Wednesday, October 22, 2025

Saudi Arabia Condemns Israeli Draft Laws For Annexation Of Palestinian Land


IDF soldiers and Israeli settlers. File Photo by ISM Palestine, Wikimedia Commons.



October 23, 2025 

By Arab News


Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry condemned the preliminary approval by the Israeli parliament on Wednesday of two draft laws, one of which seeks to legitimize an illegal settlement in the occupied West Bank, and another attempting to impose Israeli sovereignty over the entire territory.

The Kingdom said it firmly rejected all settlement and expansionist activity by Israeli occupation authorities in the West Bank, and reaffirmed its support for the right of Palestinians to establish an independent state based on pre-1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital, in line with international resolutions.

The ministry reminded the international community of its responsibility to implement UN resolutions and halt Israeli encroachments on Palestinian territory, and called for a peace process that results in a two-state solution to achieve security and stability in the region, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

Earlier, Israeli lawmakers voted in the Knesset to advance two bills related to annexation of the West Bank, a goal promoted by far-right ministers. The drafts will have to go through three additional votes in the parliament to become law.

The first bill, which passed by 32 votes to 9, proposes annexation of a large Israeli settlement east of Jerusalem. The second, which proposes annexation of the entire West Bank, narrowly passed by 25 votes to 24.


World Court Says Israel Obliged To Let Aid Flow Into Occupied Palestinian Territory


The Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands), seat of the International Court of Justice. Credit: Jeroen Bouman - Courtesy of the ICJ.


October 23, 2025 
By UN News


The International Court of Justice (ICJ) says that Israel must uphold its responsibilities as the “occupying power” by ensuring aid can flow freely and by respecting the rights of the UN and other humanitarian agencies working in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

In a detailed advisory opinion requested by the General Assembly, the UN’s top court found that Israel is required to “ensure that the population of the Occupied Palestinian Territory [OPT] has the essential supplies of daily life, including food, water, clothing, bedding, shelter, fuel, medical supplies and services.”

The court called on Israel to also “respect and protect” all aid workers, medical personnel and facilities.

By ten votes to one, judges also held that Israel “has an obligation” to cooperate in good faith with the UN, “providing every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,” including the Palestine refugee relief agency, UNRWA.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres described the ICJ opinion as “very important”, adding that it came at a moment when the UN is doing all it can to surge aid into Gaza following the ceasefire.

The opinion – requested in December 2024 – addresses Israel’s obligations in relations to the UN and other international organizations and countries vested in humanitarian operations in Palestine.

In a sign of the level of international engagement in the case, 45 States and organizations filed written statements, and 39 presented oral arguments during hearings held from 28 April to 2 May 2025.

Why the court matters

The ICJ, based in The Hague, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.

It settles legal disputes between States and gives advisory opinions at the request of UN bodies.

The opinions are not legally binding, but they carry significant moral and legal authority and often guide international policy and practice.
Bound by international law

The ICJ held that Israel is bound by international humanitarian law and human rights law to respect and protect civilians in the OPT, ensuring that aid workers and medical facilities are safeguarded and that no civilians are forcibly transferred or deprived of food.

Ten of the eleven judges agreed that Israel must respect the privileges and immunities of the UN and its officials, in accordance with the UN Charter. This includes “the inviolability” of all UN premises – including those managed by UNRWA.

Vice-President Julia Sebutinde of Uganda cast the sole dissenting vote in several sections.

The ICJ also reaffirmed Israel’s obligation to allow the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) access to detainees in the OPT and to “respect the prohibition on the use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare.”

Israel’s Foreign Ministry said in a social media post that it “categorically rejects” the ICJ’s advisory opinion, describing it as “yet another political attempt to impose political measures against Israel.”

The Gaza Deal And The Missed Opportunity For US Unity – OpEd


October 23, 2025 
By Arab News
By Dalia Al-Aqidi



The world watched in awe as US President Donald Trump’s peace deal last week brought an end to the devastating war in Gaza. After two years of bloodshed, hostage crises and humanitarian suffering, the guns finally fell silent. Arab leaders, world powers and millions of ordinary people celebrated a long-awaited moment of relief and hope.

Yet, as much of the world celebrated this long-awaited step toward peace, the reaction within the US exposed a deeper truth about the nation itself — it is so polarized by partisanship that even the promise of peace could not bridge its political divide.

From Cairo to Riyadh and Jerusalem to Washington, the agreement was welcomed as a turning point. Arab leaders praised Trump’s leadership for restoring diplomacy to a region that had lost faith in it. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi called the deal “a historic, defining moment.” Leaders from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Jordan and Morocco hailed the ceasefire as a long-overdue step toward regional stability and humanitarian recovery.

Even long-time skeptics admitted that this deal achieved what countless attempts before it could not: it brought an end to the war and opened a path to stability. It did not emerge in a vacuum but was grounded in the legacy of the Abraham Accords. Those accords changed the Middle East’s diplomatic map by proving that peace and partnership could replace endless hostility.

While much of the world celebrated, America’s response was deeply divided. Republicans across the country praised the agreement as a landmark achievement in diplomacy and a testament to the president’s leadership. They argued that Trump had once again delivered what others only spoke of: real progress toward peace through strength, resolve and a clear understanding of the region’s realities. To them, the deal was not just a political win but proof that principled leadership could accomplish what years of cautious diplomacy had failed to do.

But the Democratic Party, instead of joining the world in celebrating this historic moment, chose silence and, in some cases, open doubt. Many of its leaders downplayed the importance of the agreement and were unwilling to acknowledge what had been achieved. Rather than recognize a rare victory for peace, they focused on politics. Some even dismissed the deal as “temporary” or “election-driven,” as if stopping the bloodshed and saving innocent lives were not reason enough for gratitude. Their reaction showed how deeply politics has divided America, even when peace should have united everyone.

Progressive figures such as Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and her allies could not bring themselves to welcome the simple fact that the war had finally stopped. Instead of showing relief that lives were being saved, they used the moment to attack the administration by accusing it of hypocrisy and of ignoring what they called “injustice.” Their response made it clear that ideology, not humanity, guides much of today’s political debate. By refusing to see peace as a good thing simply because it came from the other side of the political aisle, they showed how deeply partisanship has replaced both common sense and compassion in America’s public life.

It was a powerful and revealing moment. While Arab, Jewish and Western leaders stood side by side to welcome a long-awaited peace, some of America’s loudest progressive voices chose to stay divided. At a time when the world was coming together to celebrate hope and an end to violence, they focused instead on blame and politics. Their reaction showed how wide America’s political divisions have become, when even peace is seen through a partisan lens and unity becomes something to resist rather than embrace.

The reaction of the mainstream liberal media was no better. Rather than celebrate the diplomatic breakthrough, many networks and newspapers sought to minimize it. Coverage focused on doubts, whether the ceasefire would last, who might benefit politically or what Trump’s “motives” were. The humanitarian relief and release of hostages received only limited attention.

In contrast, conservative media outlets and many independent journalists described the agreement for what it truly was: historic and hopeful. They focused on the bigger picture, recognizing that, when diplomacy works, the entire world benefits, no matter which political party happens to be in power. To them, peace itself was the real victor.

But for much of the mainstream press, admitting that Trump had played a role in ending the war seemed harder than recognizing that the suffering had finally stopped. Instead of celebrating the lives saved and the violence halted, many chose to minimize the achievement because it did not fit their political narrative. It was a reminder that, in today’s America, media bias can sometimes overshadow truth, even when the story is one of peace.

This pattern is not new. When the Abraham Accords were signed in 2020, normalizing relations between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan, many of the same media outlets treated it as a minor story. Yet those accords reshaped the region, inspired economic cooperation and opened new channels of dialogue that eventually paved the way for the current Gaza peace.

Refusing to recognize these historic milestones does not harm Trump; it harms America’s moral image in the eyes of the world. When peace is viewed as a political win instead of a human victory, it sends the wrong message about what America stands for. It suggests that saving lives and ending wars only matter if they bring political benefit. This attitude weakens the credibility of US diplomacy and makes it harder for other nations to trust America as a fair and consistent partner. True leadership means celebrating peace, no matter who achieves it, because the goal should always be stability, security and hope, not political points.

For nearly two years, America’s streets overflowed with protests demanding peace in Gaza. College campuses turned into arenas of anger and slogans. Then came silence.

When the peace deal was announced, the same voices that had shouted for a ceasefire disappeared. There were no celebrations, no gratitude, no joy that the war had ended.

That silence revealed something deeper; many protests were never about peace but about politics. Once Trump achieved what they said they wanted, their outrage lost purpose. When activism turns into a habit of anger, real solutions become inconvenient.

When peace is achieved, it should be celebrated by everyone, Republicans, Democrats and independents alike. Ignoring or downplaying peace just because of political differences goes against the values America stands for. The world looks to Washington for moral leadership, not for small-minded politics or division. True strength is shown when a nation can rise above partisanship to recognize what is right and just.Dalia Al-Aqidi is executive director at the American Center for Counter Extremism.

 

MOL OIL INC. says no risk to domestic fuel supply after Danube refinery blaze

MOL says no risk to domestic fuel supply after Danube refinery blaze
MOL's Danube refinery. / MOL
By bne IntelliNews October 22, 2025

MOL is assessing damage at its Danube Refinery near Budapest (Szazhalombatta) after firefighters extinguished a blaze that broke out on October 20 at one of its main crude distillation units, affecting 40% of output, financial website Portfolio.hu writes.

According to both the government and the oil company, Hungary’s domestic fuel supply remains secure, although the incident could lead to temporary price increases due to additional repair and replacement costs. First comments by analysts suggest that the fire could have wider regional consequences.

Prime Minister Viktor Orban, in a Facebook post on October 21, ordered a full and strict investigation into the circumstances of the fire, which erupted in the AV3 distillation unit, one of three main facilities processing crude oil at the site, which accounts for 40% of the plant’s processing capacities.

Krisztian Pulay, executive director of MOL, said at a press conference on October 21 that the fire was fully extinguished by late morning, no injuries were reported, and there was no evidence of any external interference, sabotage, or connection to a recent explosion at the Lukoil refinery in Romania.

Pulay said the full assessment of the damage can only begin once the affected area has cooled, likely within 24 hours, while those parts, the other distilling units not affected by the fire are being restarted.

Industry experts interviewed by state news agency MTI said that repairs could take several weeks or months, depending on the extent of the damage. Some noted that the refinery’s other two distillation units (AV1 and AV2) can temporarily increase output, reducing the overall impact.

Analysts at Erste Investment said, based on the images and footage, that around 40% of the refining capacities could be lost for several months. The AV3 unit has an annual processing capacity of 3mn tonnes, making it the largest of the three distillation units at the Danube Refinery, commented Tamas Pletscher.

This means that MOL may have to purchase additional fuel on the market or draw from strategic reserves, enough to secure domestic supply for 90 days.

At the same time, analysts warned that the costs of repairs, production losses, and increased fuel imports would weigh on MOL’s finances and could translate into higher retail fuel prices.

Sources told MTI that the company is unlikely to fully absorb these costs. Still, the government is expected to avoid any measures that could disrupt supply or trigger fuel shortages similar to those seen at the end of 2022.

Market observers added that the company may redirect part of the production from its Slovnaft refinery in Bratislava to the Hungarian market, ensuring continuity without significantly increasing crude oil imports. 

Erste warned in the report that the outage at MOL's Hungarian unit could have ripple effects across the Central and Southeast European fuel markets, naming Serbia, where the country’s sole oil refinery, operated by NIS, has been hit by US sanctions due to Russian ownership ties. Since October 8, the company has been unable to import crude oil, raising the risk that its refinery in Pančevo may have to suspend operations within weeks unless an alternative solution is found.

The Erste analysts warned that Serbia could face severe fuel shortages if MOL’s export capacity remains limited.

They also pointed out that Serbia’s energy situation is compounded by uncertainty over gas supplies. Gazprom has declined to renew its long-term gas contract with Belgrade beyond the end of this year, citing supply risks. Washington is reportedly pressuring Serbia to bring NIS and its gas infrastructure under state control to escape sanctions and open access to alternative supply routes.

However, the Serbian government has so far resisted such moves, leaving President Aleksandar Vučić in a difficult position. Aligning with the West could ease energy pressures but risk political backlash at home, while staying loyal to Russia could lead to a paralysing energy crisis, Erste concluded.

 

China accuses Washington of “bullying” over visa ban threats in Central America

China accuses Washington of “bullying” over visa ban threats in Central America
"By placing domestic laws above international law and its obligations, the US is undermining the legitimate rights and interests of other nations, seriously violating the principles of sovereign equality and non-interference in internal affair," said Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Guo Jiakun. / xinhua
By bnl editorial staff October 22, 2025

China has sharply criticised the United States for its decision to impose visa restrictions on Central American officials and citizens accused of ties to the Chinese Communist Party, describing the move as evidence of American “arrogance and bias."

The US State Department announced last month that it would bar entry to individuals from the region “intentionally acting on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party” or those who “knowingly direct, authorise, fund, provide significant support to, or carry out activities that undermine the rule of law in Central America.” Washington framed the measure as advancing President Donald Trump’s efforts to safeguard America’s economic and national security interests.

Beijing condemned the decision, saying the policy represents political coercion under the guise of the rule of law. At a regular press briefing on November 21, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said the US was using “illegal actions” disguised as legal tools to pressure regional governments and individuals. The policy, he added, places domestic law above international obligations, undermining sovereignty and “seriously disrupting the international order.”

“The accusations are malicious, baseless, and show a lack of respect for Central American nations,” Guo said, accusing Washington of habitual bullying. He also pledged that “China will always be a good friend and partner to Central American countries” and would continue to promote “development and revitalisation” across the region, as quoted by Chinese state media.

According to the SCMP, tensions escalated after Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino revealed that US embassy officials had threatened to revoke visas for government personnel over Chinese connections. US ambassador Kevin Marino Cabrera responded that “a visa is a privilege, not a right,” and defended the restrictions as consistent with American law.

Cabrera later described China’s growing role in the Panama Canal as “malign,” claiming Beijing was “fooling Latin America with its investments,” in comments to local outlet Contrapeso Panamá. The remarks came as Panama moved to renegotiate agreements with Hong Kong-based CK Hutchison’s Panama Ports Company, which controls two major terminals on the canal.

Panama, under US pressure, pulled out of China’s flagship Belt and Road Initiative infrastructure programme earlier this year. Meanwhile, the visa crackdown has already affected other regional figures. As reported by the SCMP, Vanessa Castro, vice-president of Costa Rica's Congress, claimed that US officials had cancelled her visa last July on the grounds of alleged ties to Beijing.

China’s influence in Central America has expanded dramatically in recent years, with several countries shifting diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to Beijing and joining the BRI. Notably, Guatemala remains the only country in the region maintaining diplomatic relations with Taiwan rather than the People's Republic of China.




 

India, US near major trade deal cutting tariffs to 15–16% if New Delhi will limit Russian crude imports

India, US near major trade deal cutting tariffs to 15–16% if New Delhi will limit Russian crude imports
/ Executive Office of the President of the US
By bno - Mumbai Office October 23, 2025

India and the United States are close to finalising a long-awaited bilateral trade deal that could sharply lower tariffs on Indian exports to about 15–16% from the current average of 50%, Mint reported on October 22. The deal, part of which has been under discussion for several years, seeks to reset trade ties between the two nations by balancing market access with energy and agricultural commitments.

According to the report, energy and agriculture are the key components driving the negotiations. India may also agree to gradually scale down its imports of Russian crude oil in return for tariff concessions from Washington. The purchases of Russian oil had earlier triggered an additional 25% levy on Indian exports, adding to the reciprocal tariffs announced in April. Russia currently accounts for nearly 34% of India’s crude imports, while the US supplies about 10% of its total oil and gas demand by value.

The Indian side is also considering allowing larger imports of non-genetically modified corn and soymeal from the US to meet growing domestic demand from the poultry, dairy and ethanol sectors. The current import quota for American corn is 0.5mn tonnes a year, and this could be raised even though duties will remain unchanged at 15%. The move is seen as part of a broader effort to address food security while giving Washington a foothold in India’s agriculture market.

Negotiations have also focused on easing the entry of non-GM soymeal for both human and livestock consumption. However, discussions remain inconclusive on tariff concessions for dairy products, especially high-end cheese, a key American demand, Mint added. Sensitive areas like agriculture and energy still need political clearance before the deal is formally announced.

Mint reported that the bilateral trade agreement is likely to be unveiled at the ASEAN Summit later this month, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Donald Trump may meet. The deal’s contours are largely settled, with a built-in review mechanism that would allow both sides to revisit tariff and market access conditions periodically.

Energy cooperation remains another important component. India, which imports around $12–13bn worth of crude and gas annually from the US, could expand this by a similar amount if pricing remains favourable. The commerce ministry, external affairs ministry and the national security adviser’s office are jointly steering the negotiations, with a target to conclude the deal by November 2025.

The talks come as the US looks to deepen trade ties with allies amid falling agricultural exports to China and shifting global supply chains. A successful agreement would mark one of the most significant resets in India–US trade relations in recent years.

In market indicators, the GIFT Nifty index rose sharply on the back of the Mint report, suggesting that Indian equities could open at or near a record high on October 23. Indian stock markets were closed on October 22 for Diwali.

Gift Nifty, formerly known as SGX Nifty, is a derivative contract linked to India's Nifty 50 index, originally traded on the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX). 

Serbian president calls fire, shooting outside parliament a terrorist attack


Serbian president calls fire, shooting outside parliament a terrorist attack
The gunman shot a 57-year-old man in the leg before firing at a gas canister, triggering a blaze that engulfed one of the tents. / X/Srdan_Crnjanski
By bne IntelliNews October 22, 2025

A shooting and subsequent fire broke out outside the Serbian parliament in central Belgrade on October 22, injuring one person and prompting President Aleksandar Vucic to label the incident a “terrorist attack”.

The incident occurred amid prolonged unrest and social polarisation in Serbia, following nearly a year of student-led protests sparked by a deadly train station collapse in Novi Sad in November 2024.

According to Serbian authorities, a 70-year-old man opened fire on a tent settlement of pro-government supporters — known as "Ćaciland" — located in front of the National Assembly building. The gunman shot a 57-year-old man in the leg before reportedly firing at a gas canister, triggering a blaze that engulfed one of the tents.

Police responded swiftly, detaining the suspect at the scene. Health officials said the injured man was transported to the Emergency Centre in critical condition and is undergoing surgery.

Vucic later revealed that the attacker is a retired employee of the former State Security Service (DB), has held a firearms permit since 1993 and has been receiving a state pension since 2009.

In a nationally televised address, Vucic described the incident as “a terrorist act” and accused opposition forces of fostering a climate of division and hatred. “This could have happened in any Serbian city,” he said.

Footage from the scene, released at the press conference, shows the suspect admitting that he targeted the encampment because the tents “annoyed him” and that he hoped the police would kill him. The president suggested the attacker may have been attempting to feign mental instability. “He knew exactly what he was doing,” Vucic said.

Government officials, including First Deputy Prime Minister Sinisa Mali and Defence Minister Bratislav Gasic, condemned the attack and linked it to the opposition protest movement. Mali described the assailant as a “blockader” — a term associated with anti-government demonstrators.

“This is a direct consequence of the hatred that anti-state forces have been spreading systematically for the past year,” Gasic said.

As investigators continue to gather details, Vucic claimed that more revelations would follow: “There will be interesting things to uncover during the investigation,” he said, adding that authorities are reviewing potential connections to broader "destabilisation" efforts.        

Asian carrot smuggling ring busted in the Philippines

Asian carrot smuggling ring busted in the Philippines
/ Nick Fewings - Unsplash
By bno - Taipei Office October 23, 2025

The Philippines Bureau of Customs (BOC) has seized smuggled carrots worth an estimated PHP13.2mn ($222,000) at the Port of Manila, after uncovering a shipment from China falsely declared as dry goods and household items according to The Philippine Star.

The cargo, consigned to Fourth Consumer Goods Trading, contained more than 53,000 kilograms of carrots that were already beginning to rot the report adds. The shipment, which arrived on October 2, had been declared as dry goods, bathroom fixtures, napkins and storage boxes in an apparent attempt to evade detection.

According to the BOC, the vegetables were transported in a standard dry container rather than a refrigerated one — a tactic believed to be part of a new smuggling method developed after tighter customs screening of imported agricultural products. Officials in the Philippines said the shipment had not undergone inspection by the Department of Agriculture, raising concerns that chemicals may have been used to preserve the carrots during transport according to the report.

The bureau also confirmed that criminal charges would be filed against those responsible under the Anti-Agricultural Smuggling Act, a non-bailable offence carrying penalties of life imprisonment. Authorities estimated that the illicit consignment would have generated around PHP1.3mn in duties and taxes had it been legally declared.

 

When we dream, does our brain wake up?



An international consortium of researchers has created the largest-ever database compiling records of brain activity during sleep and dream reports. Discover some of the first findings



BIAL Foundation




An international consortium of researchers has created the largest-ever database compiling records of brain activity during sleep and dream reports. One of the first analyses of the database confirmed that dreams do not occur only during REM sleep, but also during deeper and calmer NREM stages. In these cases, brain activity resembles wakefulness more than deep sleep, as if the brain were “partially awake”.

One third of a healthy adult’s life is spent sleeping, and a significant portion of that time is spent dreaming. Throughout the night, during any sleep stage, subjective conscious experiences, what we call dreams, can repeatedly occur.

Interest in dreams dates back thousands of years, from ancient Egypt to ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Greece, and spans many cultures and traditions. While dreams have long fascinated the public, their study holds substantial scientific value, supporting various research areas, including clinical topics (such as parasomnias, like sleepwalking), neurocognitive domains (such as learning and memory), and the basic ones (like the neural correlates of consciousness).

Numerous studies have explored what happens in the human brain during dreaming, contributing to major advances in the scientific exploration of human consciousness. However, until now, there had never been a comprehensive integration of data that would allow for broad analysis of findings.

In this context, an international consortium of researchers, including Giulio Bernardi (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy), supported by the Bial Foundation, created DREAM - Dream EEG and Mentation, the largest database ever assembled that combines recordings of brain activity during sleep with dream reports. This unique collection enables the study of dreams on an unprecedented scale and with rigorous analysis, addressing one of the field’s biggest challenges: the lack of comparable and accessible large data samples.

Bringing together multicentred records of electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and dream reports, DREAM includes over 2,600 awakenings from 505 participants across 20 different studies. It is freely available at monash.edu/dream-database and welcomes contributions from laboratories worldwide.

In the article A dream EEG and mentation database, published in the scientific journal Nature Communications, the authors present DREAM and the first analyses of the database, which revealed surprising results: dreams are not exclusive to REM sleep (the phase where the brain is most active and the eyes move rapidly), but also happen during NREM sleep, in its deeper and calmer stages. Interestingly, when dreams occur in NREM, brain activity resembles wakefulness more than deep sleep, as if the brain were “partially awake”.

Moreover, the researchers applied artificial intelligence algorithms to analyse brain activity patterns before each awakening. Using these data, they were able to predict whether the person was dreaming at that moment, with consistent results. This innovative approach could, in the future, allow for more precise identification not only when we are dreaming, but also the kind of experience we are having during sleep.

Giulio Bernardi recalls that “the work presented in the article, coordinated by Monash University (Australia), resulted from the efforts of 53 authors from 37 institutions across 13 countries, and represents a decisive step in the scientific exploration of human consciousness by bringing together and making decades of dream research available in one place”.

Learn more about the project  “91/20 - Mentation report analysis across distinct states of consciousness: A linguistic approach” here.