn criticism in particular because CNN filled the studio audience with diehard MAGA fans who cheered on the former president even when he mocked and demeaned the woman he was found liable for sexually abusing.

CNN employees say boss Chris Licht has a 'Trumpian' paranoia and self-absorption: longtime insider
Brad Reed
June 5, 2023,

Chris Licht attends the 2022 Time 100 Gala at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Jazz at Lincoln Center on June 08, 2022 in New York City. (Photo by Taylor Hill/WireImage)

CNN boss Chris Licht is coming under increasing pressure over his widely criticized handling of a CNN town hall featuring former President Donald Trump, and now employees are dishing to longtime media insider Brian Stelter about how they really feel about him.

Writing on Twitter, Stelter said that multiple CNN staffers have confirmed to him the impression of Licht given in a report by The Atlantic's Tim Alberta, which made the CNN boss come off as "paranoid, self-absorbed, and reluctant to admit mistakes."

"'Trumpian' is the phrase several staffers used with me," wrote Stelter, who for years was employed as CNN's media reporter.

Stelter also said that there "is sympathy for Licht" among some CNN staffers, although they nonetheless "feel like he's been carrying out someone else's orders.

There has been some public criticism from some CNN employees about the Trump town hall, including from media reporter Oliver Darcy and Christiane Amanpour, but so far there has been no broad public revolt by CNN employees.

The Trump town hall has drawn criticism in particular because CNN filled the studio audience with diehard MAGA fans who cheered on the former president even when he mocked and demeaned the woman he was found liable for sexually abusing.

Chris Licht vows to 'fight like hell' to stop CNN 'meltdown'

Sky Palma
June 5, 2023, 

In the wake of a piece in The Atlantic that painted a brutal portrait of CNN CEO Chris Licht, the network's boss is now trying to reassure employees that he plans to “fight like hell” to win back their trust, The Daily Beast reported.

The Atlantic article told the story of a network in "meltdown" and a CEO who is facing fallout over a town hall that featured former President Donald Trump and the loss of support from staff after he was tasked by Warner Bros. Discovery CEO David Zaslav to reinvent CNN as a “centrist” news channel.

According to sources speaking to The Beast, Licht told staffers during an editorial call on Monday morning that he plans to stay on as CNN's CEO, adding that he knows "these past few days have been very hard for this group."

“I fully recognize that this news cycle and my role in it overshadowed the incredible week of reporting that we just had and distracted from the work of every single journalist in this organization. And for that, I am sorry," he reportedly said.


He said that when he read The Atlantic's piece, he realized that “CNN is not about me" and he “should not be in the news unless it’s taking arrows” for the network’s staff since “your work is what should be written about.”

Read the full report over at The Daily Beast.

CRIMINAL CAPITALI$M
US DOT fines British Airways $1.1 million for deceptive consumer practices
BYRYTIS BERESNEVICIUS
2023-06-02

Carlos Yudica / Shutterstock.com

The United States (US) Department of Transportation (DOT) has fined British Airways $1.1 million for unfair and deceptive practices against consumers, relating to the returning of refunds to passengers.

Announcing the fine on June 1, 2023, the DOT said that between March and November 2020, the British Airways website provided instructions for passengers on how to receive refunds for canceled flights. They were instructed to contact the airline via phone, yet “consumers were unable to get through to customer service agents when calling the carrier for several months during this period because British Airways failed to maintain adequate functionality of its customer service phone lines”.

Furthermore, the DOT alleged that British Airways did not provide any “way to submit a refund request through the carrier’s website during this period” and had “misleading information on its website which led consumers to inadvertently request travel vouchers instead of refunds”.

Since March 2020, the DOT has processed a total of 1,200 complaints from the airline’s passengers claiming that the carrier was not providing timely refunds after it had canceled or changed their flights. In addition, the government agency noted that the airline “received thousands more complaints and refund requests directly from consumers”.

“British Airways’ failure to establish, for several months, a readily accessible method for consumers to request refunds for flights the carrier canceled or significantly changed caused significant challenges and delays in thousands of consumers receiving required refunds” has violated 49 U.S. Code § 41712 and 14 CFR Part 259, with the DOT ordering the airline to cease and desist further action that violates the two regulations, while landing it with a $1.1 million fine.

The decision was made despite British Airways stating that the refund situation must be viewed “in the context of the unprecedented global health pandemic and the resulting astronomical number of flight cancellations, which caused operational and personnel challenges”. The airline was ordered, effective immediately, to close its call centers at the time, with the airline responding by equipping employees to work from home, retraining others to undertake customer service duties, and developing an automatic solution for easily solvable refunds.

British Airways added that “it made it clear that passengers whose flights were cancelled due to Covid could obtain a refund and the voucher application on the website made clear that it applied to vouchers, rather than to refunds”. The airline disagreed that “reasonable customers would have been confused”.

Between March 2020 and December 2021, British Airways refunded over $40 million to customers that “had nonrefundable tickets for flights to or from the United States who chose not to travel and for whom British Airways had no legal obligation to refund”.

Still, the DOT determined that the airline violated the two regulations seriously. It will have to pay $550,000 within six months, while the remaining $550,000 will be “credited to British Airways for refunds that British Airways voluntarily provided to passengers with non-refundable tickets for flights to or from the United States who chose not to travel and were not entitled to refunds under U.S. law”.

UPDATE

Twitter’s head of trust and safety resigns after criticism from Elon Musk



 Jun 3, 2023

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — A top Twitter executive responsible for safety and content moderation has left the company, her departure coming soon after owner Elon Musk publicly complained about the platform’s handling of posts about transgender topics.

The departure pointed to a fresh wave of turmoil among key officials at Twitter since Musk took over last year.

Ella Irwin, Twitter’s head of trust and safety, confirmed her resignation in a pair of tweets late Friday. She did not say in the message why she was leaving, but her departure came shortly after Musk criticized Twitter’s handling of tweets about a conservative media company’s documentary that questions transgender medical treatment for children and teens.

Musk was responding to complaints by Jeremy Boreing, co-CEO of the media company, the Daily Wire. Boreing said in tweets and retweets of conservative commentators Thursday that Twitter was suppressing the movie by flagging posts about it as hate speech and keeping the movie off lists of trending topics.

Boreing tweeted that Twitter canceled a deal to premiere “What is a Woman?” for free on the platform “because of two instances of ‘misgendering.’” Twitter rules prohibit intentionally referring to transgender individuals with the wrong gender or name.

“This was a mistake by many people at Twitter. It is definitely allowed,” Musk tweeted back. “Whether or not you agree with using someone’s preferred pronouns, not doing so is at most rude and certainly breaks no laws.”

Irwin tweeted Friday that “one or two people noticed” she left the company the day before, and she noted speculation about whether she was fired or quit. She teased that she would post 24 tweets to explain her departure.

Then she posted that she was just kidding about the long narrative.

“In all seriousness, I did resign but this has been a once in a lifetime experience and I’m so thankful to have worked with this amazing team of passionate, creative and hardworking people. Will be cheering you all and Twitter as you go!”

Next to Musk, Irwin had been the most prominent voice of the company’s ever-changing content policies in recent months.

Twitter has struggled to bring back advertisers turned off by Musk’s drastic changes and loosening of rules against hate speech since he bought Twitter for $44 billion in October. Twitter also has an incoming CEO, Linda Yaccarino, known for decades of media and advertising industry experience, but she hasn’t started yet.

Irwin and Twitter didn’t respond to requests from The Associated Press for comment.

Twitter has been in turmoil including mass layoffs and voluntary departures since the billionaire Tesla owner bought the San Francisco company and took it private. The company’s head of trust and safety left shortly after the takeover, and turnover in the top ranks has continued. Last month, Twitter fired two more top managers.

Raspberry Pi production rate rising to a million a month

CEO stands by decision to keep prices steady instead of scoring sweet, sweet, windfall profits

Laura Dobberstein

THE REGISTER
Mon 5 Jun 2023 

Raspberry Pi boss Eben Upton says the micro manufacturer's ovens will crank out a million units in July, after years of supply issues restraining sales.

In a newsletter article spotted by Tom's Hardware, Upton said the fruiterer shipped 800,000 units in Q1 of 2023 – its worst result since 2015 and a number that buyers usually acquire in a single month.

Upton wrote that he is now seeing a "rapid recovery in silicon supply" – a recovery he attributed to "Sony's willingness to stockpile the non-silicon elements" required to build out single board computers (SBCs) which are Raspberry Pi's mainstay.

The biz shifted around 600,000 units this May, expects to produce 800,000 in June and will hit the million units mark in July. Upton said production levels will remain there "for as long as necessary" to clear remaining back orders and return to easy availability.

Upton also expressed confidence that Pi shortages are in the past, and 2023 will be the "strongest ever year" for the SBCs and modules.

The CEO has been predicting that supply chains would improve in Q2 since at least December last

 year.

While Pis are again being produced in high numbers, increased component costs – as expected during a supply chain crisis – have led to price rises for the models including the 2GB Raspberry Pi 4, the Compute Module 4, and the Raspberry Pi Zero.

In a recent interview with YouTuber Jeff Geerling, Upton seemed content with the supply situation. He also revealed that the business decided not to float the price of its products and "let capitalism take care of it" as component prices moved in recent years – despite the amount of money that could have been made.

"I think that would've been a horrible betrayal of trust," said the CEO, though it would have left Raspberry Pi able to "swim in the profits."

"Oh my god, the amount of money that we could have made and if we'd floated the price of the products."

That's a reference to the COVID-caused crimps on supply chain inputs ranging from chips to ships. Many tech vendors did hike prices as the cost of their inputs grew. The boot's on the other foot now, as supply chains are moving fast once more but demand has dived, leading companies like HP to discount aggressively and PC-makers like Lenovo experience 75 percent profit declines.

Upton told Geerling that Raspberry Pi users tend to horde their machines, keeping several in the back cabinet for a rainy day.

"People can survive a transient shortage, just as a company might … by having some buffer of supplies and inbound componentry. So a hobbyist can survive for a period of time by using the Raspberry Pis they already have," opined Upton. ®