Showing posts sorted by date for query octopus. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query octopus. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Wednesday, December 24, 2025

‘Year of the octopus’: How climate change is pushing the sea’s smartest creature into new territory


By Liam Gilliver
Published on 22/12/2025 EURONEWS

Unprecedented numbers of the common octopus have been found in British waters this year, but what’s behind the rare ‘bloom’?

An “exceptional” number of Mediterranean Octopus have been spotted along the south coast of England this year, putting on rarely-seen displays in shallow waters.

Revered as one of the most intelligent sea creatures, the elusive cephalopod (also known as the Common Octopus) is usually found further south in the warmer waters of the Mediterranean. They have been recorded in large numbers, often referred to as a bloom, in the UK before, but this year’s surge was the biggest since 1950.

Volunteers recorded a staggering 1,500 per cent increase in numbers from the “mini bloom” in 2023, and managed to get rare footage of the creatures ‘walking’, cleaning themselves and mating. One was even filmed grabbing at an underwater camera.

The influx led to conservation charity The Wildlife Trusts declaring 2025 ‘the Year of the Blooming Octopus’. But, is it really a phenomenon worth celebrating?

Why are octopuses moving to UK waters?


Ruth Williams, head of marine conservation at The Wildlife Trusts, says the “population explosion” is likely due to a combination of different environmental factors aligning, including warming waters.

“Sea temperatures are 1.5 to 3℃ higher than usual in the Southwest and warmer winters allow the octopus eggs to survive at higher rates,” she tells Euronews Green.

“However, more research is needed to understand the bloom in more detail.”

The temperature of seas and oceans is rising at an accelerating rate, as they continue to absorb excess heat from human-produced greenhouse gases.

A 2025 study, published in the journalEnvironmental Research Letters, warned that the surface of the ocean is warming four times faster than it was 40 years ago, while average sea surface temperatures have hit an all-time high.

“If the oceans were a bathtub of water, then in the 1980s, the hot tap was running slowly, warming up the water by just a fraction of a degree each decade,” says lead author Professor Chris Merchant.

“But now, the hot tap is running much faster and the warming has picked up speed. The way to slow down that warming is to start closing off the hot tap, by cutting global carbon emissions and moving towards net-zero.”
How does the octopus bloom impact the UK?

While the blooms are classed as a natural occurrence, this year’s record-breaking numbers caused trouble for the shellfish industry - with some workers claiming their catch had plummeted by at least 60 per cent during the summer months.

“Octopuses are predators and feed on lobster, crab and scallops, which are also caught by fishers,” explains Williams.

“If the number of octopus continues to increase then fishers will have to adapt and change their fishery accordingly and there is work underway to look into possible options.”

However, Williams adds that the spike in octopus numbers may be “short-lived” and numbers could return to more normal levels in future years.
A ‘welfare issue’: Is it legal to fish octopus in the UK?

The decrease in shellfish has heightened the demand for more restaurants to start offering octopus on their menu - and helps fishermen maintain their profits.

This summer, more than 1,200 tonnes of octopus were caught by fishermen in UK waters.

This is a significant increase on previous years, but won’t be well-received by animal-rights activists who have long called for octopus to be protected from being killed for human consumption.

In 2021, the UK government amended its Animal Welfare Bill to recognise octopuses as sentient beings, acknowledging that they can feel pain. This prohibits practices such as boiling them alive but does not go as far as stopping them from being killed.

“These are highly intellectual animals so there is a welfare issue, as with many animals caught or farmed for food production,” Williams adds.

Sunday, December 21, 2025

Netanyahu to float Iran attack plan to Trump amid nuclear 'concerns'

Israel is reportedly 'concerned' that Iran is revitalising its missile and nuclear programme, and is seeking to attack should this be the case.


The New Arab Staff
20 December, 2025


The US and Israel both engaged in strikes against Iran in June, amid the 12-Day War targeting several nuclear sites [Getty/file photo]


Israeli officials will brief US President Donald Trump on "concerns" they have over a potentially renewed Iranian ballistic missile programme, US media reported on Saturday, as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is set to meet with Trump in Florida later this month.

The Israeli officials are seeking to prepare attacks on Tehran should this be the case, US officials and a person familiar with the matter told the NBC network.

Israel and Iran were engaged in a 12-day-long war in June, with Tel Aviv striking Iranian nuclear facilities in a surprise attack on 13 June, and assassinating several military personnel and nuclear scientists. The US also struck Iran, claiming it had "obliterated" key nuclear sites, including Fordow and Natanz. Some assessments, however, concluded that the damage was exaggerated.

Over 1,000 people were killed in Iran by Israel in the strikes, including civilians. Tehran also retaliated with several missile and drone attacks.

Israel is also allegedly "concerned" that Iran is rebuilding the nuclear enrichment sites bombed by Washington.

A correspondent in Iran

"The nuclear weapons programme is very concerning. There’s an attempt to reconstitute. It’s not that immediate," one person with knowledge of the matter told NBC.

Trump and Netanyahu are due to meet in Miami, Florida, on 29 December at the President's Mar-a-Lago estate, where he is set to raise these concerns and make a case for swift action on Iran.

The Israeli premier will present a plan which would give the option for the US to join the potential action, the sources added.

The meeting, however, isn’t "formally set up," Trump told reporters on Thursday.

This comes as uncertainties hover over Iran’s nuclear deal talks with the US, which have stalled massively since Washington’s strikes in June. Tehran said it would consider a US proposal so long as it is "fair and balanced". Though Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said in November that Trump’s administration was "not worthy" of any contact or cooperation with the Islamic Republic.

Trump hinted last week that he might be "open" to resuming dialogue with Iran on the matter, but threatened to "wipe out" Iranian missiles if they were to rebuild without a deal.

In July, weeks after the US’ Midnight Hammer Operation on Iran, Trump echoed these sentiments concerning the targeted nuclear sites if Tehran sought to pursue nuclear enrichment activities.

Israel’s 12-day war with Iran, involving the US, came amid the wider Middle East crisis, triggered by Israel’s military campaign in Gaza, which has killed nearly 71,000 Palestinians since 7 October 2023, as well as the decades-long proxy war between the two foes.

A ceasefire brokered by Trump is currently being observed in the Palestinian enclave, though it has been violated hundreds of times by Israel, which has killed more than 380 Palestinians.

The US is seeking to move towards the ceasefire’s second phase, which will likely be discussed with Netanyahu.



Opinion


Inside the 5,000-day war on Iran

Israel's attack on Iran was the latest campaign in a longer war to subdue the region.
 December 19, 2025 
MONDOWEISS

Martyrs cemetery in Isfahan.
 (Photo: Wikimedia Commons/Mojtaba Jahanbakhsh)

I come back to the clip of Hamideh in a long fuchsia coat passing the Quran over her daughter’s head for the first day of school. It is September 2023. Her seven-year-old kisses the Book and walks beneath it.

Almost two years later, in the early hours of June 13, 2025, Hamideh’s building was hit as Israel hunted down Iran’s military-scientific establishment. Sixty lives were taken in that one blast, including Hamideh’s two daughters and husband.

We sit in a small room at her sister’s house. The power is out, but the afternoon sun slants in, casting a lattice of light and shadow. Hamideh wears a black dress and a long black shawl. The warmth in her brown eyes that I’d seen in all her photos has gone cold. “I had the most beautiful family,” she says, squeezing her eyes shut. Tears come in quick jets. Our weeping leaves a damp hush that settles us. She sits upright, touches my hand, and begins to speak again.

Hamideh and Alireza met as undergrads in engineering school in Isfahan. They married four years later in 2010.

“I loved you from the very first day,” he confessed. He was a teacher’s son, she a shopkeeper’s daughter. Classmates went abroad, but Alireza, who was born in the aftermath of the Imposed War — the war between Iraq and Iran from 1980 to 1988 — believed in staying to build the nation that had endured eight years of onslaught. Defense work carried prestige and honor. He began as a contractor with Parchin, the company known for its role in Iran’s missile program, and later took on a full-time position.

On Thursday, June 12, 2025, Hamideh cooked Alireza’s favorite meal: pilaf with braised shank. Ayma and Hida took turns doing Hamideh’s hair after lunch as they filled their backpacks. Ayma was more boisterous, while Hida walked with an air of mystery.

They had a routine of placing mats on the carpet in the living room and sleeping as “mother and girls.” But that night, they asked to sleep “father and girls.”

She kissed them goodnight and went into the bedroom at 1 a.m. At 3:30, she was awakened “with a shrieking red light.” She knew it was Israel.

“And then I was falling,” she says, gasping for air. She landed on the mattress with the frame of the bed protecting most of her body except her neck — there, she felt intense stabbing. “My mind was racing between the fear of paralysis and what had happened to Alireza and the kids.”

She heard sirens. A hand came to her through the crack in the wall. “My name is Omid,” a man told her. The name means hope. “I will help you get out.” She begged him not to leave.

The rescuer stayed and passed her a bottle of water. “It soothed but also awakened me. I was ready to jump out of my life,” she says.

She was in a black haze — and then she was in an ambulance. She was fully awake in the hospital. But no one knew who else had survived. “I prayed to see them alive, and if that wasn’t meant for us, to have God grant me patience.”

By nightfall, she was told Alireza’s body was found next to the girls. She was in the hospital with a treatable spinal injury, but they were gone, their flesh in pieces.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian attends the funeral of Iranians slain in Israel’s war on Iran, Tehran, June 28, 2025. (Photo: Office of the Iranian Presidency)

Hamideh doesn’t think she can rewrite the aftermath; it feels like it has been written. For
months, they had arranged to be away that week but abruptly postponed their plans at the last minute. She was supposed to be the one who slept with the girls in the living room. Then, suddenly, a great terror uprooted their lives, and she was on her own.

What does she think this force is? I ask.

Israel is targeting our societies by hitting our backbone, she explains.

That night, commanders, scientists, and engineers were killed alongside their families and neighbors. They were targeted in their homes, not in a battlefield.

The world is enabling Israel to murder our elders in their work and our children in their sleep, or as they fetch food and water. “What I saw people suffer in Gaza, which I couldn’t bear to look at (may I be forgiven), is now mine,” Hamideh says softly.

Does she have any clue how one survives? “I know I was granted the minimum I prayed for. I was given patience,” she answers.
In the garden of martyrs

I am at Rasoul Mosque, high on a hill. It is the chehelom — the fortieth day of mourning — for Sardar Gholam Ali Rashid, one of our armed forces’ most senior commanders, and his son, a young seminary student. Both were murdered by Israel in airstrikes on June 13. In the mosque courtyard, photos of Ayma, Hida, and the other children surround the pool, scented with sweet tuberose.

I climb to the women’s gallery and lean on the rail, watching the men gather directly under the dome. Sardar Rashid stares back at me from a banner that hangs beneath a blue-tile frieze the color of his eyes, inscribed with Aya 5 of Sura al-Jumu’ah: “The example of those who were entrusted with ˹observing˺ the Torah but failed to do so, is that of a donkey carrying books.”

“Chehelom,” or the fortieth day of mourning for Sardar Gholam Ali Rashid, senior commander of Iranian armed forces. (Photo courtesy of author)

A nuclear-armed U.S. outpost on the Eastern Mediterranean is usurping Judaism to annihilate our societies. The crimes it commits, like the “state” itself, know no boundaries. The order that preached “Human Rights” to us and that also enables Israel meant its right to commit genocide and crucify those willing to defy it.

I look downstairs. A veteran of the Imposed War, the war when Sardar Rashid first entered battle, removes his prosthetic leg and settles on the blue-and-white flatweave mat with diamond lattice. Children play tag behind me. A woman hands down laminated Quran pages rimmed with orange flowers. By each of us reading one, we contribute to the whole.

Sadeq Ahangaran steps to the podium. He is the war elegist, carrying the snowy mantle of old age. He once went to our soldiers on the front, which is now the city, where victims have no age limit. “Our beloved is gone. Our tulip is in the Garden of Martyrs,” he recites in an embered voice, the flickers of a fire settling.

A soft response begins to gather around him. We answer in a half-voice — a chorus shadowing him while hitting our chests in rhythm. The silence between the thuds is the terror we now own.

Our protectors have been taken. Tears burn my face and spot the green of my shawl. Ahangaran leaves an intentional pause, and the cadenced blows of sineh-zani — our collective expressions of grief — rise as the percussion of vibrating bodies breaks the quiet. The Martyr’s promise — to save — echoes up to the dome.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian attends the funeral of Iranians slain in Israel’s war on Iran, Tehran, June 28, 2025. (Photo: Office of the Iranian Presidency)


A river of names

It is August. We are still in a “ceasefire.”

“We cease; Israel fires,” the martyred Refaat Alareer said.

I’m at the office of Agahiyeh Nō magazine to meet 43-year-old journalist Sergei Barseghian. For the past few years, I’ve read him tear apart the “absolutely bonkers” opposition being tailored for Iran by the U.S. and Israel, “to bring democracy if they succeed in destroying us.”

He woke to the sound of explosions on June 13. “I wanted it to be the construction next door, but I knew what it was,” he says, running his hands over his silver quiff before saying, “Israel.”

What did he feel most of all? “It had already been clear in Gaza and Lebanon, but still, rage that they could commit such atrocities so openly,” he said. A political editor for Khabaronline, he went straight to his phone and laptop with his team. Neighbors and extended family were wiped out as entire apartment blocks like Hamideh’s were brought down: “a river of names…”

The target set — armed forces, defense industry, and later, broadcasting — was “to force capitulation by making it impossible to respond,” Barseghian says.

“On day three, Israel killed more than a dozen people waiting at a busy intersection. On day twelve, a hundred were massacred at a prison.”

But Barseghian had no intention of leaving the city. “I wasn’t afraid of death.”

He says Israel functions as a concentrated Western power, backed by diplomatic cover and missile defenses; for the attack on Iran alone, it received an IAEA endorsement and a quarter of America’s THAAD interceptors. The German foreign minister who defended attacks on hospitals in Gaza is presiding over the UNGA. “They gave up everything they had made for Israel,” Barseghian says.

However, he adds, unlike the past two Iranian dynasties that faced colonial Europe, the Islamic Republic of Iran has proven capable of defending its borders, despite claims that it would prove little more than a paper tiger that could be taken out with one swift blow.

Barseghian recalls watching Iranian air defenses from the rooftop as a child when Iraq, also backed by the United States, bombed Tehran. But he adds that as destruction intensifies, so does the distortion of language.

In Gaza, they said, “Hamas is under hospitals.” That, Barseghian argues, was how the bombings were normalized. In Iran, the euphemism shifts: “regime commanders,” “regime airspace” — as if our commanders and skies were not us.

The aim, he thinks, is to make a population numb to its own defense while legitimizing war crimes. But Iranians didn’t fall for it. Barseghian emphasizes that Iran has never accepted Israel as legitimate, “even during the Shah’s time when Israel worked with SAVAK,” the Shah’s notorious secret police.

A Palestine mural in Tehran. (Photo courtesy of author)


The wholeness Israel seeks to break

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are from this region and have lived together since their beginnings. People can’t be forced to accept an exclusively Jewish state, as is clear to Barseghian. He himself is an Iranian Christian, born in Tehran to Armenian parents from Isfahan. This longstanding coexistence undercuts Israel’s claim of a European right to Palestine — the wholeness itself is what Israel seeks to break.

“Look at Iraq, then Syria,” he says. “Now, they come after us.” Does he believe our nation can hold? I ask him.

So long as Iran has defenders, he responds, this country will continue to baffle its adversaries — and Israel will keep exposing itself.

The June Onslaught, to him, was proof. The commanders were loved by the nation for safeguarding our territorial integrity. But when they were taken, the continuity plan held; Iran did not fold, but forced Israel to retreat and seek a ceasefire. The martyrs were honored because they held the nation intact.

In July, Armita Rezaienejad — whose father was gunned down by Mossad in front of her eyes when she was five — asked an audience of journalists, “How can you call it a twelve-day war when my father was killed over five thousand days ago?”

We stand after one campaign in a longer war to subdue this region and “take out the head of the octopus” — Israel’s description of Iran — cast as the nerve center of resistance. Our elders foresaw the expansion of Israel and warned and prepared us. For daring to oppose it, our backs have been broken, our children turned to mangled flesh before our eyes. Still, our survival feels miraculous.

“Sardar Rashid loved Aya 47 of Surah al-Hajj,” his wife recalls in a sermon weeks after June 13, referring to a verse of the Holy Quran. In it, God promises justice, but “a day with your Lord is indeed like a thousand years by your counting.” He had conviction that it would come, she explains, but not according to a timeline we determine, and the only way to endure as a people was to bear witness.

Nargol Aran
Nargol writes from Tehran, Iran.







Thursday, November 27, 2025

CTHULHU STUDIES

Vampires in the deep: An ancient link between octopuses and squids



A 'genomic living fossil' reveals how evolution of octopuses and squids diverged more than 300 million years ago






University of Vienna

The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis sp.) is one of the most enigmatic animals of the deep sea. 

image: 

The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis sp.) is one of the most enigmatic animals of the deep sea.

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Credit: Steven Haddock_MBARI




In a study now published in iScience, researchers from the University of Vienna (Austria), National Institute of Technology - Wakayama College (NITW; Japan), and Shimane University (Japan) present the largest cephalopod genome sequenced to date. Their analyses show that the vampire squid has retained parts of an ancient, squid-like chromosomal architecture, and thus revealing that modern octopuses evolved from squid-like ancestors.

The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis sp.) is one of the most enigmatic animals of the deep sea. With its dark body, large eyes that can appear red or blue, and cloak-like webbing between its arms, it earned its dramatic name – although it does not suck blood, but feeds peacefully on organic detritus. "Interestingly, in Japanese, the vampire squid is called "kōmori-dako", which means 'bat-octopus'", says one of three lead PIs of this project, Masa-aki Yoshida, Shimane University. Yet its outward appearance hides an even deeper mystery: despite being classified among octopuses, it also shares characteristics with squids and cuttlefish. To understand this paradox, an international team led by Oleg Simakov from the University of Vienna, together with Davin Setiamarga (NITW) and Masa-aki Yoshida (Shimane University), has now decoded the vampire squid genome.

A glimpse into deep-sea evolution

By sequencing the genome of Vampyroteuthis sp., the researchers have reconstructed a key chapter in cephalopod evolution. "Modern" cephalopods (coleoids) – including squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish – split more than 300 million years ago into two major lineages: the ten-armed Decapodiformes (squids and cuttlefish) and the eight-armed Octopodiformes (octopuses and the vampire squid). Despite its name, the vampire squid has eight arms like an octopus but shares key genomic features with squids and cuttlefish. It occupies an intermediate position between these two lineages – a connection that its genome reveals for the first time at the chromosomal level. Although it belongs to the octopus lineage, it retains elements of a more ancestral, squid-like chromosomal organization, providing new insight into early cephalopod evolution.

An enormous genome with ancient architecture

At over 11 billion base pairs, the genome of the vampire squid is roughly four times larger than the human genome – the largest cephalopod genome ever analyzed. Despite this size, its chromosomes show a surprisingly conserved structure. Because of this, Vampyroteuthis is considered a "genomic living fossil" – a modern representative of an ancient lineage that preserves key features of its evolutionary past. The team found that it has preserved parts of a decapodiform-like karyotype while modern octopuses underwent extensive chromosomal fusions and rearrangements during evolution. This conserved genomic architecture provides new clues to how cephalopod lineages diverged. "The vampire squid sits right at the interface between octopuses and squids," says the senior author Oleg Simakov from the Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology at the University of Vienna. "Its genome reveals deep evolutionary secrets on how two strikingly different lineages could emerge from a shared ancestor."

Octopus genomes formed their own evolutionary highway

By comparing the vampire squid with other sequenced species, including the pelagic octopus Argonauta hians, the researchers were able to trace the direction of chromosomal changes over evolutionary time. The genome sequence of Argonauta hians ("paper nautilus"), a "weird" pelagic octopus whose females secondarily obtained a shell-like calcified structure, was also presented for the first time in this study. The analysis suggests that early coleoids had a squid-like chromosomal organization, which later fused and compacted into the modern octopus genome – a process known as fusion-with-mixing. These irreversible rearrangements likely drove key morphological innovations such as the specialization of arms and the loss of external shells. "Although it is classified as an octopus, the vampire squid retains a genetic heritage that predates both lineages," adds second author Emese Tóth, University of Vienna. "It gives us a direct look into the earliest stages of cephalopod evolution."

Revisiting cephalopod evolution

The study provides the clearest genetic evidence yet that the common ancestor of octopuses and squids was more squid-like than previously thought. It highlights that large-scale chromosomal reorganization, rather than the emergence of new genes, was the main driver behind the remarkable diversity of modern cephalopods. 

About the University of Vienna: 

For over 650 years the University of Vienna has stood for education, research and innovation. Today, it is ranked among the top 100 and thus the top four per cent of all universities worldwide and is globally connected. With degree programmes covering over 180 disciplines, and more than 10,000 employees we are one of the largest academic institutions in Europe. Here, people from a broad spectrum of disciplines come together to carry out research at the highest level and develop solutions for current and future challenges. Its students and graduates develop reflected and sustainable solutions to complex challenges using innovative spirit and curiosity.

Wednesday, November 12, 2025

WTF

Istanbul prosecutor demands up to 2,352 years in prison for Erdogan rival Imamoglu

Istanbul prosecutor demands up to 2,352 years in prison for Erdogan rival Imamoglu
Imamoglu at a hearing in a prison courthouse held in September. / t.me/e_imamoglu
By bne IntelliNews November 12, 2025

Istanbul’s chief prosecutor on November 11 said in a filed 4,000-page indictment that Istanbul’s opposition mayor Ekrem Imamoglu should be imprisoned for 828 to 2,352 years for committing 142 corruption offences.

The multiple cases brought against Imamoglu are widely seen as the work of a regime determined to sideline him in order to prevent him from running against the president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, in elections, which popular wisdom says would result in a clear victory for the charismatic Imamoglu. The main opposition party CHP has said it will make every effort to keep Imamoglu as its presidential candidate despite the prosecutions mounted against him. He has been in pre-trial custody since mid-March, denying any wrongdoing and describing charges brought against him as a concocted implausible absurdity designed to keep him out of politics. Imamoglu in September described the behaviour of the regime as "bankrupting hope in this country".

The Istanbul chief prosecutor, Akin Gurlek, has targeted Imamoglu as well as 401 others, saying there is a criminal corruption network with the mayor at its head.

Gurlek alleges the Turkish state has suffered losses totalling as much as Turkish lira (TRY) 160bn ($3.8bn) caused by the activities of the claimed criminal organisation, previously dubbed an "octopus-like" structure by Erdogan.

Imamoglu is cited on 12 counts of bribery, seven counts of money laundering from criminal proceeds and seven counts of fraud against public institutions and organisations.

He’s also facing allegations related to espionage and has been accused of forging his university diploma, which has been annulled. This is a difficulty in that the law states that a presidential candidate must have a degree of higher education.

The Erdogan administration denies claims that the judiciary is used as a political instrument against opponents. However, it is well known for disregarding verdicts on appeals to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) that go against it.

CHP leader Ozgur Ozel on November 11 said that no-one else in his party would run for the presidency, saying of Imamoglu: "His crime is to run for the next presidency of this country. He has no other crime!"

In comments to his party’s MPs, Ozel sarcastically added: "Could he have committed electoral fraud, had a fake diploma, been a thief, a terrorist and a spy at the same time?"




Tuesday, November 11, 2025

 

Moving past the mouse – genetic advances inspire new frontiers





Michigan State University

Samples of models beyond the mouse 

image: 

Electric eels (top), sea lamprey (lower left) and sulfur-crested cockatoos all hold promise to move research forward. 

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Credit: Michigan State University





Recent epic leaps in genetics have created a biodiversity library. As the genetic make-up of animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and viruses has been mapped, researchers racing to develop solutions to today’s global challenges run into a question:

Why be limited to a mouse?

Electric eels, octopi, birds, sponges, and plastic-gobbling bacteria are amongst the new stages on which discovery is unfolding. The challenge is to refine the theater to optimize performance.

In today’s Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Michigan State University evolutionary biologist Jason Gallant presses a case for research – from classrooms and laboratories to funding agencies and patent offices – to take full advantage of a supersized research toolbox.

Conventional research models, most notably mice, frogs, zebrafish, flies, roundworms, and yeast, were go-to models. Their genetic makeup was best understood, they were easy to keep in a laboratory, and scientific communities rallied around them with support and powerful databases. While successes have been robust, more than 80% of potential therapeutics developed via mouse models fail when tested in people. And neither mice nor fruit flies offer tempting pathways to answer questions about environmental or changing climate.

“We have been given amazing tools and opportunities to tailor research models to specific questions,” Gallant said. “These exciting developments mean we have to do things differently – how we train scientists so they can be faster and smarter as they look for discoveries and inventions.”

The nervous system of an octopus may hold answers to controlling prosthetic limbs, and sea sponges have already pointed to life-saving drugs. Birds’ rapid adaptations harbor lessons in coping mechanisms. Bacteria have shown an appetite to “eat” plastic to help clean up oceans.

Relying predominantly on traditional models, Gallant argues, overlooks enormous biological innovation that can be found among the roughly 8.7 million species estimated to be alive today: life has evolved innovations—disease resistance, novel metabolic pathways, unique symbioses— that can offer solutions to urgent problems.

“So many exciting doors have been opened,” Gallant said. “It would be unconscionable not to stride through them to a new future.”

Already at Michigan State University and universities across the country, scientists exploring biodiversity and its potential are creating supportive channels, notably in organizations under the umbrella of ecology and evolution.

“The crowdsourcing of support and wisdom is invaluable in science,” said Professor Elise Zipkin, director of MSU’s Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior graduate program. “Creating multi-disciplinary groups is a great start, but to truly advance discovery and strengthen educating the next generation of scientists, it is crucial that specific investments in infrastructure be made."

Gallant’s Electric Fish Lab explores nervous-system proteins by studying electric eels. He has colleagues across the East Lansing campus with an unconventional army of plants, animals and microbes. They have ‘bottled evolution’ by studying bacteria. Devised innovative solutions to invasive species using lamprey pheromones. Identified how rough-skinned newts produce potent neurotoxins without poisoning themselves.

It's time, he argues, for science to shift with the seismic changes – starting with the silos that often physically separate researchers into different buildings, academic pathways, and different funding streams. A researcher today who chooses to explore with an unconventional model picks a lonelier path as they wrestle with figuring out how to keep the models thriving and affordable.  

“We don’t need to leave the mouse behind,” Gallant said. “We just need to invite the rest of life into the lab.”