Tuesday, April 05, 2022

Hunger crisis across Africa 'going unnoticed,' says Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross warned Tuesday that a major hunger crisis in Africa is "going largely unnoticed" as the world focuses on Ukraine and other crises.
© Tony KARUMBA The ICRC warned that a hunger crisis was worsening in Africa and going largely unnoticed

Some 346 million people -- more than one in four people across Africa -- are suffering from "alarming" hunger and that number will probably rise in the coming months, the ICRC said.

The crisis spans the continent from drought-ravaged Somalia and Ethiopia in the east to Mauritania and Burkina Faso in the west, it said.

But, it warned, funding to assist millions going without meals is in short supply.

"This is a disaster going largely unnoticed. Millions of families are going hungry and children are dying because of malnutrition," ICRC head of global operations Dominik Stillhart told reporters in Nairobi.

He said global attention on the "terrible" plight of civilians in Ukraine "should not prevent the world from looking at other crises."

The conflict in Ukraine has also contributed to rising food and fuel costs and supply chain disruptions, amplifying the economic effect of the coronavirus pandemic, the ICRC added.

The ICRC has budgeted $1 billion euros ($1.1 billion) this year for its humanitarian response across Africa but faces a $800-million-euro shortfall.

"We are scaling up our operations... to help as many people as we can, but the number of people going without food and water is staggering," said Stillhart.

The UN's World Food Programme (WFP) warned last month that over 70 percent of South Sudan's population would face extreme hunger this year because of natural disasters and armed instability.

More than six million people in eastern and southern Ethiopia would need "life-saving" interventions this year as the region suffers its worst drought in decades, the UN said in January.

In Burkina Faso, the number of people displaced by hunger had more than doubled in the past year.

Stillhart also warned about the underlying impact on harvests from climate change.

"The current food security crisis is clearly the result of combined effects of conflict... but it is also the effect of repeated climate shocks," he said.

ho/np/ri

West Africa has worst food crisis in decade, aid groups say

By CARLEY PETESCH

Young girls stand in a field of millet outside the remote village of Hawkantaki, Niger, July 19, 2012. A group of international aid organizations said Tuesday April 5, 2022 that West Africa is facing its worst food crisis in a decade due to increasing conflict, drought, flooding and the crisis in Ukraine that is affecting food prices and worsening an already disastrous situation.(AP Photo/Jerome Delay, File)

DAKAR, Senegal (AP) — West Africa is facing its worst food crisis in a decade due to increasing conflicts, droughts, floods and the war in Ukraine, nearly a dozen international organizations said in a report Tuesday.

The number of West Africans needing emergency food assistance has nearly quadrupled from 7 million in 2015 to 27 million this year in nations including Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, Mali and Nigeria, where thousands have also been displaced because of rising Islamic extremist violence, the report said.

That number could jump to 38 million by June if action isn’t taken soon to help people in the Sahel, the sweeping region south of the Sahara Desert, the groups warned.

“Cereal production in some parts of the Sahel has dropped by about a third compared to last year. Family food supplies are running out. Drought, floods, conflict, and the economic impacts of COVID-19 have forced millions of people off their land, pushing them to the brink” according to Assalama Dawalack Sidi, Oxfam’s regional director for West and Central Africa.


Women crowd a well in the village of Kiral, near Goudoude Diobe in the Matam region of northeastern Senegal, May 1, 2012. 
 (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, file)

Children are suffering deeply, with estimates by the United Nations saying that some 6.3 million children 5 years and under will be acutely malnourished this year. Young girls will also face the brunt of the problem, being forced into early marriage or facing gender-based violence as food becomes scarcer, the 11 international organizations said.

Drought and poor rainfall distribution have reduced the food sources in many communities in the central Sahel region, the report said. Food prices have increased by up to 30% in West Africa, it said.

Global prices have risen as trade has been interrupted by the war in Ukraine, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Wheat availability will also be greatly affected in six West African countries that import at least 30% of their wheat from Russia and Ukraine, it said.

The crisis in Europe is also resulting in funding cuts to aid in Africa and $4 billion is needed to provide adequate support to the continent, the report said.

“Ukraine is receiving the right level of solidarity and care, this level should be the standard for responses to all crises, everywhere else,” said Moumouni Kinda, director-general of ALIMA.

The appeal comes before a conference on the Sahel on Wednesday which Oxfam’s Sidi said will be “a unique opportunity to mobilize the necessary emergency food and nutrition assistance and to prove that the lives of people in Africa are not worth less than those in Europe.”

UPDATES

SRI LANKA

Economists ask for a debt moratorium to exit crisis

by Arundathie Abeysinghe

The leaders of eleven parties have asked President Rajapaksa for an interim government to adopt new policies to cope with a shortage of basic goods. Sirisena's Sri Lanka Freedom Party left the ruling coalition. Four main Buddhist groups call for the government to step aside.




Colombo (AsiaNews) – The leaders of an eleven-party alliance that has the majority in the Sri Lankan parliament have asked President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to form an interim government to adopt new policies as a first step to resolve the country's economic crisis. This follows the resignation of every cabinet minister in the wake of countrywide protests.

Political analysts agree that a new interim government should not follow the policies that have aggravated the current crisis, but implement concrete solutions to deal with high food prices, shortages of food as well as fuel, gas and electricity and essential medicines.

The main cause of the current crisis is the lack of dollars in the state's coffers, economic analysts told AsiaNews. Like most countries of the world facing similar economic crises, loans and interest payments should be delayed through a moratorium policy for a period of five years.

Had this been done instead of repaying a US$ 6 billion loan, money would have been used to obtain essential goods to alleviate the country’s suffering.

Some left-wing parties, including the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), believe the government should not seek assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as this would only lead to further debt.

Recently, former Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe, leader of the United National Party (UNP), denied reports suggesting that he was asked to form a national unity government.

According to UNP sources, the only solution is a national consensus with a caretaker government of all parties under the Chief Justice to organise elections as soon as possible.

According to government sources, representatives from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) led by former President Maithripala Sirisena met with President Gotabaya Rajapaksa on Monday for urgent talks, but nothing came of them.

The SLFP has decided to leave the ruling coalition and its members now sit separately in Parliament.

For his part, President Rajapaksa, who discussed the crisis with 132 MPs from his coalition, asked all political parties in Parliament to offer their help in finding solutions to current economic challenges. He also appointed four ministers to conduct government business until a full cabinet is appointed.

The leaders of Sri Lanka's four major Buddhist groups also wrote to President Rajapaksa, presenting six proposals to resolve the economic crisis, including the formation of an interim government.

Meanwhile, protests continue in various parts of the country with larger crowds, which now include professionals, artists and students. In addition, protests are being reported among Sri Lanka communities around the world.

Sri Lankan lawyers hold massive protest as country in abyss of economic crisis


Colombo [Sri Lanka], April 5 (ANI): Sri Lanka is currently in the abyss of an economic crisis and amid this, a large number of lawyers staged a massive protest in front of the Attorney General’s Department on Tuesday in the Hultsdorph area in Colombo.



The demonstration, which commenced near the Aluthkade Magistrate’s Court, later proceeded towards the Attorney General’s Department, reported Colombo Times.
The lawyers are protesting the Attorney General’s move to withdraw certain lawsuits and also against the soaring prices of commodities that have gravely affected the day-to-day lives of the general public.

A protest letter with president Gotabaya Rajapaksa regarding the economic crisis in the country was officially lodged by the Bar Association of Sri Lanka, as per the news portal.
Amid the unprecedented economic crisis in Sri Lanka, the leader of the Opposition, Sajith Premadasa has called for abolishing the Executive Presidential system.

Sri Lanka is battling a severe economic crisis with food and fuel scarcity affecting a large number of the people in the island nation. The economy has been in a free-fall since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The country is also facing a foreign exchange shortage, which has, incidentally, affected its capacity to import food and fuel, leading to the power cuts in the country. The shortage of essential goods forced Sri Lanka to seek assistance from friendly countries.
On Sunday, 26-member Sri Lankan Cabinet Ministers submitted resignations amid rising public anger against the government over the economic crisis.

Meanwhile, the 36-hour long curfew that was imposed on Sri Lanka on Saturday evening at 6 pm was lifted on Monday morning at 6 am but the country is still under a state of emergency.
(ANI)

Sri Lankan flag does not 'protect' protesters from military, lawyers say

A man holds a Sri Lankan flag as he gathers with protesters outside the Sri Lanka president's home in Colombo on March 31, 2022 to call for his resignation as the country's economic crisis worsened ( AFP / Ishara S. KODIKARA)

AFP Sri Lanka
Published on Tuesday 05 April 2022 

As Sri Lankans protesting the island's economic crisis clashed with security forces, a message circulating widely on Facebook and WhatsApp claimed that military law prevented soldiers from shooting at demonstrators holding the national flag because it would be a "war crime". However, Sri Lankan legal experts warned that there was no law to protect protesters carrying the flag.

"Please have the national flag with you when participating in all protests in Sri Lanka," reads a Sinhala-language Facebook post from April 3 shared more than 700 times.

"If possible, take a photo of it and keep it with you. The Sri Lankan military cannot shoot at you while you carry the national flag."

"According to the Army Act and the oath they have taken, it's tantamount to betraying the nation. Furthermore, as per national and international military law, it's a war crime. This is on behalf of the safety of all those committed to dissent."

Screenshot of a Facebook post sharing the false claim, taken on April 5, 2022

The post refers to "international military law", presumably meaning the Geneva Conventions, a set of rules ratified by 196 states that seek to reduce suffering in war.

Street protests have gripped Sri Lanka in recent weeks as demonstrators blocked main roads across the country over the worst economic crisis since independence from Britain in 1948.

Police fired tear gas and water cannon at hundreds of protesters trying to storm the home of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa on March 31, demanding he resign over severe shortages of essentials, sharp price rises and crippling power cuts.

Rajapaksa later declared a state of emergency, giving sweeping powers to security forces to arrest and detain suspects for long periods without trial.

Facebook posts encouraging protesters to carry a national flag for "protection" were also shared here and here. AFP also found the claim circulating on WhatsApp.

Some social media users appeared to believe the posts shared genuine advice.

"Very good and valuable advice. Sharing for everyone's use," one person commented.

"Bless you for educating us, will spread the news so all those protesting or who are planning to participate can follow this great advice," another wrote.
'No extra protection'

However, legal experts said the claim was false.

Sri Lankan attorney-at-law Prabodha Rathnayake said there was no regulation in national or military law that said security forces could not shoot at a person holding the national flag.

"The few citations relating to the national flag are found in the Constitution and in trademark laws on the permitted commercial use of the flag," he told AFP.

"There are no clauses which prohibit the military from shooting at a person bearing the national flag, and none declaring it as an act tantamount to treason."

Luwie Niranjan, attorney-at-law and consultant at Sri Lanka's Center for Policy Alternatives, also said the advice was incorrect.

"The flag doesn't give you any additional protection," he told AFP. "But the military or police shooting an unarmed civilian who is engaged in a peaceful protest would be an offence under the normal law."

"Outside a war situation, the general law applies, and shooting unarmed civilians engaging in nonviolent protest would amount to murder," he said.

The right to protest peacefully is enshrined in Article 14 (1) (b) of Sri Lanka's Constitution, which says that "every citizen is entitled to the freedom of peaceful assembly".

AFP found no mention of the purported law mentioned in Facebook posts in the Sri Lankan ArmyNavy and Air Force Acts.

AFP Sri Lanka


Sri Lanka opposition rejects unity offer, demands president resign

Lankaprotest-April4

Demonstrators hold placards and shout slogan during a protest against the surge in prices and shortage of fuel and other essential commodities in Colombo on Monday.


AFP

  • 04 Apr 2022

Sri Lanka's opposition on Monday dismissed the president's invitation to join a unity government as "nonsensical" and instead demanded he resign over the country's worsening shortages of food, fuel and medicines.

President Gotabaya Rajapaksa's overture came as armed troops looked to quell more demonstrations over what the government acknowledges is the country's most severe economic crisis since independence from Britain in 1948.

Police fired tear gas and water cannon to disperse thousands of protesters trying to storm the private home of the prime minister — the president's elder brother and the head of the family political clan — in Tangalle, once a bastion of support for the Rajapaksas in the island's south.

The president asked opposition parties represented in parliament to "join the effort to seek solutions to the national crisis," after the late-night resignation of nearly all cabinet ministers to pave the way for a revamped administration.

Lankaprotest-April2022 Demonstrators hold placards and shout slogan during a protest against the surge in prices and shortage of fuel in Colombo. AFP

"We will not be joining this government," Eran Wickramaratne of the main opposition Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) party said. "The Rajapaksa family must step down."

It capped a day of rejections from political parties demanding the once popular and powerful ruling family relinquish power. "He really must be a lunatic to think that opposition MPs will prop up a government that is crumbling," lawmaker Anura Dissanayake of the leftist People's Liberation Front (JVP) told reporters in the capital Colombo.

And Abraham Sumanthiran of the Tamil National Alliance told AFP: "His offer to reconstitute the cabinet with opposition MPs is nonsensical and infuriates the people who have been demanding his resignation."

Every member of Sri Lanka's cabinet except the president and his elder brother, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, resigned late on Sunday.

The country's central bank governor Ajith Cabraal — who has long opposed the International Monetary Fund bailout now being sought by the country — also stepped down on Monday.

A day after en masse resignations, the president reappointed four of the outgoing ministers — three of them to their old jobs — while replacing brother Basil Rajapaksa as finance minister with the previous justice chief.

'Deck chairs on the Titanic'

Political analysts said the offer of a unity government did not go far enough to address the economic crisis or restore confidence in the Rajapaksa administration.

"This is like re-arranging the deck chairs on the Titanic," Bhavani Fonseka, political analyst and human rights lawyer, told AFP. "This is a joke."

Political columnist Victor Ivan told AFP that a cabinet reshuffle in the guise of a national government would not be acceptable to the public.

"What is needed is a serious reform programme, not just to revive the economy but address issues of governance," Ivan told AFP.

A critical lack of foreign currency has left Sri Lanka struggling to service its ballooning $51-billion foreign debt, with the pandemic torpedoing vital revenue from tourism and remittances.

The result has seen unprecedented food and fuel shortages along with record inflation and crippling power cuts, with no sign of an end to the economic woes.

Trading was halted on the country's stock exchange seconds after it opened Monday as shares plunged past the five percent threshold needed to trigger an automatic stop.

Economists say Sri Lanka's crisis has been exacerbated by government mismanagement, years of accumulated borrowing and ill-advised tax cuts.

The government plans to negotiate an IMF bailout, but talks are yet to begin.

'Step down Rajapaksa'

Noisy demonstrations have spread across the country since Sunday evening with thousands of people joining.

Thousands of young men and women dressed mostly in black and carrying hand-written posters and placards staged a noisy but peaceful demonstration at a busy roundabout in Colombo on Monday.

"Step down Rajapaksa," said one placard, while another read: "Return the funds stolen from the republic."

"Gota lunatic, go home Gota," crowds chanted elsewhere in the city, referring to the president, who imposed a state of emergency last week, the day after a crowd attempted to storm his residence.

The homes of several senior administration figures in various parts of the island were surrounded by protesters, with police firing tear gas to disperse the crowds.

Agence France-Presse

Crisis-hit Sri Lanka blocks social media platforms to contain protests

Social Media Giants

Picture used for illustrative purposes only.

Gulf Today Report

Sri Lanka has restricted access to major social media platforms including Facebook and Twitter, internet monitoring organisation NetBlocks said on Sunday, after the government imposed a curfew to tackle growing unrest amid an unprecedented economic crisis.

The South Asian nation is facing severe shortages of food, fuel and other essentials, along with sharp price rises and crippling power cuts, in its most painful downturn since independence from Britain in 1948.


READ MORE

Sri Lankan president declares curfew to preempt protests

Street protests grip Sri Lanka as economic crisis escalates


"Real-time network data show Sri Lanka has imposed a nationwide social media blackout, restricting access to platforms including Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, and Instagram as emergency is declared amid widespread protests," NetBlocks said in a tweet.

Fire-bus-Lanka
A protester shouts slogans near a bus on fire during a demonstration in Colombo, Sri Lanka. AFP

President Gotabaya Rajapaksa imposed a state of emergency on Friday, the day after a crowd attempted to storm his home in the capital Colombo, and a nationwide curfew is in effect until Monday morning.

Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp were among the platforms shut down by internet service providers on the orders of defence authorities, the pro-government Ada Derana news channel said.

"On the request of the defence ministry, service providers advised to temporarily restrict social media platforms," the broadcaster said, quoting Sri Lanka's media regulator.

Anonymous activists had called for mass protests on Sunday on social media before the order went into effect.

Emergency powers in the past have allowed the military to arrest and detain suspects without warrants, but the terms of the current powers are not yet clear.
Stopping Pig Black Death – African Swine Fever
Protection through detection
Puja Daya

African swine fever, a transboundary animal disease, is the cause of death for millions of domestic and wild pigs around the world. (Photo: L. Martinez/IAEA)

For many, looking back at 2018 might bring back memories of South Korea’s Winter Olympic Games or the British royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, but for pig farmers in China, the year was marked by a single event: the arrival of African swine fever (ASF). That year, the disease — once endemic to only sub-Saharan Africa — broke out among Chinese piggeries, resulting in the death or culling of over a quarter of the world’s domestic pig population. A year after its appearance, ASF was estimated to have directly cost China over a trillion yuan (US $141 billion) according to the dean of the College of Animal Science and Technology at China Agricultural University in Beijing, and caused the country’s pork prices to spike by 85 per cent.

While China, the world’s second largest economy, has been able to weather the ongoing ASF outbreak, not all countries are able to do so. The IAEA, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), is working closely with China, as well as with Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam in Asia, and Burkina Faso, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria and Senegal in Africa, in using nuclear techniques to create early detection mechanisms for ASF and to control its spread — saving pigs and farmers’ livelihoods.

“If we can limit the spread of this disease, we can limit the culling of disease-ridden pigs, which has a huge negative economic impact on countries that rely heavily on livestock production and trade,” said Charles Euloge Lamien, Technical Animal Health Officer at the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. For the past 15 years, he’s been training experts to sample and accurately detect ASF in their countries.

In China, pork is a primary ingredient for traditional cuisine, and the rise in pork prices has led some consumers to seek cheaper alternatives in wild animals. In wet markets where these are sold, unknown animal diseases could jump from animals to humans. “Bringing ASF under control would also reduce the number of consumers resorting to eating wild animals, which are a haven for zoonotic diseases,” Lamien said.

ASF, a disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), originated in wild pigs but has since been transmitted to domestic ones. Secondary sources of transmission include ticks, contaminated meat products and slaughtered products. Although ASF is not a zoonotic disease, around 70 per cent of infectious diseases are, making stopping the spread of potential zoonoses an even higher priority.

Early detection leads to less destruction

With no vaccination or treatment available for ASF, early detection is essential in controlling it. “Enabling laboratories to detect ASF as soon as possible is the most efficient way to take appropriate measures in containing the virus before it spreads further within a country or even to new countries,” Lamien said. Nuclear techniques allow scientists to detect and trace where the virus originates and determine how it’s transmitted.

Since 2012, the FAO/IAEA Animal Production and Health Laboratory has been working on ASF, developing what’s called syndromic surveillance tools — the collection, analysis and interpretation of data to provide an early warning system for the disease — as well as characterizing the virus from different countries. There are currently 24 known variants of the ASFV. Understanding their different characteristics allows experts to determine how outbreaks of ASF are linked, if they have previously been detected in a country, and where they may have originated.

In 2019, the IAEA in partnership with the FAO helped survey at-risk Asian countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Thailand and Viet Nam to detect the virus early enough to reduce the chances of new strains developing and to protect these countries’ pork industries. Lamien hopes to help other countries in the same way and is supporting their efforts to characterize ASFV from recent outbreaks.

The FAO/IAEA Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VETLAB) Network, which includes laboratories from countries in Africa and Asia, supports this work by sharing experiences and methodologies in using nuclear derived techniques to track and trace ASFV. Techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR (see the infographic here) and molecular sequencing are used.

By detecting ASF-infected pigs early, scientists can separate them from the non-infected pigs and stop the disease from being transported over borders. This was the case in Indonesia in 2020.

“Following disease investigation and confirmation, local governments were able to ban the movement of affected pigs, pig products and contaminated material,” said Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Director of the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science.

When a new type of virus is discovered, experts can analyse its genome to estimate the severity of the disease. For example, in 1961, ASF genotype I was discovered in Portugal and spread around Europe. 2007 saw a re-emergence of ASF in Europe with genotype II. Experience has shown that disease-endemic areas can be re-infected with new virus strains. With genotypes I and II being the most common variants detected outside of Africa, nuclear techniques allow for their quick detection and help stop both transmission of the disease and new variants from developing.

September, 2021
Vol. 62-3

Compact, green and car-free. Can city living beat climate change?

The economic benefits of cutting carbon pollution outweigh the costs of climate inaction
The economic benefits of cutting carbon pollution outweigh the costs of climate inaction.

With a whopping 70 percent of humanity predicted to be living in urban areas by the middle of the century, UN climate experts see a huge opportunity to create ideal cities that are walkable, leafy and energy efficient.

Urban areas currently account for around 70 percent of , notes a comprehensive report on climate change solutions from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released this week.

We are in the "urban century", the report says, with nearly seven billion people expected to live in built-up areas by 2050.

If this rapid expansion is chaotic, unplanned and inefficient it could cause emissions to explode.

But the IPCC says there is another option.

"Although urbanisation is a global trend often associated with increased incomes and higher consumption, the growing concentration of people and activities is an opportunity to increase resource efficiency and decarbonise at scale," the report says.

Cities are already more efficient: For the same level of consumption, a  dweller often needs less energy than their neighbour in the countryside.

That's because of the economies of scale in densely populated areas, where people share infrastructure and services, it says.

The IPCC did not give specific price tags for the measures it outlines, since they would vary considerably from place to place, but stressed that electrification, for example, was a "feasible, scalable and affordable" way of decarbonising public transport systems.

Overall, the IPCC makes clear that the  of cutting  outweigh the costs of climate inaction.

Low- or no-carbon power, like this solar farm off the coast of Singapore, will be needed for all urban areas
Low- or no-carbon power, like this solar farm off the coast of Singapore, will be needed for 
all urban areas.

Air pollution, for example, causes some seven million premature deaths each year around the world.

The report said the economic payback from reducing air pollution alone would be on the "same order of magnitude" as the investments needed to slash emissions, potentially even larger.

And the value of improvements in health and quality of life go beyond money.

So what would an ideal city look like?

Car-free

The IPCC paints a picture of a "compact and walkable" , with relatively high density of housing, shops and offices located close together, so that the journey from home to work and to services is short.

"Larger cities around smaller communities," said Diana Reckien, of Utwente University in the Netherlands, citing the example of recent restructuring of urban planning in Berlin.

"A community is really four-by-four blocks, with only small streets, either a playground or a market square, mostly in the middle, and all basic services (grocery stores, stationery, doctors, hairdresser)," said the researcher, who was not involved in the IPCC analysis.

Then you need to connect these districts together with cheap, reliable and plentiful public transport to wean households off their cars.

Plants on city streets and rooftops can help cool cities in heatwaves and absorb CO2
Plants on city streets and rooftops can help cool cities in heatwaves and absorb CO2.

Two colours

Green and blue—plants and water—are essential additions to the often monochrome urban landscape.

Today, cities are net carbon emitters, but they could both reduce their emissions and absorb more carbon, according to the IPCC.

Urban forests, tree-lined streets,  or facades, parks or waterways are all examples.

This "green and blue infrastructure" will not just help to suck up emissions but can also play an important role in protecting neighbourhoods from the impacts of global warming.

For instance, if more plants grow in amongst the buildings then they can reduce the effects of what is known as "", which are dense urban areas that amplify the suffocating effects of heatwaves.

That has been done for example in Colombia, where the second-largest city, Medellin, transformed the verges of roads and waterways into 30 green corridors that reduce the impact of the heat island effect, the UN's Environment Programme says.

Basins, grass verges and waterways can absorb flooding, like a large-scale "Sponge City" project in China.

"Cities should combine their mitigation efforts with adaptation, which can often create visible local benefits," said Tadashi Matsumoto, an expert at the OECD who was not involved in the report.

"If you are only talking to citizens about global carbon emissions, they may not feel it is a priority. But if you're talking to them about floods or the heat island effect, then they may feel these are their problems," he told AFP.

Currently, air pollution causes some seven million premature deaths every year
Currently, air pollution causes some seven million premature deaths every year.

From ideal to real

Growing cities are the perfect places for green innovation, said Reckien.

But she added that people needed to be given sufficient information.

"It's important for people who live in cities to understand why it's done, how they can use it, how it is improving their life. Especially since it's usually done on tax money," she said.

Not all urban areas face the same challenges, the IPCC report makes clear.

Older, established cities will have to replace or retrofit their existing building stock, electrify the energy system and overhaul transport systems—more costly than building new urban areas from scratch.

Fast-growing cities must resist the urge to sprawl, it said, keeping distances between homes and offices short.

And finally new or emerging cities have the chance to get it right the first time.

They will have "unparallelled potential to become low- or net-zero emissions  while achieving high quality of life", the report said.

With some 880 million people living in informal urban settlements, the IPCC added that much of the urban infrastructure of 2050 has yet to be built.

"How these new cities of tomorrow will be designed and constructed will lock-in patterns of urban energy behaviour for decades if not generations," it said.


© 2022 AFP

Sono Motors signs up new partner for solar car

BERLIN (Reuters) - Germany's Sono Motors has signed up a new partner for its partly solar-powered cars and is sticking to its goal of commercial production in 2023, after abandoning talks with the electric carmaking arm of indebted Chinese property developer Evergrande.

© Reuters/ANDREAS GEBERT FILE PHOTO:
 Alexa Rauscher of German solar-powered electric car startup Sono Motors drives a prototype of their car

Sono said on Tuesday it would produce its first vehicles in Finland with supplier Valmet Automotive, rather than in Sweden as originally envisaged.

The company had said in 2019 its production partner would be National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS), the Swedish electric vehicle unit of Evergrande Group, but a binding agreement was not signed.

NEVS was in talks with venture capital firms late last year to find new owners as its Chinese parent struggled under more than $300 billion of debt.

Sono, founded in 2016 in Munich, is developing a fully-electric vehicle with solar cells integrated into the body, boosting the car's range by an average of 112 kilometres per week beyond the 305-kilometre range of its battery.

Valmet Automotive, whose largest shareholders include China's battery cell manufacturer CATL, also produces cars for Mercedes-Benz and makes battery modules at two plants in Finland, with a third opening in Germany this year.

Sono, which began trading on the NASDAQ in November to try to attract early-stage investors after finding itself on the brink of insolvency, is currently working to validate its mass production plans with vehicles being built in Germany.

It expects to produce a low four-digit volume of cars in its first year, with a view to ramping up to 43,000 a year, it said.

The net price of Sono's vehicle, currently 23,950 euros ($26,271), will rise to 25,126 euros once the company hits 18,500 reservations from the around 17,000 registered so far, it said, citing rising manufacturing costs.

The company aims to keep costs down by offering just one model, relying on third-party production and using off-the-shelf components from suppliers including Vitesco and Hella GmbH, it said in a November regulatory filing.

($1 = 0.9117 euros)

(Reporting by Victoria Waldersee; Editing by Madeline Chambers and Mark Potter)

World’s Biggest Solar Firm Sees Profits Cut by Power Price Hike

(Bloomberg) -- Longi Green Energy Technology Co., the world’s largest solar company, said its profits will be cut by higher power costs at one of its key manufacturing hubs in China.

Yunnan province, home to 54% of the company’s wafering capacity, canceled the preferential electricity prices it had been offering Longi since 2016, the firm said in an exchange filing Tuesday. Wafers are the ultra-thin slices of polysilicon that get wired up and assembled into solar panels, and Longi is the world’s biggest producer of them, according to BloombergNEF. 

Longi didn’t say how much higher its power bill will be now that it has to pay market rates in the province. Electricity accounts for about 12% of wafer productions costs, and Longi enjoyed a 50% discount on power prices over one of its main rivals, BNEF said in a March 2020 report. 

Higher costs for Longi are coming in the midst of a rare period of inflation for the solar supply chain. Wafers are about 76 cents a piece, up from 30 cents in the middle of 2020. Still, solar power cost increases have been small compared to ballooning coal and gas prices, and new solar installations in China tripled in January and February compared to last year.

Electricity prices in China have been under pressure since last year, when a shortage of coal forced grids to curtail power to industrial users throughout most of the country. The government used the crisis to push through market reforms that allows utilities to charge more to large factories when coal prices rise. 

Longi also said that Yunnan’s decision on power rates risks changing the company’s plans for expansion in the province. 

©2022 Bloomberg L.P.

World's fossil fuel assets risk evaporating in climate fight


As much as $4 trillion in fossil fuel assets could goe up in smoke by 2050 in the fight against climate change, according to UN experts (AFP/INA FASSBENDER) (INA FASSBENDER)

Julien MIVIELLE
Tue, April 5, 2022, 9:04 AM·4 min read

Oil platforms, pipelines, coal power plants and other fossil fuel assets could lose trillions of dollars in the battle against climate change in the coming decades, experts say.

The warning was issued in a 3,000-page report by UN experts who said fossil fuel assets must be retired and replaced with clean energy faster to mitigate financial losses.

Such assets will become "stranded" and worth less than expected because they may never be used since fossil fuel demand must fall in the near future to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

Limiting warming to the aspirational 1.5 degree Celsius target in the Paris Agreement, or the more conservative 2C goal, "will strand fossil-related assets", said the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its latest report Monday.

"The combined global discounted value of the unburned fossil fuels and stranded fossil fuel infrastructure has been projected to be around 1–4 trillion dollars from 2015 to 2050 to limit global warming to approximately 2C, and it will be higher if global warming is limited to approximately 1.5C," the IPCC said.

Any move to alleviate the impact of climate change means using less fossil fuel, thus rendering assets obsolete as companies are under pressure to move away from harmful energy production.

The IPCC said that if current oil, gas and coal energy infrastructure were to operate for their designed lifetime -- without technology to capture and store carbon -- capping global warming at the 1.5C target would be impossible.

It said nations should stop burning coal completely and cut oil and gas use by 60 and 70 percent respectively by 2050 to keep within the Paris deal goals, noting that both solar and wind were now cheaper than fossil fuels in many places.

The idea of "stranded assets" dates back to the 2010s and was put forward by think tank Carbon Tracker.

Companies could be further affected by governments taking decisions such as increasing the price of coal or even banning certain energies.

Consumers could also turn to other products like electric vehicles.

Other assets impacted include infrastructure such as drilling platforms, which have become useless quicker than expected.

Some fossil fuel reserves will become too costly to exploit due to falling prices.

- Risky bets -


For the IPCC, coal-related assets are the most vulnerable before 2030, than those that are oil- and gas-related towards mid-century.

The idea of stranded assets, taken up by both environmentalists and investors, has gained popularity and has been used in shareholder meetings of energy companies such as ExxonMobil or TotalEnergies.

The climate issue has in fact become central to some companies, even if it has taken three decades after the IPCC's creation in 1988.

"It's really the financial risk that originally created this spark, which took a long time," said Hugues Chenet, research associate at Polytechnique and the University College London.

That "convinced financial actors there was a problem."

The idea of "stranded assets" -- which Chenet prefers to call "obsolete" -- has made it possible to pinpoint a "contradiction".

There is one "path that says we must live without fossil fuels, facing an economy that is rather more geared up to do the opposite".

Lucie Pinson of NGO Reclaim Finance, who does not find the climate commitments of major companies like TotalEnergies credible, also pointed out the inconsistency.

"We can see that (TotalEnergies) doesn't believe in its own (climate) rhetoric, because if it believed it, it would not develop projects which have no future," she added.

- Revenue losses -

It's decision time for countries which get revenue from fossil fuels.

From Azerbaijan to Angola to Nigeria and Saudi Arabia, oil producers risk losing a significant amount of their revenue over the next 20 years, warned Carbon Tracker.

But "if they continue to invest, you're betting on the failure of policy action on climate but you're also betting on the failure of renewables and other low carbon technologies to displace oil and gas", said Carbon Tracker's Mike Coffin, who calls on countries to diversify.

Another risky bet would be to ignore acting against climate change, hoping to make profits from oil and gas.

But "you'll lose way more on all your other assets when you've got forest fires, global migrations, famine," he said.

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More Than Half of the Working Day Is Spent Kinda, Sorta Working


BC-More-Than-Half-of-the-Working-Day-Is-Spent-Kinda-Sorta-Working

(Bloomberg) -- The pandemic has forever altered many aspects of work, but there’s one thing it hasn’t changed -- how much time we spend just shuffling paper around.

White-collar workers devote more than half their day to “work coordination,” which includes following up on things, searching for information and communicating about work, according to a survey by business software maker Asana Inc. While there are regional differences -- Germans devote a bit less of their day to such mundane tasks than Americans -- the results are broadly similar across the globe: Only about a third of the workday is spent doing what we were actually hired to do, and that hasn’t changed much since 2019.

“The workday has become complex enough that we have to spend more time just managing work and a host of competing priorities rather than actually doing work,” said Melissa Swift, U.S. transformation solutions leader at workforce consultant Mercer. “Many, many meetings are wholly performative.” 

The global survey of more than 10,600 so-called knowledge workers -- data analysts, graphic designers and the like -- also found that the amount of time spent on strategy, or planning ahead, declined to 9% last year from 13% in 2019. That’s due in part to the difficulties of getting disparate, often asynchronous teams together at the same time, Asana said.

But it could also be because many companies found long-term forecasting difficult amid a global pandemic and its impact on office life.

“The decline in strategic work was striking,” Anne Raimondi, Asana’s chief operating officer, said in an interview. “Leaders have been much more in reaction mode lately.”

While more than half of the working day is soaked up by nonessential tasks, variations do exist around the globe. Germans devote more of their day to doing their actual job than other nationalities, but they also spend the least amount of time on strategic planning. Workers in Japan and Singapore, meanwhile, led the pack with 10% of their time going to strategy, but those two nations also spent the most time coordinating work.  

Swift, the Mercer consultant, said companies have tried to reduce the amount of time spent on coordination, without much success. The number of meetings, for example, increased by 70% during the pandemic, according to Reclaim.ai Inc., which makes an app that syncs calendar programs. Neither Mercer nor Reclaim.ai was involved in the Asana survey.

“It’s tricky,” Swift said. “Folks are genuinely loath to admit they’re doing performative work with literally zero value.”

©2022 Bloomberg L.P.



EU Push For Global Minimum Tax Falters Again As Poland Blocks


European Union (EU) flags fly outside the Berlaymont building in Brussels, Belgium, on Friday, Dec. 18, 2020. Britain’s chief Brexit negotiator, David Frost, warned progress in the talks has been “blocked and time is running out” as leaders from both sides played down expectations a deal will be reached. Photographer: Olivier Matthys/Bloomberg

(Bloomberg) -- The European Union stumbled again in its attempt to quickly implement a global deal for a minimum corporate tax at 15% as Poland continued to block progress. 

The Polish government is increasingly isolated in its opposition to an EU directive on the matter. That’s after Sweden and Estonia dropped their opposition at a meeting in Luxembourg on Tuesday after winning some concessions on implementation and flexibility. 

Speaking at the meeting, Poland’s secretary of state and head of the revenue administration Magdalena Rzeczkowska said there still isn’t a legally binding mechanism to tie the implementation of the minimum tax to the other part of the global deal, which is related to the treatment of multinational technology firms. 

“We must sustain our goal of fully introducing the global two-pillar solution,“ Rzeczkowska said. “We do not support separation of the two pillars in the EU.”

Poland has in the past threatened to wield its veto powers. It did so most notably over the EU’s plan to radically cut greenhouse gas emissions, after Brussels refused to approve its share of post-pandemic stimulus package due to a separate dispute around the country’s alleged democratic backsliding.

The inertia on implementing minimum tax is particularly vexing for France, which has set an objective of getting a deal by the end of its EU presidency in June. French officials have introduced concessions to Poland to make a stronger link in Europe between the two parts of the global deal which around 140 countries including all EU states backed last year. 

“Poland’s criticisms have been taken into account and all member states have made an effort to get to this consensus to make major progress for international tax,” French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said. “I regret that Poland doesn’t understand this and puts forward arguments that are not convincing.” 

 

©2022 Bloomberg L.P.

Soldiers police Lima curfew after fuel price protests


Carlos MANDUJANO
Tue, 5 April 2022,

Some protesters set fire to toll booths on highways, looted shops, and clashed with police (AFP/Gian MASKO)


Protesters blocked the Pan-American highway, the country's most important transport and traffic artery snaking north to south 
(AFP/Ernesto BENAVIDES)


President Pedro Castillo called for 'calm and serenity' after the sometimes violent protests
 (AFP/Gian MASKO)


Protesters also burnt tires to block key routes 
(AFP/Gian MASKO)

Soldiers patrolled the largely empty streets of Peru's capital Lima Tuesday, monitoring a curfew imposed after widespread protests against rising fuel and toll prices amid growing economic hardship.

Shops and schools were closed and bus services mostly suspended after President Pedro Castillo announced a curfew shortly before midnight Monday for Lima and the neighboring port city of Callao.

But many workers, at hotels or hospitals for example, ignored the shut-down which was widely criticized on social media.

The measure took many in Lima by surprise, given that most of the protests in recent days -- some of which turned violent -- took place far from the capital.

Many had no choice but to take a taxi or walk to their place of work.

"It was a very late and improvised" announcement, complained Cinthya Rojas, a nutritionist who waited patiently for one of the handful of buses still running to get to work at a hospital east of Lima.

A hotel employee told AFP she had to pay the equivalent of $8, a small fortune on her salary, for a taxi to work.

- Soaring food prices -


Castillo announced the curfew would last until midnight Tuesday "to reestablish peace" after countrywide protests against fuel and toll price increases on top of biting food inflation.

Like much of the rest of the world, Peru's economy is reeling from the damages wrought by the coronavirus pandemic.

The country's Consumer Price Index in March saw its highest monthly increase in 26 years, driven by soaring food, transport and education prices, according to the national statistics institute.

In an attempt to appease protesters, the government over the weekend eliminated the fuel tax and decreed a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage from May 1.

But the General Confederation of Workers of Peru (CGTP) -- the country’s main trade union federation -- considered the measures insufficient and took to the streets again Monday in Lima and several regions in Peru's the north.

Some protesters set fire to toll booths on highways, looted shops, and clashed with police.

Some also burnt tires and blocked the north-south Pan-American highway, the country's most important artery for people and goods.

The disruptions halted public transport and closed schools on Monday.

"I call for calm and serenity," the leftist president said during his brief late-night TV appearance.

"Social protest is a constitutional right, but it must be done within the law," he said.

- 'Authoritarian measure' -


The protests were the first against the government since Castillo, a 52-year-old former rural school teacher, took office eight months ago.

Two-thirds of Peruvians disapprove of his rule, according to an Ipsos opinion poll in March.

Castillo's announcement of a curfew came just a week after he escaped impeachment by Congress, where opponents accuse his administration of a "lack of direction" and of allowing corruption in his entourage.


It also coincided with the 30th anniversary of a coup staged by ex-president Alberto Fujimori, jailed over his regime's bloody campaign against insurgents.

"The measure dictated by President Pedro Castillo is openly unconstitutional, disproportionate and violates people's right to individual freedom," tweeted lawyer Carlos Rivera, a representative of Fujimori's victims.

Political analyst Luis Benavente added the curfew was "an authoritarian measure" that revealed "ineptitude, incapacity to govern."

"It is like putting an end to traffic accidents by taking vehicles off the roads," he told AFP.

A large proportion of Lima's 10 million residents work in the informal sector, as street sellers and other traders, meaning the curfew left them without income for the day.

A football match of the Copa Libertadores between Peruvian Club Sporting Cristal and Brazil's Flamengo, scheduled for Tuesday night in Lima, was also thrown into doubt.

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