US allies reluctant on Red Sea task force
Updated Thu, December 28, 2023
FILE PHOTO: The Galaxy Leader cargo ship is escorted by Houthi boats in the Red Sea
By Phil Stewart, David Latona and Angelo Amante
WASHINGTON/MADRID/ROME (Reuters) -U.S. President Joe Biden hoped to present a firm international response to Yemen's Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping by launching a new maritime force, but a week after its launch many allies don't want to be associated with it, publicly, or at all.
Two of America's European allies who were listed as contributors to Operation Prosperity Guardian - Italy and Spain - issued statements appearing to distance themselves from the maritime force.
The Pentagon says the force is a defensive coalition of more than 20 nations to ensure billions of dollars' worth of commerce can flow freely through a vital shipping chokepoint in Red Sea waters off Yemen.
But nearly half of those countries have so far not come forward to acknowledge their contributions or allowed the U.S. to do so. Those contributions can range from dispatching warships to merely sending a staff officer.
The reluctance of some U.S. allies to link themselves to the effort partly reflects the fissures created by the conflict in Gaza, which has seen Biden maintain firm support for Israel even as international criticism rises over its offensive, which Gaza's health ministry says has killed more than 21,000 Palestinians.
"European governments are very worried that part of their potential electorate will turn against them," said David Hernandez, a professor of international relations at the Complutense University of Madrid, noting that the European public is increasingly critical of Israel and wary of being drawn into a conflict.
The Iran-backed Houthis have attacked or seized a dozen ships with missiles and drones since Nov. 19, trying to inflict an international cost over Israel's campaign, which followed the Oct. 7 rampage in southern Israel by Hamas militants that killed 1,200 people and took 240 hostage.
The navies of the United States, Britain and France have each shot down Houthi-launched drones or missiles.
A person familiar with Biden administration thinking said the U.S. believes escalating Houthi attacks call for an international response separate from the conflict raging in Gaza.
The Rea Sea is the entry point for ships using the Suez Canal, which handles about 12% of worldwide trade and is vital for the movement of goods between Asia and Europe. Houthi attacks have seen some ships rerouted around Africa's Cape of Good Hope, substantially increasing sailing time and costs.
Denmark's giant container firm Maersk said on Saturday it would resume shipping operations in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. But Germany's Hapag Lloyd said on Wednesday it still believes the Red Sea is too dangerous and will continue to send ships around the Cape of Good Hope.
DISCORD OVER GAZA
While the U.S. says 20 countries have signed up for its maritime task force, it has announced the names of only 12.
"We'll allow other countries, defer to them to talk about their participation," U.S. Major General Patrick Ryder told reporters last week.
The EU has signaled its support of the maritime task force with a joint statement condemning the Houthi attacks.
Although Britain, Greece and others have publicly embraced the U.S. operation, several mentioned in the U.S. announcement were quick to say they are not directly involved.
Italy's defense ministry said that it would send a ship to the Red Sea following requests from Italian ship owners and not as part of the U.S. operation. France said it supports efforts to secure freedom of navigation in the Red Sea but that its ships would remain under French command.
Spain has said it will not join Operation Prosperity Guardian and opposes using an existing EU anti-piracy mission, Atalanta, to protect Red Sea shipping. But on Wednesday, Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said he was willing to consider the creation of a different mission to tackle the problem.
Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates earlier proclaimed no interest in the venture.
Public anger over Israel's Gaza offensive helps explain some of the reluctance of political leaders. A recent Yougov poll found that strong majorities of Western Europeans - particularly Spain and Italy - think Israel should stop military action in Gaza.
There is also the risk that participating countries become subject to Houthi retaliation. The person familiar with the U.S. administration's thinking says that it is this risk - rather disagreements over Gaza - driving some countries to steer clear of the effort.
That appears to be the case for India, which is unlikely to join the U.S. operation, according to a senior Indian military official. An Indian government official said the government worries that aligning itself with the U.S. could make it more of a target.
One European diplomatic source downplayed concerns about cohesion in the coalition and said the effort was still taking shape and not in jeopardy of falling apart. The source added that Washington's allies understood the challenges confronting Biden at home with regard to the Israel-Gaza war.
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT NEEDED
In reality, many European and Gulf countries already participate in one of several U.S.-led military groups in the Middle East, including the 39-nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF).
The EU's Atalanta operation already cooperates in a "reciprocal relationship" with CMF, according to a spokesperson for the group.
That means that some countries not formally joining the Red Sea maritime task force could still coordinate patrols with the U.S. Navy.
For example, while Italy - a member of Atalanta - has not said it will join Operation Prosperity Guardian, an Italian government source told Reuters that the U.S.-led coalition is satisfied with Italy's contribution.
The source added that the decision to send a naval frigate as part of existing operations was a way to speed the deployment and did not require a new parliamentary authorization.
The U.S. effort to draw international support for its Red Sea security push comes as the United States faces pressure on multiple fronts from Iran's military proxies in the region.
Beyond the Houthis in Yemen, Iran-backed militia have been attacking U.S. troops in Syria and Iraq.
So far, the United States has carried out limited retaliatory air strikes against the militia in Iraq and Syria, but it has refrained from doing so in Yemen.
Michael Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East under the Trump administration, said the Pentagon's goal with the new maritime coalition appeared to be to make any future Houthi attacks an international issue in order to divorce it from the Israel-Hamas war.
"Once the military vessels in Operation Prosperity Guardian start protecting commercial shipping and come under a direct attack, (the Houthis) will be attacking the coalition, not just the U.S.," Mulroy said.
(Reporting by Phil Stewart, Trevor Hunnicutt and Andrea Shalal in Washington, Jonathan Saul in London, Aislinn Laing, Belen Carreno and Charlie Devereux in Madrid; Angelo Amante in Italy; Krishn Kaushik in DelhiEditing by Don Durfee and Michael Perry)
Report: Ships Make Novel Use of AIS to Ward Off Attacks by Houthis
With the security situation remaining very volatile in the Red Sea and around the Bab al-Mandab Strait, ships and their owners/operators are looking for any means to improve security. Many ships have chosen to reroute away from the danger while it also appears some are trying to use a novel means of communication to speak indirectly to the Houthis to ward off potential attacks.
Since launching the attacks, the Houthi rebels in Yemen have vowed to target any ships owned by Israeli interests or trading with Israel. U.S. officials have said that over 100 drones and missiles have been launched against merchant shipping in the region and an analysis of the individual attacks in many cases has found either a clear linkage to Israeli interest or suspected associations. The Houthis appear to be using the Internet and searching databases to identify at least some of their targets.
Initially after the seizure of the car carrier Galaxy Leader, and with reports of small boats attempting to hail or board ships, the owner/operators responded by increasing onboard security. There were several reports of armed guards firing warning shots at small boats when they came too close.
Normally the vessel’s Automatic Identification System is used to post information about the ship’s destination, direction, and speed. Occasionally it is used to warn of dangers. It is common to see a ship listed as “not under command,” when it is experiencing a mechanical problem to warn ships not to approach. A vessel between contracts often posts a message “awaiting orders” to say it is anchored or drifting aimlessly.
Now, however, ships have started using their AIS to communicate indirectly with the rebels. When the primary fear was boardings, ships began displaying messages saying “armed guard onboard.” Several tankers transiting the Red Sea today are showing that message as their destination.
TankerTrackers.com highlights in its posting on X (formerly Twitter) that it identified a new message attempting to say we are not involved in your fight. The tracking and analytics company detected several vessels using a new tactic, posting a message they called “interesting.”
The Kriti State, a 76,500 dwt crude oil tanker registered in Liberia and sailing from Novorossiysk, Russia, was the first vessel TankerTrackers.com detected using a message to say it was not associated with Israel. TankerTrackers.com posted an image to X showing the tanker displaying the message “VSL No Cntact Israel.” The tanker is owned and managed out of Greece.
It might have been a one-off, but an hour later TankerTrackers.com posted another image on X showing a similar message from the Xin He Lu 1, a containership registered in Liberia. At last check, the 46,350 dwt vessel still has that message on its AIS display. The 46,350 dwt/3429 TEU containership owned and managed out of China is also outbound from Novorossiysk, Russia, but a decade ago appears to have operated under charter to the Israeli shipping company Zim. TankerTrackers.com reports it also spotted a third vessel displaying the same message earlier today.
It is not clear if the message is reaching the intended target and if this is a coincidence or a planned effort to try and ward off attacks. After a shooting gallery two days ago when the U.S. Centcom reported the USS Laboon took down over a 10-hour period 12 one-way attack drones, three anti-ship ballistic missiles, and two land attack cruise missiles, all fired by the Houthis in the Southern Red Sea, today has been quiet. Neither Centcom nor the UK Maritime Trade Organizations issued any warnings today beyond the standing safety precautions for the region.
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