By Oliver Chaseling, ABC
Adam Yates said he always had his suspicions the turtle might be a new species.
Photo: ABC News: Xavier Martin
Scientists have discovered a new species of prehistoric turtle from what was once a lush forest in Central Australia, after re-examining an unidentified fossil on display in the Northern Territory's largest museum.
For years, the fossilised turtle shell sat alongside stuffed birds, insects, lizards and marsupials at the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT).
Ever since senior curator and palaeontologist Adam Yates had started at the museum it had caught his eye, as he suspected it was unique.
"I'd had my eye on this particular fossil, but it was on display and I had many other jobs to be getting on with," he said.
In early 2023, Yates was encouraged to re-examine the specimen by an interested turtle expert from the US, herpetologist Mehdi Joseph-Ouni.
To do that, he had to spend months painstakingly extracting the fossil from its plaster display.
"I had lots of other projects on the go, so it's one that I would come back to every now and then when I had a spare moment," he said.
"I would go and work in the prep lab in removing a little bit more plaster."
When the process was finished, the pair were able to study an unusual protrusion on the underside of the fossil's shell.
That led to them discovering the specimen was a completely new species of snapping turtle - a large carnivorous turtle, long extinct, that they named Elseya mudburra.
"[The carapace] is made up of multiple bones that are joined together. Of particular interest is the first costal, which is actually a modified rib," Yates said.
"The way the lower part of the shell joins to the first costal … is really significant and varies a lot in different turtles.
"In our one, it had a peculiar thick shape with an extra little process sticking down, that told us that it wasn't like anything that had been found before."
Yates said Elseya mudburra was alive during the Miocene period of 13 to 14 million years ago and lived in rivers surrounded by lush forests in what is now the savannah country of the northern Tanami Desert.
The fossil was originally unearthed at a limestone deposit called Bullock Creek, near the remote community of Kalkarindji, which has previously yielded unique fossils of an ancient cassowary, a crocodile and possibly a giant snake.
Bullock Creek's Elseya mudburra predates megafauna found at another Miocene-period fossil deposit in the Northern Territory, the Alcoota fossil beds, by about 5 million years.
Located much further south, bordering the Simpson Desert, the Alcoota fossil beds have yielded what has been labelled a "gold mine" of unique fossil specimens.
Possibility of more undiscovered species in museum collection
Below MAGNT's natural history exhibits are the museum's archives, where there are rows upon rows of labelled boxes and drawers housing taxidermied insects, birds, reptiles and marsupials.
According to MAGNT's head of science and ecologist Kirsti Abbott, the exact number of individual specimens in the collection is unknown, with hundreds of thousands of "lots" in the collection containing multiple specimens, similar to samples extracted from Bullock Creek.
"At MAGNT, we've got just over 830,000 lots. In terms of individual animals, that's millions, probably, when you're thinking about insects," Abbott said.
"For those things that've been there for decades, or we haven't looked at, or we don't know much about that type of animal, there could be hundreds of undiscovered species in museums around the world, including ours."
With there being only a small number of experts for any given type of animal, Dr Abbott said that like the case of Elseya mudburra, discoveries of new species often occurred by chance within large collections.
"You might be casually looking through a drawer or showing somebody around and you notice something that you haven't noticed before," Abbott said.
"[If] you travel down that investigative path, you might find a new species where you might not have looked before."
- ABC
Scientists have discovered a new species of prehistoric turtle from what was once a lush forest in Central Australia, after re-examining an unidentified fossil on display in the Northern Territory's largest museum.
For years, the fossilised turtle shell sat alongside stuffed birds, insects, lizards and marsupials at the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT).
Ever since senior curator and palaeontologist Adam Yates had started at the museum it had caught his eye, as he suspected it was unique.
"I'd had my eye on this particular fossil, but it was on display and I had many other jobs to be getting on with," he said.
In early 2023, Yates was encouraged to re-examine the specimen by an interested turtle expert from the US, herpetologist Mehdi Joseph-Ouni.
To do that, he had to spend months painstakingly extracting the fossil from its plaster display.
"I had lots of other projects on the go, so it's one that I would come back to every now and then when I had a spare moment," he said.
"I would go and work in the prep lab in removing a little bit more plaster."
When the process was finished, the pair were able to study an unusual protrusion on the underside of the fossil's shell.
That led to them discovering the specimen was a completely new species of snapping turtle - a large carnivorous turtle, long extinct, that they named Elseya mudburra.
"[The carapace] is made up of multiple bones that are joined together. Of particular interest is the first costal, which is actually a modified rib," Yates said.
"The way the lower part of the shell joins to the first costal … is really significant and varies a lot in different turtles.
"In our one, it had a peculiar thick shape with an extra little process sticking down, that told us that it wasn't like anything that had been found before."
Yates said Elseya mudburra was alive during the Miocene period of 13 to 14 million years ago and lived in rivers surrounded by lush forests in what is now the savannah country of the northern Tanami Desert.
The fossil was originally unearthed at a limestone deposit called Bullock Creek, near the remote community of Kalkarindji, which has previously yielded unique fossils of an ancient cassowary, a crocodile and possibly a giant snake.
Bullock Creek's Elseya mudburra predates megafauna found at another Miocene-period fossil deposit in the Northern Territory, the Alcoota fossil beds, by about 5 million years.
Located much further south, bordering the Simpson Desert, the Alcoota fossil beds have yielded what has been labelled a "gold mine" of unique fossil specimens.
Possibility of more undiscovered species in museum collection
Below MAGNT's natural history exhibits are the museum's archives, where there are rows upon rows of labelled boxes and drawers housing taxidermied insects, birds, reptiles and marsupials.
According to MAGNT's head of science and ecologist Kirsti Abbott, the exact number of individual specimens in the collection is unknown, with hundreds of thousands of "lots" in the collection containing multiple specimens, similar to samples extracted from Bullock Creek.
"At MAGNT, we've got just over 830,000 lots. In terms of individual animals, that's millions, probably, when you're thinking about insects," Abbott said.
"For those things that've been there for decades, or we haven't looked at, or we don't know much about that type of animal, there could be hundreds of undiscovered species in museums around the world, including ours."
With there being only a small number of experts for any given type of animal, Dr Abbott said that like the case of Elseya mudburra, discoveries of new species often occurred by chance within large collections.
"You might be casually looking through a drawer or showing somebody around and you notice something that you haven't noticed before," Abbott said.
"[If] you travel down that investigative path, you might find a new species where you might not have looked before."
- ABC
Jurassic highway: Hundreds of dinosaur footprints found in UK quarry
Members of the excavation team working on the footprints at the Dewars Farm Quarry, north of Oxford. Photo: EMMA NICHOLLS/Oxford University Museum of Natural History / AFP
Researchers have uncovered hundreds of dinosaur footprints dating back to the middle Jurassic era in a quarry in Oxfordshire, southern England, showing that reptiles such as the nine-metre predator Megalosaurus moved along enormous tracks.
The dig at Dewars Farm Quarry found five extensive trackways, one of which measured more than 150 metres in length, researchers from the Universities of Oxford and Birmingham said on Thursday.
Four of the tracks were made by gigantic, long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs called sauropods, most likely to be Cetiosaurus, an up to 18-metre-long cousin of the well-known Diplodocus, they said.
The fifth trackway was made by the carnivorous theropod dinosaur Megalosaurus, which had distinctive three-toed feet with claws.
The carnivore and herbivore tracks, which are about 166 million years old, cross over at one point, raising questions about whether and how the two types of dinosaur were interacting, the researchers said.
Megalosaurus was the first dinosaur to be scientifically named and described in 1824, kick-starting the last 200 years of dinosaur science and public interest.
Emma Nicholls, vertebrate palaeontologist ay the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, said: "Scientists have known about and been studying Megalosaurus for longer than any other dinosaur on Earth, and yet these recent discoveries prove there is still new evidence of these animals out there, waiting to be found."
The buried prints came to light when quarry worker Gary Johnson felt "unusual bumps" as he was stripping the clay back with his vehicle in order to expose the quarry floor.
More than one hundred researchers then excavated in the site in June, where they found around 200 footprints, the universities said in a statement.
- Reuters
Members of the excavation team working on the footprints at the Dewars Farm Quarry, north of Oxford. Photo: EMMA NICHOLLS/Oxford University Museum of Natural History / AFP
Researchers have uncovered hundreds of dinosaur footprints dating back to the middle Jurassic era in a quarry in Oxfordshire, southern England, showing that reptiles such as the nine-metre predator Megalosaurus moved along enormous tracks.
The dig at Dewars Farm Quarry found five extensive trackways, one of which measured more than 150 metres in length, researchers from the Universities of Oxford and Birmingham said on Thursday.
Four of the tracks were made by gigantic, long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs called sauropods, most likely to be Cetiosaurus, an up to 18-metre-long cousin of the well-known Diplodocus, they said.
The fifth trackway was made by the carnivorous theropod dinosaur Megalosaurus, which had distinctive three-toed feet with claws.
The carnivore and herbivore tracks, which are about 166 million years old, cross over at one point, raising questions about whether and how the two types of dinosaur were interacting, the researchers said.
Megalosaurus was the first dinosaur to be scientifically named and described in 1824, kick-starting the last 200 years of dinosaur science and public interest.
Emma Nicholls, vertebrate palaeontologist ay the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, said: "Scientists have known about and been studying Megalosaurus for longer than any other dinosaur on Earth, and yet these recent discoveries prove there is still new evidence of these animals out there, waiting to be found."
The buried prints came to light when quarry worker Gary Johnson felt "unusual bumps" as he was stripping the clay back with his vehicle in order to expose the quarry floor.
More than one hundred researchers then excavated in the site in June, where they found around 200 footprints, the universities said in a statement.
- Reuters
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