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Saturday, February 28, 2026

Of Monks and Oligarchs






One of the things I have learned in my more than seven decades of life is that everything has its opposite. For instance, you wouldn’t know up if there was not also a down. You wouldn’t know warmth without cold. Darkness reveals the light. For every peak there is a corresponding valley. In the same way, good and evil reveal one another.

Not long ago, a group of Buddhist monks and a dog named Aloka completed a peace walk of more than two thousand miles from Texas to Washington, DC, in the dead of winter. Their long walk was a continuation of a trek that began in India.

Coming from India, the monks were not acclimated to North American winters. They were not ideally clothed for the journey, and they carried very little with them. Deep cold and snow had set in over most of the route. Without complaint, they endured pain and suffering. Illness befell some of them that required medical intervention. But the monks were focused on two things: mindfulness and peace. Nothing could dissuade them from completing the task they had set for themselves.

I had heard about the event, but I did not immediately give it the attention it deserved. I occasionally checked on the monk’s progress. But as the weeks passed, I began to pay closer attention to the crowds of people that had gathered to bear witness, often in severe weather.

People from all walks of life, young and old alike, came out to witness the spectacle, to offer words of encouragement, and to provide clothing, food and drink, lip balm, flowers and medicine and moral support to the monks. Some kind soul even supplied boots for Aloka. It seemed that with each town the monks passed, the crowds grew, and there was an obvious spiritual bond between them. The monks brought out the best in people.

On the final stages of the peace walk, I witnessed events that are not commonplace on this continent. The monks were humble, respectful and reverent. Their demeanor, their grace, their dignity, so rare these days in the midst of hatred, war, drug abuse, alcoholism, hubris and violence was not something I have witnessed here before on that scale. It felt surreal.

An aura of spirituality enveloped the participants. The mutual respect and reverence, the spiritual connection between the peace walkers and their supporters was palpable. You could feel the sanctity, the reverence for life and the love that radiated outward from the monks and was reciprocated in kind by the observers.

You could feel the authenticity in every gesture of compassion and empathy that passed between the monks and the onlookers. As they approached the nation’s capital, the monks and their supporters were melding into a single, integrated entity for peace, a literal peace movement.

I saw an elderly ex-marine break down in tears in the presence of the monks. I saw young children with flowers in hand and a wondrous glow of innocence in their eyes, give each passing monk a flower, a gesture of compassion and love, and I also saw the monks give flowers to the children and elderly men and women who braved the elements to share the mystical experience unfolding before them. No money changed hands but many profited. A wealth of experience accumulated like snowflakes in a winter storm.

The event and all who participated in it showed that another world is possible. It demonstrated that human beings could choose to walk humbly in a sacred manner, rather than take up arms against their brothers and sisters on other continents. We can consciously choose a path of enlightenment and spirituality over the coerced march to death and destruction that our so-called leaders are foisting upon us. The choice is ours to make.

The monks and Aloka didn’t tell us anything. Rather, they showed us the path to enlightenment through their long walk and their willingness to endure suffering. Every footstep was a prayer for peace and justice writ large in the language of motion, the act of being and doing. To walk in a sacred manner is not a symbolic gesture. It demonstrated that harmony is possible, but it requires intentionality, mindfulness, compassion and empathy for all life.

When existential stress is removed from our lives, calmness and peace of mind fills the vacuum, and peace can come to full flower. Ruthless competition yields to mutual aid and cooperation, shared prosperity, and the recognition that all is one. We have but one earth and we need to share it with every living thing. The very presence of the monks evoked peace; it awakened the slumbering hope that once animated our lives and gave us purpose. It reminded us that we can and must do better.

In contrast to the Buddhist monks, a few weeks prior, I heard Scott Bessent, the Secretary of Treasury, his pride-swollen chest puffed out, gleefully boasting about deliberately imposing suffering and misery and death on the Iranian people, including women and children, through sanctions and tariffs, frozen assets and blockades of critical resources. But this is nothing new. Our bread crumb trail of sins lead us far into the past and to inescapable conclusions about who we are and what we truly believe as individuals and as a nation.

We are not at peace with ourselves or the world. We are a people divided by socioeconomic class. We measure worth by income and social status and by material possessions and dominance. The almighty dollar owns us. We think that we can buy happiness and rule the world. Our imaginary visions of grandeur are in reality a dystopian nightmare that devours hope and human decency and leaves a trail of corpses in its wake.

Bessent’s economic statecraft is being imposed on Iran, Cuba and Venezuela and other nations, especially in the global south, that pose no threat to us. As a matter of policy, people are starving to death and being denied access to medicine and a decent life. These are the wretched of the earth, and they are our brothers and sisters. They are us. That is not statecraft. It is sadism, a crime against humanity.

Iran poses no material threat whatsoever to the US, and neither does Cuba or Venezuela, but the US seeks to humiliate them and destroy their sovereignty. It plans to turn Cuba and Gaza into another fantasy island for the Epstein class.

In a similar vein, Marco Rubio, the US Secretary of State, recently gave a sickening speech at the Munich Security Conference, in which he proposed rededication to US imperialism, by using its economic and military might to steal the resources of other nations and to enslave their populations to corporate interests and to sow chaos and misery and other forms of debauchery.

To Rubio, that is how strong people treat the weak and powerless; they dominate them and plunder their sovereign nations without regard for their people’s needs. That is the mentality of a plantation owner and a Christian fascist.

Rubio’s intentions are clear: to impose US global dominance, to reassert its powers and to turn back the hands of time to the good ole days of slavery, child labor, colonial occupation, and the subjugation of non-whites. In a shameful display of sycophancy, the European capitalists gave Rubio a standing ovation.

As if turning a knife in the back of the resistance, Rubio also skewered “godless communists” for getting in the way of US imperialism around the planet. But if communism is godless, as Rubio asserts, it would therefore infer that capitalism is a religion of godliness, and it would also accord Rubio himself the status of one of its high priests. Although I am not a Christian or a member of any organized religion, I am quite certain that the prosperity gospel does not appear anywhere in the King James version of the Holy Bible.

What Rubio and his minions propose reeks of Manifest Destiny and American exceptionalism. It is a violent and oppressive ideology that fosters the assumed superiority of global oligarchs over working people. It treats the rest of the world as subjects to be ruled and punished by the rich and powerful, as if being poor were a sin punishable by death.

By now it should be abundantly clear to anyone with a conscience and an ethical code of conduct that the Buddhist monks peace walk was spiritually enlightened and life-affirming, whereas Marco Rubio’s speech on behalf of empire was death-affirming and dark. We Homo sapiens are enigmatic creatures. We often have difficulty connecting the dots and seeing the clear picture resolving before our eyes. Good and evil make a well-defined contrast to one another, as does the enlightenment and darkness of the human soul.

The effect those monks had on the people they met on their peace walk will stay with me for the rest of my life.

On the other hand, I hope that I can soon forget the vitriolic garbage spewed forth by the likes of Scott Bessent, Hillary Clinton and Marco Rubio. The thought of them and their psychologically deformed ideology literally makes me ill. We can and must do better. We needn’t pursue another trail of tears or create more reservations and American colonies. There are too many of them already.

Charles Sullivan is a writer/philosopher who resides in the Ridge and Valley Province of Turtle Island (North America). Email: charlessullivan7@comcast.netRead other articles by Charles.

Tuesday, February 24, 2026

 SPACE/COSMOS

Why some objects in space look like snowmen


Gravitational collapse may explain the origin of contact binaries in the Kuiper Belt, MSU simulation finds




Michigan State University

Kuiper belt image 

image: 

This image was taken by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft on Jan. 1, 2019 during a flyby of Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69, informally known as Ultima Thule. It is the clearest view yet of this remarkable, ancient object in the far reaches of the solar system – and the first small "KBO" ever explored by a spacecraft.

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Credit: NASA





Astronomers have long debated why so many icy objects in the outer solar system look like snowmen. Michigan State University researchers now have evidence of the surprisingly simple process that could be responsible for their creation.

Far beyond the violent, chaotic asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter lies what’s known as the Kuiper Belt. There, past Neptune, you’ll find icy, untouched building blocks from the dawn of the solar system, known as planetesimals. About one in 10 of these objects are contact binaries, planetesimals that are shaped like two connected spheres, much like Frosty the Snowman. But just how these objects came to be without the help of a magic silk hat was an open question.

Jackson Barnes, an MSU graduate student, has created the first simulation that reproduces the two-lobed shape naturally with gravitational collapse. His work is published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Earlier computational models treated colliding objects as fluid blobs that merged into spheres, making it impossible to form these unique shapes. Thanks to MSU’s Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research, or ICER, and its high-performance computing cluster, Barnes’ simulations produce a more realistic environment that allows objects to retain their strength and rest against one another.

Other formation theories involve special events or exotic phenomena that, while possible, aren’t likely to happen on a regular basis.

“If we think 10 percent of planetesimal objects are contact binaries, the process that forms them can’t be rare,” said Earth and Environmental Science Professor Seth Jacobson, senior author on the paper. “Gravitational collapse fits nicely with what we’ve observed.”

Contact binaries were first imaged up close by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft in January 2019. These images prompted scientists to take another look at other objects in the Kuiper belt, and it turned out that contact binaries accounted for about 10 percent of all planetesimals. These distant objects float mostly undisturbed and safe from collisions in the sparsely populated Kuiper belt.

In the early days of the Milky Way, the galaxy was a disc of dust and gas. Remnants of the galaxy’s formation are found in the Kuiper Belt, including dwarf planets like Pluto, comets and planetesimals.

Planetesimals are the first large planetary objects to form from the disc of dust and pebbles. Much like individual snowflakes that are packed into a snowball, these first planetesimals are aggregates of pebble-sized objects pulled together by gravity from a cloud of tiny materials.

Occasionally as the cloud rotates, it falls inward on itself, ripping the object apart and forming two separate planetesimals that orbit one another. Astronomers observe many binary planetesimals in the Kuiper belt. In Barnes’ simulation, the orbits of these objects spiral inward until the two gently make contact and fuse together while still maintaining their round shapes.

How do these two objects stay together throughout the history of the solar system? Barnes explains they’re simply unlikely to crash into another object. Without a collision, there’s nothing to break them apart. Most binaries aren’t even pocked with craters.

Scientists long suspected that gravitational collapse was responsible for forming these objects, but they couldn’t fully test the idea. Barnes’ model is the first to include the physics needed to reproduce contact binaries.

“We’re able to test this hypothesis for the first time in a legitimate way,” Barnes said. “That’s what’s so exciting about this paper.”

Barnes expects his model will help scientists understand binary systems of three or more objects. The team is also working to create a new simulation that better models the collapse process.

As more NASA missions explore uncharted realms of the solar system, Jacobson and Barnes suspect Frosty may have more distant cousins yet to be found.


Simulation of gravitational collapse [VIDEO] |

Jackson Barnes created this computer simulation showing how a contact binary’s two-lobed shape could be formed by gravitational collapse.

Contact binary example 

Jackson Barnes created this contact binary in a computer simulation showing how the two-lobed shape could be formed by gravitational collapse.

Credit

Michigan State University Jacobson Lab




New Horizons video [VIDEO] 

This short movie shows the view of Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 (nicknamed Ultima Thule) as seen by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft from Dec. 7, 2018 to Jan. 1, 2019. During the approach, Ultima Thule transforms from a faint dot 20 million miles (31 million kilometers) away, indistinguishable from thousands of background stars, to a newly revealed world unlike any seen before, from a range of 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers). The sequence consists of actual New Horizons images, taken at discrete intervals during the approach, supplemented with computer-generated intermediate frames in order to make a smooth movie. Time slows down during the movie to show clearly both the slow initial phases of the approach and the very rapid final stages. The final image is a parting crescent view of Ultima Thule, taken 10 minutes after closest approach occurred at 12:33 a.m. EST on Jan. 1.

Credit

NASA


STEM IS DEI

PhD student maps mysterious upper atmosphere of Uranus for the first time


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Northumbria University

Paola Tiranti of Northumbria University 

image: 

Paola Tiranti of Northumbria University

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Credit: Northumbria University/Barry Pells




A Northumbria University PhD student has led an international team of astronomers in creating the first-ever three-dimensional map of Uranus's upper atmosphere, revealing how the ice giant's unusual magnetic field shapes spectacular auroras high above the planet's clouds.

 

Using the James Webb Space Telescope, led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency), Paola Tiranti and her colleagues observed Uranus for nearly a full rotation, detecting the faint glow from molecules up to 5,000 kilometres above the cloud tops.

 

The observations provide the most detailed picture yet of where the planet's auroras form and how energy moves through its atmosphere.

 

The study, published today (19 Feb) in Geophysical Research Letters, also confirms that Uranus's upper atmosphere has continued to cool over the past thirty years – a trend that has been surprising scientists for over three decades.

 

Auroras occur when energetic particles become trapped in a planet's magnetic field and strike the upper atmosphere, releasing energy that creates a signature glow.

 

Using Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph, the team mapped out the temperature and density of ions in Uranus's ionosphere, a region where the atmosphere becomes ionised and interacts strongly with the planet's magnetic field.

 

The measurements revealed that temperatures peak between 3,000 and 4,000 kilometres above the cloud tops, whilst ion densities reach their maximum around 1,000 kilometres.

 

Speaking about the findings, lead author Paola Tiranti said: “This is the first time we've been able to see Uranus's upper atmosphere in three dimensions. With Webb's sensitivity, we can trace how energy moves upward through the planet's atmosphere and even see the influence of its lopsided magnetic field.”

 

Uranus's magnetosphere is one of the strangest in the Solar System. Unlike Earth, where the magnetic field is relatively aligned with the planet's rotation axis, Uranus's magnetic field is tilted by nearly 60 degrees and offset from the planet's centre. This means its auroras sweep across the surface in complex ways.

 

The Webb observations detected two bright auroral bands near Uranus's magnetic poles, together with a distinct depletion in emission and ion density between them – a feature likely linked to how magnetic field lines guide charged particles through the atmosphere. Similar darkened regions have been seen at Jupiter, where magnetic field geometry controls particle flow.

 

Webb's data also confirmed that Uranus's upper atmosphere is still cooling, extending a trend that began in the early 1990s. The team measured an average temperature of around 426 kelvins (about 150 degrees Celsius), lower than values recorded by ground-based telescopes or previous spacecraft observations.

 

Understanding why Uranus is cooling, despite being so far from the Sun, could provide crucial insights into how ice giant planets regulate their atmospheric temperature.

 

Paola Tiranti said: “By revealing Uranus's vertical structure in such detail, Webb is helping us understand the energy balance of the ice giants. This is a crucial step towards characterising giant planets beyond our Solar System.”

 

The study is based on data from JWST General Observer programme 5073, led by Dr Henrik Melin of Northumbria University, which used the telescope's Integral Field Unit on 19 January 2025 to observe Uranus for 15 hours.

 

Planetary scientists from Northumbria University's Solar and Space Physics peak of research excellence have been involved in a number of research projects using data from Webb, specifically exploring the upper atmospheres of our solar system's giant gas planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

 

 

The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).

  

Uranus (January 2025)

Credit

ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, STScI, P. Tiranti, H. Melin, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb)

Paola Tiranti of Northumbria University

Credit

Northumbria University/Barry Pells