Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Liang Jun: China's first female tractor driver, and national icon, dies

1 yuan banknoteImage copyrightWEIBO
Image captionShe was immortalised in China's one yuan banknotes
A woman who became China's first female tractor driver, and eventually a national icon, has died at the age of 90.
In 1948, Liang Jun became the only female in China to take up the job, when she enrolled in a training class for tractor drivers.
More than a decade later, an image of her proudly driving a tractor was featured on China's one-yuan banknote.
"No-one could drive as well as me," she had said in an earlier interview. "I have no regrets in this life."
Liang Jun was born in 1930 to a poor family in China's remote Heilongjiang province.
She spent most of her early years helping out at a farm as well as studying in a rural school.
In 1948, when a local school opened up a course to train tractor drivers, she seized her chance.
Photo of Liang JunImage copyrightWEIBO
Image captionLiang Jun seized her chance to become a tractor driver when she was just 18
According to local media, there were 70 students in the class - with Liang Jun being the only woman. She eventually completed her training and became the country's first female tractor driver.
A year later, communist leader Mao Zedong announced the creation of the People's Republic of China.
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Long journey from a poor childhood

By Michael Bristow, BBC World Service Asia-Pacific editor
In previous eras in China, nobles, poets and military leaders were the ones to admire. But when the communists took power in 1949, a new kind of hero was born - the model worker, a concept already in use in the Soviet Union.
The Chinese state promoted poor, hard-working individuals whose dedication to building a socialist country was held up for others to follow.
Liang Jun was one of the first, and one of the best known, model workers. Her smiling face as she drives her tractor on the one yuan banknote was supposed to inspire others to similar heights of achievement.
It was not just class barriers she broke down either. Liang Jun became a symbol for all Chinese women, and the possibilities that now opened up for them. She herself made full use of those opportunities. She became an engineer and a politician; a long journey from an impoverished childhood.
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Liang Jun joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as a member and was later sent to a school in Beijing to learn more about agricultural machinery.
She returned to Heilongjiang upon finishing her studies and was posted to work in the Agricultural Machinery Research Institute.
In 1962, China began printing banknotes that featured an image of her driving a tractor.
Photo of Liang JunImage copyrightWEIBO
Image captionLiang Jun driving a tractor even in old age
The communist party had prioritised the mobilising of women - especially those in the countryside - in the country's growing labour force.
Featuring women in various occupations was a way of promoting this, with "no occupation more promoted than that of the female tractor driver", according to the Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism.
As China pushed Liang Jun into the limelight, her story was also printed in textbooks and is said to have inspired dozens of other women to become tractor drivers.
In 1990, she retired from her position as chief engineer of the Harbin municipal bureau of agricultural machines - marking the end of several decades in the industry.

In recent years however, Liang Jun battled various illnesses.
She often shifted in and out of consciousness, and was eventually confined to her bed, said media reports.
Her son, Wang Yanbing, said she had died "peacefully" on Monday.
"She had put up a good fight," he told a Harbin news outlet. "She was always happiest when people talked about her as China's first female tractor driver."
On social media website Weibo, tributes flowed in for Liang Jun, after her death became the top trend.
"She showed that whatever men can do, women could do as well," said one commenter.
"Goodbye to this woman who held up half the sky," said another comment, referencing a famous phrase by Mao Zedong.
"She worked hard and became the heroine of her generation," another said. "Goodbye Liang Jun. We salute you."




Student rape reports: The battle to be believed

Three women who reported being violently sexually assaulted by fellow students – including one woman who says she was bitten and left with bruises – have told the BBC the perpetrators got away with it.
A number of UK universities say they are taking action to improve safety on campus but, as reports of sexual misconduct at universities rise, questions remain about how seriously the issue is being taken.
If you have been affected by sexual abuse or violence, help and support is available at BBC Action Line.
Video produced by Megan Fisher.
  • 15 Jan 2020

REWILDING

Reconnecting with nature 'triggers' eco-actions

View across to the centre of London from Parliament Hill, Hampstead Heath (BBC)
Image captionThe study suggests there is a strong link between exposure to nature and behaving in a sustainable manner
People who have access to nature or urban green spaces are much more likely to behave in environmentally friendly ways, a study suggests.
Researchers used a representative sample of 24,000 people in England for their study of green behaviour.
The findings also showed that people who were not exposed to green spaces were less likely to adopt green behaviours, such as recycling.
The findings will appear in the journal Environment International.
The team of scientists from South-West England found that the link between access to green spaces and a greater level of green behaviour was true across the social board, whether it was older people, younger people, rich or poor, male or female.
"The message that we want to get out is that reconnecting with nature may promote sustainable behaviour," explained co-author Ian Alcock from the European Centre for Environment and Human Health at the University of Exeter.

Big picture

Dr Alcock explained that previous studies had highlighted a link that if people had more connections to nature, they were more likely to make more green choices.
"But the evidence came from small-scale experiments and from small-scale surveys," he told BBC News.
Men on a bench under a pine tree
Image captionIn order to encourage environmentally friendly behaviour, policymakers should look to ensure access to green spaces in towns and cities
"What we wanted to do was to test that idea on a large scale, so we took a large nationally representative sample of the population of England.
People who took part in the study were asked a range of questions, such as whether they recycled, bought eco-friendly brands, bought local or seasonal produce etc.
"People who made more nature visits were more likely to engage in recycling and more likely to engage in green travel and were more likely to engage in environmental volunteering.
"The take-home message for policymakers is that we should encourage these active exposures to nature in order to encourage greater environmentalism.
"What this suggests to us, from a policy viewpoint, is that there should be efforts to increase contact through improving both social participation also through the physical infrastructure, through promises to improve access to natural spaces in urban settings.
 



Could these ancient mummies be descended from Atlanteans?

13 JANUARY 2020|HISTORY

The Guanches were the first known inhabitants of the Canary Islands, but their true origins have baffled archaeologists.

Their mummification rituals saw them linked to the Ancient Egyptians, and some legends suggested they could even have been surviving inhabitants of Atlantis. New scientific evidence, however, may have found the truth.

Video by Fernando Teixeira & Izabela Cardoso

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BBC Reel
SNOWNADO***
Snow, hurricane-force winds coming as icy cold grips B.C. Environment Canada warns of hurricane force winds and freezing spray in Howe Sound



CBC News · Posted: Jan 14, 2020 
 

Snow at Kitsilano Beach in Vancouver, B.C., on Jan. 13, 2020. (Ben Nelms/CBC)

As bone-chilling Arctic air continues to seize the region, a snowfall warning is in effect for Metro Vancouver, which could see up to 15 centimetres by Wednesday morning.

A few more centimetres of snow is expected to fall Wednesday in the Lower Mainland and the Fraser Valley. Environment Canada has also issued snowfall warnings or special weather statements for much of Vancouver Island, the southern Gulf Islands and the Sunshine Coast.

In Howe Sound, forecasters are warning of hurricane force winds of 45 to 55 knots early Wednesday, speeding up by the late afternoon to 55 to 65 knots. A freezing spray warning is also in effect.

Environment Canada is urging drivers to prepare for deteriorating road conditions that could have a "significant" impact on rush hour traffic.

All classes at the University of the Fraser Valley in Abbotsford are cancelled Tuesday due to reduced bus service and "treacherous" driving conditions, the school said in an emailed statement.

The SUS shuttle but will not be operating past 4:30 p.m. but the school has hired a private coach for students travelling between Abbotsford and Chilliwack.

The school's buildings will remain open.

Meanwhile, forecasters say the cold spell will ease up soon, though they warn milder conditions coming Friday could lead to a "messy" end to a slushy week on the South Coast.
A return to rain

The reprieve is expected to begin on Wednesday. Temperatures across the province will creep back toward 0 C on the Lower Mainland, according to Environment Canada. More seasonal temperatures for the Interior are due across B.C. by the weekend.

Environment Canada said extreme cold warnings across the province are expected to remain in place Tuesday before the current system moves on. The South Coast, where daffodils had begun to bloom last week, will face another round of below-zero temperatures and up to 10 centimetres of snow Tuesday night.

Central, northern areas of B.C. facing -40 C as frigid snap grips the province

Forecasters said Friday will be the "transition day" on the South Coast. Bitterly cold, snowy air is expected to shift back to characteristic downpours.

Parts of the region can expect around 40 millimetres of rain on Friday, which isn't good news given the amount of snow the area has seen this week.

"It will be rain on snow, and that has caused the Lower Mainland and South Coast problems in the past," Environment Canada meteorologist Armel Castellan sai

Rain-soaked snow weighs heavily on structures, particularly weaker ones like sheds and outbuildings. Dense, saturated snow could also down power lines and cause another round of outages.

 
A man walks by palm trees covered in snow in Vancouver on Jan. 13, 2020. (Ben Nelms/CBC)

The weather agency said localized flooding is also possible, as drains blocked with snow won't be able to handle the rain.

"It's going to be a pretty messy end to the week," Castellan said.
Snowy struggle

Weather conditions in recent days have led to travel nightmares across the province, particularly in the Lower Mainland and on Vancouver Island.

A sudden blast of blowing snow across the area Sunday caused dozens of crashes, delays or closures on several highways and bridges, while as much as 25 centimetres of snow forced a number school districts — mainly in the Fraser Valley — to cancel classes on Monday. Ferries between the mainland and Vancouver Island were also called off due to wind.

 
Snow clearing on certain highways in Metro Vancouver, including Highway 1, are the jurisdiction of the B.C. government, but the rest are the responsibility of cities. (Ben Nelms/CBC)

Morning commuters were warned to watch their speed on Monday and Tuesday as icy roads caused a number of vehicles and semi-trailers to lose control on major highways, including Highway 1, the Malahat Highway and the Coquihalla Highway.

Side streets and sidewalks were also treacherously slick.

B.C.'s cold spot hits –48 C

With the wind chill, temperatures along the North Coast have tumbled to –20 C, while the weather office said conditions have felt closer to –40 C near Prince George and –45 C along the boundaries with Yukon and northwestern Alberta.

Castellan said Puntzi Mountain in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region plummeted to –48 C Tuesday morning, only one degree shy of the coldest place in Canada.

More seasonal temperatures for the Interior are due by the weekend.

Severe winter shelters are open across the province for those who are homeless.

Jeremy Hunka, spokesperson for the Union Gospel Mission in Vancouver, said many people living outside begin to get sick when the weather gets cold, and donated waterproof boots and jackets, as well as dry bedding, can make a huge difference.
 
The flag held by Mr. PG, the towering wooden mascot standing over Prince George, B.C., was frozen in the cold on Monday. (Andrew Kurjata/CBC)


***SNOWNADO YES I KNOW ITS NOT A TORNADO, BUT SNOWCANE REALLY?



Lebanon protesters hit banks in 'week of wrath'

Banks in Beirut were targeted by demonstrators during what they have called a 'week of wrath', in protest against the country's banking crisis.
Protests have been ongoing since October 2019. Lebanon's commercial banks have been restricting savers' access to their deposits and blocking most transfers abroad for more than two months.
Protesters say they will continue to take to the streets until a new government is formed.

Australia fires: Family blames teenager’s death on bushfire smoke

Courtney Partridge-McLennanImage copyrightPARTRIDGE-MCLENNAN FAMILY
Image captionCourtney Partridge-McLennan died in November
One night last November, Courtney Partridge-McLennan said goodnight to her family in Australia and went to sleep in her room.
At some point in following hours, the 19-year-old woman suffered a suspected asthma attack. When her parents checked on her the next morning, Courtney had died.
Her family believes that Courtney's death in Glen Innes, New South Wales, was triggered by smoke from nearby bushfires. Like many populated areas across Australia's east, the town has been shrouded by smoke in recent months.
"She was found with her phone torch on, as though she was looking for something," her sister, Cherylleigh, told the BBC's Outside Source programme. "Her Ventolin [inhaler] was on the bed with her."
Courtney was diagnosed with asthma as a child. It was not usually severe but tended to flare up around dust and air pollutants, according to her sister.
"She had no symptoms before she went to bed," Cherylleigh said.
"She was healthy and that's what made it the biggest shock for us. It was so out of nowhere."
Cherylleigh said preliminary autopsy reports had listed the cause of death as "unconfirmed". But she added her parents had been told that Courtney had a "hyper-extension of the lungs" - one indicator of an asthma attack.
"Initially when they found her, the comments were, 'oh it definitely looks like an asthma attack, it looked like it happened really quickly,'" Cherylleigh said.
Media captionHeavy smoke haze over Sydney first appeared in November
According to health officials, asthmatics are particularly vulnerable in Australia's ongoing bushfire crisis. The condition narrows a person's airways when triggered by irritants in the air.
In recent months, cities including Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra and Adelaide have recorded some the worst air quality readings globally.
In rural communities closer to the fire-zones, the impact has been even greater.
A fortnight before Courtney's death on 28 November, bushfires ripped through Glen Innes, causing the deaths of two people.
But fires had burned in the region since September, and smoke continued to affect the town afterwards. Her family believes this was the trigger for her asthma attack.
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graphic showing effects of air pollution on the body
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Health officials have consistently warned of the dangers of bushfire smoke, urging those with asthma - about one in nine Australians - to carry their treatments with them.
"It can be a really frightening experience when [one is] exposed to triggers like bushfire smoke," said Michele Goldman from advocacy group Asthma Australia.
"They can experience breathlessness and wheezing, and symptoms can quickly deteriorate into a very serious asthma attack which can be fatal."
She fears that because the condition is common, and often mild, there is a sense of complacency - even amid the unprecedented smoke.
Cherylleigh said Courtney had been studying to be a youth worker, and had been passionate about helping others.
"For us, it's about getting people aware that asthma is this serious," Cherylleigh said.
"Courtney's death was not an isolated incident."

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