Sunday, July 26, 2020

Portland Protests: A Chronology of Police Repression

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May 28th was the first night protests were organized in front of the Multnomah County Justice Center, one of the focal points of the anti-police brutality actions taking place across Portland, Oregon, a city that sits on stolen indigenous Cowlitz and Clackamas land. JoAnn Hardesty, a Black Lives Matter activist who is now a City Commissioner, imposed a curfew of 8:00 pm on May 30. The Portland Police Bureau (PPB) decided to enforce the curfew an hour early, using tear gas.
July 10 was the first day on record that federal forces brutalized activists according to the Portland Black Lives Matter Protests timeline of KOIN Channel 6 News, although it is possible that multiple federal agencies had been here already, making plans to participate in violent federal state repression in the form “less-than-lethal” munitions-based crowd control and outright kidnappings.
Last night, July 22, was the fifty-fifth or -sixth night in Portland of protests in solidarity and in mourning with Minneapolis following the racist murder of George Floyd. Portland Mercury reporter Alex Zielinski sums up the feelings of many Portlanders in her piece cleverly titled, “Mayor Wheeler Condemns Feds’ ‘Indiscriminate’ Use of Tear Gas, Despite Portland Police Using Identical Tactics.” Zielinski writes:
‘After being repeatedly tear gassed Wednesday by federal police, Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler is in agreement with protesters: Law enforcement’s response to nightly demonstrations is disproportionately violent….“There are a lot of people out here who are not doing anything wrong,” he [Wheeler] added, looking over his shoulder at several hundred demonstrators. “They’re loud—they’re saying ‘Fuck you Ted’ a lot, but that’s legal. That’s constitutionally protected speech.” Wheeler’s concerns echo those of protesters who’ve experienced the same indiscriminate violence coming from Portland police officers since the city’s protests against police brutality began on May 29.’
Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, ICE, and possibly other federal agencies are deployed here as this article is being written. The excuse for sending them here is the alleged threat to federal property, listing graffiti as a reason to invade. They are assisting the PPB to brutally squash the rebellion against business as usual. Nameless agents stalk our city, practically indistinguishable from Proud Boys or other local or national fascist formations who don military uniforms in cosplay to intimidate. U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s reasoning is that “. . . names of the agents were not displayed due to recent doxing incidents against law enforcement personnel who serve and protect our country.” That is a hardly a valid concern for people who are as well armed as any local or federal police in this country.
kidnapping victim interviewed by the Washington Post reported that “federal officers who snatched him off the street as he was walking home from a peaceful protest did not tell him why he had been detained or provide him any record of an arrest… As far as he knows, he has not been charged with any crimes. And, Pettibone said, he did not know who detained him.”
Kidnappings are terrifying. Anarchist organizer Lilith Sinclair on Democracy Now said, ‘We’re seeing these disappearances. I think it’s important to note that these unmarked cars that are going around in the street are unmarked rental vehicles. They are full of men in uniforms, no badges, no IDs. They refuse to even answer the question of “Are you or are you not law enforcement?”’ There are reports of sexual violence towards women and non-men. Interrogation, disorientation, infiltration all appear to form part of the goal of outright terrorism.
Anti-insurgency tactics are what we Portlanders are being terrorized with, much as the people of Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Yemen have been experiencing while occupied by the blood-and-oil-thirsty U.S. war machine or one of its well-funded allies like Israel and Saudi Arabia. Police in the United States are often sent to Israel to train with the Israeli Defense Force. The black site kidnappings we’re facing here are not unlike the spiriting away of Muslim, Arab, and Southeast Asian people to Guantanamo or the disappearing of Black people in the prison industrial complex. And it resembles the family separations experienced by immigrants. Many people south of the U.S. border are indigenous to THIS LAND and not to the areas to which their ancestors fled to escape the mass genocide here in the United States.
Federal forces have participated willfully in war crimes, just like their local counterparts the PPB, who were already tactically targeting with ruthless terror certain protesters such as medics and those carrying out food distribution or people they deemed “leaders.” Two nights ago, they ambushed a medic tent, spraying the supplies with pepper spray, making the equipment unusable. Feds and the PPB have stolen cooking equipment multiple times.
There is hesitancy among many on the front lines to identify openly with any specific organization because of the backlash people have already experienced from cops showing up at their houses to question them about their activities. Doxing, which is publishing of personal information such as address or workplace on the Internet, along with political affiliations or activities, is another fear. While it may be frustrating for organizers attempting to learn from the tactics being used on the ground to see blurry or obscured videos or pictures, it is more important to the safety of the people being targeted to censor certain footage. The far right and the police have been using the footage from protests to identify people for doxing or arrest.
Corporate news is focused solely on the Justice Center, a small part of the city in downtown, which is largely where the PPB, and now federal forces, have been starting riots and gassing people. Across the city there are dozens, perhaps hundreds, more projects that are being quickly strengthened by this fire.
No stranger to racist violence, just last year Tete/Otis Gulley, Black transfeminine person, was found hung from a tree in Rocky Butte Park. Her family is sure that she was being stalked by a violent man who they believe staged her murder as a suicide. Gulley’s case has recently received national attention. Officially the last documented lynching in Portland was in 1988 when an Ethiopian student named Mulugeta Seraw was found beaten to death by members of East Side White Pride and White Aryan Resistance.
Liberal white supremacy is the reigning politics of Oregon. Those who colonized and founded Oregon intended it to be a “whites only” state, as has been well documented by Oregon Black Pioneers in this Oregon Public Broadcasting piece and by The Atlantic. Patriot Prayer, 3%ers, Proud Boys, KKK, Volksfront, and more fascist gangs are documented to have engaged in collaboration with the local police. Fascists have engaged in “summers of terror” for several years. There have also been times when non-white people, houseless, or visibly gender non-conforming or non-heteronomative people were stalked, physically assaulted, and in some cases kidnapped for worse treatment. Huge community meetings have repeatedly been organized in Portland to address this terror to no avail.
For Wheeler to act as if he, as the Police Commissioner, is not ordering, the exact response the federal agents are using is astounding in its absurdity. Demands that he and the entire city council remove themselves from office are widespread. “Resign Ted!” is a popular sign, chant, and hashtag since before these Black Lives Matter protests, as he has proved himself useless against the fascist terror. Take for example the case of the terror that resulted in the stabbing death of two white men and the severe wounding of a third who came to the defense of Black girls on a Max train at the Hollywood Transit center. That blood is on Wheeler’s hands
Gains and Good News
Portland Public Schools’ decision to remove PPB officers from their campuses is an important gain that was begrudgingly ceded early on. Pride NorthWest, responsible for the Portland Pride Parade, released a statement: “Beginning in 2021, uniformed and armed law enforcement officers will be disallowed from marching in the Portland Pride Parade and from exhibiting at the Portland Pride Waterfront Festival. The various agencies that typically include law enforcement in their contingents and booths were notified last week. We are now making this decision public, so as to assure our community that we have been paying attention and taking action.”
Another piece of good news is that Portland Fire & Rescue have ceased to allow PPB or federal agents to use their facilities as of July 19th.
Teressa Raiford founder of Don’t Shoot PDX, a mother and relentlessness supporter of Black Youth, is running for Mayor against the incumbent Wheeler. Raiford has been stalked, assaulted, and profiled by the PPB for being a Black organizer. Don’t Shoot PDX was the very first Black Lives Matter organization in Portland. She is not included on the ballot for mayor in the special runoff election between incumbent “Teargas Teddy” and urban policy consultant Sarah Iannarone. Raiford announced a write in campaign that could win the election as there is increasing pressure for Iannarone to drop out.
Crowds have not gotten smaller with this federal occupation. Last night may have been one of the largest turnouts—people reported being packed tightly together at certain points due to the mass of people in the street. “Stolen people on stolen land!” rings out into the teargas clouds for another night.

About Author
Camille Avian is a member of the Marxist Center, Revolutionary Socialist Network, DecrimOregon, and the North Portland Tenants Collective, whose work is focused on sex-worker labor rights, housing justice, and mental illness.


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Multiple Government Watchdogs Are Investigating The Use Of Force By Federal Officers In Portland And DC

More than 100 federal law enforcement officers have been deployed to respond to protests in Portland, according to the Justice Department.
Last updated on July 23, 2020, at 4:28 p.m. ET
Nathan Howard / Getty Images
A federal officer tells the crowd to move while dispersing a protest in front of the Mark O. Hatfield Courthouse in Portland, Oregon, July 21.
WASHINGTON — The watchdog agencies for the Department of Homeland Security and the Justice Department announced on Thursday that they will investigate the use of force by federal law enforcement officers who were deployed to respond to anti–police brutality protests in Portland, as well as DOJ's broader involvement in the federal response to protests in Portland and Washington, DC, this summer.
Protesters in Portland have reported that federal officers who weren't wearing identifying information on their uniforms have snatched people off the street and detained them without probable cause. Videos have captured violent confrontations between federal officers and demonstrators, particularly around the Mark O. Hatfield Courthouse, and shown officers using tear gas and other "less than lethal" weapons.
More than 100 federal law enforcement officers have been involved in the response to demonstrations in Portland in recent weeks, according to a court filing by the government earlier this week in one of several lawsuits challenging the Trump administration's actions. One of the agencies involved, the US Marshals Services, is part of the Justice Department. The rest of the officers have come from the Department of Homeland Security and agencies within it.
The DOJ inspector general's office said had opened the probe, in coordination with its DHS counterpart, in response to requests from members of Congress, complaints submitted to the office, and a referral by Billy Williams, the US attorney for Oregon.
The second, broader investigation announced by the DOJ inspector general's office on Thursday regarding federal law enforcement activities in Portland and Washington will cover "the training and instruction that was provided to the DOJ law enforcement personnel; compliance with applicable identification requirements, rules of engagement, and legal authorities; and adherence to DOJ policies regarding the use of less-lethal munitions, chemical agents, and other uses of force."
During anti-racism and anti–police brutality demonstrations in Washington in May and June, federal law enforcement officers — often wearing uniforms that didn't identify who they were or which agency they were with — were involved in guarding federal property and pushing back protesters. On June 1, federal agents charged demonstrators gathered in Lafayette Square near the White House and used tear gas to clear them out before Trump walked through the area to do a photo op at a nearby church that previously had been damaged.
Attorney General Bill Barr has defended the decision to clear the park. The DOJ inspector general's office specified in Thursday's announcement that it would review the Lafayette Square incident, working with its watchdog counterpart at the Department of the Interior, since US Park Police were involved. The Park Police and the White House initially denied that officers used tear gas — even though protesters and journalists reported experiencing it firsthand — but a spokesperson later told Vox that it was a "mistake" to object to the term when the chemical irritants used had the same effect.
The Trump administration has vowed to send federal law enforcement officers to Chicago and Albuquerque, New Mexico, as well, claiming local officials aren't doing enough to address violent crime. Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot has said the federal presence is unwanted in her city and accused Trump of using the deployment — titled "Operation Legend" — to distract from the administration's "failed leadership" responding to the coronavirus pandemic.
Police declare riot at Seattle protests, make arrests

WITH PHOTOS

By SALLY HO and CHRIS GRYGIEL

Construction buildings burn near the King County Juvenile Detention Center, Saturday, July 25, 2020, in Seattle, shortly after a group of protesters left the area. A large group of protesters were marching Saturday in Seattle in support of Black Lives Matter and against police brutality and racial injustice. Protesters broke windows and vandalized cars at the facility. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)






SEATTLE (AP) — Seattle police declared a riot Saturday following large demonstrations in the city’s Capitol Hill neighborhood and deployed flash bangs and pepper spray to try to clear an area near where weeks earlier people had set up an “occupied protest zone” that stretched for several blocks.

Via Twitter, police said they had made more than two dozen arrests for assault on officers, obstruction and failure to disperse. They also said they were “investigating a possible explosive damage” to the walls of the city’s East Precinct police station.

Authorities said rocks, bottles, fireworks and mortars were thrown at officers as they attempted to clear the area over the course of several hours stretching into Saturday night. One officer was hospitalized with a leg injury caused by an explosive.

Earlier, protesters in Seattle broke through a fence where a youth detention facility was being built, with some people setting a fire and damaging a portable trailer, authorities said.

Thousands of protesters had initially gathered peacefully near downtown in a show of solidarity with fellow demonstrators in Portland, Oregon, where tensions with federal law enforcement have boiled over during protests stemming from the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis.

Initially there was no sign of law enforcement near the Seattle march. Later, Seattle Police said via Twitter that about a dozen people breached the construction site for the King County youth detention facility. Also, police said protesters broke out windows at a King County court facility.

Earlier this week King County Executive Dow Constantine, in response to long-standing demands by community activists, said he would work to eliminate youth detention centers in the county by 2025.

After the fire at the construction site authorities said they had ordered people to leave a different area, in a section of Capitol Hill, near downtown, where the East Precinct is. At least one person broke through a fence line at the precinct, authorities said, and moments later a device explosive that left an 8-inch (20-centimeter) hole in the side of the precinct.

Earlier this month police cleared the “Capitol Hill Occupied Protest” zone after two fatal shootings. A group had occupied several blocks around a park for about two weeks following standoffs and clashes that were part of the nationwide unrest over the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis.

Prior to Saturday’s protests Seattle Police Chief Carmen Best had announced officers would be armed with pepper spray and other weapons, promising officers would not use tear gas and urging demonstrators to remain peaceful.

“In the spirit of offering trust and full transparency, I want to advise you that SPD officers will be carrying pepper spray and blast balls today, as would be typical for events that carry potential to include violence,” Best said.

At an emergency hearing on Friday night, U.S. District Judge James Robart granted a request from the federal government to block Seattle’s new law prohibiting police from using pepper spray, blast balls and similar weapons.

The temporary restraining order halts the law that the Seattle City Council passed unanimously last month after confrontations that have largely been peaceful but were occasionally marked by violence, looting and highway shutdowns. The law intended to de-escalate tensions between police and demonstrators was set to take effect on Sunday.

But the U.S. Department of Justice, citing Seattle’s longstanding police consent decree, successfully argued that banning the use of crowd control weapons could actually lead to more police use of force, leaving them only with more deadly weapons.

Growing Israel protest movement calls for Netanyahu to go

Issued on: 26/07/2020 -
Israeli protesters have demonstrated for weeks against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's handling of the coronavirus and are demanding his resignation AHMAD GHARABLI AFP

Jerusalem (AFP)

"We won't leave until Bibi leaves." Israel's struggle to contain the coronavirus has stirred deep-seated resentment towards Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and protests demanding his resignation are growing by the week.

As the Shabbat rest-day was ending on Saturday evening, thousands of demonstrators headed towards Netanyahu's Jerusalem residence, a main site for protests that have taken place in multiple cities.

Some demonstrators branded Netanyahu -- who has been indicted with bribery, fraud and breach of trust -- as corrupt, while others condemned a lack of coherence in the government's response to the pandemic.

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For Tamir Gay-Tsabary, who travels each day to the Jerusalem protests with his wife Tami from southern Israel, coronavirus was "a trigger" that brought renewed focus to Netanyahu's leadership faults.

The pandemic made people "understand that he doesn't care (about) Israel, he just cares for himself," the 56-year-old sales manager told AFP.

Netanyahu won praise for his initial response to the virus.

His government's quick decisions in March to curb travel and impose a lockdown brought the daily case-count to a trickle by early May.

But an economic re-opening that began in late April has led to an explosion in transmission in the country of about 9 million people, with daily COVID-19 tallies ranging between 1,000 and 2,000 cases in recent weeks.

Anti-government protests that initially included a few hundred people in Tel Aviv, now regularly count several thousand there and in Jerusalem.

Reflecting on the movement, Einav Schiff of the Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper said it began in response to "a premature victory celebration for having defeated the coronavirus".

That false victory "morphed into a healthcare and economic failure, which has left a severe crisis of confidence between the public and the government in its wake," he said.

- No 'plan' -

In response to rising cases, Netanyahu's centre-right coalition has re-imposed economically painful restrictions, including targeting shops and markets.

It has also approved additional relief measures, notably cash deposits to all citizens.

Protester Amit Finkerstin said the government's recent moves reveal it does not "have any plan," making it impossible for people to prepare for the future.

The 27-year-old waitress, currently unemployed because of the pandemic, pointed to restaurant closures as evidence of the policy chaos.

On July 17, the government announced restaurants would mainly be limited to delivery and takeaway.

Four days later, parliament overturned that decision. Then the government passed a law allowing it to bypass parliament on coronavirus restrictions, casting further uncertainty over the sector.

"One day yes one day no," Finkerstin said. "People can't earn any money."

The government's plan to send at least 750 shekels ($220) to every citizen has been criticised by some economists as a knee-jerk response to mounting economic suffering in place of smart, targeted aid.

Finkerstin accused the government of giving everyone cash "just to shut our mouth up."

- 'Something is happening' -

Netanyahu has taken responsibility for re-opening the economy too soon, but said he was seeking a tricky balance between protecting livelihoods and limiting viral transmission, a challenge faced by many leaders.

He has also acknowledged the financial pain felt by many in a country where unemployment currently exceeds 20 percent, compared to 3.4 percent in February, when Israel recorded its first COVID-19 case.

But, in a series of tweets, Israel's longest-serving prime minister has also sought to undermine the protests as a product of the "anarchist left" and accused the media of exaggerating their size.

In a July 19 tweet that dismissed the protests as an "embarrassment and a disgrace," Netanyahu highlighted the presence of a Palestinian flag at one rally, saying "the secret is out," about the movement.

Despite those dismissals, Schiff insisted that "something is happening" in the protest movement known as "black flag".

"We can all hear, see and mainly feel it," he wrote on Sunday.

"It isn't clear yet whether this is a full-fledged earthquake or whether it is merely a tremor that will ultimately pass, but it's everywhere."

© 2020 AFP








Thai youths resort to subversive anime in pro-democracy protest


Issued on: 26/07/2020 -
 
Hundreds of young protesters gathered at Bangkok's Democracy Monument to call for the government's dissolution Lillian SUWANRUMPHA AFP


Bangkok (AFP)

Sporting animal ears and stuffed hamster toys, hundreds of young protesters gathered Sunday at Bangkok's Democracy Monument to call for the government's dissolution, the latest subversive show of creativity from the kingdom's nascent pro-democracy movement.

As dozens of police watched, the protesters sang a parody of the theme song for Hamtaro -- a popular Japanese anime character that is a sparkly-eyed hamster -- replacing the lyrics with the refrain "dissolve the parliament".

The demonstrators brought a different mood from a week ago, when thousands of young, black-clad Thais shouted vitriolic anti-government rap songs at the monument.

But the message remains the same, as boom-box wielding Thais started to jog around the monument in an apparent symbolic attempt to show how the kingdom's politics falls into a cycle they wish to break.

"I want a future where people can fight for democracy," said Bowie, a 27-year-old lawyer who only provided his nickname.

"We need freedom to fight because this government attacks everyone that is not on their side," he said before running to join his fellow protesters.

The kingdom's rambunctious political scene has long been defined by coups and deadly street protests.

- Stoked anger -

The current government headed by former army general-turned-premier Prayut Chan-O-Cha is regarded as part of the pro-military royalist establishment.

But a freefalling economy due to the coronavirus epidemic, and the recent disappearance of a pro-democracy activist has stoked the anger of younger internet-savvy Thais who are well-versed in viral movements.

The Hamtaro theme was chosen for its viral potential in other countries, said Jessie, a 19-year-old university student.

Most notably, the jaunty chorus -- "The most delicious thing is sunflower seeds" -- have been changed to "The most delicious thing is the people's taxes".

"They should use our taxes to develop our country," Jessie said.

"We are scared but for us, it is important to start speaking up about it," she told AFP. "We need change right now."

Sunday's gathering was the latest in a string of rallies across the country, displaying a deep well of discontent among young Thais from all walks of life.

The day before, LGBT activists gathered at Democracy Monument to call for marriage equality and demand for Prayut's resignation.

The premier said last week he was "worried" for the parents of the young protesters, and defended keeping the emergency laws in place -- which critics say is a way to erode freedoms.

The kingdom's powerful army chief, General Apirat Kongsompong, called on Friday for all Thais to keep their minds "neutral", especially on social media.

"Although I am the army chief, I speak as a Thai citizen that whatever you do, you will regret it when looking back," he said.

© 2020 AFP
France to fight cannabis use with €200 on-the-spot fines
LEGALIZE IT!  YOU MAKE MORE TAXING IT
 AND SAVE MONEY BY NOT PUTTING PEOPLE IN JAIL

Issued on: 25/07/2020 -
Tea bags containing cannabis flowers that were meant to be sold as herbal tea are pictured at a police station in Brest, western France, on August 1, 2018. © Fred Tanneau, AFP
Text by:FRANCE 24


French police will start hitting users of illicit drugs, particularly cannabis, with on-the-spot fines starting in September, Prime Minister Jean Castex announced on Saturday.

Spot fines of 200 euros ($233) have been tested in several French cities in recent weeks and will now be applied nationwide, Castex said, ruling out a decriminalisation of cannabis.

A French law dating back to 1970 allows for illicit drug use to be punished with up to a year in prison and fined with up to 3,750 euros, but few users actually do jail time.

French people are Europe's leading consumers of cannabis and hold the number three spot for cocaine use.

The new measure would simplify police procedures by "inflicting punishment without delay", Castex said during a visit to the southern port city of Nice, and would be an efficient tool against sale points run by drug dealers "which are eating away at neighbourhoods".

If paid within two weeks the fine will be reduced to 150 euros, but will rise to 450 euros unless settled within 45 days.

The move honours an election campaign pledge by President Emmanuel Macron, who said spot fines should be used to deter petty crimes that often end up unpunished in overloaded courts.

The number of 15- and 16-year-olds who admitted recent use of cannabis was higher in France than any other European country in a 2015 survey published by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug addiction, an EU agency.

(FRANCE 24 with AFP, REUTERS)
Protestors clash with Seattle police in latest outcry over US feds



Issued on: 26/07/2020 -


Federal police guard a courthouse in downtown Portland, Oregon as protestors rally against police brutality Kathryn ELSESSER AFP

Seattle (AFP)

US police used flashbang grenades, pepper spray and tear gas as protestors marched in cities across the country amid a wave of public anger over Donald Trump's planned "surge" of federal agents into major metropolises.

The demonstrations against racism and police brutality -- sparked by the death in Minneapolis of unarmed African-American George Floyd -- come as the US president faces an increasingly tough battle for re-election, and is campaigning heavily on a platform of "law and order".


Protestors marched in Austin, Texas, as well as Louisville in Kentucky, New York, Omaha, California's Oakland and Los Angeles, and Richmond in Virginia -- where riot police fired chemical agents at a Black Lives Matter march, according to US media.



In Seattle the sounds of repeated small detonations rang out in some streets, and smoke rose from an area where demonstrators had set fire to trailers by a construction site for a youth detention facility, an AFP reporter observed.

Protesters slashed car tires and smashed trailer windows.

Police in riot gear faced off against the protestors, some holding umbrellas against falling pellets of pepper spray.

Late Saturday, Seattle Police said 45 people were arrested in connection with the demonstrations, which they designated a riot, according to the force's official Twitter account.

Police Chief Carmen Best implored people to "come in peace to the city," and castigated the demonstrations.

"The rioters had no regard for the community's safety, for officers' safety or for the businesses and property that they destroyed," local media reported her as saying.

- Federal agent 'surge' -

The latest spasm of violence came after police and federal agents fired tear gas and forcefully dispersed protestors further south in Portland early Saturday, also in anger over Trump's heavily-criticized surge of security forces.

The city, the biggest in the state of Oregon, has seen nightly protests against racism and police brutality for nearly two months, initially sparked by Floyd's death.

Portland is also a stage for the highly controversial crackdown by federal agents ordered by Trump -- one that is not supported by local officials, and which many say smacks of authoritarianism.

Friday's demonstration was mainly peaceful, with crowds playing music and dancing, blowing soap bubbles and setting off fireworks.

But it ended -- like many before it -- in a showdown between protestors and police, which escalated in a haze of tear gas and flashbang devices.

Portland police confirmed a man was stabbed, with the suspect "held down by protestors" before he was detained by officers and charged with assault, according to a statement.

The victim was transported to hospital with a serious injury.

- 'Little green men' -

Earlier, protestors who spoke to AFP complained of the federal agents in the city and voiced their support for the Black Lives Matter movement.

"I don't like what's happening down here, what Trump is doing," Mike Shikany, a 55-year-old aerospace engineer, said, adding he did not "want to get anywhere near the little green men," meaning the federal troops.

Portland retiree Jean Mullen, 74, said that without pressure nothing would change.

"It's time to become the country we always brag about being. And we can't brag anymore, about anything. We aren't first in anything and it's a terrible, terrible thing to see at the end of my life," she said.

The inspector general of the US Justice Department on Thursday opened an official investigation into the federal crackdown, but an Oregon federal judge on Friday rejected a legal bid by the state to stop agents from detaining protestors.

Agents deployed there will partner with local law enforcement, not riot control forces as seen in Portland.

Local officials have warned they would draw the line at any Portland-style deployment.

© 2020 AFP
Chemists Just Worked Out How to Recycle Some of Our Toughest Single-Use Plastics

Aerial photo of waste disposal site. (kokouu/Getty Images)
ENVIRONMENT

DAVID NIELD
25 JULY 2020

Thermosets are some of the toughest plastics around. They're used in products that have to be particularly durable and heat-resistant – but that also makes them very difficult to break down and recycle.

That could change with the help of new research into the chemical bonds that hold these thermosets together. The study suggests that by changing the way they're made, we could keep the original strength of these thermosets, but make them able to be broken down and recycled.

Currently, around 75 percent of the plastic we use in items such as plastic wrappers and plastic bags can be broken down and then reused. But thermosets, which are found in things such as car parts, aren't reusable.

The new approach involves slightly adjusting the mixture that makes up thermoset plastic, adding particular types of building blocks (or monomers) called silyl ethers that are more susceptible to being pulled apart and reshaped.

"This work unveils a fundamental design principle that we believe is general to any kind of thermoset with this basic architecture," says chemist Jeremiah Johnson, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

The same research team had previously used silyl ether monomers in other types of synthetic plastic – plastics which shared some common characteristics with thermosets.

Here, they showed the same approach could work for thermoset plastics too.


In particular, the latest study looked at the thermoset polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), which can typically be found in truck and bus body panels: great for vehicle strength and durability, but not so great for recycling.

By making silyl ether 7.5 to 10 percent of the liquid precursor to pDCPD, the team was able to create a new blend of the plastic – one that could retain its mechanical strength but which broke down on contact with fluoride ions.

The revamped formula passed another key test as well – not only could they be broken down, the products could be reused.

The researchers were able to form new pDCPD products from the dissolved power left by the first recycling stage. It's likely that other thermosets can be modified in this way too.

"That new material has nearly indistinguishable, and in some ways improved, mechanical properties compared to the original material," says Johnson. "Showing that you can take the degradation products and remake the same thermoset again using the same process is exciting."

The process outlined here uses degradable monomers to form the actual individual polymer strands, and it improves on previous approaches where only the bonds linking the strands were actually degradable.


The next step is to see how widely this innovative approach can be applied, and if the new technique can be successfully implemented into the production of pDCPD and other thermosets.

With global plastic pollution already at crisis levels, we need to find some solutions as soon as we possibly can.

"Thermosets – polymeric materials that adopt a permanent shape upon curing – have a key role in the modern plastics and rubber industries, comprising about 20 percent of polymeric materials manufactured today, with a worldwide annual production of about 65 million tons," the researches write in their paper.

"Optimisation of the cleavable bond location can be used as a design principle to achieve controlled thermoset degradation. Moreover, we introduce a class of recyclable thermosets poised for rapid deployment."

The research has been published in Nature.
ENVIRONMENT

Plant Roots Are Melting Permafrost And Unearthing Vast Stores of Carbon Emissions

CARLY CASSELLA
26 JULY 2020

As plants begin to spread across melting permafrost, scientists are growing ever more worried their roots will stir microbes into unleashing vast stores of carbon.

To scientists, roots are known as rhizomes, and when these tendrils extend deeper into the soil, it accelerates microbial decomposition by up to fourfold, potentially 'priming' the frozen ground for further thawing.


This mechanism, known as the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE), has been known since the 1950s, and it could have a huge impact on one of Earth's most troubling carbon feedback loops.

Yet today, no climate models include rhizomes as a risk factor for melting permafrost - in large part because the data simply doesn't exist.

"It is important to expand the knowledge in this field," researchers wrote in paper from 2017, "as the magnitude and direction of [rhizome priming] are not very well understood, and contradicting results have been observed."

For the first time, researchers have now combined high-resolution data on both the spread and depth of key plants growing in Arctic permafrost to determine how much carbon they are actually releasing.

As rising temperatures stimulate further plant growth, the researchers estimate that rhizome priming alone enhances the overall respiration of soil microbes by roughly 12 percent. By 2100, that means an absolute loss of around 40 billion tonnes of carbon from northern permafrost.

And that's so not what we were expecting. In fact, it's practically blown a hole in our climate budget.


To keep global warming under the 1.5 °C threshold, scientists have estimated that at a minimum we must keep our carbon emissions to 200 billion tonnes, and currently, 50 to 100 billion tonnes is put aside for thawing permafrost.

These new figures make up a quarter of that budget, which means there are minute and overlooked ecological interactions that we are clearly not taking into account. And those between plants and soil microbes appear to be high on the list.



The impact of plant roots and soil organic microbes on thawing permafrost. (Keuper et al., Nature Geoscience, 2020)

Basing their results on a meta-analysis of plant and soil experiments, researchers say we will have to constrain our emissions much more than we were bargaining on.

In 2019, the world emitted about 43 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide. By 2100, soil microbes munching on sugar from newly-formed roots will have unleashed nearly the equivalent of that into our atmosphere.

The authors say they have identified hotspots for RPE losses in boreal forests, including Hudson Bay in Canada and Siberian lowlands, as well as large swathes of eastern Siberia.


We've known about rhizome priming since the 1950s, but in all that time we've researched the mechanism very little, and we still don't know how this interaction will change in a rapidly warming Arctic, especially for other greenhouse gases.

Previous studies have shown that the soil in which rhizomes reside is an important sink for methane, which is even more potent as a global warmer than carbon dioxide, especially over shorter time-frames.

The new study, however, was focused solely on carbon. What's more, it did not explore how soil microbes differ, or if rhizomes prime deeper soil beyond their physical reach, possibly through the leaching of minerals and gases.

When permafrost stores as much carbon as all the plants in the world and all the carbon in the atmosphere together, roots are clearly a huge deal, and we need to know more about what they're doing.

The study was published in Nature Geoscience.
Fewer say US is headed in right direction

A new AP-NORC poll finds only 2 in 10 Americans say the U.S. is headed in the right direction. That figure is the lowest of Trump's presidency so far, continuing a decline that began amid the COVID-19 crisis.


Percent who say the country is headed in the right direction:
Results based on interviews with 1,057 U.S. adults conducted July 16–20. The margin of error is ±4.3 percentage points for the full sample.

A GLASS HALF FULL SAYS AP
BUT IT'S REALLY A GLASS 80% EMPTY

https://apnews.com/43a096bc2bcf376de04b696c5143ee99