INSTITUTIONAL RACISM & CLASSISM

Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Quality of Care

David J. Meyers, PhD, MPH¹; Momotazur Rahman, PhD¹; Vincent Mor, PhD^1,2; et alIra B. Wilson, MD, MS¹; Amal N. Trivedi, MD, MPH^1,2

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA Health Forum. 2021;2(6):e210793. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0793

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Key Points

Question  Do Medicare Advantage star ratings, which are generated using data from all enrollees in a plan, reflect the quality experience of racial/ethnic minorities and enrollees with low socioeconomic status (SES)?

Findings  This cross-sectional study of 1 578 564 Medicare Advantage enrollees found that simulated star ratings for persons with lower SES and Black and Hispanic enrollees were substantially lower than ratings for those with higher SES and White enrollees in the same contract. There was little correlation between ratings for each group, and higher-performing plans, as measured by the star rating, had larger racial/ethnic and SES disparities in care.

Meaning  Medicare Advantage star ratings, which are designed to reflect overall performance in a plan, are only modestly associated with quality for racial/ethnic minorities and enrollees of low SES in the same plan.

Abstract

Importance  Medicare Advantage (MA) plans, which disproportionately enroll racial/ethnic minorities and persons with socioeconomic disadvantage, receive bonus payments on the basis of overall performance on a 5-star rating scale. The association between plans’ overall quality and disparities in quality is not well understood.

Objective  To examine the association between MA star ratings and disparities in care for racial/ethnic minorities and enrollees with lower income and educational attainment.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This cross-sectional study included 1 578 564 MA enrollees from 454 contracts across the 2015 and 2016 calendar years. Data analyses were conducted between June 2019 and June 2020.

Exposures  Self-reported race and ethnicity and low socioeconomic status (SES) (defined by low income or less than a high school education) vs high SES (neither low income nor low educational attainment).

Main Outcomes and Measures  Performance on 22 measures of quality and satisfaction determined at the individual enrollee level, aggregated into simulated star ratings (scale, 2-5) stratified by SES and race/ethnicity.

Results  A total of 1 578 564 enrollees were included in this analysis (55.8% female; mean [SD] age, 71.4 [11.3] years; 65.8% White; 12.3% Black; 14.6% Hispanic). Enrollees with low SES had simulated stratified star ratings 0.5 stars lower (95% CI, 0.4-0.6 stars) than individuals with high SES in the same contract. Black and Hispanic enrollees had simulated star ratings that were 0.3 stars (95% CI, 0.2-0.4 stars) and 0.1 stars (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.2 stars) lower than White enrollees within the same contracts. Black enrollees had a 0.4-star lower rating (95% CI, 0.1-0.7 stars) in 4.5- to 5-star contracts and a no statistical difference in 2.0- to 2.5-star–rated contracts (difference, 0.3 stars; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.7 stars). Hispanic enrollees had a 0.6-star lower simulated rating (95% CI, 0.2-1.0 stars) in 4.5- to 5-star contracts and no statistical difference in 2- to 2.5-star contracts (difference, −0.01 stars; 95% CI, −0.5 to 0.4 stars). There was low correlation between simulated ratings for enrollees of low SES and high SES (difference, 0.2 stars; 95% CI, 0.03-0.4 stars) and between simulated ratings for White and Black enrollees (difference, 0.4 stars; 95% CI, 0.3-0.5 stars) and White and Hispanic enrollees (difference, 0.3 stars; 95% CI, 0.2-0.4 stars). As the proportion of Black and Hispanic enrollees increased in a contract, racial/ethnic disparities in ratings decreased.

Conclusions and Relevance  In this cross-sectional study, simulated MA star ratings were only weakly correlated with those for enrollees of low SES in the same contract, and contracts with higher star ratings had larger disparities in quality. Measures of equity in MA plans’ quality of care may be needed.

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JAMA Health Forum – Health Policy, Health Care Reform, Health Affairs | JAMA Health Forum | JAMA Network

Big data: IPK researchers double accuracy in predicting wheat yields

LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH

Research News

 

IMAGE: BY INCREASING POPULATION SIZES, AN INTERNATIONAL TEAM OF SCIENTISTS LED BY IPK LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE WAS ABLE TO DOUBLE THE PREDICTION ACCURACY FOR WHEAT YIELD. view more 

CREDIT: IPK/ CHRISTOPH MARTIN

The enormous potential of Big Data has already been demonstrated in areas such as financial services and telecommunications. An international team of researchers led by the IPK Leibniz Institute has now tapped the potential of big data for the first time on a large scale for plant research. To this end, data from three projects were used to increase the predictive accuracy for yield in hybrid varieties of wheat.

"We were able to draw on the largest dataset published to date, which contains information from almost a decade of wheat research and development," says Prof. Dr. Jochen Reif, Head of the Breeding Research Department at IPK. The results, which could herald a new era for plant breeding, have now been published in the magazine Science Advances.

Finally, data on more than 13,000 genotypes tested in 125,000 yield plots were analysed. For comparison: In a breeding programme, plants are tested in 20,000 yield plots every year. "It was clear to us that we would have to increase the population sizes in order to ultimately develop robust predictive models for yield," says Prof. Dr. Jochen Reif, "so in this case it was really once: 'a lot goes a long way'". The effort was worth it, he said. "We were able to double the predictive accuracy for yield in our study."

The research team used data from the two previous projects HYWHEAT (funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Education) and Zuchtwert (funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture) as well as from a programme of the seed producer KWS. Basically, the challenge in such studies is to prepare the information to a uniform quality level and thus enable a common analysis. "Since we were responsible for the designs of the experiments from the start, we were able to plan them in such a way that a small proportion of the same genotypes were always tested across the projects, thus enabling an integrated analysis in the first place," says Prof. Dr. Jochen Reif.

The scientist is firmly convinced that it pays off to use Big Data for plant breeding and research. "We have ultimately worked on the future of all of us", says the IPK scientist. "We have succeeded in showing the potential of Big Data for breeding yield-stable varieties in times of climate change."

According to Prof. Dr. Jochen Reif, the current model study has a significance that goes far beyond one crop type and hopefully heralds a cultural change in breeding. "We were able to show the great benefits of Big Data for plant breeding. However, the possibilities for this are only possible through a trusting cooperation of all stakeholders to share data and master the challenges of the future together."

Ultimately, this is also the entry point for the use of artificial intelligence (AI). "The successful use of AI also stands and falls in plant breeding and research with curated and comprehensive data. Our current study is an important door opener for this path."

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CAPITALI$M IS ADDICTION

Alcohol companies earned billions from underage drinking in 2016

JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS

Research News

 

IMAGE: UNDERAGE DRINKING view more 

CREDIT: RUTGERS CENTER OF ALCOHOL & SUBSTANCE USE STUDIES

PISCATAWAY, NJ - Underage youth consumed $17.5 billion worth, or 8.6 percent, of the alcoholic drinks sold in 2016. Products from three alcohol companies--AB Inbev, MillerCoors and Diageo--accounted for nearly half of youth consumption, according to a new study published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.

Data collected in a landmark study of youth alcohol consumption by brand enabled the authors to calculate the first estimate in nearly 20 years of the monetary value of youth alcohol consumption. And for the first time, they were able to attribute those revenues to specific companies.

"The alcohol industry has said they don't want minors to drink, but when we counted up the drinks, it was clear that they were making billions of dollars from these sales," said co-lead author Pamela J. Trangenstein, Ph.D., assistant professor of health behavior at the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health. "There is a clear disconnect when an industry advocates prevention but then makes billions of dollars from prevention's failure."

Alcohol is the number one drug used among people ages 12 to 20. Although underage consumption has been falling in recent years, alcohol is still responsible for approximately 3,500 deaths per year among people younger than age 21, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"Our prior studies have repeatedly shown that youth are exposed to and influenced by alcohol marketing," said co-author David H. Jernigan, Ph.D., professor at Boston University and co-author on the study. "If alcohol companies are truly committed to preventing youth drinking, they should be willing to put these revenues into an independent agency able to address underage drinking without a conflict of interest."

The Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, the science advisory body for Congress, made that recommendation in their 2003 report on underage drinking. In 2006, Congress passed unanimously the first legislation solely devoted to reducing underage drinking. While that legislation authorized $18 million in spending, Congress has never spent the full amount. In fact, Congress recently made permanent the tax break provided to alcohol companies in the 2017 tax cuts.

"Community coalitions in North Carolina and across the country are constantly begging for dollars to support their work on underage drinking," said Trangenstein. "Our study identifies a clear source for that badly needed funding. Families and communities are paying the price, while big alcohol companies are reaping all the benefits."

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Journal citation: Eck, R. H., Trangenstein, P. J., Siegel, M., & Jernigan, D. H. (2021). Company-specific revenues from underage drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 82, 368-376. doi:10.15288/jsad.2021.82.368

THE SOURCE OF THE PROBLEM IS THE AGE FOR DRINKING 21 

AT 18 YOU CAN VOTE, FUCK LEGALLY, AND DIE IN WAR

HERESY! IN BIG OIL COUNTRY

Opinion: Line 5 dispute reveals Canada still has not learned the key lesson

Author of the article: Calgary Herald
Publishing date: Jun 07, 2021 • 5 days ago • 

A sign at the confluence of Talmadge Creek and the Kalamazoo River warns residents of Marshall, Mich. On July 26, 2010, hundreds of thousands of gallons of oil from a ruptured pipeline operated by Enbridge Inc. spilled into the Kalamazoo. The current debate over Line 5 goes back to this disaster, says columnist Gerry Kruk. Postmedia file

Michigan’s demand that Enbridge close its 68-year-old oil pipeline (Line 5) across the Straits of Mackinac joining lakes Michigan and Huron did not come out of nowhere. It is essentially the fifth “wave” of opposition to Canadian oil pipelines that suddenly erupted in 2010.

The first four cases, of course, were TransCanada’s Keystone XL pipeline, then Enbridge’s Northern Gateway pipeline, followed by TransCanada’s Energy East pipeline and Kinder Morgan’s TransMountain Expansion pipeline.

In the case of Line 5, as in each of these earlier four cases, the opposition initially emerged in local communities along the pipeline and tanker routes which were concerned about what they judged to be the unacceptable risk of disastrous oil spills into cherished regional water bodies. Again, in all five cases, the localized opposition was later joined by national-scale climate-change activists.

The present Michigan Line 5 confrontation vividly illustrates that Canadian corporate and government authorities have still not learned — or perhaps refuse to acknowledge — the key lesson inherent in all of these pipeline controversies. This pivotal lesson is that there tends to be a very powerful and costly “blowback” — reputationally, politically and economically — when organizations responsible for major accidents are judged by impacted publics as having egregiously failed to diligently prevent or reassuringly respond to that preventable risk event.

The reflexive response by Canadian authorities to each wave of pipeline opposition has repeatedly consisted of essentially the same allegations. It is claimed the opposition is the cynical product of well-organized, media-savvy and often U.S.-funded environmental and climate-change extremists intent on destroying Canada’s oilsands industry. This “blockadia” movement is said to be lubricated by self-serving ambitious politicians and public ignorance of the economic benefits and ethical environmental performance of Canada’s oil industry.

These assertions are problematical and self-destructive in their lack of candid self-reflection. They also seek to deflect blame from both the actual trigger for the initial outbreak of opposition in 2010 and from the resulting risk concerns, distrust and outrage that were the driving forces sustaining the opposition over the past decade.

The “trigger” was the catastrophic diluted bitumen pipeline spill from Enbridge’s Line 6B into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan in July 2010. Kalamazoo unleashed a new and frightening risk concern: that spills into waterways of the growing volumes of (sinkable) diluted bitumen were much more damaging and costly than traditional spills of (floatable) conventional light oil. 

This “risk concern” escalated into enduring “distrust” and “outrage” as investigative reports revealed the shocking degree of Enbridge’s pre-accident complacency and carelessness, regulatory non-compliance, secrecy, inadequate training and incompetence, emergency response failures and, generally, its anemic safety culture.

These corporate character issues, combined with the aggravating effect of the unreassuring longer-term response to Kalamazoo by Enbridge and Canadian authorities, constitute an alarming track record that inevitably undermines public confidence. The outrage and “blowback” tend to be even stronger when the negligent organizations are foreign entities invited into and relied upon by the people of the host jurisdiction, in this case, Michigan. Such a corporate reputation of unreliability and untrustworthiness has now come home to roost for Enbridge and Canada in Michigan. This is the case given its responsibility for a pipeline, whether transporting conventional oil or dilbit, that is now understandably viewed as an unacceptable risk to the uniquely important Great Lakes.

Trust is absolutely pivotal to both corporate or government success. Distrust, like trust, is earned, through observed behaviour and manifested attitudes and values. Enbridge and Canada, having claimed like Michigan that safety is their top priority, should put aside their current adversarial legal and public relations strategies and instead engage in sustained interest-based rather than positional negotiations with Michigan. In this way, they can respectfully discuss the issues, cultivate compromises and collaboratively resolve the question of what “acceptable” pipeline risk at the Straits of Mackinac could look like. In this way, Canada could also help to restore its vital relationship with America.

Gerry Kruk has extensive experience as a consultant for stakeholder relations and risk communications for petroleum and pipeline companies operating in Western and Arctic Canada.

UCP ALBERTA SEPARATIST PARTY

Notley asks O'Toole whether he would play ball with Kenney on the equalization referendum;  FIREWALL ALBERTA

Author of the article: Ashley Joannou
Publishing date: Jun 09, 2021 •

Alberta NDP Leader Rachel sent a letter to federal Conservative Opposition Leader Erin O'Toole asking him to weigh in on the province's equalization referendum on Wednesday, June 9, 2021. PHOTO BY GREG SOUTHAM /Postmedia

Alberta NDP Leader Rachel has sent a letter to federal Conservative Opposition Leader Erin O’Toole asking him to weigh in on the province’s equalization referendum by the end of next week.

Alberta MLAs are considering a proposed referendum that would ask municipal election voters this fall if they want to remove part of Canada’s constitution that deals with equalization payments. The province has no ability to actually do that on its own but Premier Jason Kenney says having a clear answer would put the province in a better position to negotiate a better deal with Ottawa.

In a Wednesday letter, Notley asked O’Toole whether he would use his authority if elected prime minister to convene constitutional negotiations.

“It is my view that it is not a matter that should be undertaken lightly, without some clear understanding that there is at least one federal leader who would pursue this objective,” she said.

“To do so would be to raise the ire of a portion of Albertans while at the same time providing no meaningful prospect of securing the outcome they are being asked to choose. In my mind this would be reckless and irresponsible.”

Notley did not send a similar letter to federal NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh.

Speaking to reporters Wednesday afternoon, Notley called the referendum a “cheap political trick”

She said if the goal is to force the federal government to take equalization concerns more seriously, the referendum should be about the formula.

“But that’s not what the referendum is about. The referendum is about completely eliminating the principle of equalization from the Constitution of Canada, an outcome which we know full well cannot and will not be achieved,” she said.

During question period Wednesday, Kenney did not answer a question about whether he knew O’Toole’s position on the issue.

“This government was elected on a platform to give Albertans a direct voice on equalization and we are keeping that promise with a referendum this October,” Kenney said.

ALBERTA

'Unacceptable environmental effects': New federal policy restricts thermal coal

Social 

Move creates new roadblock for planned Vista mine expansion near Hinton, Alta.

Bob Weber · The Canadian Press · Posted: Jun 11, 2021 

The existing Vista mine near Hinton is owned by the U.S. coal giant Cline Group and began shipping coal for export in May 2019. (Bighorn Mining)

The federal government is making it more difficult to develop thermal coal in Canada with a new policy that says all such mines create "unacceptable environmental effects."

The move erects another roadblock for Coalspur Mines and its Vista mine expansion in Alberta, the only such mine in Canada currently before regulators.

Federal Environment Minister Jonathon Wilkinson said the move was made because of the need to stop burning coal for power— the single greatest source of greenhouse gases in the world.

"Phasing out thermal coal is the most critical climate change issue right now," he said.

The policy, released Friday, does not rule out such development.

But approvals will be tough to get.

"The government of Canada considers that any new thermal coal mining projects, or expansions of existing thermal coal mines in Canada, are likely to cause unacceptable environmental effects," it says. "This position will inform federal decision-making on thermal coal projects."

It says the federal cabinet must consider sustainability and climate change in weighing any new projects, regardless of size.

"What we're saying is this is something that does not fit from a public policy perspective," Wilkinson said. "A proponent can continue on through the process, but that's a pretty high bar to surmount."

• Coal company asks court to quash order for federal review of Alberta mine expansion

• Hinton coal mine expansion to be subject to federal environmental review after all

Coalspur's Vista mine expansion project near Hinton, Alta., which would be the largest thermal coal mine in North America, has filed an application to the provincial regulator. Wilkinson has ruled the project should face a federal environmental assessment, although Coalspur is challenging that decision in court.

The company has been informed the new policy will apply to it, Wilkinson said. He added the policy gives more certainty to other companies considering similar projects.

Wilkinson said he believes the new policy lies within federal power despite its impact on natural resources, a provincial jurisdiction.

"We're comfortable this is something within our purview to do," he said. "The vast, vast, vast majority of Canadians would think that this is something that's a no-brainer."

Canada is a founding member of the Powering Past Coal Alliance, a group of countries trying to reduce the use of thermal coal around the globe. Wilkinson said permitting new mines would harm Canada's efforts in that forum.

"We've been the leader in the international community telling other countries that they should be phasing out thermal coal — and then we approve new thermal coal mines? People would say that doesn't make any sense."

Policy doesn't affect metallurgical coal

The new policy does not affect metallurgical coal, the type of coal found in most of the controversial new coal exploration projects in the Alberta foothills.

The federal government has been asked to step in on many of those projects. Wilkinson has until July 1 to decide if he will request a federal assessment for Montem Resource's Tent Mountain mine.

Wilkinson called emissions from steelmaking a different issue.

"[Thermal coal] is a short-term issue," he said.

"Our commitment with other countries is to help them phase out [coal] nine years from now. That's not much time."

Canada has promised to phase out the burning of coal for power by 2030.

Ancient Ukraine

 

   

Trypillia: 7000-year-old civilisation in Ukraine

The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture is one of the of the oldest civilisations in the world and dates back to 5,000 BC.

Since most of its settlements were discovered in the former communist countries in Eastern Europe, many mysteries of this ancient civilisation remain unsolved.

Video Journalist: Valeria Kovtun

Commissioned by: Griesham Taan

BBC Reel

10 JUNE 2021|ARCHAEOLOGY

SEE

Ancient Ukraine

The Trypillian culture of neolithic people in the Ukraine gives further evidence for Maria Gimbutas theory of a matriarchical culture in the region of the Ukraine, Lithuania, and the Southern Blatics. It is important to note that the Trypillian design work on pottery is similar to that of the Celtic Bell Beaker peoples of Central Europe. Which became part of the later Celtic design of the trifoil. These were the early proto-communist societies that Marx and Engels refered to.

G7: Climate protesters target Cornish summit

BBC
Published 1 day ago

About 500 protesters joined the March on the first day of the G7 summit

Hundreds of climate campaigners have staged a protest march targeting the G7 summit.

The activists paraded from St Ives Leisure Centre to the middle of the Cornish town, escorted by police.

They called for immediate action from the G7 world leaders to "address the climate and ecological emergency".

Protests were also held in Falmouth, with climate change campaigners gathered on the beach, playing music and listening to speeches.

The G7 leaders are expected to focus talks on climate change and global coronavirus vaccinations during the three-day event.

Deb from St Just holding a sign with a distinctly Cornish message

At least 500 people joined the parade in St Ives, playing drums and chanting "act now" and "sound the alarm".

Organisers said the protests were in response to the summit nations' "failure to respect the global climate commitments they made in Paris in 2015" and "to urge the leaders meeting at Carbis Bay in Cornwall to act immediately to address the climate and ecological emergency".

Ocean Rebellion activists dressed in blue for the march

Olympic sailor Laura Baldwin joined the protests as a member of Ocean Rebellion - Extinction Rebellion's sea-focused campaign group.

She said: "I've absorbed and understood the dire warnings of the world-leading scientists, academics and David Attenborough.

"As a result I'm terrified for the future of my child and all our children."

Olympic sailor Laura Baldwin joined the protest to highlight climate change's effect on oceans

Ms Baldwin said she was more stressed about the state of the planet than any competition as an Olympian.

She said: "I'm part of Ocean Rebellion because I'm an Olympic sailor and the ocean is where my heart is. I love the water and respect it."

Penny Kent demanded action from G7 leaders "immediately"
Penny Kent, who has travelled from Stroud to take part in the protest, said she was worried for her grandchildren's future.
She said she wanted action from the G7 leaders "immediately".

Inflatable Boris Johnson and Joe Biden were put on rafts in the sea by protesters

Nat Squire, 24, an osteopath graduate who lives in Cornwall, argued the government was not acting ambitiously enough and engaging in "greenwashing".

"They say they're going to do something but they don't have any intention."

A graveyard was mocked up in Falmouth to highlight the dangers of climate change



Falmouth protesters gathered on the beach

Protests were also held in Falmouth, with one family mocking up a graveyard in their front garden.

Other climate change protesters gathered on the beach, playing music and listening to speeches.

On Thursday, seven people were arrested with paint, smoke grenades and loud hailers in a car near the summit site in Carbis Bay.

THE GUARDIAN

Pikachus, politicians and pollution art: how activists are protesting at the G7 summit – video

As world leaders flocked to the G7 summit at Carbis Bay in Cornwall to discuss the Covid pandemic recovery and the climate emergency, activists have also taken the chance to demonstrate to the leaders of seven of the wealthiest global democracies.

From a swarm of 300 drones creating 3D images of endangered species to protesters running around in Pikachu costumes, demonstrators have got creative to get the attention of politicians and the press. Here are some of the most impressive stunts

G7 summit protests – in pictures

 Oxfam campaigners wear costumes depicting the G7 leaders on Swanpool beach near Falmouth. Photograph: Jon Rowley/EPA

Protesters turn out in support of a range of causes as the leaders of Group of Seven nations meet for the forum’s 47th summit in Cornwall

Marching climate activists urge G7 to step up



Issued on: 12/06/2021

The harbour town in southwest England is being used to host a media centre for reporters from around the world Oli SCARFF AFP

Falmouth (United Kingdom) (AFP)

Thousands of environmental campaigners rallied noisily and colourfully Saturday in Cornwall to urge G7 leaders to do far more against climate change and biodiversity loss.

Beating drums and holding placards, up to 2,000 activists from the Extinction Rebellion (XR) pressure group staged a procession through Falmouth -- an hour's drive from the Carbis Bay summit site.

The harbour town in southwest England is being used to host a media centre for reporters from around the world covering the first in-person gathering of the elite group since 2019.

Heightened security stretching around the seaside resort at Carbis Bay, including extensive police checkpoints and Royal Navy vessels offshore, has kept protesters largely out of the world leaders' view.

"I have a grandchild who's one, and I want some life for him when he grows up not affected by climate change and pollution," retiree David Oliver, 62, told AFP as he joined the Falmouth protesters.

Oliver had travelled from northwest England, linking up with family members from other parts of the country to descend on Falmouth.

He said G7 leaders appeared unwilling to make the "radical" sacrifices need to avert catastrophic climate change.

Dozens of demonstrators dressed entirely in red -- representing the accelerating rate of species' extinctions -- led the procession through Falmouth behind a banner reading: "G is for greenwashing."

Others held placards bearing various slogans, including "deeds not words".

- 'Desperately needed moves' -

Falmouth resident Sas Joyce, 42, joined with her nine-year-old son -- who held aloft a sign saying "the sea dies, we die" -- and daughter, aged six.

"We just can't make our voices heard," she complained of perceived continued global inaction on the environment.

The G7 was due to discuss action on climate change and safeguarding global biodiversity on Sunday, laying the groundwork for the UN's pivotal COP26 environmental summit in Scotland in November.

The leaders are expected to debate a pledge to protect at least 30 percent of the world's land and oceans by 2030.

On Friday they met business leaders to discuss ramping up sustainability efforts, at a reception hosted by Queen Elizabeth II and her son Prince Charles at Cornwall's Eden Project, a renowned attraction showcasing the world's ecological riches.#photo1

Despite a raft of recent climate pledges by G7 and other countries, campaigners want more detailed plans to be implemented quicker alongside greater aid for poorer nations.

Activists from UK-based anti-poverty organisation Oxfam posed Saturday as the G7 leaders, wearing papier mache heads and relaxing on deckchairs on a beach in Falmouth to make their point.

"We need to put pressure on the G7 here in Cornwall to do far more to cut their carbon but also to deliver the desperately needed moves to help poor countries in Africa and the rest of the world, who are having to fight climate change right now," said Oxfam's Max Lawson.

© 2021 AFP