Wednesday, April 27, 2022

Disposable masks could be used to improve concrete

Peer-Reviewed Publication

WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY

Disposable Masks 

IMAGE: THE WSU RESEARCHERS DEVELOPED A PROCESS TO FABRICATE TINY MASK FIBERS, RANGING FROM FIVE TO 30 MILLIMETERS IN LENGTH, AND THEN ADDED THEM TO CEMENT CONCRETE TO STRENGTHEN IT AND TO PREVENT ITS CRACKING. view more 

CREDIT: WSU

PULLMAN, Wash. –  With the pervasive single-use masks during the pandemic now presenting an environmental problem, researchers have demonstrated the idea of incorporating old masks into a cement mixture to create stronger, more durable concrete. 

In a paper published in the journal, Materials Letters, a Washington State University research team showed that the mixture using mask materials was 47% stronger than commonly used cement after a month of curing. 

 “These waste masks actually could be a valuable commodity if you process them properly,” said Xianming Shi, professor and interim chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the corresponding author on the paper. “I’m always looking out for waste streams, and my first reaction is ‘how do I turn that into something usable in concrete or asphalt?’”

Production of cement is a carbon-intensive process, responsible for as much as 8% of carbon emissions worldwide. Microfibers are already sometimes added to cement concrete to strengthen it, but they’re expensive. The microfiber-reinforced concrete can potentially reduce the amount of cement needed for a project or make the concrete last longer, saving carbon emissions as well as money for builders and owners.

Made of a polypropylene or polyester fabric where it contacts the skin and an ultra-fine polypropylene fiber for the filtering layers, medical masks have fibers that can be useful for the concrete industry. If they are not reused, disposable masks can remain in the environment for decades and pose a risk for the ecosystem. 

“This work showcases one technology to divert the used masks from the waste stream to a high-value application,” Shi said. 

In their proof-of-concept work, the researchers developed a process to fabricate tiny mask fibers, ranging from five to 30 millimeters in length, and then added them to cement concrete to strengthen it and to prevent its cracking. For their testing, they removed the metal and cotton loops from the masks, cut them up and incorporated them into ordinary Portland cement, the most common type of cement used around the world and the basic ingredient for concrete, mortar and grout.  

They mixed the mask microfibers into a solution of graphene oxide before adding the mixture to cement paste. The graphene oxide provides ultrathin layers that strongly adhere to the fiber surfaces. Such mask microfibers absorb or dissipate the fracture energy that would contribute to tiny cracks in the concrete. Without the fibers, these microscopic cracks would eventually lead to wider cracks and the material’s failure. 

The researchers are conducting more studies to test their idea that the graphene oxide-treated microfibers could also improve the durability of the concrete and protect it from frost damage and from deicing chemicals that are used on roadways. They also envision applying this technology to the recycling of other polymer materials, such as discarded clothing, to incentivize the collection of such waste.

Zhipeng Li, a graduate student in WSU’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, led the work, which was funded through the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Center for Transportation Infrastructure Durability and Life Extension.

JOURNAL

Materials Letters

DOI

10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132238 

METHOD OF RESEARCH

Experimental study

SUBJECT OF RESEARCH

Not applicable

ARTICLE TITLE

Upcycling waste mask PP microfibers in portland cement paste: Surface treatment by graphene oxide

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Remote Ireland community survived a millennium of environmental change

Study finds social conditions key to long-term resilience during times of dramatic change

Peer-Reviewed Publication

PLOS

Fofanny Reservoir. 

IMAGE: THE PEAT-COVERED UPLANDS OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND ARE TODAY USED MAINLY FOR COMMERCIAL FORESTRY, SHEEP-GRAZING AND OUTDOOR RECREATION, BUT WERE FORMERLY WOODED AND FARMED. view more 

CREDIT: HELEN ESSELL, CC-BY 4.0 (HTTPS://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY/4.0/)

A remote community in Ireland was adaptable enough to persist through a millennium of environmental change, according to a study published April 27, 2022 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Gill Plunkett and Graeme Swindles of Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.

There are numerous examples of past societies severely impacted by environmental changes, including climate change, natural disasters, and other dramatic ecological shifts contributing to food crises, epidemics, and other calamities. However, it’s more difficult to determine long-term effects of environmental disturbances. In this study, the authors examine environmental and community changes over a thousand years of occupation in the Antrim Plateau in the north of Ireland.

This study analyzed a peat core recording environmental changes over the last millennium at a site called Slieveanorra. The authors inferred environmental and human occupation changes with data from microbes, natural plants, and crop plants, and they established fine-scale dating with ash layers, organic remains, and historical accounts. Their record provided no evidence of long-term disruption to human occupation related to environmental changes.

These results reflect a community that was able to either escape the effects of environmental change, or to rebound quickly. This surprising resilience from a relatively remote occupation was likely the result of social factors – such as agricultural and trade practices – which made the community flexible and adaptable. In the face of environmental change, the authors suggest, not all human communities respond the same way, and this variation is largely linked to social conditions of each respective population. Understanding this complexity is key to understanding what conditions make communities vulnerable to cultural collapse in the face of environmental change.

The authors add: “Ireland’s uplands today seem barren, but they were occupied and farmed for centuries, despite climate change, famines and plague.”

#####

In your coverage please use this URL to provide access to the freely available article in PLOS ONE: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0266680

Citation: Plunkett G, Swindles GT (2022) Bucking the trend: Population resilience in a marginal environment. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0266680. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266680

Author Countries: U.K., Canada

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

JOURNAL

PLoS ONE

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0266680 

METHOD OF RESEARCH

Observational study

SUBJECT OF RESEARCH

People

ARTICLE TITLE

Bucking the trend: Population resilience in a marginal environment

ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE

27-Apr-2022

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Indonesia stuns markets as it widens palm oil export ban; Jokowi says domestic needs ‘more important’

The ban now includes crude and refined palm oil and other products, instead of only refined, bleached and deodorised palm oil

President Joko Widodo says the Indonesian people’s need for affordable food trumps revenue concerns


Reuters
 27 Apr, 2022

Workers load palm oil fresh fruit bunches to be transported from factories in Pekanbaru, Riau province, Indonesia. Photo: Reuters

Indonesia widened the scope of its export ban on raw materials for cooking oil to include crude and refined palm oil, among other products, its chief economic minister said on Wednesday, leaving markets in shock over the latest policy reversal.

The announcement flipped the minister’s statement a day earlier, in which he had said the export ban would cover only refined, bleached, and deodorised palm olein.

The change was “in line with the president’s decision and after taking into account the feedback and views from the people,” Airlangga Hartarto said in a short statement.

President Joko Widodo said in a separate statement that people’s need for affordable food trumped revenue concerns for now.

“Once domestic needs have been met, of course I will lift the export ban because I know the country needs taxes … foreign exchange … a trade balance surplus, but meeting the people’s basic needs is a more important priority,” he said.



Jokowi, as the president is popularly known, said Indonesia has enough capacity to meet domestic demand and it was “ironic” that the country is facing cooking oil shortages.

Palm oil markets have been jittery ahead of the ban and Indonesia deployed navy ships and personnel in an effort to thwart illegal shipments.

The new rules were due to take effect at midnight local time, and the navy and other agencies had been instructed to step up patrols of Indonesian waters to ensure compliance, said navy spokesperson Julius Widjojono.

Palm oil futures on the Malaysia exchange surged by 9.8 per cent on Wednesday, as some market participants feared exporters in Indonesia, the world’s biggest palm oil producer, could not get their products on board vessels in time before the ban starts.

US soy oil futures jumped more than 4 per cent to a record high after Indonesia extended ban to include CPO.


A worker loads fresh palm fruit bunches to be transported from the collector site to factories. Photo: Reuters

It was unclear if palm oil companies had been informed of the latest policy change.

Industry sources and traders, who requested anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue, said they were shocked by the latest development.

“It’s a drastic measure to rein in the prices and we hope it has the intended effect within a short period, and avoid hurting the industry,” a palm industry source said.

“This is crazy. We are paying a price for Indonesia policy flip-flops. Every vegetable oil is going through the roof. Securing supplies of any vegetable oil for May shipments is a challenge,” said a New-Delhi based dealer with a global trading firm.



Eddy Martono, secretary general of the Indonesia Palm Oil Association (GAPKI), earlier on Wednesday said the industry was trying to “operate as usual while continuing to monitor market movements”.

Eddy said that with such short notice on the ban, first announced by President Joko Widodo on Friday evening, there was no way exporters could rush their products out.

“Its impossible to get a vessel instantly, everything would’ve been chartered,” he said.

Indonesia’s restrictions have driven up global edible oil prices as supplies were already choked by factors like drought and shortages after Russia’s invasion of major crop producer Ukraine.

A worker loads palm oil fresh fruit bunches to be transported from the collector site to CPO factories in Pekanbaru, Riau province in Indonesia on Wednesday. 
Photo: Reuters

Indonesia’s ban on palm oil exports is unlikely to last more than a month due to limited infrastructure to store the surplus oil and because of mounting pressure from buyers to resume shipments, industry officials said.

The ban would remain in place until prices of bulk cooking oil dropped to 14,000 rupiah (US$0.9720) per litre, Airlangga said.

In Jakarta, bulk cooking oil prices were offered at around 19,000 to 20,000 rupiah on Wednesday and in other regions prices could be higher, Reynaldi Sarijowan, a senior official at the traditional market traders’ association, said.

In Riau province on Sumatra island, small farmers already saw a drastic drop in price of palm oil fruits due to the export ban, local planters said, and they fear that palm oil companies will stop buying from independent farmers.


Ukraine war benefits Malaysian palm oil, but foreign worker shortage curbs production output

Amid labour shortage and high demand, Malaysia will hire 180,000 workers to harvest palm oil as alternatives to cooking oils no longer available from Ukraine

One analyst believes the Ukraine-Russia war – now in its second month – could last 15 years which could mean an extended boost for Malaysian palm oil exports

Amy Chew in Kuala Lumpur
 14 Apr, 2022


Harvested oil palm fruits are loaded into a trailer at a plantation in Kapar, Selangor, Malaysia. Exports of palm oil have increased as supplies of other cooking oils have been affected by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Photo: Bloomberg


Malaysian palm oil exports could see a prolonged lift as the Russia-Ukraine war drags on indefinitely, observers say, as the likes of India and the European Union secure alternatives to sunflower and rapeseed oil no longer available from Ukraine.


A prominent geopolitical risk forecaster suggested the conflict – now in its second month – could drag on for 15 years, likening it to the civil strife in Syria.


Data released this week by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board showed exports of the commodity from the Southeast Asian country to the European Union surged 48.3 per cent in March compared with February.


“One notable bright spot was the strong exports to the EU, with palm oil demand rising to fill in the shortage of sunflower and rapeseed oils from Russia and Ukraine,” said Public Investment Bank (PIVB) in a report released on Wednesday.

A worker uses a motorised harvesting sickle to cut a palm oil fruit bunch from a tree at a plantation in Kapar, Selangor, Malaysia. Photo: Bloomberg

In India, the Solvent Extractors’ Association of India (SEA) said Indian palm oil exports jumped 18.7 per cent. Malaysian palm oil exports to India rose 20.8 per cent in March 2022. Experts said the shift towards palm oil by India, the world’s largest importer of edible oils, was very likely to help Malaysian exports too.

Chong Hoe Leong, a commodities analyst with PIVB, said EU members the Netherlands, Spain and Italy were expected to buy more palm oil as they were “normally the big palm oil countries”.

Brokerage firm UOB Kay Hian said in a note that alongside the EU, countries in Central Asia and the Middle East had also increased palm oil imports.

Some countries with high sunflower oil usage increased their palm oil imports by 100 per cent in March, due to supply shortages from the Black Sea tensions, the note added.

Malaysia, the second largest palm oil producer after Indonesia, has in the past locked horns with the EU for its imposition of anti-palm oil measures – including classifying the commodity as having a high risk of displacing food crops.

Last year the government filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization, charging that the EU’s actions contravened the global body’s rules of engagement.

Likewise with India, a diplomatic rift between New Delhi and the then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in 2020 saw the South Asian power temporarily suspend imports of refined palm oil. Indian buyers resumed buying Malaysian palm oil last year.


Labour shortage

Despite the buoyancy in demand, expectations are that Malaysia will not be able to immediately increase its palm oil production owing to a severe shortage in manpower.

About 80 per cent of Malaysia’s plantation workers are migrants, with most coming from neighbouring Indonesia.

The broad closure of borders during the Covid-19 pandemic seriously impacted the flow of these workers.

Plantations typically harvest palm oil fruit once every 10-14 days. But with the labour shortage, many small plantations are only harvesting the fruit once a month.


Workers plant oil palm seeds at an oil palm plantation in Slim River, Malaysia. The country is expected to hire 180,000 foreign workers to alleviate a labour shortage. Photo: Reuters

The country is expected to hire nearly 180,000 workers over the next six weeks, according to Human Resources Minister M. Saravanan. A special committee will meet daily from April 15 to speed up the approval process, state news agency Bernama reported on Wednesday, citing Plantation Industries and Commodities Minister Zuraida Kamaruddin.

Chong, the commodities analyst, said the industry had a shortage of 75,000 harvesters.

In 2021, Malaysia produced 18.1 million metric tonnes of crude palm oil down from 19.1 million in 2020.

“The labour shortage impacts on 10-15 per cent of palm oil production. I am looking at 19.5 metric tonnes production for 2022,” said PIVB’s Chong.


Workers load harvested palm oil fruit bunches onto a truck at a plantation in Kapar, Selangor, Malaysia. Photo: Bloomberg

Big plantation companies managed to harvest more than once a month by appointing contract workers during peak production periods, and redeploying high performance harvesters to high yield plantations, said Chong.

The owner of a small palm oil plantation told This Week In Asia his farms have a manpower shortage and only harvested the fruit “once a month most of the time” the past two years.

On Monday, crude palm oil traded at RM6,526 (US$1,543) per metric tonne.

Analysts expect the price to stabilise later in the year.

“I am looking at a price level of RM4,300 per tonne for 2022. Current price is toppish, in my view,” said Chong. UOB Kay Hian forecast 2022 crude palm oil price at RM4,200 per metric tonne.


The prospects for Malaysian palm oil could also be determined by how much edible oil EU nations buy from Russia, whose global pariah status has been increasing since it invaded Ukraine.

EU representatives in Malaysia said there were currently no private sector restrictions on purchasing commodities from Russia.

“In general, EU countries are characterised by liberal economies with little state intervention in the markets and where prices are based on the free interplay of supply and demand,” said a spokesman of the Delegation of the EU to Malaysia.

As for the concerns of the environmentalist lobby in the EU about the negative effects of palm oil, this was also unlikely to be a short term issue for Malaysia, going by the comments of experts and the EU representative.



James Fry, a commodities expert and chairman of the agribusiness consultancy LMC International, said for now the EU and British governments had given sellers of foodstuffs leeway in how they label oils in their products, without necessarily identifying palm oil as an ingredient.

The EU spokesman said the bloc’s legislation currently does not require nor regulate any description indicating that a certain ingredient is absent from certain products, such as, “no palm oil”.

Individual manufacturers can however, voluntarily indicate that a certain ingredient was not used, the spokesman said.

In the longer term, all eyes will be on how long the Ukraine war will last.

“Obviously this is an estimate but conflicts in Syria or civil wars have lasted 10 to 15 years. There is no reason why Ukraine would be any different, unfortunately,” Olivier Guitta, London-based managing director of GlobalStrat, an international security and geopolitical risk consultancy firm, told This Week In Asia.

“Even in the now unlikely case that Russia can take over the whole country, the resistance from the Ukrainians in the cities would turn the conflict into urban warfare à la Syria,” Guitta added.

Guitta believes a prolonged battle in Ukraine is inevitable, despite the growing sanctions affecting Russia’s economy, because President Vladimir Putin won’t be satisfied until he achieves his ultimate goal – to “restore the great Russia.”


Additional reporting by Reuters, Bloomberg




Amy Chew is an independent journalist based in Kuala Lumpur. She covers Southeast Asia and parts of the Middle East. She was previously based in Indonesia, Hong Kong and Singapore. A former correspondent for Channel News Asia and Reuters, she has also worked in investment banking where she was an analyst for Daiwa Capital Markets Singapore.





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US Marine Trevor Reed released from Russia in surprise prisoner swap

The exchange for Russian pilot Konstantin Yaroshenko took place with Washington-Moscow ties at their lowest point in decades over the Ukraine war

Biden and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken say they are working to free another American citizen held in Russia, Paul Whelan, also a former Marine

Russian prisoner Trevor Reed’s parents Joey and Paula Reed pose for a photo with his portrait at their home in Fort Worth, Texas, in February. Photo: AP

The United States and Russia swapped prisoners on Wednesday amid their most tense relations in decades over the war in Ukraine, with former US Marine Trevor Reed released in exchange for Russian pilot Konstantin Yaroshenko.

The swap, announced by both countries, was the result of months of work and did not involve negotiations on any other of the sensitive topics involving the United States and Russia, US officials said.

Russian-American ties have been at their worst since the Cold War era following Russia’s February 24 invasion of Ukraine and subsequent Western sanctions imposed on Moscow.

Reed, from Texas, was on his way to be reunited with his family in the United States, senior Biden administration officials said, with one saying the 30-year-old was in “good spirits”.


Former US Marine Trevor Reed, who was detained in 2019 and accused of assaulting police officers, is escorted before a court hearing in Moscow, Russia in March 2020. Photo: Reuters

“Today, we welcome home Trevor Reed and celebrate his return to the family that missed him dearly,” President Joe Biden said in a statement, noting their concerns about their son’s health.

Reed was convicted in Russia in 2019 of endangering the lives of two police officers while drunk on a visit to Moscow. The United States has called his trial a “theatre of the absurd”.

Russia had proposed a prisoner swap for Yaroshenko in July 2019 in exchange for the release of any American. Yaroshenko is a pilot convicted of conspiracy to smuggle cocaine into the country. He was arrested by US special forces in Liberia in 2010.

Biden and Secretary of State Antony Blinken said they were working to free another US citizen held in Russia, Paul Whelan, also a former Marine.


Biden said he had shared the news with Reed’s parents, Joey and Paula Reed, who have been pressing his administration to help their son. The Reeds thanked Biden and others, saying “our family has been living a nightmare” for the past 985 days.

“The president’s action may have saved Trevor’s life,” they said in a statement.

Biden met Reed’s parents at the White House on March 30. In a statement the following week, the parents said a prisoner swap seemed to be the only way to bring Reed home and urged the White House to take all possible steps to do so.



The talks that led to Reed’s release strictly focused on securing his freedom and were not the start of a wider diplomatic conversation, senior Biden administration officials said in a call with reporters.


Former US Marine Paul Whelan stands inside a defendants’ cage in Moscow in October 2019. Photo: AFP

“We’re strictly limited to these topics, the detainee topics. They were not part of broader diplomatic discussions. They were not the beginnings of discussions on other issues,” one of the officials said.

State Department spokesman Ned Price said later on CNN that diplomatic talks with Russia were “at a dead end” despite the releases.

The Reeds said their son would tell his own story as soon as he was ready.

“We’d respectfully ask for some privacy while we address the myriad of health issues brought on by the squalid conditions he was subjected to in his Russian gulag,” they said.


Price said Reed’s condition required “urgent treatment.”

Biden did not comment on details of the swap, except to say “The negotiations that allowed us to bring Trevor home required difficult decisions that I do not take lightly.”

Biden said his administration has put a priority on bringing home Americans wrongfully detained abroad and will continue to work on the release of Whelan and others.

Whelan has been held on spying charges that he denies and that he has likened to a political kidnapping.

US basketball player Brittney Griner faces up to 10 years in prison in Russia over drug charges. Photo: AP

US basketball star Brittney Griner, a two-time Olympic gold medallist, has been held nearly two months in Russia and faces up to 10 years in prison. Griner was detained at a Moscow airport on February 17 when a search of her luggage allegedly revealed multiple cannabis oil vape cartridges.

Russian news agencies reported on April 4 that Reed had ended a hunger strike and was being treated in his prison’s medical centre. The prison service said Reed had gone on hunger strike on March 28 to protest disciplinary action against him.

Reed’s parents said at the time he had been exposed to an inmate with active tuberculosis in December, but their son had not been tested for the illness despite a rapid deterioration in his health.

The prison service said at the time he had repeatedly tested negative for tuberculosis and had not come into contact with anyone infected.
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APPARENTLY HE IS NOT THAT WELL
Canadian wellness coach who did naked haka faces Bali deportation
WAS IT THE NAKEDNESS OR THE CULTURAL APPROPRIATION OF THE HAKA
26 Apr, 2022 

Jeff Craigen. Photo / Instagram

NZ Herald

A Canadian wellness coach is facing deportation from Bali after performing a haka naked on a sacred mountain.

Jeff Craigen posted a video of himself on social media naked atop Mount Batur, performing the haka. Mount Batur is considered sacred by many Balinese, after a volcanic eruption in 1926 wiped out an entire village – but left the mountain's shrine intact.

"When you strip naked without shame and the fear of being seen, you become a fearless child of God," Craigen said in his video.

The video received a swift backlash from Balinese people, and drew the attention of the authorities.

He is reportedly now awaiting deportation, and posted a tearful 18-minute apology video in which Craigen said he didn't know what he had or hadn't done, and blamed his behaviour on not having been "seen" as a child.

"When I was on the mountain, I was just dead inside ... I don't know how to face this feeling and I still don't ... And I was hoping someone would see me, because I don't know how to see myself because I've never seen myself, I just see others," he said through tears.

"So, I'm very sorry 'cause I'm hurt inside and it's all just expressing myself because I'm so unseen."

Comments on his social media are condemning his actions, and telling him to leave Bali after being so disrespectful – but it may not be so simple for him to get out.

According to media reports, Craigen is unvaccinated, so finding an airline to take him out of Bali is challenging.

"Airlines have not agreed [to transport him]," Tedy Riyand, the head of the Denpasar immigration office reportedly told AFP on Tuesday.
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‘Perfect Storm’ of crises take shape


on April 27, 2022
By Newsroom



Against the backdrop of shifting population demographics, conflicts, post-pandemic shocks and climate change, the developing world is on the brink of a “perfect storm” of debt, food and energy crises, experts warned the Commission on Population and Development on Monday.

While sounding the alarm over the planet’s unequal COVID-19 recovery and notable reductions in public spending for youth, older people and other vulnerable populations, officials from across the UN system stressed that this multipronged crisis has a “decidedly female face.”

Opening its fifty-fifth session under the theme “Population and sustainable development, in particular sustained and inclusive economic growth,” marks success for a body that has historically been plagued by gridlock and disagreement.

Population, poverty, economic growth

Commission Chair Enrique A. Manalo said that efforts to slow population growth, decrease poverty, realize economic progress, protect the environment and reduce unsustainable consumption and production are all mutually reinforcing.

With poverty and inequality gaining renewed attention amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the insights outlined in the Programme of Action agreed upon at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt are as relevant today as ever.

Although the world’s challenges are not caused by population growth, they are compounded by it, making it more difficult to tackle, he said.

Rising inequality

Rebecca Grynspan, head of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), warned that a systemic debt crisis is unfolding for billions in the developing world – with inflation at a multi-decade high and civil unrest brewing in all corners of the world.

Meanwhile, progress towards realizing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been severely hampered as inequalities are rising.

She drew attention to the world’s large generation of young people, as well as women, voicing hope that their innovative ideas will help reverse these negative trends.

‘Gathering storm of adversity’

Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed agreed that the pandemic lent a fresh urgency to the challenges being discussed by the Commission. COVID-19 kept boys and girls out of school, increased the burden of care work — especially for women — and exacerbated gender-based violence.

At the same time, the world remains far off track on the goal of eliminating hunger and malnutrition by 2030, and the numbers of people affected by hunger are projected to increase by tens of millions as the war in Ukraine causes food and energy prices to skyrocket.

“In the face of this gathering storm of adversity, we must come together as an international community,” she said, adding, “we urgently need to renew the social contract to rebuild trust and social cohesion.”

High stakes for women, girls

Meanwhile, UN Population Fund (UNFPA) chief Natalia Kanem said that COVID-19 has made painfully clear the need for massive investments in family planning services and national health systems that are universal, resilient, data-driven and adequately staffed.

“Lack of bodily autonomy and reproductive choices continue to block women’s path to equality and full participation in economic life,” she said, expressing concern over declining funding for population-related matters – especially sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights – as countries shift their priorities amid the pandemic.

“We cannot afford further reversals – the stakes for women, girls and young people, and for their societies, are far too high.”

Critical care work

In her keynote address, Jayati Ghosh, Professor in the Department of Economics, at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, emphasized that the “perfect storm” of challenges described by Ms. Grynspan cannot be tackled without inclusion.

That means reducing inequalities, which will always engender backlash and pushback.

She also voiced concern over the continuing disinvestment in care work, a burden which will only increase amid future demographic challenges and climate change impacts.

“If we do not empower women … we will be unable to deal with the major challenges facing society,” she cautioned.
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INTELLIGENCE
Taliban are running-in a 3 Front War


Published April 27, 2022
By Ajmal Sohail

Taliban fighters have been engaged in fighting in three parts of Afghanistan, as hostility was amplified on the Afghan-Iranian border by Iranian troops as Iranian border guards’ vehicles drove off near the Afghan border in pursuit of smugglers.

Subsequently, military forces from both countries (Afghanistan & Iran) are stationed near the Iran-Afghanistan border and are on high alert. Iranian Zahedan forces have arrived in the region with armored tanks, which are heavily equipped with heavy weapons.

Iranian military officials, through their representative in Kabul, have informed the Taliban’s defense ministry to stop fighting. In accordance with Iran’s intelligence service secret information Pakistan, at the request of the West, wants to engage the Taliban regime in a constant war with neighboring countries.

In this regard, Iranian officials accuse Mullah Mohammad Hassan and his supporters, including the Haqqani network. In addition, Iranian political officials have telephoned the office of acting Prime Minister Mullah Baradar to urge him to take “serious action” and stop Maulvi Yaqub and his forces engaging with Iran in military conflict.

According to the Iranian officials, this war is a foreign plan implemented by a number of groups within the Taliban. Troops on both sides of the border are now ready for battle and heavy weapons have been dispatched to the area by Iranian forces, but Iranian officials are still urging the Taliban to resolve the issue through talks.

The second fierce battle took place in the deep border area of ​​Garbiz district of Khost province when Pakistani troops tried to re-enter the house in search of TTP fighters. Garbiz is a district very close to North Waziristan and is often equipped and supplied TTP fighters from this place, and this is the home to many of the leaders of the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

An intelligence source from the same area reported, last Thursday that Pakistani SSG Special Forces, with the help of Haqqani network-linked fighters within the Afghan Taliban, raided civilian homes and sought to capture TTP leaders and supporters. The Haqqani network-linked fighters were then sent from that area to Baghlan province for military operations, and a special unit from the Sangin district of Helmand province was sent to the area, to prevent the entry of Pakistani troops.

Because the Pakistani military plans to use the Haqqani network to prevent the Afghan Taliban from setting up checkpoints on the Afghan-Pakistani border.

The third battle took place at 10 pm in Kapisa province. A rebel group was being formed in Kapisa province on the orders of former police chief Gen. Farid Ahmad Mashal, but was stopped by the Taliban.

The group, which has been formed but was not yet completed, now engaged in a fierce campaign to attract fighters. However, local GDI spies received a report about the group and started to crack it down.

Moreover, because the top military leaders of the previous republican government were not encouraged to form anti-Taliban groups to weaken the Taliban, the Taliban linked the group to the resistance, but in reality, the group had nothing to do with the resistance and wanted to launch anti-Taliban military operations in 34 Afghan provinces under the guise of freedom fighters.





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ECOCIDE
Tunisia detains crew of sunken 'Xelo' fuel ship

Authorities are investigating whether the ship may have been deliberately sunk

The merchant ship Xelo sank in Tunisian territorial waters, in the Gulf of Gabes, on April 16. AP

The National
Apr 26, 2022

Seven crew members of a commercial ship that sank off Tunisia's coast have been detained, a judicial official told Reuters on Wednesday.

Authorities are investigating whether the ship may have been deliberately sunk off the southern city of Gabes this month.

Tunisian officials initially said that the Xelo sank as it travelled from Equatorial Guinea to Malta, while carrying up to 1,000 tonnes of oil, and the Tunisian navy had rescued all seven crew members.

READ MORE
Tunisian judge issues arrest warrants for seven crew members of sunken fuel ship

Officials later said a diving team sent to counter a potential environmental disaster found the ship was empty.

"The investigative judge issued a detention decision against the ship's crew," said Mohamed Karay, a spokesman for the Gabes court.

Mr Karay had previously said an investigation was being conducted to determine if the ship sank under normal circumstances or was sabotaged to obtain compensation from insurance companies. Authorities were also looking into the possibility of oil smuggling, he said.











Tunisia's Environment Minister Leila Chikhaoui, centre, tours the port in Gabes after a merchant fuel ship sank off the coast. AFP

The crew of the ship comprised four Turks, two Azerbaijanis and one from Georgia.

They claimed the ship's route documentation had been lost, and there was a conflict in the information they provided, Mr Karay said.

Reuters could not immediately contact the crew, the ship owner or their legal representatives.

Updated: April 26, 2022
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Israel’s measures increase tension, undermine two-state solution: Palestinian PM

Palestinian Prime Minister Mohammed Ishtaye said that the Israeli measures in the Palestinian territories would increase tension and undermine the two-state solution.

Ishtaye made the remarks during a meeting with Austrian Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg in the West Bank city of Ramallah, to discuss bilateral relations and the political situation in the region, according to an official statement.

“The Israeli measures of accelerating the cycle of settlements, demolition of Palestinian homes, confiscation of land, the measures at Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the daily raids on the West Bank towns are undermining the two-state solution,” Xinhua news agency reported citing Ishtaye.

He also referred to the economic and financial situations in the Palestinian territories, “which are completely linked to the Israeli measures and the Israeli control of the Palestinian resources.”

Earlier Tuesday, Schallenberg met with his Palestinian counterpart Riyad Al-Maliki in Ramallah.

At the end of their meeting, Al-Maliki told a news conference that the Palestinians are calling on the international community “to compel Israel to stop its violations and measures in the Palestinian territories, mainly in East Jerusalem.”

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DOT-MOM

New Global Health & Gender Policy Brief: The Global Care Economy

April 27, 2022 By 
Black,Working,Mother,Taking,Notes,While,Daughter,Is,Sitting,On

Care work makes all other work possible. It is also the fastest-growing sector of work in the world—projected to add 150 million jobs by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the importance of care work. It has also exposed how women perform most caregiving work, which is unpaid, underpaid, and/or undervalued. Globally, women and girls contribute more than 70 percent of total global caregiving hours (paid and unpaid) and perform more than 75 percent of unpaid care work. The inordinate amount of unpaid care work women and girls perform prevents them from earning a paid income, which contributes to greater gender inequities worldwide.

The global care economy—the paid and unpaid labor related to caregiving such as childcare, elder care, and domestic chores—is a critical sector that enhances economic growth, gender equity, and women’s empowerment. Care work is economically valuable but globally undervalued. In the United States, contributions related to the care economy amount to $648 billion, annually. Globally, if unpaid care workers earned a minimum wage they would add nearly $11 trillion a year to the global economy.

In a new policy brief, The Global Care Economy, the Wilson Center’s Maternal Health Initiative explores the economic and societal value of caregiving work, the burden of caregiving on women, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers. Investing in the paid and unpaid care workforce, creating family-friendly workplaces, and addressing the harmful social norms and the physical and mental burdens of caregiving are critical to support and value care work globally.

The Global Care Economy – P… by The Wilson Center

In the United States, women, especially women of color, are more likely to work in essential front-line occupations including care work, leaving them at higher risk of COVID-19 illness and mortality. This is also the case globally, where women and girls make up two-thirds of the paid care workforce.

Unpaid care work presents additional challenges for women. Globally, 647 million full-time unpaid caregivers are not seeking a job due to their caregiving responsibilities. Most (93 percent) are women. In the United States, more than 1 in 5 adults were unpaid family caregivers prior to the pandemic. Now, an estimated 43 percent of adults in the United States are unpaid caregivers.

While there have been some policy-level interventions to support caregivers in the United States and globally, greater investments are needed to appropriately value and support care work. Investing in the paid and unpaid care workforce can result in increased household earnings, a more gender-equitable distribution of unpaid care work, and improved working conditions in the paid care sector. To support parents in the workforce, it is critical to support family-friendly workplaces through flexible leave policies. Additionally, policies and programs must address harmful social norms that contribute to the unequal distribution of care work.

This Global Health & Gender Policy Brief was made possible through the generous support of EMD Serono, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.

Sources: The Care Economy Knowledge Hub, Center for Economic and Policy Research, International Labour Organization, McKinsey & Company, Oxfam International, Political Economy Research Institute, The Holding Co., Where You Live Matters, World Economic Forum

Photo Credit: Working mother taking notes while daughter is sitting on her lap. Drazen Zigic/Shutterstock.com.


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