Monday, November 04, 2024

My enemy’s enemy

Zarrar Khuhro
Published November 4, 2024
DAWV


AMERICA has allies while its enemies have proxies; America’s allies have governments that must be supported while its enemies have regimes that must be changed.

And right now, in the midst of their jointly conducted genocide, America and Israel have decided, in their infinite wisdom, that this is a ripe time to change the face of the Middle East. Again.

The plan for Gaza has been clear for some time: it involves starving and terrorising the remaining population of Gaza into fleeing their homes and making way for Jewish settlements and a permanent Israeli military evacuation.

But there are plans afoot for Lebanon, too, where both Israel and US feel that the Israeli attack is a perfect opportunity to degrade Hezbollah, while also changing the country’s political landscape. They’re not exactly making a secret of it: in October, State Department spokesman Vedant Patel took a break from his regular genocide apologia to tell reporters that America’s “goal is to get the government and country of Lebanon to a place where it is out of the stranglehold of Hezbollah”.

To achieve that end, the US tasked Amos Hochstein, the US special envoy to the region and a former IDF soldier, to press Lebanon to immediately hold elections despite the Israeli onslaught. Lebanese officials protested that in order to do so, they would have to reconvene parliament and there was no guarantee that Israel would not target that parliament to eliminate politicians they find problematic, given that Hezbollah and its allies control more than half the seats. Would the US guarantee the safety of Lebanon’s parliament? Hochstein had no reply.

Hezbollah’s opponents in Lebanon are sensing an opportunity.

Reportedly, the US is pressing for the head of the Lebanese army, Joseph Aoun, to take charge as president, either through fiat or through an election in which pro-Hezbollah and pro-resistance voters will be disenfranchised thanks to Israel’s forced evacuation of large parts of southern Lebanon where Hezbollah has its strongest support.

The Lebanese army, one should note, evacuated its positions before the Israeli assault, leaving Hezbollah to protest.

Some of Hezbollah’s opponents in Lebanon are also sensing an opportunity: Samir Geagea, the leader of a right-wing Christian party, feels this is the perfect time to push for the disarming of Hezbollah, after which he feels an agreement could be reached with Israel. However, the indiscriminate nature of Israel’s bombing, and the Lebanese people’s own experience with Israeli atrocities mean that this is, for now, seemingly a minority view even in Geagea’s own community.

That hasn’t stopped Lisa Johnson, the US ambassador to Lebanon, from using her position to pursue the agenda of eliminating Hezbollah from the Lebanese political arena and thus providing a clear field for Israel to do as it wishes. Lebanese media has reported her saying to Lebanese politicians that “Israel cannot achieve everything through war; it’s time for you to do your part and launch an internal uprising under the banner of ‘Enough’.”

Chiding them for being “afraid” of Hezbollah, she reportedly said: “Hezbollah has been defeated, its leadership is destroyed, and we are with you, and the entire free world stands by your side.” The Arab states would back such a movement, she added.

Meanwhile there’s Iran, the government of which has been in the target sights of successive US administrations from 1979 onwards. Thus far, all attempts at actual regime change have been unsuccessful but hope springs eternal, especially in the borderline psychopathic circles of US policy-makers and think tanks.

As for who wou­ld lead Iran after the current regi­­me is done and dusted, a very usual suspect has officially thrown his crown into the ring — His Royal Highness Reza Pahlavi, the son of the deposed Iranian Shah, who is going around marketing himself as the perfect ruler of Iran which would then become the most allied ally of Israel and the US in the region.

However, he only has the support of the monarchist elements of the Iranian diaspora and these worthies are, I can assure you, the most unhinged lot you will ever come across in this lifetime. In their hate for Iran’s government, some of them have become the vocal allies of Zionism, going to the extent of calling for the mass killings of their own compatriots if it were to bring their Prince Charming one step closer to power.

Here’s an example: ‘journalist’ Babak Eshagi, who is affiliated with a pro-monarchist Persian news outlet embedded with the Israeli army in Gaza, while recording a piece to camera in the ruins of a Palestinian home, inscribed the slogan of the 2022 Iranian protests ‘women, life, freedom’, on the remains of a wall. These then are the Ahmed Chalabis of today, the genocidal court jesters who would be king.

The writer is a journalist.
X: @zarrarkhuhro


Published in Dawn, November 4th, 2024


Ceasefire charade


DAWN
Editorial 
Published November 4, 2024 

THE convention is that when parties are seeking a cessation in hostilities or a ceasefire, they engage in confidence-building measures that can eventually help silence the guns. However, in Israel’s case, the Zionist state has ‘supported’ American efforts to effect a truce in Lebanon by relentlessly pounding that country.

Beirut, Baalbek and Tyre have been hit in savage bombing raids over the past few days; but these actions are unlikely to convince Hezbollah — Tel Aviv’s Lebanese arch-nemesis — to sue for peace. In fact, Sheikh Naim Qassem, the new Hezbollah leader, taunted the Israelis in a speech after taking office, indicating that the pro-Iran armed group remains defiant. America’s efforts to end the violence in Lebanon and occupied Palestine must also be questioned.

The US talks of peace, while simultaneously arming and funding their Israeli allies as the latter continue to butcher Lebanese and Palestinian civilians. Such ‘peace talks’ led by a biased interlocutor are doomed to fail, and are little more than a charade for public consumption. Moreover, the reported criteria that Tel Aviv has laid out for accepting a ceasefire in Lebanon — particularly allowing it to cross the border at will in pursuit of Hezbollah, thus violating Lebanese sovereignty — will not be a ceasefire, but an instrument of surrender for Beirut.

Both in Gaza and Lebanon, Israel is stuck in a quagmire. Militarily, though it has inflicted damage on both, it has been unable to defeat Hamas or Hezbollah. Rockets and drones continue to fly towards Israeli cities from Lebanon. One of the world’s best-armed militaries — backed by a military superpower and its European supporters — has been unable to defeat two much smaller non-state actors. It is perhaps to erase this ignominy that Israel continues its genocidal war in Palestine and Lebanon. A ceasefire in both theatres is definitely required; only it will take unbiased respected international actors — who do not act as Israel’s B-team — to bring one about.

Published in Dawn, November 4th, 2024



Key takeaways

The real reason to depopulate Gaza and the West Bank; make it a part of ‘Greater Israel’


Arif Hasan
Published November 2, 2024
DAWN



IT is now indisputable that Israel’s mass murder and destruction of Gaza had nothing to do with finishing off Hamas. The real reason was to depopulate Gaza and the West Bank and make it a part of ‘Greater Israel’. It is also clear that the same policy of mass murder and destruction of infrastructure to make Lebanon uninhabitable is being followed so as to annex that country.

Statements of Israeli politicians and diplomats also indicate that they have every intention of occupying Sinai and part of Syria. If they succeed in doing this, they will have fulfilled what Moses promised them in the Old Testament. The Israeli public and politicians firmly believe that what is mentioned in the scriptures is their right — odd for a supposedly secular country and that too in 2024. It is a belief that is also supported by a considerable population of US citizens who are waiting for the second coming of Christ.

It is also clear that the Western powers (the EU, Nato, and the US) have supported Israel’s ambitions by providing it with military equipment, spare parts for military hardware, and/or financial assistance. They have also supported the American vetoes in the Security Council for a ceasefire in the Israeli bombardment of Gaza.

There are other takeaways too. During diplomatic initiatives, both in the UN and at press conferences, the Israelis never mentioned Palestine’s name. In a map presented before the UN, Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, showed not only the Palestinian territories but also Lebanon, parts of Syria and Iraq, Jordan, and parts of Saudi Arabia as a ‘new Middle East’.


The Israelis have been taught to see the Arabs as barbarians.

Large sections of the Western media justified Israel’s destruction of Gaza, saying that this was being done for Israel’s right to exist. Many journalists, who reported otherwise or showed pro-Palestinian leanings, were sacked or coerced into changing their stories. It was only after millions of citizens around the world (including in the West) demonstrated against the war in favour of the Palestinians that media reporting underwent a change.

In addition, Al Jazeera fought a media war against Western propaganda and since it told the truth with images, it emerged as the most watched and believed media on the subject.

Reporting changed when schools and hospitals were destroyed, children were murdered, and food and water were denied to the Gazans, and when homelessness and repeated relocation were forced on the victims of bombardment and the truth could no longer be wished away. As a result, some countries recognised the state of Palestine. This has been considered a victory but Israel has continued bombing and murdering the citizens of Gaza, the West Bank, and now Lebanon.

The Israelis have been taught to consider the Arabs as barbarians and cowards, incapable of protecting themselves. However, the Oct 7 event demonstrated that the Arabs could fight back effectively. The event humiliated the Israelis and much of the ferocity of the Israeli response was the result of being insulted. The Arab response also led to an interest in Arab history and culture in the West. It showed the West that the Arabs had a great history, beautiful music and dance, literature, and that above all, they were a highly educated society and had outstanding people in the social and physical sciences. And then they were almost white, many with light eyes!

One of the aims of the Israelis was to obliterate these out­­-standing people and the educational and health institutions where they were tr­­ai­­ned. In Gaza, they have succee­ded in doing this to a great extent.

A very disturbing development (apart from the genocide) in this conflict is that there is nothing left of international law and its institutions. Policy and election results in the US that has veto powers within the Security Council are also governed by what is known as the ‘Jewish lobby, which controls much of corporate sector investments both globally and in the US.

In addition, it finances prospective and serving Congressmen by supporting their election through huge bribes.

The result is that the US Congress is not only pro-Israel, but also responsible for framing US foreign policy and domestic legislation. US military aid to Israel amounts to roughly $3 billion per year.

Given these figures, it is obvious that the US is subservient to Israel and in light of the present electoral trends will remain so in the foreseeable future. So it will be a long war with the Muslim world, which is torn between ‘pragmatism’ and the pressure exerted for an anti-US policy by its own citizens.

The writer is an architect.
arifhasan37@gmail.com
www.arifhasan.org

Published in Dawn, November 2nd, 2024

Gamification of violence


Sohail Habib 
Published November 4, 2024 
DAWN

ON Aug 28, police station Banr in Swat came under a militant attack in which one policeman lost his life and two others were wounded. Investigations revealed that a tech-savvy group of young militants had used an online video game ‘Player Unknown’s Battlegrounds’, popularly known as PUBG, for this attack. The chat room of this gaming platform was adopted to dodge electronic surveillance and communicate with accomplices both in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In January 2022, militants had carried out a blast in Anarkali, Lahore, killing three persons and injuring dozens. One of the militants, involved in the blast, disclosed during investigations the use of PUBG for recruitment and coordination.

Today, more than three billion people play video games around the world and the global gaming industry is annually generating $200bn in revenues. At the same time, the gamification of violence, where extremists use gaming to encourage violence in non-gaming contexts, is becoming more prevalent in digital playgrounds. For extremist actors, gamification is a gateway for recruitment, propaganda, radicalisation, fundraising and nexus formation. This weaponisation of gaming spaces has become an important concern for multiple reasons.

Firstly, due to a huge global audience, especially children, video games provide an excellent hunting arena for indoctrination. For example, the gaming platform Roblox alone hosts daily more than 26 million children under 13 years. Secondly, the ecosystem of gaming platforms offers complete anonymity, encryption and privacy. Thirdly, these platforms are operating below the surveillance radar of law-enforcement agencies as compared to conventional communication systems.

Fourthly, criminals and extremists use coded language to evade algorithms of technologies used for moderation. Fifthly, live-streaming used for instant broadcast to a wider audience is difficult to detect and discontinue. Sixthly, extremists have developed electronic marketplaces for generating funds. Finally, current online gaming is becoming a forerunner of 3D fully immersive futuristic ‘metaverse’ which will be an attractive virtual battlefield for extremists.


Gaming spaces are amenable to misuse by malign actors.

Popular video gaming platforms like Steam, DLive, Twitch and Discord have historically remained a strong forte of white supremacists. Here, they share right-wing propaganda like, ‘Your skin is your uniform in this battle for the survival’. Features of gaming platforms are exploited in mass shootings too. Anders Breivik, the Norwegian mass shooter who killed more than 77 people in 2011, used World of Warcraftand Call of Duty for training purposes. In 2019, an Australian gym trainer killed more than 50 people in a crowded mosque of Christchurch, New Zealand. He used the video game Fortnite for training and got inspired by the video game Spyro.

In 2018, the British white supremacist David Parnham shared a gamified online reward system for violent acts against Muslims. For example, 25 points were to be awarded for pulling the head-scarf off a Muslim woman; 50 points for throwing acid and 1,000 points for burning a mosque. These online video games are exploited by other militant groups. In 2014, IS released custom-made military simulators (MILSIMs) known as Arma 3 so that gamers could play as virtual insurgents and shoot Westerners. It also introduced the Huroofapp used for teaching alphabets with militaristic vocabulary and illustrations of guns, bullets and rockets.

Although radicalisation is creeping into the digital playgrou­nds, counter-measu­r­­es are still in their in­­fancy due to the huge volume of players in­­volved and under-re­sourced law-enforcement agencies. The lat­­ter deficit is both financial and technological. Not surprisingly, gaming spaces are under-governed. The way forward includes introducing more filters and moderation of gaming spaces to detect prohibited content and implement enforcement measures. Advanced AI technologies need to intercept violent inappropriate live-streaming. Capacity building of law enforcement in cyber-awareness training is warranted to identify malicious actors and detox the cyber-arena from extremist content. Furthermore, empirical studies are needed to understand the nature and magnitude of extremism in gaming sites.

Video-gaming platforms traditionally of­­­­­­­­­fer avenues for two ‘E’s: Entertainment and Education. However, the third ‘E’ of Extremism is encroaching into the digital gaming sphere. This requires more intellectual investment and financial resources to demystify and detoxify this domain. No­netheless, securitising the gaming spaces in not advisable. Rather necessary steps are required to make these less amenable to manipulation by malicious actors.

The writer is a security analyst and academic.

Published in Dawn, November 4th, 2024
Politics of ‘nepo-babies’

POSTMODERN FEUDALISM

PAKISTAN’S politics is still dominated by dynasties and family networks 


Maleeha Lodhi 
Published November 4, 2024


PAKISTAN’S politics is still dominated by dynasties and family networks that manage to retain their grip over the country’s top political offices and a significant number of seats in parliament.

Many lawmakers come from political dynasties and have inherited seats from their parent, spouse or other familial connections. Hereditary politics continues to hold sway, with power distributed among relatives by those who secure high office. The mould of dynastic politics was broken by the rise of PTI, but while its leader was not a dynast, the party included scions of influential political families.

Pakistan is no exception to a phenomenon witnessed across the world — of political families and dynasties dominating the political landscape. What are called political ‘nepo-babies’ are prominent almost everywhere. A political nepo-baby is generally defined as a beneficiary of nepotism — the offspring of someone who achieved high political office and ascends to power by virtue of that. The phenomenon also includes spouses or siblings who succeed in politics due to family connections.

Many countries in Southeast Asia are governed by nepo-babies. Paetongtarn Shinawatra in Thailand, Bongbong Marcos in the Philippines, Hun Manet in Cambodia and Kim Jong Un in North Korea are all children of former rulers who now run their countries. Similarly, Indonesia’s vice president Gibran Rakabuming Raka is the son of former president Joko Widodo. Singapore was ruled for two decades by Lee Hsien Loong, son of Lee Kuan Yew, the country’s founder and first prime minister.

In South Asia, the recently ousted prime minister of Bangladesh, Hasina Wajid owed her political ascent to her father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In India, three prime ministers came from the Nehru-Gandhi family; its scion Rahul Gandhi is now leader of the opposition. Latin America too has had its share of political families. Argentina has seen the PerĂ³ns and Kirchners. Former Uruguay president Jorge Luis Batlle came from a family of three presidents. Honduran President Xiomara Castro de Zelaya is the spouse of an ex-president.

Political dynasties have also been a familiar phenomenon in the West. The Kennedys, Bushes and Clintons are prominent examples in the US. Then there is Justin Trudeau in Canada. In Europe, Estonia’s premier is the daughter of a former prime minister. Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo and Marine Le Pen in France had politically famous parents.

Dynastic politics undermines institutions and the very notion of meritocracy.


The track record of nepo-babies has varied. Some have governed well, others not so. But there is no disagreement that however ‘qualified’ they may be, it is their family name that helped them attain power. Their privileged background gives them an advantage that runs counter to the very notion of a meritocracy. When the political playing field is skewed by their privileged DNA and offers unequal access to other political aspirants that doesn’t make political competition fair or equitable. This has adverse implications for democracy.

A study of ‘Hereditary democracy’ by an Australian scholar Dr James Loxton emphasised its harmful impact on the political system. It found that mediocre leaders are more likely to rise to power when political office is limited to those with family connections in politics. In some cases, they even lack formal qualifications. Voters are also let down because when they elect relatives of famous politicians, they usually assume and expect similarities in leadership qualities or policies.

However, elected progeny or relatives may differ substantially from their predecessors, leading to dashed voter expectations and poor representation. An article published earlier this year in The Economist subtitled ‘Damaging dynasties’, argued that in several Asian countries, dynasts impeded economic growth because their interests and those of their cronies collided with the need for reform. Moreover, dynastic rule inhibits the building of strong institutions as personalities assume an outsized role and seek to dominate institutions, showing impatience with institutional checks on their power. They also prevent institutionalisation of their own political parties.

Why people vote for nepo-babies is an important question but has no uniform answer as political contexts and conditions vary from country to country. Generally speaking, name recognition and people’s familiarity with a well-known personality are important reasons for their support. As also their perception that the parent or relative of the political leader had earlier lived up to their expectations and his/her heir would bring stability. Dynastic leaders are also more prevalent in developing countries which have a political culture where politics is organised around patron-client networks and patronage oils the working of the political system.

While every country with ruling dynasties has specific features, Pakistan’s case is different from others in an important respect. As political interventions by the military have been pervasive throughout Pakistan’s history, it has often chosen to ally with one or the other political dynasty to counter a common political foe.

This has helped to shore up their position and revive their political fortunes even when public support for them has waned. They have also been vehicles to preserve the status quo. The two major political parties headed by dynasties are today favoured and bolstered by the establishment, as they serve as a counterpoise to Imran Khan’s PTI.

The two dynasty-led parties, PML-N and PPP have alternated in power for over four decades (when the military hasn’t assumed overt power). An assessment of how they governed has to be undertaken separately. Noteworthy here is that while the country has moved on, politics is still stuck in the old hereditary mode. Representative politics and the governance system are increasingly misaligned with the social and economic changes that have been reshaping the country’s landscape. These changes include greater urbanisation, shift in economic power from the countryside to the cities, expansion of a more assertive middle class, emergence of a diverse civil society and a more ‘connected’ and informed citizenry, thanks to the spread of technology.

These changes are creating different public expectations and aspirations. The growing middle class wants to see a meritocratic political system free from domination by dynasties that are seen to represent the past, not the future. The key question is whether this growing mismatch between the demands of a rising middle class and family or clan-dominated politics can unleash dynamics that ultimately yield more competent and accountable governance.

The writer is a former ambassador to the US, UK and UN.

Published in Dawn, November 4th, 2024
COP29

A Dangerous Crisis in Climate Governance

Climate is and should be recognised as a national crisis that is threatening the economy and undermining social indicators, writes Aisha Khan.




Aisha Khan
Updated about 4 hours ago



The Conference of Parties (COP) is an annual climate conference that has been held under the auspices of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1995. It is seen as the most effective forum for negotiations on climate issues that require a global consensus on mitigation, adaptation and finance. Since the beginning of this convention, it has been difficult for countries to agree on a mechanism that is acceptable to all, from the cost of energy transition to strengthening the adaptive resilience of vulnerable countries. Every year, the same contentious issues are discussed with grudgingly slow movement in critical areas, plunging middle- and low-income economies into a debt and poverty trap.

Meanwhile, resentment is on the ascendant, polarisation is becoming more acute and people are losing faith in the multilateral system being the best way forward to find just and equitable solutions to the climate crisis. Hope is the only element that keeps people going, but that too is falling victim to despair and delusion. The vacuum is creating space for populist leaders to use uncertainty to inject fear in the minds of people and attract voter appeal for right-wing agendas. The politics of division are threatening to become the new normal. A world confronted by scarcity, and fear of dwindling access to basic provisions and services, is easy for politicians to exploit without providing a roadmap of achievable solutions.

Seen through a wider lens, global climate politics have a way of trickling down to the country level, presenting the same set of problems on a reduced scale.

At the global stage, countries form blocks to challenge each other’s positions on responsibility (both historical and current) for emissions, fight pitched battles on the cost of transition and lock horns on finance for adaptation, loss and damage. The attribution of responsibility, timelines and bearing the cost of transition remain the most contested discussion points.

However, if the focus is narrowed to the country level, the same issues crop up for debate in varying ways, depending on the prevalent institutional arrangement on climate governance. Generally speaking, countries do not talk about the aspect of equity because the truth is often inconvenient and it is not easy to walk the talk of climate justice.

Pakistan is hard hit by climate change. Broadly speaking, the socioeconomic woes afflicting the country are largely due to issues of governance that have failed to put in place a system built on the principles of socioeconomic equity. The hopes and well-being of the common man are not reflected in the governance paradigm. Unsuccessful attempts to control the population growth rate, societal barriers to gender equality and failure to deliver quality health and education have created a glaring gap between the rich and poor, with huge disparities in income and wealth distribution. Economic divisions with stark social divisions along ideological lines are not a good recipe for good governance, but they assume dangerous proportions for a country that is on the frontlines of the climate crisis. The poly-crisis brewing beneath the surface can become more explosive than the crisis triggered by surface changes in temperature. Both need a balancing act to maintain the equilibrium.

Although the UNFCCC platform for negotiations has not delivered results according to the hopes of the Global South, it nevertheless provides the only convening space where negotiations are possible and commitments are made to take the agenda forward. The process has been slow and lugubrious, but it has produced a workable model that can be replicated by countries to address internal climate approaches.

The complexity of managing climate change in Pakistan has increased after the passage of the 18th Amendment.

The remit of the Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination (MoCC&EC) is limited to signing and ratifying international treaties and agreements. It takes no responsibility for the implementation of policies that it makes and holds the sub-national governments responsible for the execution. The sub-national governments, on the other hand, plead inability to implement policies, citing finance, capacity and lack of access to technology as key impediments in the way of implementation. This dichotomy creates a disconnect that is pushing Pakistan to the edge of a precipice. The climate is, and should be, recognised as a national crisis threatening the economy and undermining social indicators. The issue can only be addressed through institutional mechanisms that are transparent, accountable and inclusive.

The Climate Act 2017 provides for setting up a Climate Authority (CA) to address issues of coordination, capacity and resource mobilisation. The CA was not operationalised for seven years and the process has only recently been activated by an order of the Supreme Court.

One of the reasons for the delay in operationalising the CA is the pushback from the MoCC&EC which sees the CA as a parallel power structure that may reduce the role and relevance of the ministry. This conclusion is based on a flawed assumption. With the right choice of chairman and members, the CA can become the technical arm of the ministry, enhancing its profile and expanding its outreach to be more effective at national and international levels. A strong CA will add complementarity to the functions of MoCC&EC through synergistic actions and harmonised outcomes. Working in tandem and moving away from siloed positions is essential to getting work done. The current policy paralysis can be overcome if there is a desire to take action and engage in political forward-thinking.

At present, there is an abundance of policies and a dearth of implementation. In recent years, the pace of climate change has accelerated from a slow-onset event to a palpable threat. The mismatch between promises and action-specific initiatives is widening the trust deficit gap between the people and the government. With high inflation, hunger, thirst and an inability to make ends meet, the public mood is fast souring and the large youth cohort in the country is becoming restless and agitated. This is a governance crisis in the making and climate change is going to act as a threat multiplier, enhancing risks and setting the stage for strife and conflict. It is time to move beyond rhetorical statements to measurable investments for change.

Pakistan needs a structural overhual that puts health, education and women at its centre, build a system that recognises merit and equal opportunity, and an action plan to reduce the alarming population growth rate.

The outcome will yield improved human capital, enhanced opportunity for women and reduced pressure on resources. All of the above are critical for green growth and sustainable development. The days ahead will be difficult with multiple crises compounding the climate crisis, but there is still a window of opportunity to forge a future with fewer losses and stronger capacity for building resilience.

The Paris Agreement was built on a moral mandate. We need a moral compact within the country to reduce the equity gap and put a system in place that is just and inclusive with higher transparency and greater accountability. The time for transition is now. We need to change and walk in step with a world whose algorithms are operating at a different frequency. The answer lies in using existing systems to find workable solutions. The UNFCCC and the Paris Rulebook provide the perfect template for building national approaches which improve vertical and horizontal coordination between the central and sub-national governments. The principle of “common but differentiated responsibility with respective capability” can be used to steer the “agenda of solutions.” Convening an annual in-country conference with MoCC&EC serving as the secretariat and the sub-national governments joining as Parties and preparing Provincially Determined Contributions can go a long way in helping Pakistan meet its Nationally Determined Contributions and Sustainable Development Goals targets.

Aisha Khan is Chief Executive, The Civil Society Coalition for Climate Change. aisha@csccc.org.pk
PAKISTAN

SITUATIONER: LEFT GASPING FOR AIR


Lahore was once known for its gardens. 
Now, its claim to fame is topping the pollution charts.
Published November 4, 2024 
DAWN


• Hazardous environment forcing Lahoris to alter their lifestyles

• Experts say dearth of accurate data means govt actions fail to adequately address issue


A MORNING walk in Model Town Park is part of Hassan Ali’s daily routine. It includes three laps of the park’s 2.5km jogging track.

His body has become acc­ustomed to this, and he never used to “face any difficulty” during the walk.

Then, toxic smog started enveloping Lahore, and air pollution started rising beyond hazardous levels.

Now, his doctor has advised him to cut short his walk, a suggestion Mr Ali is only too happy to follow.






He is one of Lahore’s more than 13 million citizens forced to alter their lifestyles due to smog, which has become a recurring issue in the city.

As winter approaches, the air quality starts deteriorating as denser cold air traps pollutants from vehicle and factory emissions.

On Saturday, the air pollution in the city soared, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) briefly reaching an “unprecedented” level of over 1,000.

The reading of 1,067 between 8am and 9am was 71.1 times above the World Health Organisation standard.


AQI levels in Lahore for past two days, as on November 4. — iqair.com


‘Life-altering’ impact

The smog has reportedly affected millions, leaving them with symptoms such as cough, difficulties in breathing, eye irritation and headaches.

Arif Hussain, a human rights activist, says two of his children, aged between seven and 10, have developed skin conditions and are on medication to cope with the adverse effects of smog.

Similar complaints were made by Sufiyan Asif, a teenager, who says he and his younger brother have developed sore throat and eye irritation due to smog.

His family is staying indoors and keeping windows and doors shut to avoid exposure to smog.

Experts have raised alarm over the deteriorating air quality in the city, which they claim leads to life-altering problems like depression and impacts the growth of the children.

Renowned physician Dr Javed Akram agrees that smog is resulting in serious health issues among children and the elderly.

Choking in the city of gardens

Lahore was once known for its gardens. Now, its claim to fame is topping the pollution charts.

The causes of this are well-known and amply documented. The mushroom growth of housing societies is eating up green spaces in and around the city; industries and brick kilns whose emissions violate every environmental protection law; stubble burning and increasing numbers of vehicles on the roads, all contribute to the toxic air.

But the tragedy is that accurate data on these phenomena is found nowhere.

The government claims similar issues in neighbouring Indian Punjab also contribute to the choking air quality.


Punjab Environment Protection and Climate Change Department (EPCCD) Secretary Raja Jahangir Anwar says there are 4.5m motorcycles, 1.3m cars and trucks in Lahore.

In addition, there are 6,800 factories and 1,200 brick kilns operating in and around the city, and farmers are burning stubble in the adjoining Kasur, Sheikhupura, Nankana and Gujranwala districts, he tells Dawn, blaming their emissions for the hazardous air quality.

Successive governments have tried everything to counter smog — from spraying water on roads to artificial rain and, most recently, imposing a ‘green lockdown’.

However, in the absence of accurate data, these actions are based more on hunches than any goal-oriented strategy.

The first step towards fixing this issue is accurately reporting the air quality.

A report by IQAir in January stated that Lahore has 15 air quality monitors at various sites across the city, and only one installed at the US Consulate is government-owned.

Mr Anwar, the EPCCD secretary, claims his department has three functional air quality monitors in the city.

The Environment Protection Department publishes daily air quality reports on its website. This report, based on the data from the previous day, is of little use for people checking air quality to plan future activities.

The data about the total number of vehicles and their emission is also skewed.

The Punjab State of the Environment Report 2023 identifies transport as a major source of air pollution in Punjab.

This observation is based on a study conducted by the UN Food & Agricultural Organization in 2019. It concluded that the sector is responsible for 43pc of air pollution in Punjab.

The five-year-old study had put the number of registered vehicles in Punjab at 14.5m, which increased to 21m in 2021.

However, the exact number of vehicles plying on the city roads is still not known.

Further, the methodology to calculate vehicular emission ignores some related factors such as combustion, control technology, fuel type, operating conditions, equipment age, and maintenance.

‘Inadequate’ measures

Pakistan Air Quality Experts, a collective of leading environmentalists, researchers, doctors and scientists, says the government’s measures like ‘green lockdown’ are inadequate, and won’t have any considerable impact on air pollution.

Dawar Hameed Butt, a researcher with the group, tells Dawn the government banned rickshaws and heavy vehicles in some areas, but they are still operating in other localities. “How would it bring about any relief?”

He points out that due to gas shortages, people in and around Lahore use firewood for cooking and heating, while factories in northern Lahore burn tyres, raising PM2.5 levels.

He suggests closing down those factories for tangible relief.

The government is calling farmers “anti-state” for burning stubble but it hasn’t provided them with any technology to get rid of their residue, Mr Butt says.

He also suggests community-led efforts, including local clean-air initiatives, tree-plantation drives and youth awareness campaigns to combat smog.

Published in Dawn, November 4th, 2024





Comment

‘Ecological apocalypse’ — Lahoris are breathless and angry as smog casts heavy veil over the city

There is just no winning for Lahore, unless it's topping the charts for the worst air quality EVER.



Images Staff
04 Nov, 2024

Lahore is number one! — at having the worst air quality in the world. Jokes aside, the smog situation in Pakistan’s second-largest city is not only deteriorating the air quality but also severely impacting people’s health.

For days, Lahore’s 14 million people have been enveloped by smog — a mix of fog and pollutants caused by low-grade diesel fumes, smoke from seasonal agricultural burning, and winter cooling. Primary schools have been shut down for a week, travelling is dangerous, and the very act of breathing is hazardous.

According to Dawn, the air quality index (AQI), which measures a range of pollutants, exceeded 1,000 on Saturday — well above the level of 300 which is considered “dangerous” — according to data from IQAir.

The Punjab government also recorded peaks of over 1,000 on Sunday, which it considered “unprecedented”.

Photographer and content creator Mohammad Wasif flew his drone over Lahore one morning, and the outcome was bleak, to say the least — the entire city was submerged in a thick blanket of grey haze, the bright red of the Badshahi Mosque barely visible.

“How can we breathe in such air quality?” Wasif questioned in his caption.


RIP Lungs

Needless to say, Lahoris aren’t too happy about the situation. Content creator Nadir Shah posted a video about returning to Lahore and breathing it all in. The video cuts to him splayed out on the ground.

Abdul Rehman Kashmiri pretends to beat up a Lahori after they say the iconic “Lahore Lahore ayy” (Lahore is Lahore) despite the terrible air quality.


Many X (formerly Twitter) users highlighted the adverse impact of the smog on their health, with one very eloquently stating that the people of Lahore were “so cooked”. (For those who aren’t chronically online, this means they’re doomed).











“Sore throat, burning eyes and stifling air — Lahore’s air quality has plummeted to some of the worst levels globally. The thick, smoky haze hangs over the city, making it feel increasingly unlivable.”






Another netizen highlighted that her lingering headache was returning, “Hello, Lahore smog. Just when we hoped we might get a little more time without you.” Meanwhile, another X user reached Lahore from Islamabad and “immediately felt an assault of gross smoke” that was more severe than the usual smog.











Worsening health conditions caused by smog aren’t new for Lahoris. A tweet from 2021 read, “Once again a rich vein of pristine phlegm at the back of my throat heralds the arrival of smog season.”






Even former cricketer Mohammad Hafeez chimed in about the plethora of health concerns faced by the city, like viral infections, smog and dengue fever.





What’s the govt doing?

Several people criticised the Maryam Nawaz-led Punjab government for failing to take action against the smog, while others called for tangible action to combat the issue. One user questioned why the government could not take any “practical step[s] like limiting vehicle usage at certain times, making air purifier zones and cloud seeding or artificial rain?”











Activist Ammar Ali Jan called the situation an “ecological apocalypse”, adding that cities in Pakistan only worked for “land mafias, car/oil companies and corrupt bureaucrats”.

“Only those who can afford air-purifiers can survive. Privatisation of clean air! Absolutely criminal and insane,” he wrote.






Another netizen questioned what Maryam and the deputy commissioner of Lahore were doing, highlighting that it was increasingly difficult for citizens to breathe.

“Citizens are looking at you. When will you take any action to lessen the intensity?”






People called on the provincial government to do more than “lip service, dashboards and TV advertisements”, while others called for an immediate “smart lockdown” to save people from the “biohazard” caused by the smog.











A non-Lahori, in town to attend a family wedding, described how horrendous it was to deal with smog for the first time — “everyone has a bad throat, eyes are burning and breathing problem”.

They maintained that the government did not have a plan to combat the issue, “while Lahoris’ average lifespan is shortening with each year”.





Keep calm and meme on

However, as with any calamity in Pakistan, internet users were on point with their meme game, not letting the lack of fresh air in Lahore stop them in any way.

One user highlighted that after the smog, Lahore would make a good zombie apocalypse movie, while another questioned if something could “suck the smog out of Lahore” because they didn’t feel very “Lahore Lahore ayy”.











Another X user said smog in Karachi was cleared by the sea breeze and smog in Islamabad by the rain, while Lahoris were left at a loss, using an iconic gif of racer Lewis Hamilton looking immensely confused to depict what we’re sure all Lahoris feel.





Precautions, precautions, precautions

The smog has reportedly affected millions, leaving them with symptoms such as cough, difficulties in breathing, eye irritation and headaches. Experts have raised alarm over the deteriorating air quality in the city, which they claim leads to life-altering problems like depression and impacts the growth of the children.

It, therefore, becomes extremely important for the people living in and around Lahore to take adequate precautionary measures.

It’s important for those living in smoggy conditions to wear a proper N95 mask that covers their mouth and nose when stepping outside. You should avoid smoking altogether — please don’t contribute more to the smog and worsen your lungs — and instead opt for hot drinks and lots of water. Wash your hands and face after you return indoors, and limit excessive time outdoors.

Be a good citizen and try to carpool or use public transport to travel, avoid burning wood and trash — obviously — and seal the vents of your home with masking tape or place moist towels under doors and windows. Lastly, if you can afford to, use air purifiers in your homes.

Stay safe, and don’t forget — smog or no smog, Lahore Lahore ayy.

First-time Muslim voters in US wary of two-party system

Amid these expressions of frustration, Democratic Party campaigners recognise the urgency of retaining Muslim support.
Published November 4, 2024 

WASHINGTON: Disen­ch­antment with both major US political parties is pushing many first-time Muslim voters in Northern Virginia toward abstention or even third-party support, raising concerns for Democrats who traditionally rely on this constituency.

In conversations with visiting Pakistani journalists at a lively shopping plaza in the region, some young Muslim voters cited foreign policy decisions, environmental issues, and unmet domestic needs as reasons for their reluctance to vote for either major party.

The plaza, known for its diverse array of halal restaurants, grocery stores, and pizza shops, has become a central meeting place for Muslims from Virginia, Maryland, and Washington D.C.

Store owners are preparing for election day by setting up a large screen in one of the restaurants to broadcast results, and offering free tea and samosas to patrons to foster a sense of community.

They recently hosted an event inviting Pakistani journalists to engage with their mostly Muslim clientele to encourage discussions among young voters. In attendance was a group of young first-time voters, aged 18 to 22, who shared insights into the shifting political views of their generation.


FIRST-time voters (L to R) Ms Khan, Ramiz and Aariz indicated that they were not inclined to vote for either of the two main parties in the presidential elections.—Photos by the writer

Ms Khan, a young voter who provided only her last name, shared that her family’s long-standing support for the Democrats is now uncertain. While her parents voted for the party in the previous election, they, like Ms Khan, are reconsidering this time.

“The government didn’t have enough funds to help victims of this year’s cyclone in the southern US, yet they’re spending billions on wars in the Middle East and Ukraine,” she said, expressing disappointment in the Democrats’ current priorities.

Another first-time voter, Aariz, voiced support for the Green Party, citing environmental concerns and frustration over foreign policy as key issues. “I won’t vote for Donald Trump because he is bad for the environment,” he said, adding that he also felt hesitant about voting for Kamala Harris due to her stance on Gaza.

Ramiz, another new voter, echoed these sentiments. While acknowledging Israel as a US ally, he questioned the Biden administration’s lack of action on the Gaza conflict.

“What prevented the administration from enforcing a ceasefire in Gaza?” he asked.

Despite this wave of dissatisfaction, many of the younger voters, besides Ms Khan’s father, noted that American Muslims have historically leaned towards Democrats.

They attributed this to the party’s generally progressive stance on immigration and religious freedoms.

Older voters referenced a recent incident where Dearborn Mayor Abdullah Hammoud publicly rejected an invitation to meet former president Donald Trump during his campaign stop.

Dearborn, Michigan — home to a large Arab-American population — has seen considerable political mobilisation within its Muslim communities, and Hammoud’s decision, they noted, was widely seen as a rebuke of Trump’s “Muslim ban” during his first term.

This executive order, which imposed travel restrictions on individuals from several Musl­im-majority countries, includ­ing Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen, remains a sore point for many Muslim voters.

‘Split-vote’

Amid these expressions of frustration, Democratic Party campaigners recognise the urgency of retaining Muslim support.

“That’s almost like voting for Trump,” argued David Byrne, a Democratic campaigner, when one first-time Muslim voter said he planned to support the Green Party.

“It won’t bring the Green Party to power and will weaken Harris’s support base,” Mr Byrne added, stressing the potential implications of a split vote in this election.

Similar Democratic teams have been canvassing nearby areas in Washington D.C., and Virginia, hoping to connect with young voters, both Muslims and Christians, especially those voting for the first time.

Democrats’ strategists have emphasised the critical role that young Muslim voters could play in tight races, particularly in swing states.

Despite the outreach efforts, some Republican-leaning Muslims remain resolute. Junaid Bashir, a PTI supporter who plans to vote for Mr Trump, commented that despite persistent Democratic outreach, many new voters, particularly Muslims, were hesitant to back Harris.

Political analyst Uzair Younus described these sentiments as “anecdotal”, pointing to broader data trends showing strong support for Harris among young voters. “While anecdotal evidence may suggest some erosion of support within sub-groups, data shows that young people are expected to come out in support of Kamala Harris,” he explained.

He cited a survey released by the Harvard Institute of Politics (IOP) last week to back his point. The survey, which has tracked voter attitudes in the 18-29 age group since 2008, revealed a significant lead for Harris over Trump among young voters, with Harris ahead by 17 points (49pc to 32pc).

This contrast between individual anecdotes and broader polling trends highlights the challenges that campaign strategists face as they work to address the complex and diverse concerns of Muslim voters in the region.

Published in Dawn, November 4th, 2024




Opinion

Muslim Americans face a tough choice, but we have to refuse to empower Trump

(RNS) — While a protest vote may feel good, electing Trump means shutting Muslims out for four years.


This combination of file photos shows Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, left, speaking at a campaign rally in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on Oct. 26, 2024, and former President Donald Trump, the Republican presidential nominee, right, speaking during a campaign rally on Oct. 22, 2024, in Greensboro, North Carolina. (AP Photo, File)


Afsheen Shamsi
November 1, 2024
RNS


(RNS) — Determined after the horrors of the first Trump presidency not to see another, in 2020 I gathered a diverse team of Muslim Americans from around New Jersey to form NJ Muslims for Biden. In the 2020 election cycle, we made more than 136,000 calls in partnership with the Muslim political organizing group Emgage Action, helping to turn out more than 50,000 Muslim voters in Pennsylvania. We were part of a broad coalition that was the margin of victory in that election.

I never imagined then that four years later our Muslim American community would be confronted with such a difficult choice. Many Muslims view Harris as simply an extension of Biden, a president who has seemingly heartlessly funded a war and with American bombs enabled catastrophic harm to our Palestinian and Lebanese siblings and children.

A longtime progressive Muslim American Democrat, I understand this anti-Biden sentiment. Like my community, I feel abandoned and betrayed by a party that has stood silently by as civilian men, women and children have been targeted en masse in Palestine and Lebanon. Elected Democrats have also supported the quashing of our free speech rights. Until recently, our elected leaders in their rhetoric, including Biden, have dehumanized Palestinians and Muslims as terrorists.

As a result, many in our community are voting for Jill Stein, the Green Party candidate, in an attempt to register their protest and to break the two-party system in American politics that reduces political debate and ignores nuanced views. Yet the data is clear that a vote for Stein or any third party is a vote for Trump.

RELATED: In Philadelphia, a Muslim hub, presidential election feels to many like no choice at all

Faced with this difficult choice at the polls, I find myself unable to empower Trump and all he stands for.

I believe we are more likely to achieve more for our Palestinian and Lebanese loved ones, including an end to the war on Palestine, with Harris, who has called for a cease-fireTrump is on record stating that he will finish the job in Palestine, and so I can’t empower Trump with my vote.

Read the American Civil Liberties Union’s Trump Memos, a document that details how our Muslim and advocacy institutions may not survive a second Trump presidency, and what the organization is planning to do to defuse Trump’s bias. Consider that Trump is on track to cause irreparable harm to our democracy. As an American citizen who cares deeply about our democracy, I can’t trust him with my vote.

In solidarity with our Black Muslim siblings, who are raising the alarm about the harm Trump’s racist rhetoric and policies will do to their community, I can’t empower him with my vote.

Let’s also not forget the horrors Trump unleashed on immigrant families and children at our borders and see that Trump can’t be trusted with anyone’s vote.

On a whole host of domestic issues — the economy, education, health care, student loan forgiveness and more — Harris will center diversity, inclusion and equity in her policymaking. (Trump wants to get rid of DEI programs across the country.) Harris’ diverse administration has shown that it will include Muslim Americans.

While a protest vote may feel good, electing Trump means shutting Muslims out for four years. Let us not forget that the diverse people in an administration inform policy decisions that are made. Even when Trump sends senior officials to meet with Muslim leaders, they are very open about refusing to make any policy commitments to our community. Why should we empower Trump with our vote?

Wiser people than I have said that when someone shows you who they are, believe them. Trump is sharing his plans, and I believe him.

Several years ago, after visiting the Holocaust Museum in Washington, I found stories there of Muslims who had helped Jewish community members in Germany avoid the Holocaust. I wondered, if I were in Germany at that time, would I have been able to help the Jewish community or because as a single parent of a child with disabilities who is completely dependent on me would I have felt I could not take this risk? As I left the museum, I asked myself what I would have done if I had been in that situation. It’s easy for all of us to believe we would have done the right thing.

I have since then prayed to God that the right thing to do always be clearly visible and also the easy thing to do because I don’t want to be confronted with such choices and I hope I never am.

As someone who tries to be guided by what is just and right, it is not easy to vote for Harris, which may not secure us the justice that we seek. Securing a just solution to this conflict over land could take generations, given the power differential in our political reality that we face as advocates of vulnerable Palestinians and Lebanese.

RELATED: Prominent Muslim American advocacy organization endorses Harris

But as a Muslim woman whose faith runs deep, I’m sure that empowering Trump is certain to mean continued war and harm, to our Palestinian and Lebanese siblings and children, and to our nation’s own most vulnerable and marginalized communities. Empowering Trump’s bigoted rhetoric and policies runs counter to everything Islam teaches us about justice, compassion and care for community.

This is why I plan to vote for Harris on Election Day. I hope you will join me with your vote in preventing greater injustices here at home and abroad.

(Afsheen A. Shamsi is a national board member for Emgage Action, a national Muslim-American advocacy group that supports policies that strengthen pluralistic democracy and protect human rights. The views expressed in this commentary do not necessarily reflect those of Religion News Service.)


In the ‘capital of Arab America’, voters plan to punish Harris for Gaza, Lebanon wars
On The Ground


Dearborn, Michigan, with its large Arab American population, was once considered a reliably Democratic city. But anger over the current administration's handling of Israel's wars in Gaza and Lebanon have led many locals to spurn Kamala Harris in the ballots. In a battleground state in a tight presidential race, the disenchantment could be dec
isive.

Issued on: 03/11/2024 - 
By: Leela JACINTO

A Trump supporter displays his message in Dearborn, Michigan, on November 1, 2024. © Tahar Hani, FRANCE 24

Shortly after 1pm on Friday, a burly, bearded young man joined the handful of people gathered outside The Great Commoner restaurant in Dearborn, Michigan.

His message, from head-to-toe, was consistent. Wearing a “Trump 2024” cap and T-shirt, he posed for photographs with a banner reiterating his support for Republican candidate Donald Trump.

“My name is Hassan. I’m from Bint Jbeil,” he said, referring to a town in southern Lebanon nearly 6,000 miles away from Dearborn.

The message was loud, clear – and menacingly terse. “Trump 2024! I don’t have no more comment, that’s all I’m going to say. Trump 2024! And I’m Muslim so no one can tell me nothing,” he proclaimed.

When asked why Trump had snagged his vote, the Dearborn resident from Bint Jbeil circled back to the loop. “Because I support Trump. That’s all I’m going to say,” he repeated. “I don’t talk politics. I just support Trump.”

The buzz outside The Great Commoner was generated by the sudden announcement that Trump had made a last-minute campaign schedule change. The Republican presidential hopeful was making a pit stop in Dearborn, the nation’s largest Arab-majority city, as the statistical dead heat between Trump and Democrat Kamala Harris has turned the swing state of Michigan into an electoral battleground.

With 54% of Dearborn’s 110,000 population identifying as having Middle Eastern or North African ancestry in the 2020 census, the Arab American vote is a critical demographic in must-win Michigan. In the 2016 race, Hillary Clinton lost Michigan to Trump by only 10,000 votes. Four years later, President Joe Biden won it back by 150,000 votes.

While the state’s rural areas and affluent white-majority suburbs tend to vote Republican, Dearborn was once considered a reliably Democratic city. But the brutal conflicts in Gaza and Lebanon have shattered Dearborn’s “blue wall” of Democratic support, with many enraged over the Biden-Harris administration’s handling of the Middle East crisis.

Ahead of the final weekend before Election Day, November 5, Trump made a brief appearance at The Grand Commoner, an iconic eatery owned by a Lebanese American family, where he met a small gathering of Arab American invitees.

“You’re going to have peace in the Middle East, but not with the clowns that you have running the US right now,” Trump told the gathering at the restaurant.

Donald Trump makes a campaign stop at the Great Commoner restaurant in Dearborn, Michigan, November 1, 2024. © Brian Snyder, Reuters

Trump has a fraught relationship with Arab and Muslim voters. Shortly after his January 2017 inauguration, he signed an executive order, dubbed the “Muslim ban”, that barred US entry to citizens of several Muslim-majority countries. Trump has voiced support for a similar travel ban if he is reelected this year.

But in his new avatar as Mideast peacemaker, Trump appears to have gained traction in some corners of this lively US Midwestern city crammed with Middle Eastern restaurants, bakeries and takeaway joints offering everything from shorbas and hummus-laced steaks to juicy baklavas and Egyptian funnel cakes.

A few blocks down the road from The Great Commoner on Michigan Avenue, a local Yemeni restaurant has its windows plastered with posters proclaiming, “For Peace Vote Trump” in English and Arabic.

Trump campaign posters on a restaurant window in Dearborn, Michigan, on November 1, 2024. © Leela Jacinto, FRANCE 24


‘Rapid response’ moments every single day

At a popular kebab eatery further along Michigan Avenue, Layla Elabed is dismayed by the Trump lovefest in a city popularly known as the “capital of Arab America”.

“Do people forget how bad it was under the Trump presidency,” wondered the 35-year-old community organiser. “We were coordinating emergency responses to all the policies coming out of Donald Trump's presidency. I was going from meetings at the airport to rallies against the Muslim ban, to joining Black Lives Matter protests, to helping families that were under the threat of deportation. It was a rapid response moment every single day.”

Layla Elabed, co-founder of the Uncommitted National Movement, is no fan of Donald Trump, but says she cannot vote for Kamala Harris. © Tahar Hani, FRANCE 24

Elabed may be dismayed, but she’s not surprised. And she’s pretty sure of who to blame.

“It’s the fault of the Democrats that they left this window open for Trump to come into a community that is grieving, that is frustrated, that is feeling betrayed. I really fault Vice President Harris's campaign and Democrats who allowed this to happen,” she said mournfully.

Party leaders ‘not aligned with their base’

Elabed knows a thing or two about Democratic betrayal. As a co-founder of the Uncommitted National Movement, she helped rally Michigan Democrats to vote 'uncommitted' in the February primaries. The campaign was a bid to force the Biden administration to impose an arms embargo on Israel until a Gaza ceasefire deal was reached.

The movement set out to get 10,000 votes, the number of votes that won Trump the state of Michigan in 2016. The result far exceeded the goal, with 100,000 Michigan residents voting uncommitted. The success sparked similar campaigns in other states, netting more than 700,000 votes and 37 delegates at the August Democratic National Convention.

But failure came just as quickly, when the Harris campaign refused to allow a Palestinian American to address the convention as the war raged in Gaza, killing tens of thousands of trapped civilians and displacing over a million.

For Elabed, a Palestinian American whose parents grew up in the West Bank, it was a bitter pill to swallow. “As a lifelong Democrat, I feel really betrayed by my own party. I think what we're seeing right now is the leaders of this party are actually not aligned with their base,” she said.
From funerals to the dilemmas of strategic voting

The difference in enthusiasm levels between Dearborn’s Republican and Democratic supporters is stark in the 2024 presidential race.

Elabed says she will skip the presidential section on her ballot paper, but she plans to vote Democrat in the other races, including the US Senate, House, state legislative and state supreme court races. This includes a vote for her elder sister, Rashida Tlaib, who is running for re-election to the US House to represent Michigan’s 12th Congressional district, which includes Dearborn.

As a Trump opponent, Elabed does not want to vote for a third party, such as the Green’s Jill Stein, fearing it could help inadvertently deliver a Trump presidency under the country's controversial electoral college system.

It was a difficult decision, she admitted. “We're literally being pulled away from funerals and taken to the ballot box and being told, now vote strategically,” she sighed.
Lebanon war hits home

Abed Hammoud’s ballot paper sat on his dining table for weeks before he finally got down to ticking his absentee ballot and sticking it in the envelope.

“It took me a while to vote,” he confessed. “I've had the ballot for about a month now. It's not an easy decision.”

An attorney and former prosecutor, Hammoud, 58, has been active in Michigan politics for decades and is the founder of the Arab American Political Action Committee (AAPAC), a group which seeks to address critical issues affecting the Arab American community.

Under normal circumstances, a vote for Harris should have been a no-brainer for Hammoud. “I personally would have liked to support her if I could. She's a former prosecutor like me. We have a lot of things in common. My Democratic background, my natural tendency would be to support her,” he said.

But the conflict in the Middle East has made that impossible. Born and raised in southern Lebanon, Hammoud is painfully familiar with the horrors of an Israeli invasion. “I lived through several wars and invasions. I lived under the occupation,” he said, referring to the 18-year Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon from 1982 to 2000.

Hammoud and his wife have family in southern Lebanon, including elderly parents, who are now scattered across the country and region after fleeing the Israeli bombardments. “It’s hitting home, literally home, because this morning, they just bombed my village again,” he revealed.
Trump ‘works’ for Arab American votes

Last month, AAPAC released a statement declaring that the lobby group was not endorsing Trump or Harris. “We simply cannot give our votes to either Democrat Kamala Harris or Republican Donald Trump, who blindly support the criminal Israeli government led by far-right extremists,” said the statement.

Hammoud’s position is allied with that of the group he founded. “I want to do everything I can to punish this administration in this election, knowing that I'll be kind of punishing myself if Trump becomes president,” he said with a rueful smile.

He’s keenly aware of the consequences of his vote in a state that could determine the next president of the world’s superpower. But the responsibility this time, he maintains, lies with the Democratic candidate.

“I have no respect for Donald Trump, but you should see how much he's courting this community,” he said. "He knows we have votes. He wants them. I don't trust a word he says. I'm not saying he's going to be good for us. I'm not voting for him. I'm not calling for people to vote for him. But I'm watching both campaigns. He's saying, 'I want these votes and I’m working for them'.”

As Trump headed for a meeting with Dearborn community members at The Great Commoner restaurant, Elabed echoed the opinion. “I do not have the burden of responsibility to convince my community members who to vote for. It’s the responsibility of the candidate,” she explained. “And we've been trying to tell leaders of the Democratic Party that in order to win over key votes here in Michigan, you need to change your policy that unconditionally supports Israel. But they have not listened.”