Pursuing Accountability for Corporate Complicity in Population Transfer in Palestine

BADIL Resource Center
94 Pages
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Corporate Social Responsibility,
Human Rights Law,
Human Rights,
International Human Rights Law,
Israel/Palestine
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While the first paper overviewed corporate complicity in violations of international law, the second paper shows how corporations, such as Caterpillar and Volvo among others engage in the international crime of forcible transfer. These corporations play a substantial role in profiting from, enabling and facilitating the act of forced population transfer, through their business relationships and activities, in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) including East Jerusalem. Such actions, conducted with direct and indirect support from Israel, remain in clear violation of internationally established frameworks that place obligations on corporations and states to operate in accordance with international law. Although legal mechanisms may present a venue for redress of human rights violations by businesses, they do not cater to the pursuit of accountability for all forms of complicity. Accordingly, the information and guidance provided in the paper provide organizations, advocates and interested parties the opportunity to feasibly pursue accountability through all avenues permitted by their respective capacities.

https://www.academia.edu/21504114/Pursuing_Accountability_for_Corporate_Complicity_in_Population_Transfer_in_Palestine

The Food System: Concentration and Its Impacts

Philip Howard

2020, A Special Report to the Family Farm Action Alliance

28 Pages

1 File ▾

The industrialization of agriculture: vertical coordination in the US food system.,

Food Systems,

Economic Concentration,

Social aspects of food production and ecological farming systems

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Consolidation is happening across all sectors in the food system, at the national and global levels, and has resulted in a particular set of power relationships. This has resulted in numerous negative impacts on farmers, workers and their communities as well as consumers, who have experienced higher prices and less innovation. These power relationships impact our food system democracy and are particularly concerning for marginalized voices and communities.

https://www.academia.edu/45006145/The_Food_System_Concentration_and_Its_Impacts

Power, Food and Agriculture: Implications for Farmers, Consumers and Communities

Philip Howard

2017, University of Missouri College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources Division of Applied Social Sciences Working Paper

346 Views55 Pages

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Agroecology,

Capital as power,

Economic Concentration

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One of the most pressing concerns about the industrialization of agriculture and food is the consolidation and concentration of markets for agricultural inputs, agricultural commodities food processing and groceries. In essence a small minority of actors globally exercise great control over food system decisions. This means that because of increased consolidation of these markets globally – from the United States to China to Brazil, from South Africa to the United Kingdom – the vast majority of farmers, consumers and communities are left out of key decisions about how we farm and what we eat. Transnational agrifood firms are motivated by profits and power in the marketplace, leaving other social, economic and ecological goals behind. This creates an agroecological crisis in the face of climate uncertainty but one that is rooted in social and economic organization. In this chapter we detail the current economic organization of agriculture, and briefly describe its negative impacts on farmers, communities and ecology. We conclude by articulating stories of farmer-led resistance that imagine a new food system.

https://www.academia.edu/35117557/Power_Food_and_Agriculture_Implications_for_Farmers_Consumers_and_Communities

 

Precarious Work in the Asian Seafood Global Value Chain

Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee

107 Views34 Pages

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Seafood processing,

Global Production Networks,

Decent work,

International Human Rights Standards

This report details the context of intensive labour exploitation and abuse of vulnerable workers in the Asian seafood industry and elsewhere. The outsourcing of production and processing activities to the bottom of seafood global value chains (GVCs) in Asia has resulted in intensive labour exploitation and abuse of vulnerable workers—especially women migrant workers from marginalized communities. Workers at the base of seafood value chains in Bangladesh, India and Thailand suffer non-enforcement of legal rights and violations of ILO labour standards, including restricted freedom of association, low wages, gender discrimination, workplace violence, wage theft and child and forced labour. The iteration of these rights violations across Asian countries testifies to the structural nature of these rights violations, reproduced across contexts and integrally linked to the structure of the seafood GVC. Moreover, with 200 countries currently participating in the seafood GVC, working conditions and wages in developing countries have significant impact on wages and working conditions in developing and developed countries alike.

https://www.academia.edu/29922088/Precarious_Work_in_the_Asian_Seafood_Global_Value_Chain

Gender Based Violence in the H&M Garment Supply Chain

Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee

2018, Workers Voices from the Global Supply Chain: Reports to the ILO 2018

502 Views53 Pages

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Cambodia,

Indonesia,

Sri Lanka,

Violence Against Women,

Bangladesh

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This report—including interviews with more than 331 workers employed in 32 factories that supply to H&M—documents the experiences of women garment workers at the base of H&M garment supply chains. Concentrated in short term, low-skill, and low-wage positions, they are at daily risk of gender based violence and harassment at work. This new research documents sexual harassment and violence including physical violence, verbal abuse, coercion, threats and retaliation, and routine deprivations of liberty including forced overtime. The research also makes clear these are not isolated incidents and that gender based violence in the H&M garment supply chain is a direct result of how H&M conducts business. Based upon analysis of the spectrum of gender based violence and associated risk factors in the garment industry, these reports include concrete recommendations for an ILO Convention to eliminate gender based violence and harassment in the world of work.

https://www.academia.edu/36753924/Gender_Based_Violence_in_the_H_and_M_Garment_Supply_Chain

Gender Based Violence in the GAP Garment Supply Chain

Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee

2018, Workers Voices from the Global Supply Chain: Reports to the ILO 2018

202 Views50 Pages

2 Files ▾

Cambodia,

Indonesia,

Sri Lanka,

Bangladesh,

India

 ...more ▾

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This report—including interviews with more than 215 workers employed in 21 factories that supply to Gap—documents the experiences of women garment workers at the base of Gap garment supply chains in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Concentrated in short term, low skill, and low-wage positions, they are at daily risk of gender based violence and harassment at work. This new research documents sexual harassment and violence including physical violence, verbal abuse, coercion, threats and retaliation, and routine deprivations of liberty including forced overtime. The research also makes clear these are not isolated incidents and that gender based violence in the Gap garment supply chain is a direct result of how Gap conducts business. Based upon analysis of the spectrum of gender based violence and associated risk factors in the garment industry, these reports include concrete recommendations for an ILO Convention to eliminate gender based violence and harassment in the world of work.

https://www.academia.edu/36760838/Gender_Based_Violence_in_the_GAP_Garment_Supply_Chain

'The international division of labour produces not simply 'people' and 'spaces'

Meenu Sethi

16 Pages

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Globalization,

Gender and Development

In this essay I will discuss how international division of labour creates gendered subjects and spaces. I would argue that the phenomenon that has caused international division of labour and creation of gendered subjects and spaces is globalisation. My effort in this essay would be to analyse certain layers and geographical cross sections of the global economic activities through a categorical gendered lens. I will argue that although globalisation and international division of labour has indeed created gendered subjects and spaces, its effects on women cannot be generalised.

https://www.academia.edu/29742824/The_international_division_of_labour_produces_not_simply_people_and_spaces

 

Deterrence, Rational Choice and White-collar Crime: Occupational Health and Safety in Bangladesh RMG Sector

Muhammad Faisol Chowdhury

421 Views90 Pages

2 Files ▾

Criminology,

Deterrence,

Occupational Health & Safety,

Rational Choice,

Ethics & Compliance Management,

Ethics & Compliance Auditing,

Bangladesh,

Rational Choice Theory,

White Collar Crime,

Occupational health and safety,

Safety and Health in Workplace,

Health and Safety,

Safety Health and Environtment,

Apparel Industry,

Workplace health and safety,

Deterrence Theory,

Readymade Garments,

RMG Sector of Bangladesh,

Bangladesh Labour Act 2006,

Ready Made Garments (RMG)

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The objective of this research is, firstly to investigate the managerial perception of administering occupational health and safety (OHS) provisions to reduce workplace accidents and, secondly, to explore the managerial interpretation of the idea of white-collar crime in relation to the avoidance of, or negligence in administering, the OHS provisions. This research particularly focuses on the readymade garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It is qualitative in nature and follows an interpretivist and constructivist philosophical paradigm. Data were collected from two deviant cases (e.g. Tazreen Fashions Limited and Rana Plaza) and from the questionnaire responses of 24 participants from 24 RMG factories (6 outsourced and 6 subcontracted) located in Dhaka. All of the participants were top-level, male, full-time executives at the RMG factories (i.e. owners and manages). Despite its limitations, the research finds that all of the factory owners believe in the appropriateness of the OHS provisions for reducing workplace accidents effectively. It also discovers that the application of OHS as a deterrent factor to accidents exists among the outsourced factory owners and but is absent from the subcontracted factory owners. The research also unfolds the different interpretations of white-collar crime between the outsourced and subcontracted factory owners. Based on the further analysis of the empirical evidence, however, it is suggested that the evasion of OHS practices can be labelled white-collar crime.

https://www.academia.edu/8216877/Deterrence_Rational_Choice_and_White_collar_Crime_Occupational_Health_and_Safety_in_Bangladesh_RMG_Sector

 

Violence Against Women and Men in the World of Work, Executive Summary of New Research on Asian Garment Supply Chains and Recommendations for an ILO Convention, May 2018

Anjum Shaheen

Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee

89 Views16 Pages

1 File ▾

Labor Economics,

Sexuality,

Gender and Sexuality,

Gender

In the lead up to the 107th Session of the International Labour Conference, a global coalition of trade unions, worker rights and human rights organizations, which includes Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), CENTRAL Cambodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS)Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) just released new factory level research detailing gender based violence in Walmart, Gap, and H&M Asian garment supply chains. These reports aim to make sure that the experiences and recommendations of low wage women workers—employed in sectors and supply chains that rely on their labor—are lifted up in order to create a strong ILO Convention that will guide employers, multi-national enterprises, and governments in working with trade unions to eliminate gender based violence in garment supply chains and other workplaces. This Executive Summary provides recommendations to the ILO, key findings, and the aggregated spectrum of gender based violence, gendered production roles, and methodology from the Workers Voices 2018 report series.

https://www.academia.edu/36776627/Violence_Against_Women_and_Men_in_the_World_of_Work_Executive_Summary_of_New_Research_on_Asian_Garment_Supply_Chains_and_Recommendations_for_an_ILO_Convention_May_2018

Precarious Work in the Walmart Global Value Chain

Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee

441 Views46 Pages

1 File ▾

Sustainable Supply Chain,

Global Production Networks,

the International Labour Organization (ILO),

Bangladesh Labour Act 2006,

Indian Labour Law

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This report presents new research on violations of international labour standards in Walmart garment supplier factories. Information was collected through interviews and focus group discussions including 344 workers engaged in Walmart supply chains in Bangladesh, Cambodia and India; and an in-depth case study, spanning 8 months, of working conditions in an Indonesian Walmart supplier employing 3,800 Indonesian contract workers. These recent findings, collected between December 2012 and May 2016, are situated in context of both previous studies on Walmart supply chains and the broader context of the global production network.

https://www.academia.edu/31243423/Precarious_Work_in_the_Walmart_Global_Value_Chain

Workers' Lives, Walmart's Pocket: Garments’ Global Chain, from Savar to New York

Anu Muhammad

1,542 Views8 Pages

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Globalisation and Development,

GSP,

Workers rights,

Walmart,

Bangladesh Garments Sector

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In its spatial expansion, capital has globalised the production and distribution chain. The division of labour has been restructured throughout the world, factories have shifted from North to South, structural unemployment has increased in the North and cheap labour has been exploited to the hilt in the South. Bangladesh has thereby become the second-largest ready-made garment exporter in the world after China, supplying garments to major Western clothing brands. On 24 April 2013, the collapse of Rana Plaza that housed five garment factories killed at least 1,134 workers and injured many more. It exposed the vulnerability of the industry as well as the global lack of responsibility and accountability. This article investigates the global chain of the industry in order to understand the linkages between the lives of workers in the South and the profits of the monopolies of the North. The article also makes an attempt to understand the roles played by the local and global profiteers in the supply chain.

https://www.academia.edu/13212390/Workers_Lives_Walmarts_Pocket_Garments_Global_Chain_from_Savar_to_New_York