AMS Science Preview: Volcanic rain, dust storms, and unstable Antarctic air
Early online research from journals of the American Meteorological Society
The American Meteorological Society continuously publishes research on climate, weather, and water in its 12 journals. Many of these articles are available for early online access–they are peer-reviewed, but not yet in their final published form. Below are some recent examples of online and early-online research.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Enhanced Precipitation Induced by a Volcanic Eruption Acting as an Obstacle to Atmospheric Flow
Earth Interactions
An unusual volcanic rain trigger. A 2024 eruption at Iceland’s Sundhnúksgígar volcano caused an unpredicted rainstorm, but researchers weren’t sure how. Rather than the normal mechanisms for volcanic rain, the authors determine the storm was caused by the volcanic eruption blocking air flow, forcing air to rise and condense. “It appears that the eruption acted as an obstacle that wind had to leap over, and this sudden ascending motion quickly produced significant precipitation downwind,” say the authors.
A Long-Term Shift in Flow Regimes over the Antarctic Peninsula
Journal of Climate
The Antarctic surface atmosphere has become less stable. Models and observation data show that the surface atmosphere over the Antarctic Peninsula has become less stable and more prone to gravity waves since the 1950s, this paper suggests. The authors provide evidence that surface warming has caused a shift in atmospheric flow patterns, with potentially profound ramifications for global climate, including the polar vortex, ozone chemistry, and mid-latitude weather.
On the Response of Sea Surface Temperature to Dust Storms in the Arabian Gulf
Journal of Physical Oceanography
Dust storms cool the Arabian Gulf. Models combined with observations from bio-logging devices attached to seabirds have found that dust storms over the Arabian Gulf can significantly reduce its average surface temperature (by up to 0.9°C) over the course of about 13 days. This may periodically affect the Gulf’s unique, evaporation-driven “inverse estuary” water circulation.
High-Impact and Low-Likelihood Compound Hot and Dry Extremes in India
Journal of Climate
High-impact, previously rare compound hot-dry extremes are likely to increase in India, especially during the summer monsoon. Unusually hot and dry seasons, such as the droughts that occurred in 1987 and 2015, cause major agricultural impacts in India. A large-ensemble modeling study suggests their frequency, duration, spatial extent, and intensity are likely to increase due to climate warming.
Climate Change Media Framing in Small Island States: A Comparative Analysis of Development Status Effects in Barbados and Singapore (2010–2024)
Weather, Climate, and Society
Island nations’ climate change coverage differs, yet stays positive. This study compared climate change coverage in prominent newspapers of the island nations Singapore and Barbados from 2010 to 2024. The national paper of Barbados, a country more vulnerable to the immediate effects of climate change, focused on physical events like floods as well as adaptation strategies. Coverage in Singapore’s Straits Times, on the other hand, focused more on environmental effects and mitigation efforts like clean power. Coverage of climate policy has declined in both papers, yet both maintain a solutions-oriented focus on measures such as international agreements and institutional innovations.
Global Seasonal Forecasting System 6 (GloSea6): A Large Ensemble Seasonal Forecasting System
Monthly Weather Review
UK Met Office’s upgraded model produces a more powerful seasonal forecast. The newer version of the UK Met Office’s Global Seasonal forecasting system, GloSea6, runs 105 simulations instead of the typical 20-50, which breaks new ground in operational seasonal forecasting. The large ensemble enables better seasonal predictions, particularly at mid latitudes.
Striving for Rural Heat Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review
Weather, Climate, and Society
Rural heat risk remains under-addressed. A literature review on extreme heat in rural communities in the United States, Canada, and Australia finds that outdoor workers (e.g., farmers) face particularly high risks due to prolonged exposure to heat; the elderly, Indigenous people, and visitors in rural regions are also vulnerable. Risks increase when there are governance gaps, such as inadequate or missing regulations to protect workers. Rural heat governance remains under-developed, highly fragmented, and inconsistent across regions, which leaves vulnerable populations more exposed.
Cultural Expressions of Climate: Art as a Tool for Change
Weather, Climate, and Society
Art inspires climate engagement … for a time. The Small Island Big Song project combines music, film, and live performances from artists impacted by climate change. This research finds that while the performance effectively increased participants' awareness, intention to act, connection with nature, and sense of responsibility regarding climate change, these effects diminished over time. Sustained engagement may be necessary to maintain long-term action.
You can view all research published in AMS Journals at journals.ametsoc.org.
About the American Meteorological Society
The American Meteorological Society advances the atmospheric and related sciences, technologies, applications, and services for the benefit of society. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of around 12,000 professionals, students, and weather enthusiasts. AMS publishes 12 atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic science journals; hosts more than 12 conferences annually; and offers numerous programs and services. Visit us at www.ametsoc.org/.
About AMS Journals
The American Meteorological Society continuously publishes research on climate, weather, and water in its 12 journals. Some AMS journals are open access. Media login credentials are available for subscription journals. Journals include the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Weather, Climate, and Society, the Journal of Climate, and Monthly Weather Review.
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