Showing posts sorted by relevance for query SPAGYRIC HOMEOPATHY. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query SPAGYRIC HOMEOPATHY. Sort by date Show all posts

Friday, April 10, 2020

ALCHEMY NOT QUACKERY

Does homeopathy work? 

Practitioners and patients on benefits of the alternative therapy and when you should consider it

Homeopathy, an alternative medical practice developed in the late 1700s, uses very dilute amounts of natural substances to treat ailments

Patients use it to treat problems such as irritable bowel syndrome, skin issues, allergies and nausea



Kate Whitehead Published:9 Apr, 2020


Homeopathy is a natural form of medicine that has been around since the late 1700s, and is recommended as an alternative therapy by some doctors to their patients. Photo: AFP via Getty Images

When Elkey Liu’s daughter was a toddler she suffered from a nasal allergy. She sneezed, had a runny nose and, when it was severe, her eyes became swollen. The allergens triggered eczema, so the doctor prescribed antihistamines as well as hydrocortisone cream for her body.

“I didn’t want my daughter to have too much Western medicine in her body because she was so little. I’d read about homeopathy and friends recommended a homeopath, Dr Sonal, so I took her,” says Liu.

Sonal Hattangdi-Haridas, who practices at the Maya Health Institute in Hong Kong’s Central business district, gave homeopathic drops to reduce the child’s response to the allergens and also recommended cutting down on dairy and gluten. Within three months her issues had cleared up – so when Liu’s son was born and had eczema, she took the homeopathic route again.

“I think homeopathy is good for kids and babies. It’s not good for them to have too much strong, Western medicine,” says Liu.

Sonal Hattangdi-Haridas practises at the Maya Health Institute in Central.

THE LEGACY OF PARACELSUS AKA DR. BOMBASTUS 

Homeopathy is an alternative medical practice that was developed in the late 1700s in Germany in which extremely dilute amounts of certain natural substances are used to treat various ailments. It is based on rigorous dilutions and mixing, called successions.

Homeopathic medicine is based on the belief that ‘like cures like’,” says Sonal, who has a doctorate in Homeopathy from The British Institute of Homeopathy in London as well as a master’s in nutritional medicine.

In other words, something that brings on symptoms in a healthy person can – in a very small dose – treat an illness with similar symptoms. This is meant to trigger the body’s natural defences.


“It’s an energetic medicine – the original molecules [of the remedy] exist, in a minute dose, and go through a series of dilutions in double-distilled water,” says homeopathic doctor Manisha Khiani, who is registered under India’s Maharashtra Council of Homeopathy and practises at a clinic in Central. “It’s the energy of the water which carries the expression of the medicine.”

(TODAY IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS SPAGYRIC CHEMISTRY, GOOGLE FRATER ALBERTUS )

Sonal’s youngest client was just three weeks old (treated for a rash) and her oldest patients are in their late 80s. She has found homeopathy to be especially effective for treating functional diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, skin issues and allergies, as well as
anxiety.

Manisha Khiani is registered under Maharashtra Council 
of Homeopathy and practices at a clinic in Central

Sonal recommends that patients seek advice as soon as something feels amiss, rather than waiting for it to become “a raging fire”.

Conventional medicine has its place, but it works on the basis of diagnosis; if there is no diagnosis it can’t do anything for you. But if something is bothering you – say, silent reflux or fluid in the middle ear which is making you feel dizzy but not bad – then homeopathy can help,” she says, adding that she has found it effective for women with pre-menopausal symptoms.

A consultation with a homeopath usually takes longer than with a doctor. They will usually ask you about any specific health conditions and also about your general well-being, emotional state, lifestyle and diet. Sonal says the first session with a client generally takes about 40 minutes; each appointment after that is usually no more than 20 to 25 minutes.

“I like to get a lot of background information. I want to build up a holistic picture,” she says.

I see more people coming to complementary systems of medicine here and more people wanting to try homeopathy Dr Manisha Khiani

Aromatherapist Emma Ross consulted her doctor just over a year ago for support with digestive issues – food intolerances and gut distress that gave her abdominal pain and almost constant nausea. Knowing that she was open to alternative therapies, her doctor recommended her to a homeopath.

“At the outset I was going once a week, and each time I went I got a different prescription of drops and [they] had me on a limited diet. It helped a lot with the nausea and the anxiety which I was feeling. I went from a place of being unwell to feeling normal,” says Ross.


Emma Ross consulted her GP just over a year ago, who recommended her to a homeopath. Photo: Edward Wong

Khiani’s response to those who see homeopathy as a pseudoscience is straightforward: “I say try it and see the results for yourself. The fact that it has been around for 200 years and is going strong speaks for itself.”

The World Health Organisation has acknowledged the role of homeopathy in health care. Last year, it issued a report on traditional and complementary medicine that highlighted the widespread use of homeopathy around the world and the increasing number of insurances policies that cover this alternative medicine.


How a naturopath made herself well, and how she helps others
10 Sep 2018


In Hong Kong, it is possible for a homeopath to practice even if they have no qualifications or experience, so choose your homeopath wisely. Sonal recommends choosing one who is medically aware.

“Homeopathic training is very different in different countries. In certain situations you can do an online course. There are three countries in the world where you need medical training to become a homeopath: India, France and Germany,” she says.

Although homeopathy is still fairly niche in Hong Kong, Khiani sees that slowly changing.

“I see more people coming to complementary systems of medicine here and more people wanting to try homeopathy. It’s about creating a greater awareness,” she says.

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Tuesday, October 17, 2023

 SPAGYRIC HOMEOPATHY

Study demonstrates antimicrobial action of polyalthic acid from copaiba oil


Findings reported in the journal Antibiotics by scientists working in Brazil and the United States pave the way for the development of drugs against resistant bacteria

Peer-Reviewed Publication

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO




Polyalthic acid from copaiba oil is an effective antibacterial and should be used to develop alternative medications that can contribute to the effort to overcome antimicrobial resistance (“superbugs”), according to an article by researchers based in Brazil and the United States published in the journal Antibiotics.

More than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the US and more than 35,000 people die as a result each year, says a report issued in 2019 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Antimicrobial or antibiotic resistance is when germs (bacteria, fungi) develop the ability to defeat the antibiotics designed to kill them (it does not mean our bodies are resistant to antibiotics). It is expected to become the main global cause of death by 2050.

The crisis is due to improper prescribing of antibiotics, intense use of these drugs in agriculture, and overuse of a small number since the leading pharmaceutical companies decided to abandon the development of antibiotics owing to high cost and low return on investment.

In this context, resorting to plants as a source of novel drugs has proved a promising alternative. To stimulate knowledge production in this field, researchers in Brazil at the University of São Paulo’s Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP-USP) and São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC-USP), in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Franca (UNIFRAN), also in Brazil, and the College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences at Western New England University (WNE) in the US, investigated copaiba oil, derived from Copaifera trees and traditionally used in the Amazon region as a natural remedy for its wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Its main constituents are diterpenes (20%), including polyalthic acid, and sesquiterpenes (80%). Both groups of compounds are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial.

The research was supported by FAPESP via six projects (13/07600-311/23493-711/13630-722/07984-5 and 19/04788-8

The researchers synthesized four polyalthic acid analogs with structural modifications to make them more active against pathogens, and investigated their efficacy against biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a bacterium that causes skin and digestive tract infections, and against several Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faeciumS. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus). They also determined the minimum dosage required to inhibit planktonic (free-floating) bacteria.

Activity tests and comparisons with the original polyalthic acid and the drug most prescribed by physicians showed that the analogs developed by the researchers eradicated S. epidermidis, and were active against all the Gram-positive bacteria tested. Although they were less active than the prescribed drug, the results reinforced the importance of additional in vitro and in vivo testing of the substance.

“The advantage of studying polyalthic acid is that previous research has shown that some terpenes don’t lose their activity, and their continuous use therefore doesn’t make bacteria develop resistance,” said Cássia Suemi Mizuno, a researcher at WNE and last author of the article.

The analogs were found to be safe in an analysis of hemolytic activity, i.e. their ability to destroy red blood cells.

Next steps

“Our research is an important contribution to efforts to beat antimicrobial resistance and serves as a foundation on which other groups can made further progress,” Mizuno said.

Next steps will include producing more derivatives with other parts of the polyalthic acid molecule, improving their activity and pursuing prospective partners in the pharmaceutical industry for more research, she added. 

Investment in copaiba oil extraction in the Amazon will be needed, as will the recruitment of forest dwellers who are familiar with the native vegetation and can identify the species with the highest level of polyalthic acid content (Copaifera reticulata Ducke). 

“It should be stressed that we don’t destroy any trees in our research. Extraction of copaiba oil is like rubber tapping. You just make a groove in the bark of the tree trunk,” Mizuno said.

About São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)

The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) is a public institution with the mission of supporting scientific research in all fields of knowledge by awarding scholarships, fellowships and grants to investigators linked with higher education and research institutions in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. FAPESP is aware that the very best research can only be done by working with the best researchers internationally. Therefore, it has established partnerships with funding agencies, higher education, private companies, and research organizations in other countries known for the quality of their research and has been encouraging scientists funded by its grants to further develop their international collaboration. You can learn more about FAPESP at www.fapesp.br/en and visit FAPESP news agency at www.agencia.fapesp.br/en to keep updated with the latest scientific breakthroughs FAPESP helps achieve through its many programs, awards and research centers. You may also subscribe to FAPESP news agency at http://agencia.fapesp.br/subscribe.

Saturday, December 30, 2023

 SPAGYRIC  HOMEOPATHY

Angelica gigas extract inhibits acetylation of eNOS in vascular dysfunction


Peer-Reviewed Publication

IMPACT JOURNALS LLC

Figure 6 

IMAGE: 

FIGURE 6. AGE IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL CELL FUNCTIONS IN OXLDL-TREATED HUVECS.

view more 

CREDIT: 2023 LEE ET AL.


“Angelica gigas Nakai (AG), a traditional medicinal herb, is garnering scientific attention for its potential in addressing a variety of health conditions.”

BUFFALO, NY- December 27, 2023 – A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 23, entitled, “Angelica gigas extract inhibits acetylation of eNOS via IRE1α sulfonation/RIDD-SIRT1-mediated posttranslational modification in vascular dysfunction.”

Angelica gigas NAKAI (AG) is a popular traditional medicinal herb widely used to treat dyslipidemia owing to its antioxidant activity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica_gigas

Angelica gigas ... Angelica gigas, also called Korean angelica, giant angelica, purple parsnip, and dangquai, is a monocarpic biennial or short lived perennial ...


Vascular disease is intimately linked to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome, and AG extract (AGE) shows beneficial effects on obesity-associated vascular dysfunction. However, the effectiveness of AGE against obesity and its underlying mechanisms have not yet been extensively investigated. In this new study, researchers Geum-Hwa Lee, Hwa-Young Lee, Young-Je Lim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Su-Jin Jung, Eun-Soo Jung, Soo-Wan Chae, Juwon Lee, Junghyun Lim, Mohammad Mamun Ur Rashid, Kyung Hyun Min, and Han-Jung Chae from Jeonbuk National University and Jeonbuk National University Hospital supplemented 40 high fat diet (HFD) rats with 100–300 mg/kg/day of AGE to determine its efficacy in regulating vascular dysfunction. 

“[...] the primary aim of this study is to examine the inhibitory effects of AGE on dyslipidemia-associated vascular dysfunction, with a focus on its potential mechanisms of action.”

The vascular relaxation responses to acetylcholine were impaired in HFD rats, while the administration of AGE restored the diminished relaxation pattern. Endothelial dysfunction, including increased plaque area, accumulated reactive oxygen species, and decreased nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser1177 phosphorylation, were observed in HFD rats, whereas AGE reversed endothelial dysfunction and its associated biochemical signaling. Furthermore, AGE regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and IRE1α sulfonation and its subsequent sirt1 RNA decay through controlling regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) signaling, ultimately promoting NO bioavailability via the SIRT1-eNOS axis in aorta and endothelial cells.

Independently, AGE enhanced AMPK phosphorylation, additionally stimulating SIRT1 and eNOS deacetylation and its associated NO bioavailability. Decursin, a prominent constituent of AGE, exhibited a similar effect in alleviating endothelial dysfunctions. These data suggest that AGE regulates dyslipidemia-associated vascular dysfunction by controlling ROS-associated ER stress responses, especially IRE1α-RIDD/sirt1 decay and the AMPK-SIRT1 axis.

“Ultimately, this study presents clearly evidence that AGE is a promising natural product-based functional food/herbal medicine candidate for preventing or regulating hyperlipidemic cardiovascular complications.”

 

Read the full paper: DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205343 

Corresponding Authors: Kyung Hyun Min, Han-Jung Chae

Corresponding Emails: khmin1492@jbnu.ac.krhjchae@jbnu.ac.kr 

Keywords: Angelica gigas, decursin, IRE1α, sulfonation, RIDD, SIRT1, vascular dysfunction

Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article: https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205343

 

About Aging:

Launched in 2009, Aging publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

Please visit our website at www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us:

 

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For media inquiries, please contact media@impactjournals.com.

 

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Friday, July 28, 2023

POSTMODERN SPAGYRIC HOMEOPATHY

Study highlights importance of quality and potency of saw palmetto extracts in prostate health supplements


7 out of 28 popular products studied contain the amount of authentic saw palmetto extract shown to be clinically effective in relieving lower urinary tract symptoms affecting millions of men


Peer-Reviewed Publication

VALENSA INTERNATIONAL




A new study published in the Journal of Urology Open Plus reveals that 7 saw palmetto products met the identity and potency standards to effectively address urinary tract symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. According to the lead author of the study, Dr. Bilal Chughtai, who is a board-certified urologist, of the 28 supplements included in the study, only six of the lipid extracts and one multi-active product were found to have the appropriate dosage of 320 milligrams of saw palmetto extract and the minimum 80% fatty acids clinically shown to address inflammation and improve symptoms that nearly all men will experience in their lifetime, like increased urination, sudden urgency, weak stream and disrupted sleep. 

The study included some of the popular saw palmetto retail products, which consumers find in stores and online platforms like Amazon, including berry powders, extracts, blends and multi-actives. The blinded study was performed at Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, Inc., Madison, WI. Total fatty acid content ranged from 0.796% for a berry powder product to 89.923% for a lipid extract product. None of the berry powders met the criteria for clinical efficacy. Lab tests confirmed that Valensa USPlus® was unique in meeting the criteria established in the US Pharmacopeia monograph for standardized saw palmetto extracts (min. 80% total fatty acids), met the lipid profile for an authentic product, and was found to contain the clinically effective dose of 320 mg.

“Only concentrated extract of mature saw palmetto berries has been found to inhibit the biological process by which testosterone gets converted to DHT, which leads to benign prostate enlargement,” said Dr. Bilal Chughtai. “This study not only confirms the rampant variability of saw palmetto products, but also highlights the need for physicians and industry to verify the quality of the supplements they’re recommending to patients and consumers to ensure the best results possible.”

Saw palmetto is a wildcraft plant native to remote areas of the southeastern U.S. Among increased demand of saw palmetto, there has been widespread misrepresentation, blending and dilution of saw palmetto extracts with less expensive plant oils like coconut, canola, olive and sunflower or use unripened berries that do not provide clinical benefit. 

Valensa’s USPlus® is the first and only USP verified ingredient that is a lipidosterolic extract of  saw palmetto berry, also known as Serenoa repens. As per the newly-published study, only one of the 28 products met United States Pharmacopeia criteria for a standardized lipidosterolic extract, defined as total fatty acid content ≥80% and a fatty acid profile indicative of authentic Serenoa repens based on the ratios of the lauric acid concentration to 9 other individual fatty acid concentrations.

Valensa’s USPlus® rigorous quality-control process ensures the product contains only mature, wild-harvested, Fresh from Florida® saw palmetto berries that are sourced using sustainable harvesting practices. Valensa USPlus is able to provide this uncompromising quality through a proprietary ultrahigh pressure extraction process that delivers a standardized lipidosterolic extract of saw palmetto for clinical effectiveness. 

“Without studies like this to bring quality issues to light, it’s very difficult for consumers to know if they’re taking a supplement full of ‘sawdust’ that doesn’t do anything or a quality saw palmetto product that promotes your prostate health,” said Stephen Hill, Vice President of Quality and Regulatory of Valensa International. “By understanding the role that high-quality saw palmetto extract can play in men’s health, millions of men can benefit from this safe and natural solution to maintaining prostate health and possibly prevent or delay the need for more serious medical interventions down the line.”

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or an enlarged prostate, affects about 50 percent of men between the ages of 51 and 60 and up to 90 percent of men older than 80. Valensa USPlus is the first and only USP Verified saw palmetto extract ingredient available to men to support lower urinary tract symptoms with no sexual side effects.*^ 

USP, the United States Pharmacopeia, is a 200 year old non-profit scientific organization that sets standards for drugs and dietary supplements. USP helps protect patient safety and improve the health of people around the world.

Learn more about Valensa USPlus’s harvest to bottle quality control standards and patented extraction process here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGddboRQdjk 

*Adapted from: Carraro JC, et al. Prostate. 1996;29:231-240; Debruyne F, et al. Eur Urol. 2002;41:497-506; Latil A, et al. Prostate. 2015;75:1857-1867; Pytel YA, et al. Adv Ther. 2002;19:297-306; Zlotta AR, et al. Eur Urol. 2005;48:269-276

^These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

About Valensa International USPlus®
Located in Eustis, FL, Valensa International USPlus is the first and only USP Verified saw palmetto oil extract in the world. Learn more at www.Valensa.com/USPlus/.

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Friday, July 14, 2023

 21ST CENTURY SPAGYRIC HOMEOPATHY

New study using human fibroid cells supports use of green tea compound as treatment for uterine fibroids


Fibroids are the most common benign uterine tumors and about 25% of patients experience significant symptoms, driving the need for preventative measures


Peer-Reviewed Publication

JOHNS HOPKINS MEDICINE




In a pre-clinical, proof-of-concept study from Johns Hopkins Medicine, researchers found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea compound with powerful antioxidant properties, could be promising for both treating and preventing uterine fibroids. Results of the study, first posted online May 25 in Scientific Reports, add to growing evidence that EGCG may reduce fibroid cell growth. The study was specifically designed to identify the biochemical mechanisms responsible for EGCG action in fibroid cells.

The investigators emphasize that their study involves human fibroid cells grown in the laboratory and treated with EGCG extract to explore the possibility of oral EGCG supplementation as a therapy, rather than just drinking cups of green tea as a preventative measure for uterine fibroids.

“The purpose of this study was to examine how EGCG works to treat and prevent uterine fibroids,” says James Segars Jr., M.D., professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “There is no standard protocol for uterine fibroid disease management or prevention, no tools to prevent their growth, so finding a safe nonsurgical therapy is important.”

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the uterus. Made up of smooth muscle cells and a large matrix of connective tissue, the fibroids range in size from nearly microscopic to bulky masses that can enlarge and distort the uterus.

An estimated 77% of women will develop fibroids in their lifetime, most of them by age 50. Black and Hispanic women develop them at 1.5 to two times the rate of white women. 

While many people with uterine fibroids are without symptoms, about 25% experience significant symptoms including heavy uterine bleeding, pelvic pain and infertility. Uterine fibroids are the leading cause of hospitalizationhysterectomy in the United States, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In addition to complete removal of the uterus, surgical treatment may include various means of removing fibroid tumors from the uterine wall.

For the new study, researchers used laboratory cultures of uterine fibroids collected from living patients. Because uterine fibroid cells have a large extracellular matrix (the network of macromolecules and minerals in tissues that support, but are not part of, cells) compared to normal cells, researchers designed their experiments to see if treatment of cells with EGCG affects protein expression associated with this matrix. Specifically, they studied fibronectin, a matrix protein; cyclin D1, a protein involved with cell division; and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein.

Cells were dosed with 100 micromoles (a micromole is 1 millionth of a mole) per liter of EGCG in growth media for 24 hours, and then a Western blot — a laboratory technique used to detect a specific protein in a blood or tissue sample — was performed. In this study, researchers looked for levels of cyclin D1 and CTGF proteins in EGCG-treated fibroid cells compared to untreated cell.

They found that EGCG reduced protein levels of fibronectin by 46% to 52%, compared with an untreated control group of fibroid cells. They also found that EGCG disrupted pathways involved in fibroid tumor cell growth, movement, signaling and metabolism, and they saw up to an 86% decrease in CTGF proteins compared with the control group.

“The results from this study show that EGCG targets many signaling pathways involved in fibroid growth, particularly the extracellular matrix,” says study lead author Md Soriful Islam, Ph.D., M.Sc., a postdoctoral fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “EGCG supplements could be an easily accessible and natural way to relieve symptoms and slow fibroid growth.”

These results lend support to the FRIEND (Fibroids and Unexplained Infertility Treatment With Epigallocatechin Gallate; A Natural Compound in Green Tea) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05364008), an ongoing clinical trial of EGCG in women with fibroids who are seeking pregnancy. While results from this study show promise, researchers caution that more studies need to be done, and consumers should not try to self-dose with green tea supplements. Future research on EGCG will include clinical trials with large and diverse patient groups to determine optimal doses as well as possible side effects of EGCG supplementation.

Other scientists at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine who contributed to this research are Maclaine Parish, Joshua Brennan and Briana Winer. 

Segars has been a primary investigator on research sponsored by Bayer, Abbvie, BioSpecifics Technologies Corp., Allergan and Myovant Sciences. All other authors have no conflicts to disclose.  

This research was partly supported by the National Institutes of Health’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the Howard W. and Georgeanna Seegar Jones Endowment.

Disclaimer: AAAS and Eure

Thursday, July 06, 2023

POSTMODERN SPAGYRIC HOMEOPATHY

Scientists make common pain killers from pine trees instead of crude oil


Common drugs such as paracetamol and ibuprofen can be made from a chemical from pine trees instead of crude oil products.

Peer-Reviewed Publication

UNIVERSITY OF BATH

Conversion of β-pinene into paracetamol and ibuprofen 

IMAGE: CONVERSION OF Β-PINENE INTO PARACETAMOL AND IBUPROFEN view more 

CREDIT: UNIVERSITY OF BATH




Common drugs such as paracetamol and ibuprofen can be made from a chemical from pine trees instead of crude oil products.

  • Turpentine is a waste product from the paper industry and is usually burned to generate energy.
  • Around 350,000 tonnes of turpentine is generated in the world – enough to supply the global demand for paracetamol and ibuprofen (~100,000 tonnes).
  • New method converts one of the components of turpentine (β-pinene) into a range of valuable chemical starting blocks for perfumes, plastics and pharmaceuticals including paracetamol and ibuprofen.
  • Turpentine is a biorenewable, sustainable starting material that could replace crude oil products, and is not subject to price fluctuations of crude oil.

A team of scientists, from the University of Bath’s Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability have found a way to create two of the world’s most common painkillers, paracetamol and ibuprofen, out of a compound found in pine trees, which is also a waste product from the paper industry.

It is perhaps not widely known that many common pharmaceuticals are manufactured using chemical precursors derived from crude oil, presenting a niche sustainability challenge as the world targets Net Zero.

The research team from Bath has developed a method of creating a range of pharmaceutical  precursors from biorenewable β-pinene, a component of turpentine which is a waste by-product from the paper industry (annual production >350,000 tonnes).

They successfully converted β-pinene into two everyday painkillers, paracetamol and ibuprofen, which are produced on ~100,000 tonne scales annually.

They also successfully synthesised a range of other precursor chemicals from turpentine, including 4-HAP (4-hydroxyacetophenone), which is the precursor of drugs including beta-blockers and the asthma inhaler drug, salbutamol, as well as others widely used for perfumes and in cleaning products.

They hope that this more sustainable “biorefinery” approach could replace the need for crude oil products in the chemical industry.

Dr Josh Tibbetts, Research Associate in the University’s Department of Chemistry, said: “Using oil to make pharmaceuticals is unsustainable – not only is it contributing to rising CO2 emissions, but the price fluctuates dramatically as we are greatly dependent on the geopolitical stability of countries with large oil-reserves, and it is only going to get more expensive.

“Instead of extracting more oil from the ground, we want to replace this in the future with a ‘bio-refinery’ model.

“Our turpentine-based biorefinery model uses waste chemical by-products from the paper industry to produce a spectrum of valuable, sustainable chemicals that can be used in a wide range of applications from perfumes to paracetamol.”

Instead of putting chemicals in a large reactor to create separate batches of product, the method uses continuous flow reactors, meaning production can be uninterrupted and easier to scale up.

Whilst the process in its current form may be more expensive than using oil-based feedstocks, consumers may be prepared to pay a slightly higher price for more sustainable pharmaceuticals that are completely plant-derived.

The research, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, is published in the journal ChemSusChemhttps://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300670

Biorenewable paracetamol produced by the team.

CREDIT

University of Bath

Flow reactor used in the synthesis of paracetamol where starting materials are flowed through in a continuous process to give a constant stream of products.

CREDIT

University of Bath