Thursday, June 11, 2026

SpaceX’s historic IPO by the numbers

AFP
June 10, 2026 

SpaceX’s Starship 39 rocket launches from Starbase during the 12th test flight as seen from South Padre Island, Texas, on May 22, 2026 – Copyright AFP/File RONALDO SCHEMIDT

The stock market debut of SpaceX (Elon Musk’s rocket, satellite and company) expected Friday, could be the biggest in history. Here are the key numbers.

$75 billion

The amount SpaceX hopes to raise by selling new shares to investors. That target would be triple the all-time record, set by Saudi oil giant Saudi Aramco in 2019 ($25.6 billion).

$1.765 trillion

SpaceX’s estimated worth, or “valuation” — what the market thinks the entire company is worth if you added up all its shares.

That figure includes xAI, Musk’s AI startup and the X social network (formerly Twitter), which SpaceX absorbed in February.

It would make SpaceX the eighth most valuable company on Earth, right behind the biggest names in tech.

$18.6 billion

How much money SpaceX brought in during 2025 — its total sales before expenses. That was up a third from the year before, and most of it (61%) came from Starlink, the satellite service that beams internet to homes from orbit.

$4.9 billion

The amount SpaceX lost in 2025. Even with all that revenue, it spent far more than it earned, mostly because building AI is extremely expensive — nearly $10 billion last year alone.

A loss doesn’t mean the company is failing; it often means it is investing heavily in future growth.

$791 billion

Elon Musk’s personal fortune, according to Forbes. If the IPO goes well and SpaceX’s share price climbs, Musk could become the world’s first trillionaire — the first person in history to be worth more than $1,000,000,000,000.

82 percent

The share of SpaceX voting rights Musk will hold after the IPO. Even though new shareholders will own a slice of the company, Musk will keep almost all the decision-making power — a common setup in tech, where founders often hold special “super-voting” shares.

$28.5 trillion

SpaceX’s own estimate of the total value of all the markets it operates in — rockets, satellites, internet, AI, and more. To put that in perspective, the entire US economy produced about $30.36 trillion worth of goods and services in 2025.


All in on Musk, SpaceX’s self-declared ‘dream weaver’

Elon Musk will control more than 82 percent of SpaceX voting shares and there is no designated successor 


AFP
June 10, 2026 

– Copyright US Central Command (CENTCOM)/AFP/File –


When SpaceX lists on Wall Street, expected on Friday, Elon Musk will serve simultaneously as chief executive, chief technology officer and board chairman of the rocket and AI company.

He will control more than 82 percent of its voting shares. There is no designated successor, no deputy and no key-person life insurance written into its filings.

The world’s most valuable IPO depends entirely on one man.

“He’s completely upending the conventional conduct of running a publicly traded corporation by declaring himself an irreplaceable dream weaver and master engineer of the whole undertaking,” Quinn Slobodian, co-author with Ben Tarnoff of “Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed,” told AFP in an interview.

For Slobodian, a professor of international history at Boston University who has spent years studying Musk’s empire, that brazen concentration of personal power is not a flaw in the SpaceX offering — it is its defining feature.

SpaceX is targeting a valuation of approximately $1.8 trillion and aims to raise $75 billion when trading opens Friday under the ticker SPCX, in what will be the largest public offering in history.



– Jobs and Gates –



To understand how Musk positioned himself as literally irreplaceable, Slobodian pointed to the “prophetic founder” model exemplified by Steve Jobs and Bill Gates.

“Jobs and Gates are kind of the template,” Slobodian said, adding that Musk’s decision to give Walter Isaacson — the biographer who immortalized Jobs — access for his own biography was itself a tell.

What gave Musk’s version of that archetype genuine credibility, Slobodian argued, was a willingness to go against the grain of early 21st-century investment orthodoxy.

At a time when “design in California, assemble in China” was the way — with the iPhone as the example — Musk poured his early fortune from PayPal into a rocket company and an electric vehicle manufacturer, both requiring him to solve brutally hard engineering problems.

His distance from his tech-billionaire peers is now measurable in purely financial terms.

Musk’s fortune, expected to hit $1 trillion with the IPO, is approaching three times the size of that of the second richest person on the planet, currently Google co-founder Larry Page.

“He’s operating at a different scale, and with a scope of ambition that just makes him singular,” Slobodian said.



– Too big to fail –



Musk is often framed as a libertarian entrepreneur who built his empire outside the reach of government.

Slobodian argues that Musk has always depended on government as primary client or subsidy giver, from his earliest startup Zip2’s reliance on publicly funded GPS data to the billions SpaceX draws in federal contracts today.

He pointed in particular to what he described as SpaceX’s Golden Dome contracts, worth $4 billion, to supply satellite infrastructure for the Trump administration’s proposed national missile defense shield.

In his view, SpaceX is structurally too critical to national security interests for any administration to let it fail.

“If Trump gave a second thought to bailing out Spirit Airlines,” Slobodian said of the bankrupt low-cost carrier, “what about SpaceX?”



– After Henry Ford –



Slobodian situated Musk’s alignment with far-right movements in the United States and sovereigntist parties in Europe as serving commercial ends, not merely personal ones.

He argued that Musk sees compliant political partners both abroad and at home as essential to obtaining the regulatory approvals SpaceX needs: spectrum allocations, satellite launch rights and permission to operate Starlink in key markets.

That worldview, Slobodian and Tarnoff contend in their book, has roots in Musk’s upbringing in the suburbs of Pretoria under apartheid-era South Africa — a regime they argue deployed IBM mainframes and advanced technology to control the population through data collection and surveillance.

As for whether the Musk model outlasts the dream weaver himself, Slobodian pointed to Palantir — which, like SpaceX, first broke into government work by suing the US military for contracts — as one potential carrier of the torch.

But a true successor, he suggested, may be hard to find, “just as there was no Henry Ford after Henry Ford,” only imitations.


A glossary to help understand what happens in an initial public offering



Published:


A board above the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange with stock symbols is shown in this image, Tuesday, July 1, 2025. (AP Photo/Richard Drew)

Anyone following SpaceX’s plans to sell shares to the public is likely to hear terms thrown around that describe steps and components of an initial public offering. Here’s a quick guide.

Initial public offering, or IPO

A company’s first offering of stock to the public. It is the first time a company’s value will be determined by a public market.

Prospectus

A formal offer to sell shares in the company. It also includes a business plan with details about the company’s finances and operations. Also known as an S-1, after the Securities and Exchange Commission form.

Listing

This describes the ticker symbol for the stock and the public exchange where it is being traded. For example, Apple is traded as “AAPL” on the Nasdaq and Macy’s is traded as “M” on the New York Stock Exchange. SpaceX plans to list on the Nasdaq under the symbol “SPCX.”

Underwriter

An underwriter is a bank or other financial institution that acts as the intermediary between the company and investors. They purchase the stock being issued by the company in the IPO and sell it to the public. There are often several underwriters involved to share the risk. The lead underwriters for the SpaceX IPO are Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Morgan Stanley.

Roadshow

The name for the presentations given by company executives and underwriters to potential investors, typically institutional investors, before the company issues its shares.

Lockup

This is the period of time when executives, insiders and early investors are legally prohibited from selling their shares. It is typically 90 or 180 days and is meant to prevent insiders from quickly cashing out or dumping their shares. Elon Musk and other SpaceX executives have agreed to a lockup period of 366 days.

Over-allotment

This is a provision that allows underwriters of an IPO to sell more shares than initially planned. It is meant to meet unexpectedly high demand or to help stabilize the stock price.

Price range

This is an estimated range for the price of the shares the company is offering provided before the stock is publicly traded. Investors place bids within that range before the listing price is determined. SpaceX went against convention and set a price of $135 for shares in the offering.

Price discovery

This describes the broader process undertaken by the company and underwriters to determine the listing price for the stock. It attempts to balance demand for the stock with the potential supply of shares. The process typically takes longer when an IPO has high interest from potential investors.

Associated Press, The Associated Press



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