Sunday, November 19, 2023

Starmer reiterates Corbyn’s days as Labour MP are over after long-standing row over Hamas
RED TORY SIR KEIR PURGES CORBYN

Labour leader ‘shocked’ by left-winger’s Piers Morgan interview – as Corbyn belatedly calls Hamas terrorists but says Israel behind ‘acts of terror too’

Ker Starmer said Jeremy Corbyn’s “days as a Labour MP are over” as he condemned the former leader’s repeated refusal to call Hamas a terrorist organisation in an interview.

The Labour leader said his predecessor – stripped of the party whip in 2020 – “won’t stand as a Labour MP at the next election or any election”.

It came as hundreds of pro-Palestine protesters gathered outside Sir Keir’s office in north London on Saturday demanding that he back a ceasefire and chanting: “Keir Starmer’s a wasteman”.

Mr Corbyn had been repeatedly asked on Talk TV’s Piers Morgan Uncensored programme this week if he thought Hamas was a terror group. But the independent Islington North MP, an outspoken critic of Israel, continually avoided the question.

Mr Corbyn has now described Hamas as “a terrorist group” in a new article for Tribune – but also accused the Israeli army of being guilty of “acts of terror too”.

Sir Keir – who served in Mr Corbyn’s shadow cabinet – said he was “taken aback and shocked” by the left-wing stalwart’s refusal to describe Hamas as a terror outfit in the TalkTV interview.

“It reaffirmed in me why it is so important to me and to this changed Labour Party that Jeremy Corbyn does not sit as a Labour MP and will not be a candidate at the next election for the Labour Party,” he told the News Agent podcast. “That is how far we have changed as the Labour Party.”

Asked whether Mr Corbyn’s interview with Piers Morgan would preclude him from standing for Labour again, Sir Keir: “He won’t stand as a Labour MP at the next election or any election. His days as a Labour MP are over. We have a changed party.”

<p>Keir Starmer said Jeremy Corbyn would not return to the party</p>

Keir Starmer said Jeremy Corbyn would not return to the party

In an article for the left-wing Tribune magazine, Mr Corbyn wrote that “I deplore the targeting of all civilians”, including Hamas’s killing of around 1,200 people in Israel – but went on to accuse the Israeli army of “acts of terror”.

“If we understand terrorism to describe the indiscriminate killing of civilians, in breach of international law, then of course Hamas is a terrorist group,” the former Labour leader wrote.

He added: “The targeting of hospitals, refugee camps and so-called safe zones by the Israeli army are acts of terror too; and the killing of more than 11,000 people, half of whom are children, cannot possibly be understood as acts of self-defence.”

Mr Corbyn had the Labour whip in parliament removed in October 2020 over his response to the equalities watchdog report on antisemitism in the party during his tenure as leader. He sits as an independent MP but remains a Labour member.

Sir Keir faced a bruising week on the issue of the Israel-Hamas war, suffering a major rebellion in the Commons against the party’s position of refusing to back a ceasefire.

Pro-Palestine crowds blocked the road outside his Camden office on Saturday and chanted: “Keir Starmer’s a wasteman” and “What do we want? A ceasefire. When do we want it? Now.”

<p>People demonstrate outside Keir Starmer’s constituency office on Saturday</p>

People demonstrate outside Keir Starmer’s constituency office on Saturday

The opposition leader said he was “not daunted” by the prospect of entering No 10 if Labour wins next year’s general election – but revealed that he has worried about his family’s safety.

He said: “I’ve got two children: I’ve got a 15-year-old boy and a 12-year-old girl. And my biggest concern – about the only concern I have going forward – is asking myself over and over again, particularly at the moment, how do I protect them as we go into this?”

The Labour leader – who has backed Rishi Sunak’s call for a “humanitarian pause” – had put his MPs on a three-line whip not to vote for an SNP motion calling for an immediate ceasefire.

But 56 of his MPs defied the order, 10 shadow ministers and parliamentary aides among them. The frontbenchers, including Jess Phillips, quit or were sacked as a result.

Sir Keir insisted that there is “no unconditional support for Israel” as it fights back against Hamas, and urged that civilians and hospitals “must be protected” and international law upheld.

Labour rebels could still join Sir Keir’s top team after the election, the shadow defence secretary John Healey said.

Asked whether their stance would rule them out of a ministerial post in a Labour government, Mr Healey said: “That’s for well down the track,” before insisting there was a “deeper unity” in the Labour Party.

Other former shadow ministers now on the back benches include Yasmin Qureshi, Afzal Khan, Paula Barker, Rachel Hopkins, Sarah Owen, Naz Shah and Andy Slaughter. Parliamentary private secretaries Dan Carden and Mary Foy joined them in stepping down.

Saturday saw pro-Palestine protest organisers oversee a national day of action, instead of a large march in central London.

The direct action took the form of more than 100 smaller rallies at various locations across the UK. Previous weekends have seen thousands of protesters and counterprotesters converging on the capital.

 

The way dogs see the world: Objects are more salient to smarter dogs


'Smarter' dogs are resilient in difficult learning situations and can overcome their biases

Peer-Reviewed Publication

EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY

Learning about the place -Dog test 

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LEARNING ABOUT THE PLACE: THE TREAT IS ALWAYS ON THE RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE ONLY, AND THE PLATE ON THE OTHER SIDE IS EMPTY.

 

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CREDIT: PHOTO: ENIKO KUBINYI




When we point at an object, the toddler focuses on the object, while the dog usually takes the gesture as a directional cue. In a recent study, researchers from the Department of Ethology at Eötvös Loránd University find explanations for this phenomenon. It appears that the discrepancy is not only due to how dogs see, but may, in fact, reflect how they think. For "smarter" dogs, the appearance of an object matters as much as its location, suggesting that their information processing is more similar to that of humans.

Spatial bias is the phenomenon of interpreting information in relation to space, location or distance when the same information could easily apply to an object. "This is manifested, for example, in the way dogs and children react to gestures when we show them the position of an object. Very early on, children interpret the gesture as pointing to the object, while dogs take the pointing as a directional cue. In other words, regardless of the intention of the person giving the cue, the meaning for children and dogs is different. This phenomenon has previously been observed in dogs using a variety of behavioural tests, ranging from simple associative learning to imitation, but it had never been studied per se," explains Ivaylo Iotchev, first author of the study, which appears in the journal Ethology.

The researchers have concluded that the spatial bias is an untapped opportunity to better understand how dogs think.

Previous research has not clarified whether dogs behave this way because they have inferior vision compared to primates, or whether it is actually an information processing bias, whereby the parameters of the space around them are more important to dogs than the specific, nearby objects.

The researchers measured spatial bias in two behavioural tests involving 82 dogs. In one task, the dogs had to learn, over a maximum of 50 trials, whether the treat was always on the right or left plate, so they learned a location. In the other task, two types of plates were used, a white round one and a black square one, these were always placed in the middle. A dog was always given only one type of plate to eat from but was exposed to each in a semi-random sequence. In this constellation,  they were learning about the properties of the plate. Learning was measured  by how fast a dog ran to the correct plate. The results showed that the animals learned faster when the treat was placed to the right or left, so they had to choose which direction to go. They had more difficulty remembering whether the treat was on the white round or black square plate. The 'spatial bias' measure described how much faster the dogs were at learning about the place than at learning about object features. A more complicated task followed if the dogs had already learned where the treat was because then the situation was reversed. That is, if they had previously received the treat on the right, it was now on the left in the new position, and if it had been on the white plate, it was now on the black plate.

To find out whether spatial bias is sensory, cognitive or mixed, the researchers needed to detect and measure differences between the visual and cognitive abilities of dogs.

This involved measuring how short the dog's head is - as this is correlated with visual acuity - and also measuring how efficiently they solve problem tasks.

The head shape was investigated by Zsófia Bognár PhD student and co-author of the study. "The visual abilities of dog breeds differ from each other, which indirectly results from their head shape. Dogs with shorter heads - scientifically known as brachycephalic - develop human-like vision. The structure of their retina implies sharper and more focused vision than their longer-headed counterparts. This has allowed us to use a measure of head shape (the so-called "cephalic index") as an approximate measure of the quality of vision in dogs. It is calculated by dividing the width of the skull by the length of the skull. The shorter the head, the higher the number", explained Zsófia Bognár.

To measure cognitive ability, the dogs took part in a series of tests. "We tested their memory, attention skills and perseverance. We found that dogs with better cognitive performance in the more difficult spatial bias task linked information to objects as easily as to places.

We also see that as children develop, spatial bias decreases with increasing intelligence,"

adds Eniko Kubinyi, head of the MTA- ’Lendület’ Momentum Companion Animal Research Group.

The study found that spatial bias is smaller in dogs with better visual acuity and who are "smarter". "Spatial bias in dogs is not simply a sensory problem but also a mindset. We also found that 'smarter' dogs are resilient in difficult learning situations and can overcome their biases," concludes Iotchev.


Learning about objects: the treat is always only on the white plate or only on the black plate, the other is empty.

CREDIT

Photo: Eniko Kubinyi

Disclaimer: AAAS and 

 

Converting PFAS “forever chemicals” into valuable compounds


Scientists develop a new method to incorporate harmful perfluoroalkenes into N-heterocyclic carbene ligands

Peer-Reviewed Publication

OSAKA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

Converting PFAS “forever chemicals” into valuable carbenes 

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THE CONVERSION WAS ACHIEVED BY SIMPLY REMOVING TWO FLUORINE ATOMS FROM 1,2-DIFLUOROALKENE DERIVATIVES

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CREDIT: KENICHI MICHIGAMI, OSAKA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY




Osaka, Japan – Commonly known as “forever chemicals,” PFAS are notorious for persisting in the environment and in our bodies. Osaka Metropolitan University chemists may put an end to the “forever” life of PFAS with their simple yet innovative technique that converts these harmful substances into valuable compounds.

A research group led by Professor Masato Ohashi and Assistant Professor Kenichi Michigami of the Graduate School of Science at Osaka Metropolitan University has successfully synthesized ligands called fluorine-decorated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) from perfluoroalkenes, a type of PFAS (Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances). The NHCs developed in this study play significant roles in stabilizing unstable molecules as well as enhancing the performance of their ligated transition metal complexes.

The synthesis of fluorinated NHCs was achieved simply by removing two fluorine atoms from 1,2-difluoroalkene derivatives. Owing to the small size of fluorine atoms, the electron-accepting ability of the NHC ligand can be enhanced without substantially changing its steric properties.

“Our results enable the easy transformation of harmful PFAS into functional NHCs,” explained Dr. Michigami. “The versatile applications of fluorinated NHCs show potential advantages in various fields such as fluorine chemistry, organometallic chemistry, catalysis chemistry, and materials science.”

Their findings were published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

 

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About OMU 

Osaka Metropolitan University is the third largest public university in Japan, formed by a merger between Osaka City University and Osaka Prefecture University in 2022. OMU upholds "Convergence of Knowledge" through 11 undergraduate schools, a college, and 15 graduate schools. For more research news, visit https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/ or follow us on Twitter: @OsakaMetUniv_en, or Facebook

 

Genetic testing could greatly benefit patients with depression, save health system millions


Peer-Reviewed Publication

UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA




A special kind of genetic test that helps determine the best antidepressant for patients with moderate-to-severe depression could generate substantive health system savings and greatly improve patient outcomes, according to new research from the University of British Columbia.

The study, published today in CMAJ, shows that in B.C. alone, implementing pharmacogenomic testing could save the provincial public health system an estimated $956 million over 20 years.

“Pharmacogenomic testing aims to match patients with medications that are more likely to be effective and cause less side effects, based on their genetic profile,” said co-senior author Dr. Stirling Bryan (he/him), professor at UBC’s school of population and public health, and senior scientist at Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI). “Our findings show that the benefit to patients in B.C. could be enormous, including increased remission rates and better quality of life, while generating significant cost savings by keeping people out of hospitals and more intensive treatment pathways.”

One in 10 Canadians will experience major depression at some point in their lives, making it one of the largest public health burdens. While more than 35 antidepressant medications are available in Canada, over half of patients don’t respond to the antidepressant they are initially prescribed and roughly 27 per cent report adverse effects.

Previous studies have shown that up to 42 per cent of the variation in how patients respond to these medications is due to genetic factors. Pharmacogenomic testing uses genetic information, typically obtained using a cheek swab, blood test or saliva sample, to help guide medication selection and dosing.

“Genes play an important role in how our bodies metabolize different antidepressants, which ultimately influences their efficacy,” said co-senior author Dr. Jehannine Austin, professor of medical genetics and psychiatry at UBC. “The genetic insights provided by pharmacogenomic testing can help physicians make more informed treatment decisions and reduce the lengthy trial-and-error process that many patients experience in finding an effective medication.”

For the study, the researchers worked with patient partners, clinicians and health system and government partners to develop a simulation model that mimics the experience of patients with major depression, from diagnosis through to treatment, recurrence and recovery. By incorporating B.C. health administrative data, clinical trial data and defined treatment strategies, the model compared the projected journey of 194,149 adults with and without pharmacogenomic testing over a 20-year period.  

The model showed that pharmacogenomic testing would result in 37 per cent fewer patients experiencing treatment-resistant depression, a situation in which the patients’ depression does not improve despite trying several kinds of treatment. Pharmacogenomic testing would also result in patients spending 15 per cent more time without depression symptoms, resulting in an anticipated 1,869 fewer deaths and 21,346 fewer hospital admissions over 20 years.

“By incorporating the perspectives of patients with lived and living experience into this model, alongside robust data sets, we are able to carefully simulate the treatment journey of people with major depression,” said first author Dr. Shahzad Ghanbarian, a mathematical modeler and health economist at the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, a research group within the VCHRI and affiliated with UBC. “The simulation model is designed to be flexible and could be applied to other jurisdictions beyond B.C., where we might expect to see similar benefits, particularly within a comparable Canadian context.”

Linda Riches, who lives in Salmon Valley, B.C., has been living with major depression for over 30 years and was one of the patient partners who helped undertake the study.

“All people with major depression deserve to feel hopeful about their life. Genetic testing may give them the opportunity to know what treatment they need, not the 10 they didn’t need,” said Riches.

Pharmacogenomic tests are not currently offered through the public health systems across Canada, but patients can pay for them through private companies.

The researchers say their analysis makes a strong case for including pharmacogenomic testing as part of routine, publicly-funded health care for people with major depression in B.C., but more work is needed to determine how such testing could be put into practice.

“We’ve shown here this can be effective, and our next step is to figure out the best way to do it, with input from patients, physicians, government and health sector partners,” said Dr. Bryan. “Exploration of implementation strategies, such as which health-care professionals are best-suited to deliver pharmacogenomic testing, is the natural next step and remains unexplored in Canada.”

This study was funded by Genome BC, Genome Canada and Michael Smith Health Research BC.

Interview language(s): English

 

Geese ‘keep calm and carry on’ after deaths in the flock

Peer-Reviewed Publication

UNIVERSITY OF EXETER

Flock of Canada geese 

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FLOCK OF CANADA GEESE

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CREDIT: MATTHEW SILK



Canada geese strengthen existing friendships and forge a few new connections after losing close associates from their flock, new research shows.

University of Exeter scientists observed flocks of Canada geese before and after a population-management cull in which about 20% of the birds were killed.

In such a situation, some animals species increase “social connectivity” – mixing with many new individuals – which can increase the transmission of infectious diseases.

But the geese in the study responded by strengthening existing relationships, only adding enough new associations to replace those they had lost.

“Our findings shows that Canada geese are very robust to this level of social change,” said Dr Nick Royle, from the Centre for Ecology and Conservation on Exeter’s Penryn Campus in Cornwall.

“They are socially conservative – they keep calm and carry on, responding to losses in the flock by strengthen existing ties rather than greatly expanding their social network.

“This ability to deal with social disruption – this resilience – might contribute towards their success as an invasive species.”

As well as competing with native species, Canada geese can spread diseases including avian flu that could affect human and animal health.

They are culled in various parts of the UK, including at the Cotswold Water Park where this study took place.

Reducing the size of the population is a common method to reduce disease transmission. In some species this can backfire because individuals respond by forming multiple new social connections – which can increase the spread of disease.

In contrast, after short-term adjustments to restore their social network this population of Canada geese were robust to the effects of culling; predominantly strengthening existing ‘friendships’ rather than forming lots of new associations, reducing the potential for an increased risk of disease transmission.

The researchers say their findings highlight the importance of understanding the social behaviour of different species when planning management interventions such as culling.

The research was funded by the University of Exeter and the Animal and Plant Health Agency.

The paper, published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, is entitled: “Culling-induced perturbation of social networks of wild geese reinforces rather than disrupts associations among survivors.”

 

Recent Advances in the Application of Marine Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents


Book Announcement

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS



The latest volume of the Bentham Science book series, Frontiers in Antimicrobial Agents, scopes out the potential of marine natural compounds in the search for anti-infective medicines.

The world is facing a growing crisis as the number of new antimicrobials on the market has decreased over the last two decades, while harmful pathogenic organisms have acquired high resistance rates, rend

ering current antimicrobials less effective. Recent Advances in the Application of Marine Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents is a new series volume that covers this subject This volume explores the untapped potential of marine environments to provide breakthrough treatments for various human ailments through the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.

Authored by a team of experts in the field of natural product science, marine microbiology, and biotechnology, Recent Advances in the Application of Marine Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents delves into the rich diversity of animals, plants, and microorganisms found in the marine environment. These marine resources are proving to be a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds that have demonstrated antimicrobial properties.

Together, these accomplished editors have edited an informative treatise on marine natural products as novel antimicrobial agents, making the book a useful contribution to anyone’s library biotechnology and antimicrobial research library.

The book presents 17 comprehensive chapters that cover a wide range of topics related to marine natural products as antimicrobial agents. It begins with an overview of the significance of antimicrobial drug development and the challenges associated with different discovery platforms. The subsequent chapters focus on the use of microorganisms, bacteria, bacterial viruses, cyanobacteria, marine algae, mangrove extracts, sponges, and various bioactive components from marine habitats as potential sources of novel antimicrobial agents.

The book also explores the promising potential of antimicrobial peptides, biosurfactants, and polysaccharides derived from marine sources. Chapters dedicated to synthetic drug discovery, combinatorial therapy, and nanomedicine showcase innovative approaches to developing effective antimicrobial drugs.

As the demand for alternative therapeutic interventions grows in the face of rising antimicrobial drug resistance, this book provides valuable insights and information on the ongoing clinical trials and patents related to marine natural compounds with antimicrobial properties. It is a valuable resource for both beginners and experts in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of the potential of marine resources in addressing the antimicrobial crisis.

Recent Advances in the Application of Marine Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents is now available and is an essential read for those seeking innovative solutions in the fight against antimicrobial drug resistance.

Learn more about the book here:   https://bit.ly/40HKblG

About the Editors:

Dr. Arumugam Veera Ravi: A Professor of Biotechnology at Alagappa University in India, Dr. Veera Ravi is a renowned expert in drug discovery from natural resources, having published over 90 research articles and contributed to five books. He has successfully led multiple research projects and holds six patents.

Dr. Ramanathan Srinivasan: An Assistant Professor at Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Dr. Srinivasan holds a Ph.D. in Biotechnology. He specializes in antibiotic resistance mechanisms and quorum sensing inhibition studies, with more than 35 research articles and contributions to book chapters. He has also served as a associate editor, guest editor and reviewer for several international journals.

Dr. Kannappan Arunachalam: Dr. Kannappan earned his Ph.D. in Biotechnology and is an expert in antimicrobial resistance and biofilms in microbial pathogens. He has authored over 29 research articles and contributed to four book chapters. He's currently a postdoctoral researcher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and is engaged in an ongoing research project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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