Showing posts sorted by relevance for query HIJAB. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query HIJAB. Sort by date Show all posts

Sunday, October 02, 2022



Iran’s Mahsa Amini hijab
 protests a lesson for Indonesia against radical Islam, activists say

Resty Woro Yuniar - Yesterday 


Outrage over Iran's hijab laws after a woman's death have sparked fears Indonesia could face a similar fate amid a rise in religious fundamentalism
Analysts say especially concerning is the growing grip of Wahhabism, which promotes a narrow view of Islam, across Indonesian institutions and regions

The spiralling unrest in Iran over a young woman's death is a cautionary tale for Indonesia, say rights activists in the world's largest Muslim-majority nation, where women face hundreds of systemic rules making headscarves obligatory.

At least 40 demonstrators have reportedly been killed across Iran after Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish woman, was arrested in Tehran by so-called morality officers for allegedly improperly wearing her hijab, the Muslim headscarf for women. She died in custody amid rumours she had been beaten to death.

Some women have burned their hijabs and cut their hair short as an act of defiance, as protests spread across the Middle East and as far as Europe and North America. In Indonesia, online commentators have expressed solidarity with Iranian women, while also warning the Southeast Asian nation could face the same fate if religious fundamentalists are not reined in.

Do you have questions about the biggest topics and trends from around the world? Get the answers with SCMP Knowledge, our new platform of curated content with explainers, FAQs, analyses and infographics brought to you by our award-winning team.

Will West Sumatra's new law lead to more Islamic conservatism in Indonesia?

"I think all regulations that make the hijab mandatory in Indonesia must be revoked, if we don't want to copy the mistakes of the Iranian government, as well as the Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan governments," said Andreas Harsono, a Jakarta-based researcher with Human Rights Watch.

"Women are free to wear the hijab; we don't need to enforce it. Women who don't wear the hijab should be afforded the same respect as those who wear it. It's an individual choice," added Harsono, who has studied hijab rules in Indonesia extensively.

While Muslim women in Indonesia are obliged to wear the religious headscarf in various places and on occasions, the phenomenon was relatively recent, he noted.

The first time Indonesia passed a regional-level law mandating the hijab was in 2001, three years after a people-led revolution toppled Suharto.

The dictator took steps to repress Islam during the initial parts of his 32-year regime because he viewed the religion as a threat to national unity. He went as far as banning hijabs in secular state schools in 1982, "as a response to the 1979 revolution in Iran that made hijab mandatory for women there", Harsono said.

As Iran's anti-hijab protests escalate, diaspora reflects on 'terrible memories'

The Iranian revolution had led to the ousting of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who sought to replace Islamic laws and norms with Western ones, including banning traditional Muslim attire.

As opposition towards Suharto's policies grew however, he made a U-turn in the 1990s, courting large Muslim groups and approving the establishment of the Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals. In 1991, he also allowed students to wear the hijab at schools. The Suharto family also went to Mecca to carry out the haj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage, while his eldest daughter began donning a headscarf from 1989.



Women in Jakarta, Indonesia, queue to receive Covid-19 vaccine shots in 2021. Photo: Reuters© Provided by South China Morning Post

The attempts to repress Islam in Iran and Indonesia often lead to comparisons of how hijab-wearing has evolved in the two states.

"There are some parallels between Indonesia and Iran in this respect. If you compare the regimes of the Shah and Suharto, they were repressing Islam and Islamic identity," said Julia Suryakusuma, director of the Gender and Democracy Center at the Jakarta-based Institute for Research, Education and Information on Economy and Social Affairs.

"When the people were fighting against the Shah, non-conservative women were wearing the hijab just as a symbol of protest," she said. "Under Suharto, the military regime was smarter because they befriended political Islam. The Suharto regime gave signs it was friendly towards Islam."

But even as Indonesia continued being mostly secular before the turn of the 21st century, Islamic fundamentalism started emerging in the 1980s due to the spread of Saudi-funded religious schools, which teach Wahhabism in their curriculum, Suryakusuma said.

Wahhabism is a puritanical movement that promotes a narrow view of Islam, including that women must wear the hijab.



Thousands of schools in Indonesia make it compulsory for female students, even those who are not Muslim, to wear a headscarf. File photo: AFP© Provided by South China Morning Post

Today, 24 out of Indonesia's 34 provinces have hijab mandates at schools, government institutions, or public places, Harsono said. He estimated around 135,000 schools in these provinces require their female students to wear hijab, whether they are Muslim or not.

There are also 64 government regulations, with two on the national level, that make hijabs compulsory for students and civil servants. Those who do not comply could face expulsion or dismissal, he said.

Women who do not wear hijabs are also often harassed or bullied into submission, activists have noted.

"The enforcement to wear the hijab in Indonesia occurs in closed spaces, in the form of symbolic violence within the family or office. Women who are not veiled are bullied so that they will soon wear the veil," says Kalis Mardiasih, a female Muslim writer and activist of diversity and gender equality in Islam.

Indonesian women face bullying for not wearing hijabs: rights group

Nevertheless, activists believe that any resistance to hijab rules in Indonesia is unlikely to blow up into nationwide protests such as those in Iran, as the state encourages the empowerment and participation of women in many sectors, including politics.

Save for the ultraconservative Aceh province, Indonesia also does not have any state-sanctioned morality police departments to enforce hijab rules.

However, the increasing grip of Wahhabism among the country's Muslims opens grounds for concern as more institutions and regions become more conservative, Suryakusuma said.

"In Indonesia, we have had Wahhabism for quite a while and it's quite worrying because it has managed to infiltrate universities, schools, and the military," she said.

"Indonesia is not like Iran. But extremist Islam threatens the sovereignty of the state, as the radicals don't necessarily believe in the law of the state. That's why we should pay attention to what is happening in Iran, because it could happen here."

This article originally appeared on the South China Morning Post (www.scmp.com), the leading news media reporting on China and Asia.

Copyright (c) 2022. South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

Saturday, February 12, 2022


Indian Muslim students say hijab ban forces choice of religion or education



By Sunil Kataria

UDIPI, India (Reuters) - Ayesha Imthiaz, a devout Indian Muslim who considers wearing a hijab an expression of devotion to the Prophet Mohammad, says a move by her college to expel hijab-wearing girls is an insult that will force her to chose between religion and education.

"The humiliation of being asked to leave my classroom for wearing a head scarf by college officials has shaken my core belief," said the 21-year-old student from southern Karnataka's Udupi district, where protests over the head covering ban began.

"My religion has been questioned and insulted by a place which I had considered as a temple of education," she told Reuters.

"It is more like telling us you chose between your religion or education, that's a wrong thing," she said after studying for five years at the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial college in Udupi.

Several Muslim girls who protested the ban had received threatening calls and were forced to stay indoors, she added.

College officials say students are allowed to wear the hijab on campus and only asked them to take it off inside the classroom.

Udupi is one of three districts in Karnataka's religiously sensitive coastal region, which is a stronghold of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The stand-off has increased fear and anger among minority Muslims, who say the country's constitution grants them the freedom to wear what they want. Protests over the ban have escalated, with hundreds demonstrating this month in Kolkata and Chennai.

Last week, a judge at the state's high court referred petitions challenging the ban to a larger panel.

The issue is being closely watched internationally as a test of religious freedom guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.

The U.S. Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) on Friday said the hijab bans "violate religious freedom and stigmatize and marginalize women and girls."

In response, India's foreign ministry on Saturday said outside comments over internal issues were not welcome and the matter was under judicial review.

Imthiaz and six other Muslim girls protesting the ban say they are determined to fight for their religious freedom in the face of some hardline Hindu students and even some of their friends.

"It is really hurtful to see our own friends going against us and telling 'I have a problem with you wearing the hijab'...its affected our bonds and mental health," Imthiaz said.

(Writing by Rupam Jain; Editing by Lincoln Feast.)


India says 'motivated comments on internal issues not welcome' after criticism on Hijab ban

 
Published February 12, 2022 - 
Muslim women hold placards as they take part in a demonstration in Kolkata
 on Friday to protest after students at government-run high schools in India's
 Karnataka state were told not to wear hijab in the premises of the institute. — AFP

As the controversy and protests over banning hijab in schools continued in India, drawing condemnation from Pakistani and US officials, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on Saturday said "motivated comments on our internal issues are not welcome".

In a short statement issued on Twitter, the spokesperson for the ministry, Arindam Bagchi, said, "A matter regarding dress codes in some educational institutions in the state of Karnataka is under judicial examination by the Honourable High Court of Karnataka. Our constitutional framework and mechanisms, as well as our democratic ethos and polity, are the context in which issues are considered and resolved."

In an apparent reference to the US, the spokesperson added, "those who know India well would have a proper appreciation of these realities. Motivated comments on our internal issues are not welcome."

The issue grabbed headlines last month when a government-run school in Karnataka's Udupi district barred students wearing hijab from entering classrooms, triggering protests outside the school gate. More schools in the state followed with similar bans, forcing the state's top court to intervene.

However, the issue shot into the spotlight and garnered reactions from celebrities and politicians in India and Pakistan after a video of a hijab-clad student being heckled and jeered at by a mob of Hindutva supporters in Karnataka surfaced on social media.

Read: Hindutva 'unveiled' as RSS mob heckles hijab-clad Muslim girl in India's Karnataka state

Pakistan had also summoned the Indian envoy and conveyed the government's "grave concern and condemnation on the deeply reprehensible act" of banning Muslim students from wearing hijab in Karnataka.

In addition, 'Solidarity Day with Indian Daughters' was observed on Friday across the world, on a call by the Pakistan Ulema Council and International Islamic Conference, according to a report by Radio Pakistan.

A day earlier, the United States Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, Rashad Hussain, criticised the hijab ban, saying the Indian state "should not determine permissibility of religious clothing".

"Religious freedom includes the ability to choose one's religious attire ... Hijab bans in schools violate religious freedom and stigmatise and marginalise women and girls," he added.

Earlier this week, the Karnataka High Court told students not to wear any religious clothing until it delivers a verdict on petitions seeking to overturn a ban on hijab in schools.

The court is considering petitions filed by students challenging the ban that some schools have implemented in recent weeks.

"We will pass an order. But till the matter is resolved, no student should insist on wearing religious dress," the Press Trust of India news agency quoted Karnataka High Court Chief Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi as saying.

The advocates appearing for the petitioners objected to the interim order, saying it amounts to "suspension of our rights", according to The Wire. But the court said it was a matter of a few days and adjourned for the day.

Keep religion out of schools, says actor Hema Malini on Karnataka hijab ban


IMAGES STAFF

The actor and BJP politician's statement on "respecting uniform codes" isn't sitting well with a lot of people.
Photo: Hema Malini/Instagram

A government-run high school in the Indian state of Karnataka issued a hijab ban on campus last month which then caught on to other schools in the district, causing an uproar. This led to intense protests by hijab proponents and opponents and the situation became so serious, that authorities issued an order for schools to shut down. The row hit its peak point when a hijabi woman Muskan stood up to the right-wing extremists and now the ongoing debate has a new addition — BJP MP Hema Malini has spoken on the matter, favouring the anti-hijab perspective.

The actor and politician said, "Schools are for education and religious matters should not be taken there. Every school has a uniform that should be respected. You can wear whatever you want outside the school."

It seems like Malini is trying to employ a secular viewpoint but netizens were quick to point out that students wear bindi [coloured dot worn on the forehead], turbans and crucifix necklaces and no one bats an eye. This primarily leads to the inference that this is discriminatory behaviour, targeting a specific group.

The main point here is that the hijab is not a fashion statement — it's a part of some Muslims' every day lives and to tell them to take it off in school translates into religious intolerance.

Several netizens were quick to oppose the BJP MP's comments.

Recently, a young woman named Muskan showed great courage against some right-wing extremists who were protesting against hijab at her college. The swarm of men wearing saffron scarves saw this burqa-clad woman and starting shouting "Jai Shri Ram" at her and making obscene signs to which she responded with equal sheerness, screaming "Allahu Akbar". The video of the exchange went viral on social media and Muskan's reaction won hearts all over Pakistan, it was even applauded by celebrities.

SEE LA REVUE GAUCHE - Left Comment: Hinduism Is Fascism 

Monday, February 14, 2022

US will support India’s rise and regional leadership: Joe Biden

This is part of the administration’s strategic vision for the region that the United States believes will shape the trajectory of the 21st century
DESPITE ITS HINDU NATIONALIST VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTSJoe Biden.

Anita Joshua   |   New Delhi   |   Published 13.02.22, 01:15 AM

The US will support India’s “continued rise and regional leadership” as part of its Indo-Pacific strategy to firmly anchor Washington in the region facing China’s “harmful behaviour”, the Joe Biden administration announced on Friday.

This is part of the administration’s strategic vision for the region that the US believes will shape the trajectory of the 21st century.

Of the view that the prosperity of everyday Americans is linked to the region, the Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States document says that “American interests can only be advanced if we firmly anchor the United States in the Indo-Pacific and strengthen the region itself, alongside our closest allies and partners”.

The document added that the intensifying focus was due in part to the challenges posed by China.

“The PRC (People’s Republic of China) is combining its economic, diplomatic, military, and technological might as it pursues a sphere of influence in the Indo-Pacific and seeks to become the world’s most influential power. The PRC’s coercion and aggression spans the globe, but it is most acute in the Indo-Pacific.

“From the economic coercion of Australia to the conflict along the Line of Actual Control with India to the growing pressure on Taiwan and bullying of neighbours in the East and South China Seas, our allies and partners in the region bear much of the cost of the PRC’s harmful behaviour,” the strategy document says.

Elaborating on how the US plans to support India’s continued rise and regional leadership, the document states: “We will continue to build a strategic partnership in which the United States and India work together and through regional groupings to promote stability in South Asia; collaborate in new domains, such as health, space, and cyber space; deepen our economic and technology cooperation; and contribute to a free and open Indo-Pacific.

“We recognise that India is a like-minded partner and leader in South Asia and the Indian Ocean, active in and connected to Southeast Asia, a driving force of the Quad and other regional fora, and an engine for regional growth and development.”

The Quad is an axis formed by India, the US, Australia and Japan.

Briefing journalists on the new strategic document, a senior US administration official acknowledged India’s role in the Quad and maintained that it was in a “very different place” compared to the other members. The official had been asked specifically about the possibility of an AUKUS-like defence pact with India. AUKUS is a trilateral security agreement between Australia, the UK and the US.

“India is in a very different place, in many ways, than Australia, than other countries. But India faces very significant challenges. And I think that, you know, China’s behaviour in the Line of Actual Control has had a galvanising impact on India,” the official said.

Underscoring the importance of the partnership with India, which has bipartisan support in the US Congress, the official said: “We see tremendous opportunities in working with another democracy, with a country that has a maritime tradition that understands the importance of the global commons to advance critical issues in the region.”

Hijab ban in Indian state violates religious freedom: US official

US ambassador-at-large for International Religious Freedom slams hijab ban by the southern Indian state, drawing a sharp response from India.

The dispute over hijab erupted last month when a college in Karnataka barred hijab-wearing students from attending classes
[File: Anushree Fadnavis/Reuters]


Published On 12 Feb 2022

A US official has voiced concerns about the controversial banning of the headscarf at schools and colleges in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, prompting a strongly worded rebuttal from New Delhi.

Rashad Hussain, the US ambassador-at-large for International Religious Freedom, said in a tweet on Friday that the hijab ban would stigmatise and marginalise women and girls.

“Religious freedom includes the ability to choose one’s religious attire,” Hussain tweeted.

“The Indian state of Karnataka should not determine permissibility of religious clothing. Hijab bans in schools violate religious freedom and stigmatize and marginalize women and girls.”

On Saturday, India’s external affairs ministry hit back at what it called “motivated comments” on its internal issues, adding that the case was under judicial examination.

“Our constitutional framework and mechanisms, as well as our democratic ethos and polity, are the context in which issues are considered and resolved. … Motivated comments on our internal issues are not welcome,” said ministry spokesman Arindam Bagchi.

The dispute erupted last month, when a group of Muslim students protested after they were barred from entering their college because they were wearing hijab – a headscarf that many Muslim women wear. Since then several other colleges have seen protests both for and against the hijab ban, with Hindu right-wing groups wearing saffron shawls holding protests against hijab.
International reaction

On Tuesday a hijab-wearing Muslim student was heckled by a Hindu far-right mob at a college in Karnataka state, causing outrage.

The news prompted Nobel Prize winner Malala Yousafzai to urge Indian leaders to stop the marginalisation of Muslim women. “College is forcing us to choose between studies and the hijab,” she tweeted on Tuesday.

Manchester United and French international Paul Pogba also expressed concern for Muslim women in Karnataka, sharing a video on Instagram with the caption “Hindutva mobs continue to harass Muslim girls wearing hijab to college in India”. Hindutva is the Hindu supremacist ideology that inspires the governing BJP in India.

Last February, New Delhi reacted sharply to tweets by singer Rihanna and climate change activist Greta Thunberg in solidarity with protesting farmers, saying the celebrities needed “a proper understanding of the issues”. The farmers’ protests lasted for a year until the Modi government repealed three farm laws – the main demands of farmers.

On February 5, the southern state government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) banned clothes that “disturb equality, integrity and public order”.

The Karnataka high court on Thursday deferred its decision in response to a petition filed by a group of Muslim women against the hijab ban.

A three-judge panel will hear the case again on Monday to decide if schools and colleges can order students not to wear the hijab in classrooms. The court, meanwhile, has asked students not to wear hijab in colleges.

Activists have said the hijab ban is part of the BJP’s anti-Muslim agenda and contravened India’s constitution, which guarantees the right to religion to every citizen. Since Modi came to power, attacks against minorities, particularly Muslims, have gone up.

Muslim students earlier told Al Jazeera that the college decision was shocking as they were allowed to attend colleges with their hijab until very recently. They argued the constitution allowed Indians to wear clothes of their choice and display religious symbols.

Activists and opposition leaders have also criticised the Karnataka state for passing anti-conversion law and anti-cow slaughter law last year, which they say is aimed at targeting Christians and Muslims.

Indian Muslim Students Say Hijab Ban Forces Choice Of Religion Or Education

By Sunil Kataria
02/12/22 AT 3:37 AM
Women hold placards during a protest, organised by Hum Bhartiya, against the recent hijab ban in few colleges of Karnataka state, on the outskirts of Mumbai, India, February 11, 2022.
 Photo: Reuters / FRANCIS MASCARENHAS

Ayesha Imthiaz, a devout Indian Muslim who considers wearing a hijab an expression of devotion to the Prophet Mohammad, says a move by her college to expel hijab-wearing girls is an insult that will force her to choose between religion and education.

"The humiliation of being asked to leave my classroom for wearing a head scarf by college officials has shaken my core belief," said the 21-year-old student from southern Karnataka's Udupi district, where protests over the head covering ban began.

"My religion has been questioned and insulted by a place which I had considered as a temple of education," she told Reuters.

"It is more like telling us you chose between your religion or education, that's a wrong thing," she said after studying for five years at the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial college in Udupi.

Several Muslim girls who protested the ban had received threatening calls and were forced to stay indoors, she added.

College officials say students are allowed to wear the hijab on campus and only asked them to take it off inside the classroom.

Udupi is one of three districts in Karnataka's religiously sensitive coastal region, which is a stronghold of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The stand-off has increased fear and anger among minority Muslims, who say the country's constitution grants them the freedom to wear what they want. Protests over the ban have escalated, with hundreds demonstrating this month in Kolkata and Chennai.

Last week, a judge at the state's high court referred petitions challenging the ban to a larger panel.

The issue is being closely watched internationally as a test of religious freedom guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.


The U.S. Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) on Friday said the hijab bans "violate religious freedom and stigmatize and marginalize women and girls."

In response, India's foreign ministry on Saturday said outside comments over internal issues were not welcome and the matter was under judicial review.

Imthiaz and six other Muslim girls protesting the ban say they are determined to fight for their religious freedom in the face of some hardline Hindu students and even some of their friends.

"It is really hurtful to see our own friends going against us and telling 'I have a problem with you wearing the hijab'...its affected our bonds and mental health," Imthiaz said.

(Writing by Rupam Jain; Editing by Lincoln Feast.)

CPJ, rights groups, and publications call for release of Fahad Shah and other Kashmiri journalists


February 14, 2022

Mr. Manoj Sinha
Lieutenant Governor, Jammu and Kashmir
rajbhawan@jk.gov.in
adsecy.rb-jk@nic.in
ps.rb-jk@nic.in

Sent via email

Dear Lt. Governor Manoj Sinha,

We, the undersigned 58 press freedom organizations, human rights organizations, and publications write to request your urgent intervention to secure the immediate release of Fahad Shah, editor of the online news portal The Kashmir Walla, from jail, and the withdrawal of all police investigations launched into his journalistic work.

On February 4, authorities arrested Shah at the Pulwama police station, where he had been summoned earlier that day for questioning. The first information report states that Shah is being investigated for alleged sedition and making statements causing public mischief, and unlawful activities under the anti-terror Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Prior to his arrest, police had questioned Shah regarding The Kashmir Walla’s coverage of a gunfight between government forces and militants.

Shah is well known to many in South Asia and around the world as a journalist of high integrity. His writing for The Nation magazine was recognized at the 2021 Human Rights Press Awards. His reporting on events in Jammu and Kashmir is a public service, not a crime, and should be protected under Indian law.

We also urge you to arrange the immediate release of other detained Kashmiri journalists– Sajad GulAasif Sultan, and Manan Gulzar Dar – all of whom, like Shah, have been jailed under anti-terror or preventative detention laws in apparent retaliation for their work.

Since the abrogation of Jammu and Kashmir’s political autonomy in August 2019, press freedom and rights groups have documented numerous incidents of detentions and threats to journalists in the region. In view of this, the release of Fahad Shah and other arbitrarily detained journalists is a critical step to prevent further criminalization of the profession in Jammu and Kashmir.

We urge you to ensure that authorities drop their retaliatory investigations into all four journalists, withdraw any unwarranted charges brought against them, and allow Kashmiri members of the press to work freely without facing detention, harassment, and other forms of government reprisal.

Signed:

Alliance for a Secular and Democratic South Asia

Ambedkar King Study Circle

Ambedkar International Center

Aotearoa Alliance of Progressive Indians

Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha

Boston South Asian Coalition (BSAC)

Committee Against Assault on Journalists (CAAJ)

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)

Council on Minority Rights in India (CMRI)

C19 People’s Coalition

Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma

Digipub News India Foundation

Forum Against Oppression of Women, Mumbai

Foundation The London Story

Free Press Unlimited

Free Speech Collective

Friends of India, Texas

German Indian Alliance for Peace

Global South Against Xenophobia

Himal Southasian

Hindus for Human Rights

Human Rights Law Network

Human Rights Watch

The Humanism Project

India Solidarity Germany

Indian American Muslim Council

Indian Federation of Working Journalists (IFWJ)

Indian Journalists Union (IJU)

Insider, Inc.

International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)

International Press Institute

International Solidarity for Academic Freedom in India (InSAF India)

Jammu and Kashmir Journalists Association (JAKJA)

Jacobin

Journalist Federation of Kashmir (JFK)

Justice for All, Canada

Justice for All, USA

Kashmir Working Journalists Association

The Nation

Network of Women in Media, India (NWMI)

Overseas Press Club of America

PEN America

People Against Apartheid and Fascism (PAAF)

Press Club of India

Programme Against Custodial Torture & Impunity (PACTI)

Pulitzer Center

Reporters Without Borders (RSF)

Rural Indigenous Health, Boston

Scottish Indians for Justice

Semillas Collective

Sikh Human Rights Group

South Asian Americans Leading Together (SAALT)

South Asian Journalists Association (SAJA)

South Asia Media Defenders Network (SAMDEN)

South Asia Peace Action Network (SAPAN)

South Asia Solidarity Group

Turbine Bagh


SEE LA REVUE GAUCHE - Left Comment: Search results for HINDUISM IS FASCISM