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Monday, April 13, 2026

Pope Leo says he does not fear Trump, citing Gospel as he pushes back in feud over Iran war

WASHINGTON (AP) — While it’s not unusual for popes and presidents to be at cross purposes, it’s exceedingly rare for the pope to directly criticize a U.S. leader — and Trump’s stinging response is equally uncommon, if not more so.


Pope Leo XIV speaks to journalists aboard his flight bound for Algiers’ Houari Boumédiène International Airport on Monday, April 13, 2026, at the start of an 11-day apostolic journey to Africa. (Alberto Pizzoli/Pool Photo via AP)


Will WeissertJosh Boak and Nicole Winfeld
April 13, 2026


WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S.-born Pope Leo XIV pushed back Monday on President Donald Trump’s broadside against him over the U.S.-Israel war in Iran, telling reporters that the Vatican’s appeals for peace and reconciliation are rooted in the Gospel, and that he doesn’t fear the Trump administration.

“To put my message on the same plane as what the president has attempted to do here, I think is not understanding what the message of the Gospel is,” Leo told The Associated Press aboard the papal plane en route to Algeria. “And I’m sorry to hear that but I will continue on what I believe is the mission of the church in the world today.”

History’s first U.S.-born pope stressed that he was not making a direct attack against Trump or anyone else with his general appeal for peace and criticisms of the “delusion of omnipotence” that is fueling the Iran wars and other conflicts around the world.

“I will not enter into debate. The things that I say are certainly not meant as attacks on anyone. The message of the Gospel is very clear: ‘Blessed are the peacemakers,’” Leo said.

“I will not shy away from announcing the message of the Gospel and inviting all people to look for ways of building bridges of peace and reconciliation, and looking for ways to avoid war any time that’s possible”

Speaking to other reporters, he added: “I’m not afraid of the Trump administration or of speaking out loudly about the message of the Gospel, which is what the Church works for.”

“We are not politicans. We do not look at foreign policy from the same perspective that he may have,” the pope said, adding, ”I will continue to speak out strongly against war, seeking to promote peace, promoting dialogue and multilateralism among states to find solutions to problems.

“Too many people are suffering today, too many innocent people have been killed, and I believe someone must stand up and say that there is a better way,” he said.
Trump says Leo is not ‘doing a very good job’

Trump delivered an extraordinary broadside against Leo on Sunday night, saying he didn’t think the U.S.-born global leader of the Catholic Church is “doing a very good job” and that “he’s a very liberal person,” while also suggesting the pontiff should “stop catering to the Radical Left.”

Flying back to Washington from Florida, Trump used a lengthy social media post to sharply criticize Leo, then kept it up after deplaning, in comments on the tarmac to reporters.

“I’m not a fan of Pope Leo,” he said.

Trump’s comments came after Leo suggested over the weekend that a “delusion of omnipotence” is fueling the U.S.-Israel war in Iran. While it’s not unusual for popes and presidents to be at cross purposes, it’s exceedingly rare for the pope to directly criticize a U.S. leader — and Trump’s stinging response is equally uncommon, if not more so.

“Pope Leo is WEAK on Crime, and terrible for Foreign Policy,” the president wrote in his post, adding, “I don’t want a Pope who thinks it’s OK for Iran to have a Nuclear Weapon.”

Italian politicians across the spectrum showed their solidarity with Leo. Premier Giorgia Meloni sent a message of support for his peace mission while the leader of the main opposition party, Elly Schlein, was more direct, calling Trump’s attacks “extremely serious.”

Trump repeated that sentiment in comments to reporters, saying, “We don’t like a pope who says it’s OK to have a nuclear weapon.”

Later, Trump posted a picture suggesting he had saint-like powers akin to those of Jesus Christ. Wearing a biblical-style robe, Trump is seen laying hands on a bedridden man as light emanates from his fingers, while a soldier, a nurse, a praying woman and a bearded man in a baseball cap all look on admiringly. The sky above is filled with eagles, an American flag and vaporous images.

Leo’s opposition to war irked Trump

All of that came after Leo presided over an evening prayer service in St. Peter’s Basilica on Saturday, the same day the United States and Iran began face-to-face negotiations in Pakistan during a fragile ceasefire. The pope didn’t mention the United States or Trump by name, but his tone and message appeared directed at Trump and U.S. officials, who have boasted of U.S. military superiority and justified the war in religious terms.

Leo, who is on an 11-day trip to Africa starting Monday — has previously said that God “does not listen to the prayers of those who wage war, but rejects them.” He’s also referenced an Old Testament passage from Isaiah, saying that “even though you make many prayers, I will not listen — your hands are full of blood.”

Before the ceasefire, when Trump warned of mass strikes against Iranian power plants and other infrastructure and that “an entire civilization will die tonight,” Leo described such sentiments as “truly unacceptable.”

In his social media post on Sunday night, however, Trump went far beyond the war in Iran in criticizing Leo.

The president wrote, “I don’t want a Pope who thinks it’s terrible that America attacked Venezuela, a Country that was sending massive amounts of Drugs into the United States.” That was a reference to the Trump administration having ousted Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro in January.

“I don’t want a Pope who criticizes the President of the United States because I’m doing exactly what I was elected, IN A LANDSLIDE, to do,” Trump added, referencing his 2024 election victory.

He also suggested in the post that Leo only got his position “because he was an American, and they thought that would be the best way to deal with President Donald J. Trump.”

“If I wasn’t in the White House, Leo wouldn’t be in the Vatican,” Trump wrote, adding, “Leo should get his act together as Pope, use Common Sense, stop catering to the Radical Left, and focus on being a Great Pope, not a Politician. It’s hurting him very badly and, more importantly, it’s hurting the Catholic Church!”

In his subsequent comments to reporters, Trump remained highly critical, saying of Leo, “I don’t think he’s doing a very good job. He likes crime I guess” and adding, “He’s a very liberal person.”

Bishops say the pope is not a politician

Archbishop Paul S. Coakley, president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, issued a statement saying he was “disheartened” by Trump’s comments.

“Pope Leo is not his rival; nor is the Pope a politician. He is the Vicar of Christ who speaks from the truth of the Gospel and for the care of souls,” Coakley said.

The Italian Bishops’ Conference expressed regret over Trump’s words, and underlined that the pope “is not a political counterpart, but the successor of Peter, called to serve the Gospel, truth and peace.”

In the 2024 election, Trump won 55% of Catholic voters, according to AP VoteCast, an extensive survey of the electorate. But Trump’s administration also has close ties to conservative evangelical Protestant leaders and has claimed heavenly endorsement for the war on Iran.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth urged Americans to pray for victory “in the name of Jesus Christ.” And, when Trump was asked whether he thought God approved of the war, he said, “I do, because God is good — because God is good and God wants to see people taken care of.”

Winfield reported from aboard the papal plane.

Trump says ‘not a big fan’ of Pope Leo after his anti-war message


ByAFP
April 13, 2026


US President Donald Trump slammed the Pope's anti-war message as he returned to the White House after a weekend of golf and UFC fighting - Copyright AFP ATTA KENARE

US President Donald Trump told reporters Sunday that he is “not a big fan” of Pope Leo XIV, after the global leader of Catholics made a plea for peace amid the war in the Middle East.

The 70-year-old American pope publicly implored leaders on Saturday to end the violence, telling worshippers at St Peter’s Basilica: “Enough of the idolatry of self and money! Enough of the display of power! Enough of war!”

“I’m not a big fan of Pope Leo. He’s a very liberal person, and he’s a man that doesn’t believe in stopping crime,” Trump told reporters at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland.

He accused the pontiff of “toying with a country that wants a nuclear weapon.”

Trump later doubled down on his comments to reporters with a post on Truth Social, saying: “I don’t want a Pope who thinks it’s OK for Iran to have a Nuclear Weapon.”

“Pope Leo is WEAK on Crime, and terrible for Foreign Policy,” he said.

The president added that Leo had only been elected “because he was an American, and they thought that would be the best way to deal with President Donald J. Trump.”

“If I wasn’t in the White House, Leo wouldn’t be in the Vatican.”

Trump later posted an AI-generated image seemingly depicting himself as Jesus Christ.

In the image, the president appears dressed in red and white robes as he cures a man with his healing hand. The American flag is shown over his shoulder.

Trump and the White House have previously shared AI-generated images, including one that showed the president dressed as the pope.



– Rejecting a rift –



Washington and the Vatican have rejected reports of a rift.

On Friday, a Vatican official denied reports that a top Pentagon official gave the church’s envoy to the United States a “bitter lecture” over Pope Leo’s criticisms of the Trump administration.

The story in the Free Press — which the Pentagon had already dismissed as “distorted” — reported that Cardinal Christophe Pierre was summoned in January to the Pentagon, where he was given a dressing-down by US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Elbridge Colby.

The military official reportedly told the cardinal that the United States “has the military power to do whatever it wants — and that the Church had better take its side.”

Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni said in a statement “the account presented by certain media outlets regarding this meeting does not correspond to the truth in any way.”

While both parties insist the meeting was cordial, the Holy See and the White House have openly been at odds over the Trump administration’s hardline mass deportation campaign — which the pope called “inhuman” — and the use of military force in the Middle East and Venezuela.

When Trump made genocidal threats against Iran Tuesday — saying “A whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again” — the pontiff slammed the “truly unacceptable” statement and urged parties to “come back to the table” for negotiations.

Earlier this month, Pope Leo hailed the news of a ceasefire between the United States and Iran as a “sign of real hope.”

But peace talks between the United States and Iran, held in the Pakistani capital Islamabad, ended abruptly and without a resolution on Saturday, with US Vice President JD Vance telling reporters after a marathon-session of talks that Washington has delivered its “final and best offer.”

Trump rages at 'weak' Pope Leo XIV over criticisms: 'Leo should get his act together!'

Robert Davis
April 12, 2026 
RAW STORY

U.S. President Donald Trump speaks after disembarking Air Force One as he arrives at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland, U.S., April 12, 2026. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque


President Donald Trump raged at Pope Leo XIV in a Truth Social post on Sunday night after the Pope criticized the president.

Pope Leo has been an outspoken critic of Trump's war with Iran, and called the president's threat to destroy the Iranian civilization "truly unacceptable." The Pope has also rebuked the president's immigration policies.

"Enough of the idolatry of self and money!” Leo said on Saturday, according to the Associated Press. “Enough of the display of power! Enough of war!”

Trump responded to Pope Leo's criticisms on Sunday on Truth Social.

"Pope Leo is WEAK on Crime, and terrible for Foreign Policy. He talks about 'fear' of the Trump Administration, but doesn’t mention the FEAR that the Catholic Church, and all other Christian Organizations, had during COVID when they were arresting priests, ministers, and everybody else, for holding Church Services, even when going outside, and being ten and even twenty feet apart," Trump wrote. "I like his brother Louis much better than I like him, because Louis is all MAGA. He gets it, and Leo doesn’t!"

"I don’t want a Pope who thinks it’s terrible that America attacked Venezuela, a Country that was sending massive amounts of Drugs into the United States and, even worse, emptying their prisons, including murderers, drug dealers, and killers, into our Country," Trump added. "And I don’t want a Pope who criticizes the President of the United States because I’m doing exactly what I was elected, IN A LANDSLIDE, to do, setting Record Low Numbers in Crime, and creating the Greatest Stock Market in History."

"Leo should get his act together as Pope, use Common Sense, stop catering to the Radical Left, and focus on being a Great Pope, not a Politician. It’s hurting him very badly and, more importantly, it’s hurting the Catholic Church!" Trump continued.

Observers mock 'lunatic' Trump's late-night diatribe about Pope Leo XIV: 'Bro, go to bed'

Robert Davis
April 12, 2026 
RAW STORY

Political analysts and observers mocked President Donald Trump on Sunday night after he issued a lengthy diatribe against Pope Leo XIV.

Pope Leo has sharply criticized the Trump administration's immigration policies and its war with Iran. Those criticisms seem to have gotten under Trump's skin, as he raged at the "weak" Pope for his handling of "crime" and "foreign policy" in a new post on Truth Social.

"I don’t want a Pope who thinks it’s OK for Iran to have a Nuclear Weapon," Trump wrote. "I don’t want a Pope who thinks it’s terrible that America attacked Venezuela, a Country that was sending massive amounts of Drugs into the United States and, even worse, emptying their prisons, including murderers, drug dealers, and killers, into our Country."

"And I don’t want a Pope who criticizes the President of the United States because I’m doing exactly what I was elected, IN A LANDSLIDE, to do, setting Record Low Numbers in Crime, and creating the Greatest Stock Market in History," he added. "Leo should be thankful because, as everyone knows, he was a shocking surprise. He wasn’t on any list to be Pope, and was only put there by the Church because he was an American, and they thought that would be the best way to deal with President Donald J. Trump. If I wasn't (sic) in the White House, Leo wouldn’t be in the Vatican."

Political analysts and observers reacted on social media.

"Bro, go to bed," Rep. Malcom Kenyatta, a Democrat in Pennsylvania, posted on X.

"I've never been closer to converting to Catholicism than this moment," physician Eric Strong posted on Bluesky. "I have absolutely no intention of ever doing so - but this is still the closest I've been."

"Trump is a f------ lunatic," writer Polly Sigh posted on X.

"Way to build coalitions. Attack the Pope!" writer Wajahat Ali posted on X.


Op-Ed: Trump vs Pope is not a fight Trump can win.


By Paul Wallis
EDITOR AT LARGE
DIGITAL JOURNAL
April 13, 2026


Pope Leo painted a grim picture of the current state of the world during a prayer vigil for peace at St Peter's Basilica - Copyright AFP Filippo MONTEFORTE

Americans seem to think that the rest of the world is some sort of sideshow. 8 billion people think otherwise.

The world didn’t elect Trump. They’re not under his jurisdiction. Nor are Canada, Greenland, Europe, or the rest of the world, including the Vatican and the Pope, the most recent subject of a Trump tirade.

You’d think otherwise from Trump’s stated views. The Pope is accused of being “weak on crime, weak on nuclear weapons”.

Let’s leave out the fully justified sarcasm. The Pope doesn’t have the Epstein files on his To Do list, nor a plague of lawsuits dating back years. The Pope isn’t presiding over the biggest, dirtiest, most crime-ridden money laundry on Earth in conjunction with global organized crime that makes trillions a year. Trump has never even mentioned organized crime in either term.

The Pope isn’t even threatening to destroy civilizations. The guy should obviously get out more and mix with the real conservative geniuses who selflessly destroy their own countries with or without wars.

The Pope is also accused of catering to the Radical Left, that omnipresent, vicious global threat that never seems to do anything at all. The same Radical Left we’ve been calling “leftovers” for decades now, based on their equally dated rhetoric. Catering may even go so far as a feeble smile and an overpriced avocado sandwich.

Trump also posted a truly nauseating picture of himself as a saviour-like figure healing the sick by laying on of AI-generated glowing hands. Some might call it heresy. Others might call it bad taste in a country maimed by medical costs.

The world’s 1.4 billion Catholics may not be impressed by all this.

Neither is anyone else.

Even Murdoch’s News Group is calling it “weird”. According to the quote in that link, the Pope “likes crime’. That News article is interesting because it uses the same misplaced capitalizations that Trump includes in every statement. It may well be verbatim to some extent.

Trump was elected to be President of the United States.

Nowhere else.

Nobody else.

We’ll see how good he is at that if the 2026 budget goes through with its two trillion overspend. If all the court orders don’t destroy him. If the Epstein files and associated baggage suddenly turn into fiction.

There are roughly as many Catholics in the US as Trump’s entire voter base in 2024.

Trump is famously not good with numbers.

I just want to see the numbers when they read the will.

Wednesday, April 08, 2026

PANNIER: Uzbekistan’s air pollution officials search for lasting solutions

PANNIER: Uzbekistan’s air pollution officials search for lasting solutions
Most of eastern Central Asia suffers horrendous difficulties with air pollution. / Janusz Walczak via PixabayFacebook
By Bruce Pannier April 7, 2026

Uzbekistan’s air pollution problem has noticeably worsened over the last several years, but at the end of March authorities strengthened efforts to combat the dilemma.

The government introduced a series of measures aimed at lowering the choking pollution and effects caused by increasingly frequent dust storms.

Previous steps have not been sufficiently effective, but the government has unveiled a five-year plan specifically to deal with air quality issues.

Toxic to breathe

It is not only Uzbekistan but most of the eastern part of Central Asia, where most of the region’s population lives, that suffers heightened levels of air pollution.

Decades of using coal as a primary source of generating electricity and heating homes has contributed to the pollution problems now being seen.

More recently, winds blowing over the desiccated Aral Sea bed in western Central Asia have brought ever greater amounts of dust eastward, darkening the skies as far away as Tajikistan in the region’s southeastern corner.

On January 3, 2024, the website IQAir, which monitors air quality globally, rated the air quality in the Uzbek capital Tashkent as “very unhealthy,” and second only to New Delhi in terms of pollutants.

On February 21-22, 2024, IQAir ranked Tashkent as having the worst air quality in the world. Also on February 22, Kazakhstan’s capital Astana and Kyrgyzstan’s capital Bishkek ranked 9th and 19th, respectively.


 

World's most polluted countries & regions
(Ranking based on annual average PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m³). PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter air pollution that is 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter, in other words, small enough to enter deep into the lungs and bloodstream).

Graphic credit: IQAir.

Tashkent does not even have the worst air pollution in Uzbekistan. Yearly averages show Uzbekistan’s eastern city of Ferghana, home to one of the country’s oil refineries, has the worst air quality problem.

Then there are the dust storms. Not long ago, dust storms were rare in Central Asia, but in recent years they have become common events.

In 2025, Tajikistan was hit by 63 dust storms, up from 35 in 2024.

A huge dust storm blew into Tashkent on May 17, 2025, cutting visibility on main streets to a few hundred metres.

Dust blown from the dried-out Aral Sea area often carries alkaline soil left as the water evaporated from the seabed. This alkaline soil causes respiratory ailments in people and destroys crops.

Time to get serious

In January 2024, as air pollution was growing worse, activists staged a flashmob under the hashtag #TozaHavoKerak (clean air needed), calling on authorities to find a lasting solution to the problem.

Protests of any kind are extremely rare in Uzbekistan, so the event itself was an indication of public desperation at the air quality situation.

After the horrible air pollution in the first two months of 2024, Uzbek authorities started to broadcast warnings to alert the public about rising levels or air pollution or to when dust storms were coming. It didn’t ease the problem. It only reminded the population that it was hazardous to breathe.

On February 21, 2024, Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed an order for a “Day without Automobiles” in Tashkent. One day per month, people in the Uzbek capital were to leave their vehicles at home and use public transportation to get to work.

State employees were told to set a “personal example” by taking public transportation to and from work.

It was billed as part of the “Uzbekistan-2030” strategy, but it never caught on and air pollution in Tashkent and other parts of Uzbekistan continued to plague residents.

So, two weeks ago, Mirziyoyev signed a decree on “Measures to Implement the National Project ‘Clean Air’ Aimed at Improving Air Quality.”

The project establishes targets for cleaning up the air, such as a 10.5 % reduction in the release of toxic substances and reducing the number of days when pollution hits dangerous levels.

The strategy is being rolled out gradually, starting in Uzbekistan’s section of the Fergana Valley, where the highest concentration of people lives, and then moving west, and finishing in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm in December this year.

The strategy also specifies that starting in May, the 10th and 25th of every month will be the “Day without Automobiles,” though the decree also mentions a “Week with Automobiles.” This time, “civil servants are strictly prohibited from using official vehicles.”

New bicycle lanes will appear across Tashkent and starting from August 1, people can trade in their older vehicles and receive financial credit on the purchase of new cars.

Tashkent will introduce a system that alerts residents via SMS, the media, and using digital platforms to an expected drastic worsening of air quality. And naturally, fines for violating air protection rules are substantially increased and fines for repeat offenders will be fined more than doubled.

Companies that fail to report full and accurate data on emissions also face stiff fines.

On April 1, the Green Nation programme was launched. The goal is to increase Uzbekistan’s “green coverage” area from the current 14.2% to 30% by 2030.

There are also plans to  plant “green belts” in 33 districts to mitigate the effects of dust storms.

The same day the programme was unveiled, work started on planting “green walls” in the Surhandarya and Syrdarya provinces to screen out dust.

The race Is on

Uzbekistan has been working on developing the country’s renewable energy output, particularly solar and wind.

Of some 86.7-billion-kilowatt hours (kWh) of domestically produced electricity in 2025, some 16.8 billion kWh came from renewable energy sources, a 29% increase from 2024. Uzbekistan’s Energy Ministry noted that the boost in renewable energy use prevented some 4.7 tonnes of pollutants from being released into the air.

But Uzbekistan is aiming at a rapidly moving target. A big push in industrialisation combined with a population that since 2015 has been increasing at an average of 700,000 people annually creates an expanding demand for energy.

Uzbekistan was once a natural gas exporter, but for the last four years the country has been boosting gas imports, mainly from Russia and delivered via a pipeline that not long ago carried Uzbek gas to Russia.

It seems that every autumn, officials say the country can meet its energy needs through winter, but shortly after the New Year reports appear about sales of coal and wood soaring.

The new “clean air” programme Mirziyoyev signed runs from 2026 to 2030. Previous attempts at combatting air pollution did not include a long-term strategy, so this latest attempt is, if nothing else, more structured and enduring with specific goals.

The question now is whether these new regulations and targets, coupled with developing renewable energy sources can meet the demands of a growing number of factories and plants and an increasing population and still alleviate a pollution problem that has accumulated over the course of decades.


New research reveals that cutting emissions is not the only way to save lives from air pollution





Stockholm Environment Institute



  • 52% of the global decrease in air pollution mortality rates was driven by reductions in vulnerability, such as improved access to quality healthcare and poverty reduction, rather than just cleaner air (between 1990 and 2019)  


  • Without these unintended “shields”, 1.7 million more people would have died globally from air pollution in 2019 

A major new global modelling study led by researchers at Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) at the University of York challenges the international focus on air pollution. Published in The Lancet Planetary Health, the study finds that reducing population vulnerability is as important as cutting emissions for saving lives. 

The research reveals that while reducing exposure to pollutants is critical, measures such as universal access to quality healthcare and poverty reduction played a crucial, and often overlooked, role in saving lives over the last 30 years. 

A population’s risk of harm from air pollution is shaped by a complex set of socioeconomic and health factors, including pre-existing medical conditions, smoking and the quality and accessibility of medical care. In some regions where air quality has not improved, air pollution mortality rates have still dropped exclusively because of reductions in these vulnerability factors. 

“While cleaning our air remains a critical goal, our findings demonstrate that reducing emissions is only part of the solution,” said Chris Malley, lead author of the study from SEI at the University of York. “To improve public health, we must also focus on the factors that make people susceptible to harm. Integrating healthcare improvements and poverty reduction into air quality strategies is an essential tool for protecting the world's most vulnerable populations from the deadly effects of air pollution.” 

Key findings: 

  • Between 1990 and 2019, global air pollution mortality rates decreased by 45%. Approximately 52% of the decrease in global air pollution mortality rates was due to reductions in vulnerability, rather than just lower pollution levels. 

  • Without the global actions that reduced people's vulnerability to air pollution, an estimated 1.7 million more people would have died from air pollution-related causes in 2019 alone. 

  • Global poverty plummeted from 45% in 1990 to 21% in 2019, acting as a massive, unintended shield against the health burdens of smog. 

  • Public health efforts such as reducing obesity, cutting smoking rates, and treating hypertension are rarely included in air pollution strategies, despite their significant impact on reducing mortality. 

The study also highlights the benefits of combining reductions in air pollution exposure with efforts to strengthen resilience. Both Europe and North America saw similar declines in air pollution exposure between 1990 and 2019. However, reductions in air pollution-related mortality were almost twice as large in Europe, reflecting greater progress in reducing vulnerability through health and social improvements. 

The study concludes that air quality strategies must evolve to include interventions that reduce non-air-pollution health determinants to complement traditional exposure reduction efforts. 

Notes to editors  

About the study  

“Estimating the vulnerability contribution to 1990–2019 changes in the health burden of ambient air pollution: a global modelling study” was published in The Lancet Planetary Health. It can be read here

About Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)  

Stockholm Environment Institute is an international non-profit research institute that tackles climate, environment and sustainable development challenges. We empower partners to meet these challenges through cutting-edge research, knowledge, tools and capacity building. Through SEI’s HQ and seven centres around the world, we engage with policy, practice and development action for a sustainable, prosperous future for all. 

About the University of York  

A member of the prestigious Russell Group, the University of York is a dynamic, research-intensive university committed to institutional excellence and social purpose. 

Media contact 

Toto Reissland Lichman, Engagement and Research Communications Manager, Stockholm Environment Institute York, toto.reissland@sei.org, +44 (0)7976 098139 

Thursday, April 02, 2026

Cuba’s Real Threat to the United States is a Socialised Model of Development

Source: Originally published by Z. Feel free to share widely.

On 29 January, Donald Trump published an Executive Order in which he described Cuba as “an unusual and extraordinary threat” to the United States and threatened tariffs on any “foreign country that directly or indirectly sells or otherwise provides any oil to Cuba”.  This has already resulted in the collapse of the national electricity grid three times in March which has prevented hospitals from maintaining emergency and intensive care services.  Power outages have also impacted water sources, food security and education delivery in a country that created new benchmarks in socialised healthcare and education provision in the global South.

Cuba produces just 40 percent of its oil supply and since the abduction of President Nicolás Maduro and his wife Celia Flores in January, oil imports from Venezuela, its main supplier, have stopped.  Cuba had already been subjected to a US blockade since 1962 which the Cuban government estimates has cost its economy $171 billion or $20 million a day.  These are huge sums for a small island economy wrestling with the rising cost of basic goods and severe restrictions imposed by the US on business, remittances and travel to the island.  The Trump administration has not hidden the ultimate aim of its slow strangulation of the Cuban economy which is regime change and a return to Cuba’s pre-revolutionary status as an appendage to the US ruled by puppet administrations at Washington’s behest.

Cuba’s model of development

Trump’s threat to “take” Cuba and do “anything I want with it” speaks to an imperial arrogance without concern to the welfare or will of the Cuban people.  The US oil blockade represents Cuba’s gravest crisis since the “Special Period in Time of Peace”, an extended period of austerity in the early 1990s precipitated by an 80 percent drop in trade turnover following the collapse of the former Soviet Union.  Cuba survived the Special Period through the resilience and sacrifices of its people and the introduction of innovative and sustainable programmes such as organic farming and the use of biomass as an energy source.  As the economist Helen Yaffe argues:

“decisions made in a period of crisis and isolation from the late 1980s shaped Cuba into the twenty-first century in the realms of development strategy, medical science, energy, ecology and the environment, and in culture and education”.

A regular misjudgement made by Cuba’s western antagonists, particularly the US, was to bracket the island with the Soviet satellites that started to collapse at the end of the Cold War in 1989.  Cuba’s revolution had stronger roots built upon genuine popular participation that characterised the social programmes introduced by the revolutionary government from the early 1960s onward.  In 1961, Cuba launched a literacy campaign involving educational brigades totaling 268,420 members that enabled 707,212 adults to learn to read and reduced the illiteracy rate to 3.9 per cent of the total population.  This initiated one of the social platforms of the revolution; free education for all citizens at all levels with 10,626 schools currently servicing 11 million people.  Women account for 60 percent of the 500,000 people employed in education and occupy leadership roles in 14 of Cuba’s 22 universities.  Cuba has also developed a groundbreaking adult and youth literacy programme called Yo, sí puedo (‘Yes, I Can’) that has been rolled out in thirty countries and enabled 10.6 million people to read, with the majority of learners from the global South.

Healthcare

Cuba’s healthcare, like its education programmes, is free to all citizens and boasts the world’s highest number of doctors per capita at 95.42 per 10,000 people. It has a mean life expectancy of 78.4 years, normally associated with countries in the global North, from a GDP per capita of just $13,302.  By comparison, the US has a slightly higher life expectancy of 82.1 years with a GDP per capita of $80,706. An interesting point of comparison is that Cuba spends 11.8 percent of GDP on socialised healthcare compared to 16.6 percent in the US and yet the US operates a private health system based on profit.  In 2023, 25.3 million Americans (9.5 percent) were uninsured, a figure that looks set to rise dramatically following the passing into law of Donald Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act which could cut health insurance coverage for nearly 12 million Americans.  

Cuba has also excelled in medical research as well as services.  Its biomedical research team advanced vaccine candidates during the Covid-19 pandemic that enabled Cuba to vaccinate its population and share vaccines with partners in the global South.  The island’s internationalist approach to healthcare has seen 400,000 Cuban medical professionals work in 164 countries over six decades providing health services without charge in the world’s poorest countries.  This health solidarity is also reflected in the work of the Henry Reeve Brigade, an international team of medical specialists in disasters and epidemics comprising 1,586 medical professionals, including nurses, doctors and medical technicians dispatched in response to emergency situations wherever they arise.  Their medical missions have included the 2014-16 Ebola outbreak in West Africa when 250 medics risked their lives while fighting the virus in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia.  It also dispatched 593 medical workers to 14 countries during the pandemic, including Lombardy, one of the worst hit regions in Italy.  

Cuba’s international health solidarity also extends to training doctors in its Latin American School of Medicine (Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM)), which celebrated its 25th anniversary in November 2024, having trained 31,180 physicians for service in 120 countries.  The mission of ELAM is to train doctors from the poorest regions and communities of the global South without charge with the proviso that they serve those same communities in their practice.  

In a vindictive act designed to sever health ties between Cuba and the countries in which its medics have been serving, the Trump administration has threatened visa restrictions on the leaders of countries that host Cuban medical teams. This was based on the false allegation that the Cuban medical programmes used “forced labour” that amounted to “human trafficking”; again, a policy designed to isolate Cuba cloaked by a disingenuous interest in the welfare of the Cuban people.  These are the same people being collectively (and illegally) punished by US sanctions.  Also, suffering are the beneficiaries of Cuba’s medical solidarity with the governments of Jamaica, Honduras, Guatemala, Paraguay, the Bahamas, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Guyana formally ending their Cuban medical missions in response to US coercion.

International solidarity

Last month’s Nuestra América aid convoy to Cuba which brought 20 tons of critical supplies for hospitals, schools and families in need was a great example of the solidarity that Cuba enjoys across the world . A total of 650 delegates from 33 countries and 120 organisations brought solar panels, food, medical supplies and powdered milk to the island.  They also brought a clear message to the Trump administration: the Cuban political system is not a matter of negotiation but a determination of the Cuban people.  At the end of March, a Russian oil tanker broke the US oil embargo carrying an estimated 730,000 barrels of crude oil.  A Russian foreign ministry spokesperson, Maria Zakharova, said “Cuba is our closest friend and partner in the Caribbean, and we don’t have the right to abandon it”.  This is a sign that Cuba’s international allies are not willing to step aside and allow the US to slowly strangle the Cuban economy into submission.  It was followed by remarks from Mexico’s president, Claudia Sheinbaum, that “her country has ‌every right to send fuel to Cuba, whether for humanitarian or commercial ​reasons”.  These developments harbour hope that Cuba’s allies in the global South, particularly Latin America, will support the island in its greatest need.  Cuba has offered solidarity to much of the world for more than sixty years and now needs that solidarity to be reciprocated.\\\\\Email

Stephen McCloskey is Director of the Centre for Global Education, Belfast, and editor of the journal Policy and Practice: A Development Education Review. He is the author of Global Learning and International Development in the Age of Neoliberalism (Routledge, 2022).

Source: Originally published by Z. Feel free to share widely.

Cuban eye doctors in Jamaica are the only reason why my grandmother didn’t go fully blind in one eye after she got a botched surgery. The work they’ve done for rural and poor Jamaicans is immeasurable”, wrote a Twitter user last week after the first set of Cuban doctors and nurses left Jamaica.

Two weeks ago, hundreds of Jamaicans marched in a “gratitude walk” to thank Cuba for the 50 years of medical solidarity that they have received. Meanwhile, others on the island have been reportedly rushing to get eye treatment at clinics before Cuban doctors were set to depart. A few weeks ago in Honduras, people were in tears as they applauded and thanked Cuban doctors for their years of service, particularly in providing free eye surgeries. If this is clearly contrary to the interests of people, why are all Cuban doctors, nurses, biomedical engineers, and technicians leaving?

They are not leaving because these countries want them to, but because the United States is forcing them to.

Last year, the United States threatened to cancel U.S. visas for leaders of countries that have Cuban doctors working in them, as part of a decades-long campaign of aggression to destroy Cuba’s medical solidarity, which has saved over 12 million lives across the world. In reaction to this coercion, the governments of Jamaica, Honduras, Guatemala, Paraguay, the Bahamas, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Guyana have formally ended the Cuban medical missions after decades. The governments of Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, and Calabria in Italy have committed to gradually reducing Cuban medical missions. The US is forcing countries to end decades-long relationships with Cuba to further isolate the island from the world, all at the expense of the access and quality of healthcare for millions of people.

Cuba has carried out 30 million medical consultations in Honduras, 900,000 surgeries, and 80,000 eye surgeries. Many of the doctors were working in a free ophthalmology clinic in San Jose de Colinas in Santa Barbara as part of the Venezuelan-Cuban Operation Miracle, which provided free eye care to millions. Now, 150 Cuban doctors have left the country after the newly elected right-wing government immediately cancelled the medical mission. In Guyana, 200 doctors have left after 50 years of providing health access for people who otherwise would not have had any. Last week, Cuban doctors began leaving Guatemala after the government ended Cuban medical missions, which began in 1998 following Hurricane Mitch to provide critical health services to indigenous communities underserved by the Guatemalan health system. Now, 412 Cuban health personnel are beginning to end their service following a closing of ties with the government of Guatemala and the United States, and a clear willingness to bow down to coercive measures. The Bahamas has terminated its Cuban brigades, opting for discussions with the United States over building a workforce based in Canada to serve the medical system.

During this time, Cuban doctors cared for more than 8,176,000 patients, undertook 74,302 surgeries, attended the births of 7,170 babies, and saved 90,000 lives. With the end of the Jamaica Cuba eye care programme, after 16 years of solidarity and 25,000 instances of people regaining their sight. Despite initially saying that “I will prefer to lose my visa than to have 60 poor and working people die,” the Prime Minister of St Vincent and the Grenadines has chosen to let the 60 patients receive dialysis and critical care from Cuban doctors lose their care with the end of the Cuban medical missions to the country.

Not all countries are accepting this attempted coercion and sacrifice of the health of their nation. Trinidad and Tobago and Calabria in Italy have refused to cancel the Cuban medical missions. The Trinidadian President said, “I just came back from California, and if I never go back there again in my life, I will ensure that the sovereignty of Trinidad and Tobago is known to its people and respected by all.”

History of medical solidarity

In 1960, medical aid was sent to Chile after the Valdivia earthquake. But it was 1963 that marked the start of Cuban medical brigades. 58 medical personnel travelled to Algeria to support in rebuilding the health system after the victory of the independence movement in booting out French colonialists. Fidel Castro gave a speech at the opening of a new medical school in Cuba, hours after meeting Ben Bella, Algeria’s President:

“Most of the doctors in Algeria were French, and many have left the country. There are four million more Algerians than Cubans, and colonialism has left them with many diseases, but they have only a third — and even less — of the doctors we have…That’s why I told the students that we needed 50 doctors to volunteer to go to Algeria.

I’m sure there will be no shortage of volunteers…Today we can only send 50, but in 8 or 10 years’ time, who knows how many, and we will be helping our brothers…because the Revolution has the right to reap the rewards it has sown.”

This act of revolutionary solidarity, just four years after the revolution, marked the start of decades of solidarity from Cuba to the world. Since then, more than 600,000 Cuban doctors and health workers have provided healthcare to 165 countries. In fact, there are still Cuban medical brigades operating in 15 Algerian provinces, mainly to reduce maternal and infant mortality.

In 2004, Cuba and Venezuela launched Operación Milagro (Operation Miracle), aimed at providing free eye care and surgeries for people suffering from preventable blindness and other visual impairments. The program restored vision to more than 4 million people across 34 years in just 15 years. This historic program is being forcibly shut down as the US pushes Cuban doctors out of countries today, breaking one of the world’s most remarkable progressions in health provision.

In 2005, following Hurricane Katrina’s devastating impacts in the United States, Cuba created the Henry Reeve International Contingent to respond to natural disasters and health epidemics. While the Bush administration refused Cuban help in responding to Hurricane Katrina, this incredible mission has sent 90 brigades to 55 countries to respond to COVID-19 in Europe and Latin America, Ebola in West Africa, cholera in Haiti, and more. In 2020, the Henry Reeve International Contingent was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

In 2014, Cuba provided the only permanent brigade to support Sierra Leone, Guinea-Conakry, and Liberia in dealing with the Ebola epidemic. No other country or international organisation provided long-term support for the countries. It was Cuban doctors who managed to successfully contain the epidemic.

In March 2020, as COVID was declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, Cuban doctors immediately travelled to Lombardy in Italy, the epicenter of the pandemic, Angola, as well as Latin American countries, including Venezuela and Suriname, to provide support. When a COVID-positive cruise ship with over 600 people onboard was refused docking in every Caribbean country, it was Cuba that allowed them to dock in “a shared effort to confront and stop the spread of the pandemic.” As the US blockade prevented Cuba from accessing vaccines, they manufactured their own – and five of them at that. The blockade slowed down the process significantly, given the lack of medical equipment permitted into the island, the limited research laboratories, and the inability to access enough syringes for mass vaccination. It is only because of the resilience and humanity of Cuban doctors and researchers and the international solidarity of organisations, including CODEPINK, in donating syringes, that Cuba managed to not only protect its population from the pandemic but also export them to the world. In fact, the vaccines produced by Cuba did not require refrigeration, unlike most manufactured in the Global North, given the lack of access to facilities, particularly as they were distributed far across the island. This meant that the vaccine could be sent successfully to countries across the Global South with similar lack of access to refrigeration to protect those otherwise shut out of Global North supply chains. In the face of attacks, Cuba’s resilience is a benefit for all humanity.

Campaign of destruction

The United States has sought to interrupt, discredit, and dismantle this enormous feat as part of its attempts to destroy the Cuban revolution. Cuba’s ability to provide medical missions, despite the 66-year-long genocidal blockade, is a testament to the indestructible resolve of the Cuban people and the country’s commitment to humanity.

On February 23 of this year, the State Department sent a sensitive memo to Marco Rubio, which outlined a strategy of coercing countries in Latin America to boot out Cuban medical missions over the next 2-4 years. These attacks on Cuba’s medical missions were an escalation in the US’s war of imperialist aggression on the island for daring to commit to solidarity and peace, rather than welcome greed and destruction. On March 2nd, Congress approved a law to impose sanctions on any country that has Cuban health workers operating in it. Last August, the Trump administration imposed restrictions and revoked visas from countries working with Cuba on medical missions. Since then, countries have been pulling out of medical missions in fear of US retribution.

Under George W Bush’s presidency, the US set up the “Cuban Medical Professional Parole Program,” which aimed at getting Cuban doctors to desert from their mission and get residency in the United States. This ended under Obama’s administration.

This policy has been carried by a vicious propaganda war that has sought to label Cuban medical missions as “forced labour” and Cuban doctors as “slaves”. While this is a frankly offensive and disrespectful attempt to discredit a revolutionary act of solidarity, it is not only a ruse to justify attacks on Cuban doctors but also a fundamental revelation about the US. The descendants of slaveowners can tell Cubans they are slaves for supporting countries made victims of colonialism and imperialism, but refuse to acknowledge that the transatlantic slave trade was the greatest crime of our time.

Cuba’s medical missions, beyond providing critical health services for millions of people, also provide support for the Cuban healthcare system and economy. When doctors are paid in the countries where they work, their money goes into the public healthcare system to pay the doctors, provide support for their families, as well as patients, doctors, and the healthcare system for the entire island. This is a remarkable act of solidarity for Cubans and the world. The Cuban health system works; in fact, it works so well that Cuba has the highest rate of doctors per capita in the entire world. Whereas, in the United States, people survive depending on whether a company decides they can have a medicine, or if they can afford to pay another large corporation thousands of dollars for the privilege of treating an illness. The US dares to lecture Cuba while more than one-third of Americans cannot afford to access healthcare; while 1.3 million diabetic people ration insulin because the price skyrockets year on year as greedy pharma execs decide; and while over 66% of bankruptcies in the US are because of the costs of healthcare.

It is no wonder that healthcare is a significant target of the US empire’s attacks. Cuba maintains that healthcare is a right, whereas the US affords it as a privilege and arena for profits.

Another critical dimension to Cuba’s medical solidarity is its world-renowned Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM). Founded in 1999, the school provides tuition-free medical education for students from across the world who might otherwise not have access to medical studies. They gain a free medical degree in Cuba, then return to serve their communities back home to develop medical self-sufficiency and sovereignty for their countries. There are over 250 Palestinian students from Gaza studying medicine in Cuba, completely free of charge, in the hopes they will travel back to Palestine and care for their people. Today, there are more than 31,000 doctors in 120 countries who have been trained at ELAM. This truly extraordinary and selfless act of material solidarity is also met with attacks. The U.S. has told St Lucia to stop sending doctors to Cuba for medical studies, which the Prime Minister has warned would cause a “major problem”.

I visited ELAM last year and spent time speaking with two female medical students from Sri Lanka, who were quite excited to see someone else from South Asia in Cuba! I asked them how they found studying at ELAM, living in Cuba, and being taught medicine for free to go back to their communities. They were ecstatic and told me how much they loved being there, and what a unique opportunity it was to become doctors from backgrounds where they otherwise would not have been able to. Their only issue with Cuba was the lack of spicy food!

Also on this trip to Cuba, I met with doctors working in a local hospital outside of Havana. They each shared with pride the different countries they had served in: Angola, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Italy. A similar situation you might find in the United States, or elsewhere in the Global North, is of someone in the military who might tell you with pride how they served in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria. While Cuba’s missions save lives and serve people, U.S. missions massacre people and serve Lockheed Martin.

As more U.S. soldiers are sent to West Asia as part of threats to invade Iran and to kill for the interests of imperialism, it is truly devastating to see Cuban doctors leave hospitals in the Caribbean to the tears of locals who have been helped by them. 

The poles could not be more stark. Cuba, the most blockaded country in history, has saved more than 12 million lives with its medical missions. The U.S., a belligerent empire with the biggest economy in the world, has killed as many as 23 million people in 28 countries since the 1950s.

Cuba reveals the unfettered barbarity of the United States. That is why they fear a tiny island 90 miles off the coast of Florida. Cuba shows us that the world does not have to be dominated by one empire that violently exploits people, extracts resources, and imposes its own will through F-35s and 2,000lb bombs. Cuba reveals humanity to people who have been propagandised into believing that every person has to look out for themselves, and there is danger and violence at every corner. Cuba unravels the lies that the United States is based on.

So, every single time the U.S. attacks Cuba, discredits its government, its economy, its people, its society, it is trying to protect itself. This has nothing to do with Cuba and everything to do with the U.S. The only future for humanity is an end to the U.S. empire.Email

Nuvpreet Kalra is CODEPINK’s Digital Content Producer. She completed a Bachelor’s in Politics & Sociology at the University of Cambridge, and an MA in Internet Equalities at the University of the Arts London. As a student, she was part of movements to divest and decolonize, as well as anti-racist and anti-imperialist groups. Nuvpreet joined CODEPINK as an intern in 2023, and now produces digital and social media content. In England, she organizes with groups for Palestinian liberation, abolition and anti-imperialism.

Angola’s Debt to Cuba is Unfinished

Source: Originally published by Z. Feel free to share widely.

In ‘Freedom Park’ (S’kumbuto) outside Pretoria (South Africa), there is a Wall of Names that honors the men and women who died in the fight to liberate South Africa from apartheid. Amongst these are the names of two thousand and seventy Cuban soldiers who died in Angola between 1975 and 1988 for the liberation of southern Africa. It is said, however, that two thousand two hundred and eighty-nine Cubans died in that period in the region. In August 1975, the first group of Cuban military advisors arrived to assist the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against the Angolan forces (mainly UNITA) backed by the South African apartheid state. Their numbers swelled to 375,000 Cuban soldiers and pilots as well as civilians (including doctors and teachers). It was these Cubans, alongside the MPLA troops, that defeated the South African apartheid forces and their UNITA allies at the battle of Cuito Cuanavale in 1988. When he was released from prison, the first place outside South Africa that took Nelson Mandela was Cuba. In Havana, in 1991, Mandela said, “Without the defeat of Cuito Cunavale, our organizations would not have been legalized. Cuito Cunavale marks the divide in the struggle for the liberation of southern Africa.”

The Cuban mission in Angola was named Operation Carlota, in homage of the enslaved woman who led a rebellion in Matanzas against slavery during the Year of the Lash (1843-44). When Africa needed help, Cuba answered the call.

Today, Cuba needs solidarity. It has been under an illegal blockade for nearly seventy years and now for several months has been under a genocidal oil blockade. The United States has prevented all energy lifelines from entering Cuba, blocking ships from Venezuela and Mexico and threatening to sanction freight and insurance companies that assist Cuba. Blackouts plague the island nation of ten million people, whose ability to live their bare life has been called into question. This is an emergency. There is no other way to describe it.

Angola is one of the world’s largest producers of crude oil and—at its Luanda Refinery—it produces refined oil products. The oil in Angola is owned by the state company, Sonangol, which has contracts with a range of Western oil firms from TotalEnergies (France), Eni (Italy) and Chevron (United States)—all countries that defended its enemies during the war. Angola’s offshore reserves have made it a key player in global energy markets. Oil revenues have transformed Luanda into a city of obvious contrasts: gleaming skyscrapers alongside informal settlements, with the wealth of the oil unevenly distributed, and the development of the country hamstrung by structural inequalities. The MPLA has governed the country since 1975, although this is not the MPLA that fought alongside the Cubans till 1988. José Eduardo dos Santos, who led the country from 1979 to 2017, abandoned Marxism and shaped the oil industry and privatized lucrative state assets to benefit a small rentier elite (including his family).

Despite the limitations of the situation in Angola, in 2015, the government of Angola erected a large bronze statue at Cuito Cunavale that depicts an Angolan (MPLA) soldier and a Cuban soldier standing across from each other and together holding up a map of Angola. It is a powerful symbol of the reality of how Angola won its sovereignty—with Angolan and Cuban sacrifice and struggle. Without Cuba’s intervention, it is entirely plausible that Angola would have fallen under the control of forces aligned with apartheid South Africa and Western interests, its resources extracted under conditions far less favorable to its people. The oil that Angola now sells on the global market might never have been under Angolan control at all. In this context, the question of Angola providing oil to Cuba is not merely economic, but historical and moral.

Both the MPLA and Angola’s government have condemned the illegal US blockade against Cuba. In September 2025, Angola’s President João Lourenço said that the “unjust and prolonged” blockade which causes serious harm to the Cuban people must be “unconditionally lifted.” Since then, the US has only tightened its grip on the Cuban economy.

A Russian oil tanker, the Anatoly Kolodkin, arrived in Matanzas (Cuba) on 30 March to break the siege. That tanker is named after a famous Soviet jurist who was one of the men who drafted the UN treaty on the Laws of the Seas (1982) and who sat on the International Court of Justice. Perhaps the Russians wanted to send a message about international law when they selected that tanker to carry oil to Cuba against the illegal US blockade. Perhaps President Lourenço can provisionally rename one of the Angolan oil tankers Carlotain honor of the Cuban operation that helped in his country’s liberation. Sonangol would face legal challenges, but so be it: Cuba surmounted any number of threats and challenges to assist Angola, and then left without asking for anything.

History does not move along neat moral lines. It is jagged, contradictory, and often indifferent to the sacrifices made in its name. Yet there are moments when the ledger of history becomes clear enough that we can speak, without hesitation, of obligation—of debts incurred not through coercion, but through solidarity. The relationship between Cuba and Angola is one such moment. It is a relationship forged not in trade agreements or diplomatic formalities, but in blood, in sacrifice, and in a shared commitment to the liberation of Africa from colonial and apartheid domination.

We live in a time when the language of solidarity has been hollowed out, replaced by the technocratic vocabulary of ‘partnerships’ and ‘investments.’ Yet the history of Cuba and Angola reminds us that another kind of relationship is possible—one based not on extraction or profit, but on mutual commitment to human dignity. Cuba did not send its sons and daughters to Angola because it expected oil in return. It did so because it believed that the freedom of Angola was inseparable from its own revolutionary ideals. That belief, whatever one thinks of it, had real consequences. It changed the course of history in southern Africa. Today, Angola can respond—not out of obligation imposed from outside, but out of a recognition of shared history. To provide oil to Cuba would be to say that the sacrifices of the past are not forgotten, that internationalism is not a relic, and that the Global South can still act in ways that defy the narrow logic of profit.

This article was produced by Globetrotter.Email

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Vijay Prashad is an Indian historian, editor, and journalist. He is a writing fellow and chief correspondent at Globetrotter. He is an editor of LeftWord Books and the director of Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. He is a senior non-resident fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China. He has written more than 20 books, including The Darker Nations and The Poorer Nations. His latest books are Struggle Makes Us Human: Learning from Movements for Socialism and (with Noam Chomsky) The Withdrawal: Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and the Fragility of U.S. Power. Tings Chak is the art director and a researcher at Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research and lead author of the study “Serve the People: The Eradication of Extreme Poverty in China.” She is also a member of Dongsheng, an international collective of researchers interested in Chinese politics and society.

U.S. Pressure on Cuba Continues Despite Arrival of Russian Oil Tanker

Source: Democracy Now!



A Russian tanker carrying around 700,000 barrels of crude oil has arrived in the port of Matanzas, Cuba, breaking the U.S. blockade imposed by President Trump three months ago. Fuel shortages in Cuba have caused dayslong blackouts and have brought all sectors of the country to the brink of collapse.

The White House is claiming the arrival of the Russian tanker, unimpeded by the United States, does not signal a “formal change in sanction policy,” and said U.S. decisions on shipments going forward would be made on a case-by-case basis.

“I think possibly what’s going on is that the administration has begun to worry that their effort to strangle the economy could push the economy over the edge and generate a mass migration crisis,” says William LeoGrande, professor of government at American University.

“Who is the United States? Who gave you the authorization to say how much oil is going into Cuba or not? This is illegal,” adds Liz Oliva Fernández, a Cuban journalist with Belly of the Beast.


Transcript

This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form.

AMY GOODMAN: This is Democracy Now!, democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report. I’m Amy Goodman.

A Russian oil tanker has arrived in the port of Matanzas, Cuba, breaking the U.S. blockade imposed by the U.S. three months ago. The tanker is carrying around 700,000 barrels of crude oil. Fuel shortages in Cuba have caused dayslong blackouts, have brought all sectors of Cuba to the brink of collapse. This is Havana resident Ismael de la Luz Caballero.

ISMAEL DE LA LUZ CABALLERO: [translated] I see the arrival of the ship and the fact that they allowed it in very positively. However, we need them to let more shipments through. After all, a single ship amounts to just over 75,000 barrels, and that lasts only 15 days. What happens after that? We’ll be right back to the blackouts and the transportation crisis. Things are in a dire state on that front. The Americans need to let us live a little, to let us breathe, because we’ve reached a point where we can barely breathe anymore.

AMY GOODMAN: The White House is claiming the arrival of the Russian tanker, unimpeded by the United States, does not signal a formal change in sanction policy, and said decisions on shipments going forward would be made on a case-by-case basis. President Trump spoke to reporters aboard Air Force One Sunday.

PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: If he wants to do that and if other countries want to do it, it doesn’t bother me much. It’s not going to have an impact. Cuba’s finished. They have a bad regime. They have very bad and corrupt leadership. And whether or not they get a boat of oil, it’s not going to matter. I’d prefer letting it in, whether it’s Russia or anybody else, because the people need heat and cooling and all of the other things that you need. Go ahead.

AMY GOODMAN: For more, we’re joined by two guests. In Havana, Cuba, we’re joined by the award-winning journalist Liz Oliva Fernández of the Belly of the Beast. She’s been reporting on the impacts of U.S. sanctions for years. In Washington, D.C., we’re joined by William LeoGrande. He’s a professor of government at American University, specialist in U.S.-Latin American relations and co-author of Back Channel to Cuba: The Hidden History of Negotiations Between Washington and Havana.

We’ll talk about how hard Cuba has been hit by the U.S. sanctions. I mean, President Trump has been threatening countries around the world against delivering aid to Cuba, and oil. Professor William LeoGrande, can you explain what’s happening? Whether or not Trump says it’s not a change in policy, that will surprise countries around the world that he has demanded they not help Cuba. What is going on here?

WILLIAM LEOGRANDE: Well, I think possibly what’s going on is that the administration has begun to worry that their effort to strangle the Cuban economy could push the economy over the edge and generate a mass migration crisis. That obviously is something that will be very contrary to the president’s overall policy of not allowing anybody into the United States, if he can help it.

They’re playing a dangerous game, I think, in the White House. They are tightening sanctions on Cuba in the hope that somehow this is going to force the Cuban government to surrender to their terms at the negotiating table. But if the Cuban government doesn’t surrender, then there is this risk of bringing the economy really to the edge and over the edge of collapse and generating social chaos on the island and mass migration, and then pressure from the Cuban American community for direct military intervention.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: But, Professor LeoGrande, isn’t this also a sign that the Trump administration realizes it cannot risk a confrontation with Russia in the Caribbean, while at the same time having to have so many troops and so much military hardware deployed in the Persian Gulf and in Iran, and that they’d rather just let the Russian tanker go through? Because, obviously, they’re still putting a lot of pressure on weaker or smaller countries to maintain the embargo against — or, the blockade against supplies to Cuba.

WILLIAM LEOGRANDE: Well, you know, the tanker was not accompanied by any Russian naval forces, so the administration could have seized it with no real resistance. But this administration very rarely does anything that is confrontational with Russia. And I think this is just sort of par for the course with the Trump administration of wanting to, for whatever reason, stay on good terms with Russia, come what may.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And we’ve heard a lot of talk from both Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Trump about the contours of some kind of a deal with Cuba. And Rubio has been saying that the current president of Cuba has to go. What’s your sense of this, this issue of: Are there back-door talks between the two countries?

WILLIAM LEOGRANDE: Well, it seems there certainly has been sort of preliminary conversations between the two countries. Both governments have confirmed that over the last few days. There was at least one face-to-face meeting between Secretary Rubio’s advisers and Cuban representatives on the island of Saint Kitts during the CARICOM meeting.

But what the United States really wants is still very much unclear. Initially, it sounded like what the United States was most interested in was some kind of economic deal, and even Secretary Rubio was sort of underscoring that in his public statements. Then the Cuban government said that pretty much anything was open to discussion except their internal affairs, and particularly the shape of their government or who their political leaders would be. So the Cubans really drew a red line around that issue of political leadership. After that, Secretary Rubio came out and, in a couple of public statements, was pretty clear that he thinks that the Cuban leadership, in fact, has to change.

So, it’s an open question now whether there is enough common ground between the two countries to reach some kind of agreement around economic issues, which, of course, is what President Trump was interested in primarily in Venezuela, or whether or not we’re going to have a deadlock in these negotiations because the United States insists on infringing, in effect, on Cuban sovereignty by telling them who their leaders can be.

AMY GOODMAN: Secretary of State Marco Rubio denied there’s a naval blockade on Cuba.

SECRETARY OF STATE MARCO RUBIO: [There isn’t] a naval blockade surrounding Cuba. The reason why Cuba doesn’t have oil and fuel is because they want it for free, and people don’t give away oil and fuel for free on a regular basis, unless it was the Soviet Union subsidizing them or Maduro subsidizing them. They just don’t do it. They may get a shipment here or there, or now and then someone — but not enough to sustain their country. … Ultimately, the reason why Cuba is a disaster is because their economic system doesn’t work. It’s a nonsensical system. And the people of Cuba are suffering because of the decisions — because of the unwillingness of the people who govern that country to make the changes that need to be made so they can join the 21st century. It is sad that the only place — Cubans can only be successful if they leave the country. That’s a very sad thing. You see Cubans go all over the world and find success, except in Cuba.

AMY GOODMAN: That’s Cuban American U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio. Liz Oliva Fernández, you’re a Cuban journalist in Havana right now. If you can respond to what he’s saying, saying that there is not a naval blockade, and also talk about — while he allows in a Russian oil tanker, for example, when it comes to Mexico, hasn’t Mexico said that they would be threatened with tariffs by Trump if they sent this kind of oil to Cuba?

LIZ OLIVA FERNÁNDEZ: I don’t need to respond to that, because President Trump already did. Like, it’s funny, like, as many times these people are, like, fighting each other. They say — the things that they say don’t have any sense. They said there is not an oil blockade, but then they are threatening people, threatening countries, with tariff if they just, like, try to get oil to Cuba. And then the President Trump say, “Well, we are going to allow this.” And then the secretary of — in the White House, the press conference, they say, “Well, we need to see case by case.” Like, what is the point, if there is not an oil blockade?

And I think, like, the things — it’s not like they talk about this. I think, like, the bother me the most is like when the people phrase it and then they allow it, like this is legal. So, what is — what is the United States doing? Who said that the United States can’t allow how many oil or who is sending oil to Cuba? Who is the United States? Who give you the authorization to say how many oil going into Cuba or not? Like, this is illegal. They can’t do that and say that they allow it. We are, like, legitimize an action that is illegal itself.

And also, for me, it’s complicated to understand. Like, I don’t get it. Like, I know that they are lying, but I don’t get it, how they can just stand and say that this is not affecting the people. How many countries around the world can just survive without oil? Like, oil is a fundamental part of everything.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And, Liz Oliva Fernández, it’s not clearly just oil for — 

LIZ OLIVA FERNÁNDEZ: Like technology.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Liz Oliva, it’s not just about oil, as well, as we know for decades now the United States has been blockading and mounting a solo embargo against Cuba, condemned by virtually every country in the United Nations General Assembly. What’s been the impact of these decades of economic isolation that the United States has sought to put Cuba in on the people of your country?

LIZ OLIVA FERNÁNDEZ: First, I need to say that, no, like, we haven’t — they have maintained a blockade for more than 60 years now. But not all the eras, not all the times on all the periods are the same. There are times like they shrink as much as it can, as has happened since the first Trump administration and this one.

For example, to put you in context, when we are looking at, like, infant mortality in Cuba, in 2018, there was four per 1,000 kids. And now, after all the sanctions that the United States and Trump administration first, then Biden had just maintained the things like it is, and then Trump again, like, the mortality, infant mortality, in Cuba has raised until 10. That’s crazy. That’s how much impact the U.S. sanctions has in Cuba, and not just infant mortality. Let’s talk about expectancy of life. Cuba has one of the expectancy of life that could be compared with other Western Hemisphere — Western countries, sorry.

And then they have been, like, getting in the — the impact of the sanctions are cruel, because it’s not just like they are, like, putting sanctions on. This is like on a war between the United States and Cuba. This is an isolation. They are trying to asphyxiate the Cuban people in order that we want to overthrow our own government.

When they say, “Oh, we don’t want” — we don’t know — we are not sure what they want. They want regime change, not because I say it, because they write it down in the ’60s. They have been wanting regime change since always. And I think, like, this is the first time in my life and experience, like, people are tired in Cuba. We don’t want to go through this anymore. So, people want to something happen.

AMY GOODMAN: Liz Oliva Fernández, I want to thank you for being with us, Cuban journalist with Belly of the Beast, speaking to us from Havana. She’s not just reporting on the sanctions and blockade; she is living it. William LeoGrande, professor at American University, co-author, with Peter Kornbluh, of Back Channel to Cuba: The Hidden History of Negotiations Between Washington and Havana.Email

William LeoGrande is a professor of government at American University.


Viva capitalism, says Fidel's grandson, pouring drinks in Havana

Viva capitalism, says Fidel's grandson, pouring drinks in Havana
He owns a cocktail bar, posts luxury lifestyle videos and just told CNN Cuba needs capitalism. Meet Sandro Castro, Fidel's grandson and the revolution's unlikeliest critic. / sandro_castrox, Instagram

By Cynthia Michelle Aranguren Hernández March 31, 2026

Sandro Castro, grandson of late revolutionary leader Fidel Castro, has publicly slammed Cuba's president and questioned the island's socialist economic model, in a rare display of dissent from within the ruling family as the Trump administration ratchets up pressure on Havana and a de facto US oil embargo pushes the country into its worst energy crisis in living memory.

It is, by any measure, an unlikely platform for revolutionary reckoning: an Instagram account with 152,000 followers, built on dance videos, deadpan comedy and the kind of glamorous content that sits uneasily alongside the revolutionary austerity his family spent decades preaching.

Speaking in an interview with CNN, Castro said President Miguel Díaz-Canel "is not doing a good job", adding that reforms long overdue "have not been done well and today are harming us". He also pointed to daily hardships facing ordinary Cubans, saying that "there might not be electricity, no water… goods don't arrive,” a candid acknowledgement, from within the revolutionary establishment itself, of the depth of a crisis that has seen the national power grid collapse three times in March alone.

Castro went further still on the question of ideology. "Many people in Cuba think in capitalist terms… The majority of Cubans want capitalism, not communism," he said, while describing himself as a "revolutionary" focused on change and calling for an opening of the economic model and a reduction in bureaucracy. The remarks are striking coming from a member of the family that has defined Cuban socialism for more than six decades, and doubly so given the life Castro himself appears to be living.

His public profile sits in jarring contrast to the revolutionary austerity his grandfather made a point of imposing on an entire nation. According to the New York Times, the 33-year-old runs an upscale Havana cocktail bar serving gin and tonics and oven-baked pizzas, luxuries that mock the experience of most Cubans, whose average monthly salary runs to just under 7,000 pesos (around $18 at the informal exchange rate). His Instagram feed features fashionable Nike clothing, latest iPhones, luxury cars and beautiful women. A 2021 video in which he appeared behind the wheel of a Mercedes-Benz, the kind of vehicle long associated with the Miami exile lifestyle his grandfather disparaged, caused sufficient uproar that he felt compelled to clarify publicly: “The car in which I recorded the video belongs to an acquaintance of mine who lent it to me.”

Fidel Castro himself was not immune to such contradictions, being a man who extolled collective sacrifice while, by some accounts, rarely removing the pair of Rolex watches he wore on the same wrist.

The comments land at a particularly delicate moment. Washington has been tightening its grip on Cuba since January, when a US-led military operation removed Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro, severing the island's dominant source of subsidised oil. The Trump administration subsequently threatened tariffs on any country supplying fuel to Cuba, effectively blockading the island, whose electric network relies on ageing oil-fired generators, and driving it to the brink of economic collapse. A Russian tanker carrying 730,000 barrels of crude oil arrived in Cuba this week in what analysts described as a temporary reprieve, enough to buy the government a matter of weeks before its fuel reserves run critically low again.

"Cuba is going to be next," President Donald Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One on March 29, in the latest threat suggesting the communist-run island would become Washington's next target once its military campaign against Iran had concluded.

Castro has not been immune to the political theatre of the moment. When Havana publicly confirmed it was engaged in negotiations with the White House, Castro marked the occasion by posting a comedy sketch featuring a distinctly tangerine-hued US president arriving at his door to propose buying the island.

Against that backdrop, backchannel talks between Washington and Havana are under way, with Secretary of State Marco Rubio, a son of Cuban immigrants who has long called for regime change, understood to be directing the US approach. Raúl Guillermo Rodríguez Castro, another Castro grandson, has been identified as a key interlocutor on the Cuban side, a role that highlights the starkly differing positions now visible within the broader family network: one cousin negotiating a potential transition behind closed doors, the other performing ironic skits about it on social media.

While Díaz-Canel has formally led the government since 2018, power is widely seen as concentrated among senior figures linked to Raúl Castro. Sandro Castro's broadside against the president may reflect those internal hierarchies as much as genuine reformist conviction.

Cuba's political establishment is not, it turns out, as monolithic as it once appeared. The cracks in the regime are still narrow, but they are visible now. Whether Castro's provocations, lavish and political alike, amount to meaningful dissent or merely elite repositioning ahead of a transition that Washington is actively trying to engineer remains an open question. On that, Sandro Castro, characteristically, is saying nothing.