THIRD WORLD USA 

NAVAJO NATION COVID-19 PANDEMIC 
RESERVATION IN NEED OF CUBAN DOCTORS

Navajo Nation Suffers Third-Highest COVID-19 Infection Rate ...

https://www.democracynow.org › navajo_nation_coronavirus_pandemic

May 5, 2020 - We get an update from two doctors treating patients with the Navajo Nation, the largest Indigenous reservation in the country, which has been ...

The Navajo Nation's COVID-19 Death Toll Is Higher Than That ...

https://mandipao.com › navajo-nations-covid-19-death-173000233

Apr 24, 2020 - As the coronavirus pandemic continues to spread, Native American populations are being disproportionately affected.

Outbreak on edge of Navajo Nation overwhelms rural hospital ...

https://wben.radio.com › articles › ap-news › outbreak-on-edge-of-navajo-...

3 days ago - GALLUP, N.M. (AP) — On the eve of New Mexico's shutdown of bars and restaurants to stem the spread of the coronavirus, the city of Gallup ...

The COVID-19 Crisis in the Episcopal Church in Navajoland ...

https://upepiscopal.org › the-covid-19-crisis-in-the-episcopal-church-in-na...

Navajo Nation is the largest indigenous nation in the United States and is the hardest hit by the outbreak. Just this week, there were 121 new cases reported, ...

During Coronvrius: Cuba to the rescue, but don't ... - MR Online

https://mronline.org › Newswire

Apr 28, 2020 - Anti-Cuba zealots in the Trump administration have been enticing Cuban doctors working overseas to defect, paying journalists to write ...

The Red Nation on Twitter: ""Cuban doctors and the Cuban ...

https://twitter.com › The_Red_Nation › status

Apr 24, 2020 - "Cuban doctors and the Cuban health service would bring a lot of value to our planning. We are moving quickly to have Cuban doctors and ...

Cuba under media attack for sending doctors, not bombs, to ...

https://www.nationofchange.org › 2020/04/15 › cuba-under-media-attack-...

Apr 15, 2020 - As coronavirus ravages the world, Cuba has exhibited disproportionate heroism, deploying medical personnel to at least 14 countries thus far ...

Virus-hit Brazil lets Cuban doctors resume work - Yahoo! Sports

https://sports.yahoo.com › virus-hit-brazil-lets-cuban-doctors-resume-0515...

4 days ago - Brasília (AFP) - Brazil re-enlisted more than 150 Cuban doctors Monday to help fight a surge in coronavirus cases, a year and a half after ...

As COVID-19 Magnifies Racial Disparities, Street Medics Look ...

https://shadowproof.com › 2020/05/12 › street-medics-see-cuba-as-a-mode...

May 12, 2020 - Street medics like Dr. Armen Henderson see Cuba as model for responding to COVID-19, as U.S. government fails to provide health care to ...

THE RESERVATION ALREADY IS RECEIVING SUPPORT FROM MSF DOCTORS WITHOUT FRONTIERS AND UC SF BUT ITS HEALTHCARE SYSTEM CANNOT HANDLE THIS AND FEDERAL FUNDS HAVE NOT YET ARRIVED

Doctors Without Borders Stand With New Mexico Tribes ...

cubanreporter.net › doctors-without-borders-stand-with-new-mexico-tribes...

May 11, 2020 - “We will need additional health care professionals here on the Navajo Nation,” Nez said. “We don't know if this is going to be a virus that is ...

MSF's activities on coronavirus COVID-19 | MSF

https://www.msf.org › covid-19-depth

May 14, 2020 - MSF response to coronavirus disease COVID-19. It is clear that healthcare workers need support and patients need care. Given the size of this ...

UCSF Health Care Workers to Serve in Navajo Nation | UC ...

https://www.ucsf.edu › news › 2020/04 › ucsf-health-care-workers-serve-n...

Apr 22, 2020 - A team of UC San Francisco health care workers – seven physicians and 14 nurses – is traveling to Arizona and New Mexico on Wednesday, ...

Missing: CUBAN ‎| Must include: CUBAN

HEALTHCARE IN NAVAJO NATION

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Proposed Navajo Managed Care Organization - New Mexico ...

https://www.hsd.state.nm.us › uploads › files › Navajo Nation Submission t...

Sep 1, 2019 - The. Navajo Nation will accept the financial risk for this delivery system, through Naat'aanii. Development Corporation (NDC), an economic ...

Doctor recounts lessons learned among Navajo people | The ...

https://www.taosnews.com › first-navajo-nursing-school-recounted,57127

May 17, 2019 - Yá'át'ééh sha' ałchíní. Shí éí Erica Elliott yinishyé. Nisha? Haash yinilyé? The words mean, 'Hello my children. My name is Erica Elliott.

Medicine and Miracles in the High Desert: My Life Among the ...

https://www.amazon.com › Medicine-Miracles-High-Desert-Navajo

Medicine and Miracles in the High Desert: My Life Among the Navajo People [Erica M Elliott M D, Joan Borysenko PhD PH.D.] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping ...

Injustice in Healthcare: A Navajo Case Study - Archive Home

https://repository.wlu.edu › handle › RG38_LeMasters_Poverty_2015

by KHK LeMasters - ‎2015 - ‎Related articles

Significant health inequalities exist between the Navajo tribe and the US population as a whole and are worsening over time. I argue that while these health ...

Treasury to begin distributing virus relief money to tribes | WPEC

https://cbs12.com › news › coronavirus › treasury-to-begin-distributing-viru...

May 5, 2020 - FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. (AP) — The U. S. Treasury Department said Tuesday that it will begin doling out billions to help tribes respond and recover ...

New Mexico's Veterans Affairs healthcare system assists the ...

https://prensa-fifi.com › new-mexicos-veterans-affairs-healthcare-system-as...

May 11, 2020 - Patients from the Navajo Nation are battling COVID-19 inside the VA hospital in Albuquerque. “Our fourth mission for us has been to help the ...

Indian Health Service Doctor Details Heavy COVID-19 Impact ...

https://www.npr.org › 2020/04/20 › indian-health-service-doctor-details-hea...

Apr 20, 2020 - NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with Dr. Loretta Christensen, Navajo Area chief medical officer at the Indian Health Service about the ...

Missing: CUBAN ‎| Must include: CUBAN

THE RESERVATION HAS HAD GOOD RELATIONS WITH CUBA INCLUDING ITS CURRENT PRESIDENT  

Vice President Nez visits Cuba, observes health care system ...

https://www.nhonews.com › news › mar › vice-president-nez-visits-cuba-o...

Mar 9, 2016 - Navajo Nation Vice President Jonathan Nez pauses during a cultural exchange trip to Havana, Cuba. Submitted photo. Navajo-Hopi Observer.

Navajo Nation visits Cuba with MEDICC, observes healthcare ...

medicc.org › navajo-nation-visits-cuba-with-medicc-observes-healthcare-s...

Mar 22, 2016 - Leaders from the Navajo Nation visited Cuba last month with MEDICC's Community Partnerships for Health Equity (CPHE) program to engage ...

The Panama Papers and the Navajo Cuban Food Deal

https://bsnorrell.blogspot.com › 2016/06 › the-panama-papers-and-navajo-...

Jun 15, 2016 - The Panama Papers leak of offshore tax havens has for the first time exposed a link to Indian country. It is to Cuba's Alimport, Cuba's import ...

NOT JUST NAVAJO NATION BUT FIRST NATIONS IN CANADA TOO HAVE VISITED CUBA TO LEARN ABOUT THEIR MEDICAL SYSTEM 

First Nations leaders from Manitoba were in Havana, Cuba ...

https://www.reddit.com › IndianCountry › comments › ffhct4 › first_natio...

r/IndianCountry: Native American news, happenings, culture, politics, arts, community, and thought. Give us your local, give us your Pan-Indian …

The lower mantle can be oxidized in the presence of water

SCIENCE CHINA PRESS

 

IMAGE: THE SCHEMATIC ARTWORK SHOWS A BOUNDARY WITHIN THE LOWER MANTLE AT THE DEPTH OF 1900 KM. BELOW 1900 KM, THE INTERACTION BETWEEN WATER AND MANTLE IS TRIGGERED. view more 

CREDIT: ©SCIENCE CHINA PRESS

If we took a journey from Earth's surface to the center, the midway point locates roughly at 1900 km depth in the lower mantle. The lower mantle ranges from 660 to 2900 km depth and occupies 55% of our planet by volume. The chemical composition of the lower mantle is rather simple. It has long been pictured as being made up of 2 major minerals (~95%), namely bridgmanite and ferropericlase. Until recently, this model is directly challenged by a set of discoveries in the lower mantle.

"One of the major lower mantle compositions, ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O, turns into a pyrite-type structure upon meeting water. This intriguing chemical reaction only occurs at Earth's deep lower mantle which is defined in depths between 1900 and 2900 km" said Qingyang Hu from HPSTAR. "The reaction produces so-called oxygen excessive phases, or simply superoxides. The lower mantle is oxidized in the presence of water." Generally, when all the oxygen atoms in a compound are bonded with metal atoms, they are called oxides. However, if a compound has paired oxygen atoms, like oxygen-oxygen bonding, it becomes a superoxide. Although superoxide is rarely found in nature, it might be common in Earth's deep lower mantle.

"We also found that olivine and its high-pressure phase wadsleyite, the dominating minerals in the upper mantle, decompose to generate superoxides when subducting down into the deep mantle with water." added by Jin Liu from at HPSTAR. Few approaches are available for scientists to probe into the lower mantle mineralogy given its depth. "Our experiments are very challenging. We input appropriate parameters like pressure, temperature, and starting minerals. Then we investigated the outputs including chemical reactions, new mineral assemblages, and their density profiles. Those parameters allow us to better constrain the nature of the lower mantle and its oxidation state." Contrary to the paradigm that the lower mantle is highly reduced, our results indicate that the deep lower mantle is at least locally oxidized wherever water is present.

The team members proceeded with minerals existing on Earth's surface, by squeezing them between two pieces of diamond anvils to generate about 100,000,000 times the atmospheric pressure at sea level, heating them up using infrared laser, before analyzing the samples using a battery of x-ray and electron probes. The experiments have mimicked the extreme pressure-temperatures conditions found in Earth's deep lower mantle.

Previous experiments explored a dry mineral assembly in the absence of water. Those experiments reported that bridgmanite (and/or post-bridgmanite) and ferropericlase are the most abundant and stable minerals throughout the lower mantle. However, when water is introduced, ferropericlase would be partially oxidized to superoxide under the deep lower mantle conditions. The superoxide is verified to stay in harmony with bridgmanite and post-bridgmanite.

This new water-mantle chemistry can be closely linked to the water cycling in the solid Earth. Every year, billions of tons of ocean water falls into the deep Earth at tectonic plate boundaries. While some water returns via underwater volcanoes and hot vents, others goes deep into the Earth's interiors. "Our experiments indicate the deep water is an essential part of mantle chemistry. The water cycling can extend to the deep lower mantle where water has extraordinary oxidation power, producing highly oxidized superoxide and releasing hydrogen." suggested by Dr. Ho-kwang Mao from HPSTAR. "The lower mantle can be oxidized and reduced at the same time."

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See the article:

Hu Q, Liu J, Chen J, Yan B, Meng Y, Prakapenka VB, Mao, WL, Mao, H-K, 2020. Mineralogy of the deep lower mantle in the presence of H2O. National Science Review, doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa098
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa098

Mysterious glowing coral reefs are fighting to recover

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON

IMAGE: ACROPORA CORALS. COLOURFUL BLEACHING IN NEW CALEDONIA. view more 

CREDIT: THE OCEAN AGENCY/XL CATLIN SEAVIEW SURVEY

A new study by the University of Southampton has revealed why some corals exhibit a dazzling colourful display, instead of turning white, when they suffer 'coral bleaching' - a condition which can devastate reefs and is caused by ocean warming. The scientists behind the research think this phenomenon is a sign that corals are fighting to survive.

Many coral animals live in a fragile, mutually beneficial relationship, a 'symbiosis' with tiny algae embedded in their cells. The algae gain shelter, carbon dioxide and nutrients, while the corals receive photosynthetic products to fulfil their energy needs. If temperatures rise just 1?C above the usual summer maximum, this symbiosis breaks down; the algae are lost, the coral's white limestone skeleton shines through its transparent tissue and a damaging process known as 'coral bleaching' occurs.

This condition can be fatal to the coral. Once its live tissue is gone, the skeleton is exposed to the eroding forces of the environment. Within a few years, an entire coral reef can break down and much of the biodiversity that depends on its complex structure is lost - a scenario which currently threatens the future of reefs around the world.

However, some bleaching corals undergo an, until now, mysterious transformation - emitting a range of different bright neon colours. Why this happens has now been explained by a team of scientists from the University of Southampton's Coral Reef Laboratory, who have published their detailed insights in the journal Current Biology.

The researchers conducted a series of controlled laboratory experiments at the coral aquarium facility of the University of Southampton. They found that during colourful bleaching events, corals produce what is effectively a sunscreen layer of their own, showing itself as a colourful display. Furthermore, it's thought this process encourages the coral symbionts to return.

Acropora corals with colourful bleaching in New Caledonia.

CREDIT The Ocean Agency/XL Catlin Seaview Survey

Professor Jörg Wiedenmann, head of the University of Southampton's Coral Reef Laboratory explains: "Our research shows colourful bleaching involves a self-regulating mechanism, a so-called optical feedback loop, which involves both partners of the symbiosis. In healthy corals, much of the sunlight is taken up by the photosynthetic pigments of the algal symbionts. When corals lose their symbionts, the excess light travels back and forth inside the animal tissue -reflected by the white coral skeleton. This increased internal light level is very stressful for the symbionts and may delay or even prevent their return after conditions return to normal.

"However, if the coral cells can still carry out at least some of their normal functions, despite the environmental stress that caused bleaching, the increased internal light levels will boost the production of colourful, photoprotective pigments. The resulting sunscreen layer will subsequently promote the return of the symbionts. As the recovering algal population starts taking up the light for their photosynthesis again, the light levels inside the coral will drop and the coral cells will lower the production of the colourful pigments to their normal level."

Coral Reef Aquarium Facility at the University of Southampton Waterfront Campus.

CREDIT Wiedenmann/D'Angelo

The researchers believe corals which undergo this process are likely to have experienced episodes of mild or brief ocean-warming or disturbances in their nutrient environment - rather than extreme events.

Dr. Cecilia D'Angelo, Lecturer of Molecular Coral Biology at Southampton, comments: "Bleaching is not always a death sentence for corals, the coral animal can still be alive. If the stress event is mild enough, corals can re-establish the symbiosis with their algal partner. Unfortunately, recent episodes of global bleaching caused by unusually warm water have resulted in high coral mortality, leaving the world's coral reefs struggling for survival."

Dr. Elena Bollati, Researcher at the National University Singapore, who studied this subject during her PhD training at the University of Southampton, adds: "We reconstructed the temperature history of known colourful bleaching events around the globe using satellite imagery. These data are in excellent agreement with the conclusions of our controlled laboratory experiments, suggesting that colourful bleaching occurs in association with brief or mild episodes of heat stress."

The scientists are encouraged by recent reports suggesting colourful bleaching has occurred in some areas of the Great Barrier Reef during the most recent mass bleaching there in March-April 2020. They think this raises the hope that at least some patches of the world's largest reef system may have better recovery prospects than others, but emphasise that only a significant reduction of greenhouse gases at a global scale and sustained improvement in water quality at a regional level can save coral reefs beyond the 21st century.

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Reference:

Optical Feedback Loop Involving Dinoflagellate Symbiont and Scleractinian Host Drives Colorful Coral Bleaching is published in the journal Current Biology, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.055 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(20)30571-6