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KARL MARX, “On the Jewish Question” (1843) In: The Marx-Engels Reader. Edited by Robert Tucker, New York: Norton & Company, 1978. p. 26 - 46.

Political emancipation is at the same time the dissolution of the old society, upon which the sovereign power, the alienated political life of the people,rests. Political revolution is a revolution of civil society. What was the nature of the old society? It can be characterized in one word: feudalism. The Old civil society had a directly political character; that is, the elements of civil life such as property, the family, and types of occupation had been raised, in the form of lordship, caste and guilds, to elements of political life. They determined, in this form, the relation of the individual to the state asa whole; that is, his political situation, or in other words, his separation and exclusion from the other elements of society. For this organization of national life did not constitute property and labour as social elements; it rather succeeded in separating them from the body of the state, and made them distinct societies within society. Nevertheless, at least in the feudal sense, the vital functions and conditions of civil society remained political. They Excluded the individual from the body of the state, and transformed the particular relation which existed between his corpora-[45]tion and the state into a general relation between the individual and social life, just as they transformed his specific civil activity and situation into a general activity and situation. As a result of this organization, the state as a whole and its consciousness, will and activity—the general political power—also necessarily appeared as the private affair of a ruler and his servants, separated from the people.The political revolution which overthrew this power of the ruler, which made state affairs the affairs of the people, and the political state a matter of general concern, i.e. a real state, necessarily shattered everything—estates, corporations, guilds, privileges—which expressed the separation of the people from community life. The political revolution therefore abolished the political character of civil society. It dissolved civil society into its basic elements, on the one hand individuals, and on the other hand the material and cultural elements which formed the life experience and the civil situation of these individuals. It set free the political spirit which had, so to speak, been dissolved, fragmented and lost in the various culs-de-sac of feudal society; it reassembled these scattered fragments, liberated the political spirit from its connexion with civil life and made of it the community sphere,the general concern of the people, in principle independent of these particular elements of civil life. A specific activity and situation in life no longer had any but an individual significance. They no longer constituted the general relation between the individual and the state as a whole. Public affairs as such became the general affair of each individual, and political functions became general functions.But the consummation of the idealism of the state was at the same time the consummation of the materialism of civil society. The bonds which had restrained the egoistic spirit of civil society were removed along with the political yoke. Political emancipation was at the same time an emancipation of civil society from politics and from even the semblance of a general content.Feudal society was dissolved into its basic element, man; but into egoistic man who was its real foundation.Man in this aspect, the member of civil society, is now the foundation and presupposition of the political state. He is recognized as such in the rights of man.But the liberty of egoistic man, and the recognition of this liberty, is rather the recognition of the frenzied movement of the cultural and material elements which form the content of his life.Thus man was not liberated from religion; he received religious liberty. He was not liberated from property; he received the liberty to own property. He Was not liberated from the egoism of business; he received the liberty to engage in business.The formation of the political state, and the dissolution of civil[46]society into independent individuals whose relations are regulated by law, as the relations between men in the corporations and guilds were regulated by privilege, are accomplished by one and the same act. Man as a member of civil society—non-political man—necessarily appears as the natural man. Tle rights of man appear as natural rights because conscious activity is concentrated upon political action. Egoistic man is the passive, given result of the dissolution of society, an object of direct apprehension and consequently a natural object. The political revolution dissolves civil society into its elements without revolutionizing these elements themselves or subjecting them to criticism. This revolution regards civil society, the sphere of human needs, labour, private interests and civil law, as the basis of its own existence, as a self-subsistent precondition, and thus as its natural basis.Finally, man as a member of civil society is identified with authentic man, man as distinct from citizen, because he is man in his sensuous, individual and immediate existence, whereas political man is only abstract, artificial man, man as an allegorical, moral person. Thus man as he really is, is seen only in the form of egoistic man, and man in his true nature only in the form of the abstract citizen.The abstract notion of political man is well formulated by Rousseau: "Whoever dares undertake to establish a people's institutions must feel himself capable of changing, as it were, human nature itself, of transforming each individual who, in isolation, is a complete but solitary whole, into a part of something greater than himself, from which in a sense, he derives his life and his being; [of changing man's nature in order to strengthen it;] if substituting a limited and moral existence for the physical and independent life [with which all of us are endowed by nature]. His task, in short, is to take from a man his own powers, and to give him in exchange alien powers which he can only employ with the help of other men."Every emancipation is a restoration of the human world and of human relationships to man himself.Political emancipation is a reduction of man, on the one band to a member of civil society, an independent and egoistic individual, and on the other hand, to a citizen, to a moral person.Human emancipation will only be complete when the real, individual man has absorbed into himself the abstract citizen; when as an individual man, in his everyday life, in his work, and in his relationships, be has become a species-being; and when he has recognized and organized his own powers(forces propres) as social powers so that he no longer separates this social power from himself as political power

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Fine and Saad-Filho' guide to Marx's ideas has been in print, in various forms, since the 1970s. The text I've read is from 2004 and I understand it has been much developed since the early versions. The authors are two leading Marxists and have attempted to condense the key points of Marx's thought into this short book. I suspect it's popularity in no small part lies with its length - many of Marx's works and the guides to them are long, detailed books and this short volume offers an easy start.

The authors look at several key aspects of Marx's work - in particular his Method and the origins of his philosophy; the Labour Theory of Value, commodities; the circulation of capital and its accumulation and the role of the falling rate of profit in creating crisis. These are good introductions, and worth reading. Later chapters, particularly those on finance capital and agricultural rent are harder.

While there is much of interest here, in my opinion the book is too difficult to act as an entry to Marx's ideas. The early chapters are accessible, but by the middle of the book the authors appear to be addressing students with existing knowledge of mainstream economics. Because the book is not a guide to specific volumes of Marx's work in self-contained sections, the authors miss key sections. For instance there is no serious discussion of Marx's concept of money as a universal commodity - a key and very important section of the early chapters of Capital - It's omission makes some of the later explanations harder to understand.

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ALI VELSHI EXPLAINS CAPITALISM AND HEALTH CARE TO REPUBLICAN SENATOR

TWITTER FEED FROM BERNIE SANDERS

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NINE VOLUMES OF MAYAN ICONOGRAPHY INCLUDING THE SPANISH INVASION

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS 

INDIGENOUS CIVILIZATIONS OF TURTLE ISLAND

NINE VOLUMES OF MAYAN ICONOGRAPHY INCLUDING THE SPANISH INVASION 

Antiquities of Mexico : comprising fac-similes of ancient Mexican paintings and hieroglyphics, preserved in the Royal Libraries of Paris, Berlin, and Dresden; in the Imperial Library of Vienna; in the Vatican Library; in the Borgian Museum at Rome; in the Library of the Institute at Bologna; and in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Together with the Monuments of New Spain, by M. Dupaix: with their respective scales of measurement and accompanying descriptions. The whole illustrated by many valuable unedited manuscripts
by Kingsborough, Edward King, viscount, 1795-1837; Dupaix, Guillermo; Sahagún, Bernardino de, -1590; Veytia, Mariano, 1718-1780?; Simón, Pedro, b. 1565; Adair, James, approximately 1709-1783; Cortés, Hernán, 1485-1547; Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo, 1478-1557; Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, Fernando de, 1578-1650; Alvarado Tezozómoc, Fernando, active 1598; Aglio, Agostino, 1777-1857, lithographer;


Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration. Library, former owner. DSIPublication date 1831Topics Indians of Mexico, Manuscripts, Nahuatl, Facsimiles, Nahuatl language, Nahuatl literature, Languages, Writing, Ethnology, Lost tribes of Israel, History, Antiquities, History, AntiquitiesPublisher London : Printed by James Moyse ... : Published by Robert Havell ... and Colnaghi, Son, and Co. ...Collection smithsonianDigitizing sponsor Smithsonian LibrariesContributor Smithsonian LibrariesLanguage English
Volume v. 1statement of responsibility: by Lord Kingsborough; the drawings, on stone, by A. Aglio
Vols. 1-4: plates; v. 5-9: text
In English, Italian, and Spanish
Vols. 1-7: "In seven volumes"; v. 8-9: "In nine volumes."
Imprints vary: v. 6-7: London : Printed by Richard and John E. Taylor : Published by Robert Havell and Colnaghi, Son, and Co., 1831; v. 8-9: London : Printed by Richard and John E. Taylor : Published by Henry G. Bohn, 1848
Printer's statement, v. 7, p. 461, reads: Londres, en la oficina de Ricardo Taylor, 1830



Vol. 9 includes p. [1]-60 at end, signed "Vol. X", but with explicit, p. 60, "End of Vol. IX, which concludes the work." No more published
Vols. 5-9 include, in addition to notes on plates, Kingsborough's various notes, and miscellaneous extracts from Spanish authors: "Viages de Guillelmo [i.e. Guillermo] Dupaix sobre las antiguedades Mejicanas" (v. 5, p. [207]-343); "Libro sexto de la retorica y filosofia, moral y teologia, de la gente Mexicana ... por ... Bernardino de Sahagun" (Bk. 6, chap. 1-40, of Sahagun's "Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España"; v. 5, p. [345]-493); "The monuments of New Spain, by M. Dupaix" (transl. of "Viages ..."; v. 6, p. 421-486); "Historia universal [i.e. general] de las cosas de Nueva España ... por ... Bernardino de Sahagun" (entire work, except Bk. 6, chap. 1-40; v.7, p. [10], [1]-464); "Historia del origen de las gentes que poblaron la America septentrional que llaman Nueva España ... son autor ... Mariano Fernandez de Echeverria y Veitia" (v.8, p.[159]-217 (2nd count))
"Tercera [y cuarta] noticia[s] de la segunda parte de las Noticias historiales de las conquistas de Tierra Firme ... por Fr. Pedro Simon" (v.8, p.[219]-271); "History of the North American Indians ... by James Adair" (1st part of Adair's "History of the American Indians", publ. 1775; v.8 p.[273]-400); "Cartas ineditas de Hernando Cortes" (v.8, p.[401]-418) ; "Relaciones ineditas de Fernandez de Oviedo" (v.8, p. [419]-424) ; "Cronica Mexicana de Fernando de Alvarado Tezozomoc" (v.9, p. [1]-196) ; "Historia Chichimeca por Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl" (v.9, p.[197]-316) ; "Relaciones de Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl" (v.9, p.[317]-468) ; "Ritos antiguos, sacrificios e idolatrias de los Indios de la Nueva Espana y de su conversión à la fée y quienes fueron los que primero la predicaron" (v.9, p.[1]-60 at end)

The SCNHRB copy of v. 4 (39088004441598) is extra-illustrated with type-written labels mounted on some of the plates
The CHMRB copy has accession nos. 6078 through 6086
The CHMRB copy has bookplate: Presented by Mrs. J.W. Roosevelt, November 1910, Cooper Union Museum Library
The CHMRB copy has old gilt-tooled black leather binding with marbled paper boards; raised bands; marbled endpapers; all edges gilt

Futility of Fosterism by One Big Union

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS OF LABOUR HISTORY
WESTERN CANADIAN SYNDICALISM (PACIFIC USA)
THE ONE BIG UNION #OBU
Futility of #Fosterism
by One Big Union
https://archive.org/details/FutilityOfFosterism
RARE
A critique of the labor politics of William Z Foster and the Communist Party of America's Trade Union Education League (TUEL). Author Ben Legare was the main US organizer for the One Big Union (OBU) a socialist union founded in western Canada by dissident members of the American Federation of Labor. this publication has been difficult to find, whilst often quoted in US labor history works.

"The strange thing about what we will call "Fosterism" in this pamphlet
is that it was suddenly revived in the United States in 1920 just
as the influence ~of the Western Canadian secession movement was' beginning
to be felt on the American side of the border."

WHEN ALBERTA WAS RED AND NOT JUST RED NECK
I met one T.U.E.L. organizer in Calgary addressing a meeting of the
"militants" of Calgary. When I arrived at the meeting place with a
couple of O.B.U. members I found five "militants" including another of
~our O.B.U. members and the speaker, Bartholomew. No effort was made
at all by Bartholomew to refute any of my arguments against the
T.U.E.L. policy and "Bart" afterward tried to convince me that he was
really "boring-from-within" in the interest of the O.B.U., but in view of
the malicious attacks that have been made upon the O.B.U., using the
same propaganda against it as used by the Manitoba Employers' Association,
it is not easy to believe in the sincerity of the alibi.
On the Pacific Coast, around Vancouver, the followers of Foster did
succeed in breaking up the O.B.U.; though a share of the credit for that
achievement should be given to the agents of the North West Mounted
Police working "undercover," in the regular report to Moscow; and Losovsky
should also be informed that after breaking up the O.B.U. they
did not succeed in getting the slaves back into the A. F. of L., so the net
result of the T.U.E.L. campaign in that sector has been the destruction
of all working class organization and the consequent discouragement of
the workers. The remaining vestiges of the A. F. of L. on the Vancouver
waterfront is now in process of being destroyed by a typical A. F. of L.
strike under T.U.E.L. leadership.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
In ~1919 a great insurgent movement was sweeping through the
unions of the A. F. of L. that had for its goal, One Big Union. Where
that movement took definite shape and became coherent the programme
advocated was SECESSION of local unions from their various Internationals
and the formation of One Big Union.
This movement was most advanced in Western Canada and the One
Big Union of Canada was the result.
~
It was formed by the SECESSION of most of the local unions in the
four western provinces of Canada and when it was launched in June, 1919,
it not only laid the foundation of a real labor movement but at the same
time it practically wiped out the A. F. of L. in western Canada and made
it impossible for ~that organization to ever again mobilize the mass of the
workers in that part of the country in a union controlled by the boss.
Though the A. F. of L. fought hard ,to recover that lost ground and' had
the help of the employers and the government and spent many hundreds
of thousands of dollars, it has never been able to re-establish its prestige
in Western Canada.
Though every effort has been made to destroy the' Canadian O.B.U.,
it has lived through the storm and today constitutes the firmest foundation
upon which a labor movement may be built on this continent.
The strange thing about what we will call "Fosterism" in this pamphlet
is that it was suddenly revived in the United States in 1920 just
as the influence ~of the Western Canadian secession movement was' beginning
to be felt on the American side of the border.
It was a time when the million and a half of workers that have since
dropped out of the A. F. of L. were in rebellion and beginning to tear at
the bonds that tied them up in the capitalist-controlled Internationals of
the A. F. of L.
Instead of promoting the SECESSION movement toward the One Big
Union, Foster and those who followed him began a frenzied campaign to
convince the insurgent unionists that they should "stay in the A. F. of L."

Topics One Big Union, OBU, Socialist Party of Canada, SPC, AFL, Communist Party of America, William Z. Foster, Trade Unions, AFL, TUEL, WSPUS, World Socialist Party (US), WSM, World Socialist Movement, SPGB, Socialist Party of Great Britain
Collection opensource #LABHIST #LABOR #LABOUR #LABORHISTORY
#CANADIANHIST #LABOURHISTORY #CANADIANHISTORY #CDNPOLI

NO DATE FOUND I THINK ITS AROUND 1925 FROM INTERNAL REFERENCES
EPLAWIUK