Electronic “soil” enhances crop growth
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ELENI STAVRINIDOU, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, AND SUPERVISOR OF THE STUDY AND ALEXANDRA SANDÉHN, PHD STUDENT, ONE OF THE LEAD AUTHORS, CONNECT THE ESOIL TO A LOW POWER SOURCE FOR STIMULATING PLANT GROWTH.
view moreCREDIT: THOR BALKHED
Barley seedlings grow on average 50% more when their root system is stimulated electrically through a new cultivation substrate. In a study published in the journal PNAS, researchers from Linköping University have developed an electrically conductive “soil” for soilless cultivation, known as hydroponics.
“The world population is increasing, and we also have climate change. So it’s clear that we won’t be able to cover the food demands of the planet with only the already existing agricultural methods. But with hydroponics we can grow food also in urban environments in very controlled settings,” says Eleni Stavrinidou, associate professor at the Laboratory of Organic Electronics at Linköping University, and leader of the Electronic Plants group.
Her research group has now developed an electrically conductive cultivation substrate tailored to hydroponic cultivation which they call eSoil. The Linköping University researchers have shown that barley seedlings grown in the conductive “soil” grew up to 50% more in 15 days when their roots were stimulated electrically.
Hydroponic cultivation means that plants grow without soil, needing only water, nutrients and something their roots can attach to – a substrate. It is a closed system that enables water recirculation so that each seedling gets exactly the nutrients it needs. Therefore, very little water is required and all nutrients remain in the system, which is not possible in traditional cultivation.
Hydroponics also enables vertical cultivation in large towers to maximise space efficiency. Crops already being cultivated in this manner include lettuce, herbs and some vegetables. Grains are not typically grown in hydroponics apart for their use as fodder. In this study the researchers show that barley seedlings can be cultivated using hydroponics and that they have a better growth rate thanks to electrical stimulation.
“In this way, we can get seedlings to grow faster with less resources. We don’t yet know how it actually works, which biological mechanisms that are involved. What we have found is that seedlings process nitrogen more effectively, but it’s not clear yet how the electrical stimulation impacts this process,” says Eleni Starvrinidou.
A barley seedling grows within the eSoil, an artificial electronic soil that makes seedlings grow faster.
CREDIT
Thor Balkhed
Mineral wool is often used as cultivation substrate in hydroponics. Not only is this non-biodegradable, it is also produced with a very energy intensive process. The electronic cultivation substrate eSoil is made of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, mixed with a conductive polymer called PEDOT. This combination as such is not new, but this is the first time it has been used for plant cultivation and for creating an interface for plants in this manner.
Previous research has used high voltage to stimulate the roots. The advantage of the Linköping researchers’ “soil” is that it has very low energy consumption and no high voltage danger. Eleni Stavrinidou believes that the new study will open the pathway for new research areas to develop further hydroponic cultivation.
“We can’t say that hydroponics will solve the problem of food security. But it can definitely help particularly in areas with little arable land and with harsh environmental conditions.”
JOURNAL
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
ARTICLE TITLE
eSoil: Low power bioelectronic growth scaffold enhances crop seedlings growth
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
26-Dec-2023
Artificial intelligence predicts the influence of microplastics on soil properties
Scientists used machine learning to reveal how different characteristics of soil microplastics can significantly alter soil properties
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GIVEN THE ALARMING IMPACT OF MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION IN NATURE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS TOXIC WASTE ALTERS THE ENVIRONMENT. HOWEVER, THERE IS A PAUCITY OF RESEARCH ON HOW MICROPLASTIC LITTER IN SOIL IMPACTS THE QUALITY OF SOIL. TO THIS END, RESEARCHERS LED BY PROF. YONG SIK OK, APPLIED MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TO FIND THAT MICROPLASTIC CHARACTERISTICS, SUCH AS ITS TYPE, SIZE, SHAPE, AND DOSAGE CAN SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE SOIL PROPERTIES, INCLUDING PH, ORGANIC CARBON, PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, AND ACID PHOSPHATASE ENZYME ACTIVITY.
view moreCREDIT: HILLARY DANIELS FROM FLICKR IMAGE SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.FLICKR.COM/PHOTOS/51763198@N00/12140848366
Plastic waste and its buildup in nature has become a major environmental concern in recent times. While plastic pollution in the oceans is undoubtedly a concern, the presence of plastics in soils around the world is also known to cause severe environmental and health issues. As plastics fragment into smaller pieces known as microplastics (MPs) in the soil through natural and anthropogenic processes, they drastically alter soil properties. Moreover, they are also absorbed by plants, potentially entering human food chain and causing health complications.
Grasping the impact of MPs on soil properties bears significant relevance for corporate sustainability, notably within the ‘Environmental’ aspect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals. Global corporations are often confronted with mounting expectations to embrace eco-friendly strategies, with a particular emphasis on handling plastic-related concerns being the core of these initiatives. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the environmental impact of soil MPs still remain unknown. Soil-MP interactions are complex due to soil heterogeneity and MP diversity, challenging prediction and mitigation of their effects on soil properties.
To address this paucity in research on soil MPs, a team of scientists, led by Prof. Yong Sik Ok, used machine learning (ML) algorithms to assess and predict the influence of MPs on soil properties. Prof. Ok is a KU HCR Professor, President of the International ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) Association (IESGA), and the Chair and Program Director of the Sustainable Waste Management Program for the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU SWM Program). “ML is a dynamic and transformative field of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses algorithms and models to learn and make predictions from vast datasets with great accuracy. Using ML to comprehensively understand the role of MPs in soil systems is time- and resource-efficient and provides a foundation for future research on this subject,” explains Prof. Ok, the corresponding author of this study. The results of their study were made available online on 5 November 2023 in Environmental Pollution, following Prof. Ok’s two critical reviews published under the collection 'Plastics in the Environment' in Nature Reviews Earth and Environment, a journal by Nature.
The ML algorithms were programmed to predict the influence of MPs on soil properties and found that different MP factors, such as type, size, shape, and dosage, significantly altered soil properties. Specifically, MP size was identified as a major factor that affects soil properties. Besides this, the shape, type, and dosage of MP was also found to distinctly influence the soils’ chemical properties. “This pioneering study contributes essential data to support informed decision-making on plastic waste management, aligning with the global focus on sustainability and ESG principles. It underscores the importance of innovative research in guiding corporate sustainability efforts, where plastic-related issues are a growing concern. The application of ML techniques to this problem demonstrates the potential for advanced technology to drive sustainable practices and create a greener, more eco-conscious future,” says Prof. Ok.
These quantitative insights into the influence of MPs on soil characteristics represents a breakthrough in comprehending and mitigating the plastic waste dilemma. The study's utilization of ML algorithms marks a groundbreaking shift from traditionally complex and resource-intensive methods for predicting and interpreting the impact of MPs on soil properties. “Our ML-based approach for this study underscores the potential of advanced technology to address the challenge of MP pollution in our environment. Such data-driven research could guide informed decision-making on plastic waste management, while aligning with global sustainability goals and the principles of ESG, social responsibility, and community engagement. Furthermore, this could revolutionize corporate sustainability efforts and pave the way for more green jobs and sustainable development to create a greener and eco-conscious world for current and future generations,” says Prof. Ok.
Integrating ML insights to study the impact of MPs in the context of ESG aligns with social responsibility, fostering sustainable practices with positive community effects. Corporations tackling MP pollution can not only reduce their environmental footprint but also build community trust by applying ML solutions. These efforts could, in turn, influence industry standards, potentially creating jobs and driving economic growth in related fields. “We have consistently addressed global threats posed by plastic pollution and the importance of soil ecosystems, exemplified by our contributions of three articles to Nature Journals' groundbreaking special issues on ‘Soils in Food Systems’ and ‘Plastics in the Environment’," concludes Prof. Ok.
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Reference
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122833
Authors: Piumi Amasha Withana1,2, Jie Li3, Sachini Senadheera1,2, Chuanfang Fan1,4, Yin Wang3, Yong Sik Ok1,2,5
Affiliations:
1Korea Biochar Research Center, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University
2International ESG Association (IESGA)
3CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences
4College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
5Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University
About APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program
As a network of leading universities linking the Americas, Asia, and Australasia, APRU (the Association of Pacific Rim Universities) brings together thought leaders, researchers, and policy-makers to exchange ideas and collaborate toward practical solutions to combat the challenges of the 21st century. The APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program focuses on adopting environmentally friendly practices to manage waste effectively, while minimizing its negative impacts on the environment and human health. It involves various strategies and approaches to reduce, reuse, recycle, and properly dispose of waste materials together with ESG concepts. Prof. Yong Sik Ok at Korea University serves as the Chair and the Program Director of the program and co-directed by Prof. William Mitch at Stanford University.
About Professor Yong Sik Ok
Professor Yong Sik Ok is a KU HCR Professor. He is the Chair and Program Director of the Sustainable Waste Management Program for the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) and the President of the International ESG Association. Prof. Ok has made history by being the first and only Highly Cited Researcher (HCR) in three fields, namely, Environment and Ecology, Engineering, and Biology and Biochemistry, in the year 2022, which is abundant evidence of his outstanding contribution to research. Notably, he was declared an HCR in Cross Fields in 2018 and became the first Korean HCR in Environment and Ecology in 2019. Additionally, he was declared the first Korean HCR in Environment and Ecology, and Engineering in 2021. He maintains a worldwide professional network by serving as Co-Editor-in-Chief of Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (CREST, five-year IF:13.6) at Taylor and Francis, an extremely distinguished and highly ranked international journal that publishes leading research on UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ESG. Prof. Ok hosted the first Nature conference in Seoul, which was attended by representatives from several South Korean universities, on waste management and valorization for a sustainable future. This conference was held in collaboration with the Chief Editors of Nature Sustainability, Nature Electronics, and Nature Nanotechnology, in 2021. Furthermore, he also partnered with Nature journal to host the first Nature Forum on ESG for Global Sustainability: The “E” Pillar for Sustainable Business in August 2022. The 2023 Global ESG Forum in Singapore was yet another remarkable event that Prof. Ok hosted which brought together academic experts, industrial partners, and ESG practitioners. The recently concluded 6th Global Conference on ESG Management & Sustainability marked another milestone in Prof. Ok’s ongoing journey toward achieving sustainability and ESG goals together with Prof. Jay Hyuk Rhee (President, KU ESG Research Institute & President, International ESG Association) at Korea University Business School.
JOURNAL
Environmental Pollution
METHOD OF RESEARCH
Computational simulation/modeling
SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
Not applicable
ARTICLE TITLE
Machine learning prediction and interpretation of the impact of microplastics on soil properties
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