Johnson & Johnson ordered to pay US$966 million in talc cancer case after jury finds company liable

By Reuters
October 07, 2025 

The Johnson & Johnson logo appears above a trading post on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, file)

A Los Angeles jury ordered Johnson & Johnson to pay US$966 million to the family of a woman who died from mesothelioma, finding the company liable in the latest trial alleging its talc products cause cancer.

The family of Mae Moore, a California resident who died at age 88 in 2021, sued the company the same year, claiming J&J’s talc baby powder products contained asbestos fibers that caused her rare cancer. The jury late on Monday ordered J&J to pay $16 million in compensatory damages and $950 million in punitive damages, according to court filings.

The verdict could be reduced on appeal as the U.S. Supreme Court has found that punitive damages should generally be no more than nine times compensatory damages.

Erik Haas, Johnson & Johnson’s worldwide vice president of litigation, said in a statement that the company plans to immediately appeal, calling the verdict “egregious and unconstitutional.”

“The plaintiff lawyers in this Moore case based their arguments on ‘junk science’ that never should have been presented to the jury,” Haas said.


The company has said its products are safe, do not contain asbestos, and do not cause cancer. J&J stopped selling talc-based baby powder in the U.S. in 2020, switching to a cornstarch product. Mesothelioma has been linked to asbestos exposure.

Trey Branham, one of the attorneys representing Moore’s family, said after the verdict that his team is “hopeful that Johnson & Johnson will finally accept responsibility for these senseless deaths.”

J&J is facing lawsuits from more than 67,000 plaintiffs who say they were diagnosed with cancer after using baby powder and other talc products, according to court filings. The number of lawsuits alleging talc caused mesothelioma is a small subset of these cases, with the vast majority involving ovarian cancer claims.

J&J has sought to resolve the litigation through bankruptcy, a proposal that has been rejected three times by federal courts.

Lawsuits alleging talc caused mesothelioma were not part of the last bankruptcy proposal. The company has previously settled some of those claims but has not struck a nationwide settlement, so many lawsuits over mesothelioma have proceeded to trial in state courts in recent months.

In the past year, J&J has been hit with several substantial verdicts in mesothelioma cases, but Monday’s is among the largest. The company has won some of the mesothelioma trials, including last week in South Carolina, where a jury found J&J not liable.

The company has been successful in reducing some of the awards on appeal, including in one Oregon case where a state judge granted J&J’s motion to throw out a $260 million verdict and hold a new trial.

(Reporting by Diana Novak Jones; Editing by Alexia Garamfalvi, Rod Nickel and Bill Berkrot)

 

Engineers develop solid lubricant to replace toxic materials in farming

North Carolina State University

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The new solid lubricant is derived from cellulose, a biodegradable, plant-based material. Most current solid lubricants used in agriculture are made with talc or microplastics, and can pose threats to farmers, farmland and pollinators.

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Credit: Dhanush Udayashankara Jamadgni, NC State University

Researchers have developed a new class of nontoxic, biodegradable solid lubricants that can be used to facilitate seed dispersal using modern farming equipment, with the goal of replacing existing lubricants that pose human and environmental toxicity concerns. The researchers have also developed an analytical model that can be used to evaluate candidate materials for future lubricant technologies.

Modern farming makes use of various machines to accurately and efficiently plant seeds in the ground. However, it can be difficult to prevent the seeds from jamming in these machines. To keep the seeds flowing smoothly, farmers use solid lubricants that prevent the seeds from clumping up or sticking together. Unfortunately, commercially available lubricants make use of talc or microplastics, and can pose threats to farmers, farmland and pollinators.

“Lubricants are essential to modern farming, but existing approaches are contributing to toxicity in our farmlands that affect farmer health, soil health and pollinators that are essential to our food supply,” says Dhanush Udayashankara Jamadgni, co-lead author of a paper on the work and a Ph.D. student at North Carolina State University. “We’ve developed a new class of safe solid lubricants that are effective and nontoxic.”

“There is a growing body of research that suggests microplastics are problematic for both human and environmental health, and we wanted to create a new lubricant that was safe and biodegradable,” says Martin Thuo, co-corresponding author of the paper and a professor of materials science and engineering at NC State. “We ended up with something that is also relatively inexpensive, efficient, and makes use of sustainable, readily available materials.”

The new lubricant is derived from cellulose, a biodegradable, plant-based material. Specifically, the lubricant consists of millions of tiny fibers measuring 0.2-2 millimeters long and 10-40 microns across. The surface of these fibers is grafted with hydrophobic particles, which repel water. To the naked eye, the collection of engineered fibers resembles a powder.

When this powder is mixed with seeds, it reduces friction in two ways. First, the surface of the fibers is smoother than the surface of the seeds. As the fibers slip between the seeds, they reduce mechanical friction that occurs when seeds rub against each other. Second, the hydrophobic particles on the surface of the fibers repels adsorbed water on the surface of the seeds, making the fibers even more slippery. This allows seeds to travel through the farm equipment without jamming or clustering.

In proof-of-concept testing and field trials with corn and soybean seeds, the new lubricant performed at least five times better than the best commercial talc lubricants and 25 times better than microplastic lubricants.

“And the new lubricant outperforms commercial lubricants by even more when using smaller seeds, such as mustard and canola, or when there is high humidity,” says Udayashankara Jamadgni.

And that point about humidity is important.

“Right now, it is difficult for farmers to sow their fields when there is high humidity or wet weather, because this moisture causes the seeds to stick together and clog the machinery,” says Thuo. “We’ve tested our cellulose-derived lubricant in wet conditions – up to 80% humidity – and it works beautifully. That was confirmed by farmers who used our new lubricant in blind field testing.

“Our lubricant handles wet conditions so well because the hydrophobic particles repel water on the surface of the seeds and stay slick,” Thuo explains. “In addition, water vapor in the air can seep through the gaps between hydrophobic particles on the surface of the fibers and be absorbed by the cellulose, which does two things. First, it reduces the amount of moisture that is available to make the seeds stick together. Second, as the cellulose absorbs water vapor, it swells the fibers and makes them softer. Then, as the seeds and fibers are agitated in the farming machinery, the water is squeezed back out of the fibers – where it comes into contact with the hydrophobic particles, making them even more slippery.”

“We also found an additional benefit that we were not expecting at all,” says Udayashankara Jamadgni. “It has to do with the fact that most seeds used in crop agriculture are covered with a thin coat of nutrients and pesticides. When planting with conventional lubricants, some of this coating is scraped off. Pieces of seed coating that are scraped off are released in the exhaust system from the planting machinery – creating a toxic cloud that poses risks for pollinators, birds and farmers.

“We were surprised to find that our cellulose-derived lubricant drastically reduces this problem – very little of the seed coating is scraped off,” says Udayashankara Jamadgni. “This is actually the topic of our next paper.”

“In addition, we found that we are able to filter out the cellulose-derived fibers in the lubricant from the vacuum system used in farming machinery to plant the seeds,” says Thuo. “This means that very little of the lubricant itself is released into the environment – and the lubricant can actually be reused or properly disposed of. That will be in the next paper, too.”

While developing the new lubricant, the research team also developed a tool that will be useful for developing new lubricants in the future. Specifically, Thuo and Udayashankara Jamadgni collaborated with graph theory experts from the University of Michigan and the University of Southern California.

“Essentially, we’ve been able to define a parameter space that provides an analytical model using graph-based mathematical techniques to simplify what is an incredibly complex system,” Thuo says. “And that model can help researchers quickly identify promising candidates for solid lubricant applications.”

The paper, “Graph Theory Based Bioderived Solid Lubricant,” will be published Oct. 7 in the journal Matter. Co-lead author of the paper is Paul Gregory of Iowa State University. Co-corresponding authors of the paper are Paul Bogdan, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Southern California; and Nicholas Kotov, the Joseph B. and Florence V. Cejka Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan. The paper was co-authored by Andrew Martin and Alana Pauls, postdoctoral researchers at NC State; Souvik Banerjee and Boyce Chang of Iowa State University; Xiong Ye Xiao and Kien Nguyen of USC; and Anastasia Visheratina and Nancy Muyanja, of Michigan.

This work was done with support from John Deere. The work also received support from the Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), which is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant 2243104 and is headquartered at the University of Michigan.

Multiple patents have been filed worldwide with regard to this technology; some have been granted (solid dry-type lubricant U.S. patent No. 11613630 and 12122901; European EP4012009B1) and others are pending (specialty seed lubricant U.S. provisional patent No. 63/837,885; network disruptor U.S provisional patent No. 63/869,643). Thuo, Udayashankara Jamadgni, Kotov, Gregory and Chang are all listed as inventors on the U.S. patents.

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Journal

Matter

Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

Not applicable

Article Title

Graph Theory Based Bioderived Solid Lubricant

Article Publication Date

7-Oct-2025

COI Statement

Multiple patents have been filed worldwide with regard to this technology; some have been granted (solid dry-type lubricant U.S. patent No. 11613630 and 12122901; European EP4012009B1) and others are pending (specialty seed lubricant U.S. provisional patent No. 63/837,885; network disruptor U.S provisional patent No. 63/869,643). Thuo, Udayashankara Jamadgni, Kotov, Gregory and Chang are all listed as inventors on the U.S. patents.

 

With ‘Enemies’ Like These, Who Needs Friends?: Trump’s China Diplomacy – Analysis

 October 4, 2025  0 Comments

By Observer Research Foundation

By Amrita Narlikar

Not yet even a year into his second term, President Donald J. Trump seems to be on a mission to prove the late Henry Kissinger right: it may be dangerous to be America’s enemy, but to be America’s friend is fatal.

The Trump administration has already managed to disappoint and alienate several of its closest allies and strategic partners. But continue along the current trajectory, and Trump 2.0 might surpass Kissinger’s warning with a new twist: to be in the bad books of the United States (US) may ironically offer some advantages. And if it now pays to be America’s rival, and hurts to be a friend, then something fundamental is going wrong with Trumpian diplomacy.

The US Narrative on China

China is an illustration of the muddle that American diplomacy has become.

The first Trump administration dealt with China as a threat; the Biden administration, too, did not let its guard down. Despite some turnarounds, the direction of travel was clear: diversification away from China, as well as intensified cooperation with partners in minilateral settings (such as the Quad). Slowly but surely, European narratives expressing concern about the geoeconomic threats posed by China also intensified, and transatlantic coordination grew. From the perspectives of Asian countries caught up in border and maritime disputes with China, these were welcome and timely moves.

China continued to be in the firing line as part of candidate Trump’s election campaign for the 47thPresidency. Although Agenda 47 announced that all foreign producers would face universal baseline tariffs, China was singled out in several ways. Trump promised that if he were re-elected, he would “reclaim our economic independence from China… revoke China’s Most Favoured Nation trade status and adopt a four-year plan to phase out all Chinese imports of essential goods–everything from electronics to steel to pharmaceuticals. This will include strong protections to ensure China cannot circumvent restrictions by passing goods through conduit countries”.

New rules would be put in place to prevent US companies from investing in China, and federal contracts would be banned for companies that outsource to China. With his return to power, Trump seemed to be holding course with his anti-China promises. His choice of appointees in the administration pointed to “a new hawkish China policy”.

Pete Hegseth, Secretary of Defence, was unambiguous in his NATO speech, identifying the “Communist Chinese with the capability and intent to threaten our homeland core national interests in the Indo-Pacific. The US is prioritising deterring war with China in the Pacific, recognizing the reality of scarcity, and making the resourcing tradeoffs to ensure deterrence does not fail”. So seriously was the Trump administration taking the China threat that it argued for a “division of labour” with European members of NATO “leading from the front” in Europe, and the US concentrating on the Pacific. The new administration’s message was loud and clear: China was a threat to American prosperity and security, and would be treated as such.

Unintended Consequences of Trump’s Diplomacy: China accrues benefits

The gamble against China could have paid off, had it been accompanied by the use of carrots elsewhere. Swift and deep trade, investment agreements with like-minded partners, which shared America’s concerns about the geopolitical and geoeconomic threats emanating from China, would have been useful for the task of realigning global supply chains and setting high standards on new technologies. Besides, efforts to close off Chinese access to the US market would be difficult to implement in isolation: Chinese products would make their way back into the US economy using loopholes and other conduits, unless major economies were on board with the US.

But the Trump administration did not follow this approach. Instead, it chose to apply its highly distributive bargaining behaviour not only towards China, but also towards trusted allies and strategic partners. Public admonitions, punitive tariffs, and other punishing measures, imposed indiscriminately on friends and foes alike, became a new norm in American diplomacy emanating from the President’s office. Some partners agreed to concessions that the US demanded, and received some respite from the initially announced tariffs. But irrespective of subsequent exemptions and carve-outs (or not), the delicate lines of trust that take decades to build were frayed: the US has shown itself to be an unreliable friend.

Against this background, China appears in a new light. While the US reprimands and insults its partners, China’s “wolf-warrior” diplomacy has taken a sweet turn. While the US tramples on the multilateral institutions that it had once led, China presents itself as their upholder and protector. While the US insists on “America First”, China stresses multi-polarity and offers a plethora of apparently inclusive initiatives such as the Global Civilisation Initiative, Global Security Initiative, and Global Development Initiative. Even if many do not buy into these narratives, they are turning out to be more influential globally than the American hardline MAGA narrative. Anti-China narratives seem to be softening.

Academic and policy debates on reforming the World Trade Organization (WTO) provide an illustration of the changing perceptions. Previous discussions had tended to raise questions about Chinese violations of the rules and the spirit of the organisation (e.g failure to uphold intellectual property rights, forced technology transfers, subsidies), while also looking askance at the US (particularly over its decision to block appointments in the Appellate Body, thereby paralyzing the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism–a Trump 1.0 move, which was also not rectified by the Biden administration). Today, the focus is far less on China’s trade transgressions, and the blame for the WTO’s dysfunctionality is being placed much more squarely on the US.

A recent paper has even made the case that the US and the WTO should part ways, and that “On the choice of whether the US should or should not be a member, the burden of proof should fall on those who argue in favour of retaining the US as a member”. This is an astonishing shift in scholarly debate and displays a steep decline in American smart power.

The Trump administration’s readiness to antagonise America’s friends is also having geopolitical repercussions. The thaw in India-China relations is motivated by several factors and has been in the works for some time now. The timing, however, is interesting: an explicit show of camaraderie between the two Asian giants comes despite China’s military and defence support to Pakistan during Operation Sindhoor, just a few months ago.

Powerful catalysts enabling this development include Trump’s tariff hikes against India, singling out India over Russian oil purchases (and turning a blind eye to Chinese and European purchases), new H1B visa fees that hit India severely as a supplier of skilled immigration to the US, all accompanied by rhetoric from key figures (e.g. Peter Navarro and Howard Lutnick) that is anything but diplomatic. If the US has been serious in eyeing China as a threat and genuine in its concerns about the balance of power in the Indo-Pacific, then even the cautious warming of India’s relations with China marks a failure in American diplomacy.[1]

It is worth mentioning that, in addition to the indirect gains that the US is now handing to China on a plate, it is further offering direct gains to boot. The tendency of Trump 1.0 to do “flip-flops” over China persists under Trump 2.0. The deal over TikTok is arguably not a win-win for both parties, but a win for China. The roller-coaster of American diplomacy today, replete with acerbic denunciations and sharp turnarounds, is one of the reasons why the #TALC (“Trump Always Chickens Out”) is trending on social media.

It did not have to be this way. There was much potential in what President Trump started out with in his second Presidency. This could have been an opportunity to strengthen partnerships with democracies, have serious conversations (and consequent policies) on legal versus illegal immigration, and secure global supply chains. Some element of surprise and reversals could have been used effectively as part of a grand strategy. Not all is yet lost; there is still concern in the world regions about other threats besides the US, and there are still problems that could be more effectively addressed were the US to return as a judicious player in the diplomatic game.

But as things stand, the US is rewarding its rivals and punishing its friends. This is not American exceptionalism at work; rather, it is an exceptional muddle.

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• About the author: Amrita Narlikar, Distinguished Fellow, Observer Research Foundation and Honorary Fellow, Darwin College, University of Cambridge

• Source: This article was published by Observer Research Foundation

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[1] The same could be said of the Trumpian effect in other settings too: the President’s denunciation and ridicule of the BRICS (and its member countries) seems to have injected new momentum into the grouping.

Observer Research Foundation

ORF was established on 5 September 1990 as a private, not for profit, ’think tank’ to influence public policy formulation. The Foundation brought together, for the first time, leading Indian economists and policymakers to present An Agenda for Economic Reforms in India. The idea was to help develop a consensus in favour of economic reforms.

 

Titanium dioxide particles detected in milk, despite a ban on E171

INRAE - National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been classified as a possible human carcinogen through inhalation since 2006.1 This nanomaterial was used as a food colouring and opacifying agent (E171) until it was banned for use in food as a precautionary measure in France in 2020[1] and by the European Union in 2022. However, it is still widely used in many everyday products (toothpaste, sunscreen, make-up, medications, plastic, paper, paint, etc.). Previous studies have shown the presence of TiO2 in surface water2 (lakes, rivers, ponds, canals, seas), including sources used for drinking water3 and to fill pools,4 in groundwater,5 in soil6 and in the air.7 The titanium dioxide particles from these sources end up alongside particles released through industrial activity,8 the erosion of building paint and varnishes9 or their use as fertilizers in the form of nanoparticles.10

To better evaluate the impact on living organisms of the widespread presence of titanium dioxide in the environment and measure the real exposure of animals and humans, scientists from INRAE, AP-HP, the SOLEIL Synchrotron and CNRS studied titanium dioxide levels in human and animal milk and in infant formula. Milk serves as a proxy for maternal exposure and is an essential, irreplaceable food that newborns depend on for their healthy development.

Nanoparticles detected in most milk samples

Non-destructive analyses via spectrometry conducted at the SOLEIL Synchrotron and the Lariboisière Hospital AP-HP in Paris were used to describe the titanium particle composition, calculate the total amounts of titanium, detect individual TiO2 particles and determine their size according to the nanometric scale. Size is important because particles smaller than 100 nm are considered nanoparticles and are widely manufactured for their physicochemical properties, which are different than larger particles.

The analysis showed the presence TiO2 nanoparticles in 100% of the animal milk samples (both organic and conventional, in fresh and powdered form, sourced from cows, donkeys and goats) and in 83% of the infant formulas (commercially produced, organic and conventional, for three different age ranges**).

Titanium dioxide passes through the mammary gland

Titanium dioxide particles were detected in human milk taken from 10 volunteers living in or just outside Paris. Rates varied, with some of the women’s samples showing up to 15 times more TiO2 than others. This shows that titanium dioxide can cross the mammary gland barrier.

Using this new analysis technique, 6 million to 3.9 billion TiO2 particles per litre were detected in infant formula, and 16 to 348 million TiO2 particles per litre were detected in animal milk.

Other sources of titanium

This study of contamination in milk reflects the level of exposure in newborns and mothers as well as adult milk drinkers. Previous research led by INRAE had shown that nanoparticles of titanium dioxide consumed through food during pregnancy can cross the placental barrier. This latest study shows that infants’ exposure does not end at birth: titanium particles were detected in milk despite the ban on E171 use in food, which suggests contamination through sources other than food.

Future studies could build on the characterization of titanium particles in milk for this study (size, percentage of particles smaller than 100 nm, type of Ti-bearing minerals, crystalline form) to evaluate the toxicity of combinations of particles identified depending on the species and type of milk.

Upcoming research on women in the Paris region (urban areas known for having higher levels of titanium exposure) will investigate the effects of diet and the use of cosmetics, medications and other titanium-containing products on exposure levels.

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[1] ANSES opinion. Request No. 2019-SA-0036 on the risks associated with ingestion of the food additive E171.

** Stage 1 for infants aged 0 to 6 months (corresponding to “first infant formula”); stage 2 for infants aged 6 to 12 months and stage 3 for toddlers aged 12 to 36 months (corresponding to “follow-on formula”).

Bibliographic references

[1] IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Carbon Black, Titanium Dioxide and Non-Asbestiform Talc. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol. 93, Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2006)
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/217 of 4 October 2019 amending, for the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific progress, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures and correcting that Regulation

[2] Andreas Gondikas P., Von Der Kammer F., Bruce Reed R. et al. (2014). Release of TiO2 Nanoparticles from Sunscreens into Surface Waters: A One-Year Survey at the Old Danube Recreational Lake. Environmental Science & Technology, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es405596y
Azimzada A., Ibrahim J., Madjid H. et al. (2021). Quantification and Characterization of Ti-, Ce-, and Ag-Nanoparticles in Global Surface Waters and Precipitation. Environmental Science & Technology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00488 
Gonzalez de Vega R., Lockwood T.E., Xu X. et al. (2022). Analysis of Ti- and Pb-based particles in the aqueous environment of Melbourne (Australia) via single particle ICP-MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04052-0
Bäuerlein PS., Emke E., Tromp P. et al. (2017). Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment? Science of The Total Environment, DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206
Souza Iara da C., Mendes Victor AS., Duarte ID., et al. (2019). Nanoparticle transport and sequestration: Intracellular titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a neotropical fish. The Science of the Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.142
Labille J., Slomberg D., Riccardo C. et al. (2020). Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis. The Science of the Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136010

[3] Bäuerlein PS., Emke E., Tromp P. et al. (2017). Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment? Science of The Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206

[4] Holbrook DR., Motabar D., Quiñones O. et al. (2013). Titanium distribution in swimming pool water is dominated by dissolved species. Environmental PollutionI, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.044

[5] Bäuerlein PS., Emke E., Tromp P. et al. (2017). Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment? Science of The Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206

[6] Kim B., Murayama M., Colman BP. et al. (2012). Characterization and environmental implications of nano- and larger TiO2 particles in sewage sludge, and soils amended with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EM10809G  
Mitrano DM., Mehrabi K., Dasilva YAR. et al. (2017). Mobility of metallic (nano)particles in leachates from landfills containing waste incineration residues. Environmental Science: Nano, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EN00565A

[7] Bäuerlein PS., Emke E., Tromp P. et al. (2017). Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment? Science of The Total Environment, DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206
Souza IDC., Morozesk M., Mansano AS. et al. (2021). Atmospheric particulate matter from an industrial area as a source of metal nanoparticle contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Science of The Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141976
Amato F., Viana M., Richard A. et al. (2011). Size and time-resolved roadside enrichment of atmospheric particulate pollutants. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2917-2011

[8] Souza IDC., Morozesk M., Mansano AS. et al. (2021). Atmospheric particulate matter from an industrial area as a source of metal nanoparticle contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Science of The Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141976

[9] Baalousha M., Yang Y., Vance ME. et al. (2016). Outdoor urban nanomaterials: The emergence of a new, integrated, and critical field of study. Science of The Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.132

[10] Rodríguez-González V., Terashima C., Fujishima A. et al. (2019). Applications of photocatalytic titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.06.001

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Journal

Science of The Total Environment

DOI

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180040 

Article Title

Detection of titanium dioxide particles in human, animal and infant formula milk

Article Publication Date

23-Jul-2025