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Wednesday, January 14, 2026

Trump's evil henchmen are clones of a horrific monster who died in disgrace

John Casey
January 13, 2026 
RAW STORY


White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller listens to Donald Trump. REUTERS/Brian Snyder

At first glance, Roy Cohn, Stephen Miller and Emil Bove share an eerie resemblance, though they hail from distinct eras of American dysfunction.

Cohn was a McCarthy-era fixer and Manhattan attorney who mentored the young Donald Trump then died in disgrace. Miller is Trump’s deputy White House chief of staff, to some his “prime minister,” to all the face and voice of Trump’s tyranny. Bove is now a federal judge, but before that was Trump’s legal counsel while Trump was indicted again and again. Oh, how I long for those days.

Different résumés, yes. But the same moral rot behind the same vicious visage.

They are fraternal, tyrannical triplets. They look alike. They speak alike. They operate alike. And most importantly, they thrive for the same reason: Donald Trump, who is, in the words of South Park, “f—ing Satan,” likes demonic despotic dudes, and asks for nothing more.

The vile Cohn was Trump’s most important early influence, not because he taught him the law, but because he taught him how to abuse it, evade it, and weaponize it against anyone in the way.

Cohn’s worldview was brutally simple: never apologize, never admit error, always counterattack harder. Appeal, appeal, appeal, until justice cries “uncle.” He had a viper tongue and a monstrous leer.

To Cohn, truth was irrelevant, institutions were weapons to be bent or broken, and loyalty to scumbags mattered more than reverence for legal scholars.


Roy Cohn advises Sen. Joseph McCarthy in 1953. Picture: Los Angeles Times/Wiki Commons.

Like a fly to feces, Trump absorbed this crock of crap. In the decades since, he has surrounded himself with similar people. If Trump is the water pump, Bove and Miller are the outhouse.


Miller and Bove are near-Cohn clones, Cohn-esque pinheads with the same skull, ego, brain, and heart. Cohn preached brute force and illegality in the courtroom. Now Bove practices it while Miller reimagines it through Trump’s immigration and foreign policies, wielding cruelty as part of a 21st-century Lebensraum doctrine.

Trump selects a very specific enforcer archetype: someone who treats politics as destruction, law as an irrelevance, morality as a waste of time. These guys are willing to be hated, feared, and blamed. In fact, those traits aren’t flaws. They’re prerequisites. Miller and Bove crave insolence.

In a normal presidency, these qualities would be blasphemous, jail-inducing and worthy of impeachment. In Trump’s pigpen, they’re just mud to roll around in.


Miller’s role is not merely to craft immigration policy. It is to function as shock-and-awe made flesh. Miller says the quiet parts loud, proposes the harshest version of every policy, and luxuriates in the backlash.

Cruelty is not a byproduct. It is the point of Miller’s existence. While some men obsess over their appearance — clearly not Miller’s concern — he obsesses over wickedness. He feeds Trump’s “rule the world” fantasies and sermonizes imperialism in unblinking media appearances.

Cohn played the same ruthless role. He intimidated judges, threatened reporters, and crossed lines others would not approach. Cohn understood that power depends less on legality than on the willingness to violate norms, fast and furious, before anyone can catch up.


And then there’s Evil — sorry, Emil — Bove. He fits Trump’s corrosive mold perfectly. His value lies in being, as Trump would say, a “sleazebag” attorney. He pushed conspiracy theories disguised as legal arguments to their absolute breaking point. He taunted judges, dared courts to challenge Trump, and lied in depositions and in open court — under oath — just like his client.

Now, astonishingly, he’s a federal judge.

He is plainly, unequivocally unqualified. His entire career showcases the traits the position demands one not have: belligerence, partisanship, a staggering lack of judicial temperament.


A federal judge is supposed to be an independent arbiter, guided by restraint, humility, and respect for the rule of law. Bove laughs at such quaint notions. He is about loyalty and aggression. Always and forever. He disdains the norms that protect judicial independence. The court has adjourned on his petulance and incompetence.

These bozos thrive because they lack honor, decency, humility, or, most glaringly, truth. Loyalty tests are endless. Media outrage is constant. Legal jeopardy is routine. In this ecosystem, they become role models. Like robots, they churn out their own replacements. The insidious Karoline Leavitt, Trump’s White House press secretary, is a Miller disciple.

Cohn ended up disbarred, dying alone, loathed and disgraced. But that was the 1980s. In this Trump era, Cohn would be basking at Mar-a-Lago. Miller is a hero to his MAGA minions. He boasts 1.6 million followers on X. Think about it. So many people hang on his every post, each packed with cruelty, fabrication, and garbage.


Emil Bove attends Manhattan criminal court in New York. JEENAH MOON/Pool via REUTERS

And Bove? He is Trump’s representative on the federal bench — which is, of course, illegal. But who cares? Bove attends Trump rallies and events, sparking ethics complaints. Critics argue such attendance violates the code of conduct for federal judges, which bars political activity and even the appearance of impropriety, especially so soon after confirmation and despite prior ethical concerns.

A watchdog group has formally asked the Third Circuit’s chief judge to investigate and potentially discipline Bove for placing partisan loyalty above judicial neutrality. Blah, blah, blah. All this protestation matters not, because Bove’s response to all of it is a big FU.

Even the aesthetic similarities between the three matter. The severe expressions, clipped speech, and utter lack of warmth project authority without empathy. These are badges of honor bestowed by their narcissist-in-chief.

The thread, and threat, of their inhumanity proves they are not aberrations. They are continuations. Roy Cohn didn’t disappear when he died. His ethos simply evolved, metastasizing into Stephen Miller and Emil Bove.

There were once the Three Stooges, whose slapstick and bawdiness prompted laughter. Cohn, Miller and Bove are Trump’s three stooges, but they aren’t eliciting laughter. They spur terror.

When cruelty, propaganda, and law enforcement align, comedy dies and horror begins.


John Casey was most recently Senior Editor, The Advocate, and is a freelance opinion and feature story writer. Previously, he was a Capitol Hill press secretary, and spent 25 years in media and public relations in NYC. He is the co-author of LOVE: The Heroic Stories of Marriage Equality (Rizzoli, 2025), named by Oprah in her "Best 25 of 2025.”


'Just a pathetic little man': Stephen Miller lambasted as columnist refuses to hold back

Nicole Charky-Chami
January 13, 2026 
RAW STORY



A columnist Tuesday revealed how White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller has influenced the policies under the Trump administration — and why he wants people to fear him.

The Guardian's Arwa Mahdawi described how Miller, "the driving force behind the Trump administration’s most extreme policies," is craving immense power, but "is ultimately still just a man."

Some of President Donald Trump's aides have even reportedly begun referring to Miller as "prime minister." Behind the scenes, he has being credited with orchestrating the capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and has hopes to remove birthright citizenship.

Despite these moves and wielding this power, Miller is simply one person, the writer argued.

"While the ghouls hellbent on bringing authoritarianism to America, and misery to their self-declared enemies, may think of themselves as demi-gods, they are, ultimately, just mere mortals," Mahdawi wrote.

Miller, the architect of Trump's anti-immigrant policies, including the family border separations during the first Trump administration, even bonded with his wife Katie, a right-wing podcaster, about their harsh stance. And although his own family escaped persecution in Europe as Jewish refugees, something his uncle has publicly slammed Miller for, Trump's "mastermind" has continued to push for these "aggressive tactics."

And he has one goal in mind, Mahdawi argued.

"What people like Miller want most of all is for us to fear them; that’s why they’re all so obsessed with talking about strength and force and power," Mahdawi wrote. "And, yes, we should all be afraid of Miller’s brutish vision of the world. We should be worried about what Miller is doing.

"But we should also make sure to laugh at him; there is nothing thin-skinned authoritarians hate more than being laughed at. And we should never forget that, amid all the trappings of office, Stephen Miller is ultimately just a pathetic little man. One who really likes mayonnaise."

The final dig is in response to Miller's wife revealing on her podcast that her husband eats mayonnaise by the spoonful.

'Ever since hearing that podcast, I’ve had intermittent intrusive thoughts of Miller standing barefoot in the luminous light of a fridge spooning mayonnaise into his mouth, straight from the jar," Mahdawi wrote.

" ... I think the reason the mayonnaise anecdote has stuck with me is because it’s a reminder that while Miller may be in a position of extraordinary power, he is ultimately still just a man, one who likely has grease stains on his T-shirts."

'Utterly chilling': Stephen Miller's 'glaring' Fox News interview sparks outrage

Robert Davis
January 13, 2026 
RAW STORY


White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller speaks at a memorial service for Charlie Kirk. REUTERS/Carlos Barria

One of President Donald Trump's top aides sparked outrage on Tuesday after he claimed that immigration agents enjoy "federal immunity" while they're doing their jobs on Fox News.

White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Stephen Miller joined Fox News host Will Cain on "The Will Cain Show" to discuss the Trump administration's ongoing deportation operations. The interview happened at a time when the operations are facing increased scrutiny following the killing of Renee Good in Minneapolis.

During the interview, Miller said immigration agents that anyone who tries to stop them from performing their jobs is committing a "felony," a claim that legal experts disputed.

"You have immunity to perform your duties, and no one—no city official, no state official, no illegal alien, no leftist agitator or domestic insurrectionist—can prevent you from fulfilling your legal obligations and duties," Miller said.

Political analysts and observers reacted on social media.

"He’s not a lawyer," public defender Eli Northrup posted on X. "There is no blanket 'immunity' for criminal behavior. States can and should hold federal officers accountable."

"Not just false, utterly chilling. Saying you have a free pass to murder people," Norman Ornstein, political scientist and contributing editor at The Atlantic, posted on X. "The law and constitution are clear. States can arrest federal officials who violate their laws." Period.

"Among the most glaring issues of this statement: qualified immunity, which is what ICE officers are covered under, does not shield them from prosecution for *unlawful conduct, civil rights abuses, or excessive force," Evan Rosenfeld, deputy digital director at The Bulwark, posted on X.




This deeply damaged psychopath is now Trump's role model

Thom Hartmann
January 13, 2026
COMMON DREAMS


Donald Trump arrives back at the White House. REUTERS/Annabelle Gordon

This past week, Donald Trump demanded that the Pentagon produce an invasion plan for Greenland, an action that would have world-changing consequences to the benefit of Vladimir Putin and the detriment of Europe, democracy, and America. He followed that by suggesting that Marco Rubio should be the next president of Cuba, the same way Putin had promised his generals and oligarchs that they could have Ukraine.

Step-by-step it appears that Trump is trying to turn America into Russia. We saw the latest and most gruesome example this weekend as Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem — who shot her puppy in the face and bragged about it — went on national TV to defend Jonathan Ross shooting Nicole Good in the face, then calling her a “f------ bitch.”

What’s becoming increasingly clear to Americans — which is why so many millions were in the streets this weekend — is that Trump is trying to use ICE as his own private version of the Schutzstaffel (SS), a secret, unchallengeable police force loyal to him rather than the law, whose job is to terrify and pacify the population so they won’t object to having their pockets picked and their freedom taken.

And his threats against Greenland are designed to break up NATO, fulfilling Putin’s deepest desire, which could ultimately lead to the disintegration of the Atlantic alliance and eventually to the military domination of Europe by Russia.

Both Putin and Trump appear to want the thorn in their sides of the example of a democratic Europe to fail, thus making the world safe for looter-mentality strongman autocracies.

I used to think that Trump always did whatever Putin told him to, during both his administrations and even before, because Putin was blackmailing him or dangling billion-dollar Trump Hotel Moscow opportunities in front of him.

While both of those options are still pretty likely, increasingly I’m seeing that Trump is doing what Putin suggests because he wants to be like Putin. And he wants America to be like Russia.


These two men are deeply damaged psychopaths who never matured emotionally because of the psychological trauma of their childhoods.

They think alike, as do most dictators in history, men who feel fundamentally insecure and get their feeling of safety by dominating others. Abusers who were abused and now inflict abuse.

As a result, they both delight in killing people via their militaries.

They get high by terrorizing people with their secret police and militias.

They both hate and fear a free and open press and any sort of legislative or judicial power that may constrain them.

They both have corruptly made billions from their political positions, both use public monies to shower wealth and opportunity on their friends, and both wield the police and judicial powers of their nations to punish their enemies. Trump’s most recent is Fed chair Jerome Powell.

Other dictators throughout history have shared these same characteristics. Hitler was an abused, unwanted child, much like Trump and PutinSaddam Hussein, Benito Mussolini, and Francisco Franco were all the victims of violent alcoholic fathers who beat them and their mothers, growing up in severely dysfunctional families.

Historian Brian Junkermeier notes that, “Stalin’s father was so violent, that on more than one occasion, he physically abused Stalin to the point where he would have blood in his urine for several days.”


All of these men grew up to be abusers, not just of their family members but of their entire nations.

Most Americans, not being psychopaths who survived cruel childhoods, don’t understand and can’t identify with these impulses. But it’s a safe bet that many of the people who’re enthusiastically answering the ICE recruiting call to “reclaim our nation” from Black and brown people and democracy-loving liberals also share Trump’s and Putin’s propensity for violence.

After all, it wasn’t until Renee Nicole Good told Jonathan Ross that she wasn’t mad with him and was leaving — a statement that she was in control and was leaving her abuser, the exact moment when most abusive husbands who kill their wives take that final step — that he fired three times into her head and called her a “fuckin’ bitch.”

It’s a classic abuser’s move, particularly against women.

Meanwhile, a handful of emotionally stunted rightwing billionaires who are democracy-skeptical are right there with Trump, using their financial power to promote autocracy and oligarchy. Many have had their worldview twisted by the power their own wealth gives them.

Robert Caro once noted:

“Power doesn’t corrupt. Power reveals. When a man is climbing, when he needs votes, when he needs allies, he is careful. When he has power, he no longer needs to be careful — and then you see who he really is.”

In that, he’s echoing Lord Acton’s famous 1887 observation:
“Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”

Trump, the billionaires he surrounds himself with (13 in his cabinet, over a hundred others as major donors), and the police-state toadies like Miller, Noem, Vance, Homan, Patel, Bavino, etc are — based on observable behaviors and statements — almost universally opposed to democracy.

They’re trying to normalize turning America into an oligarchy with the First Family making billions in their first dozen months and their secret police openly killing people in the street and then blaming their victims on national television.

The danger with this is that oligarchy, as I point out in The Hidden History of American Oligarchy: Reclaiming Our Democracy from the Ruling Class, is a transitional form of government that rarely lasts more than a generation or two. It’s so unstable because when the people realize the oligarchs are ripping them off and essentially stealing the nation’s wealth for themselves, they tend to rise up and loudly object.

That’s what we’re seeing with the No Kings and other protests here in America.Average Americans know that when modern GOP-driven Reaganomics started in 1981 fully two-thirds of us had a good, middle-class life with a single paycheck but today it takes two paychecks to barely reach that level, which is why the middle class has collapsed down to fewer than half of us.

They know that the top 1% has extracted more than $50 trillion from working class people over the past 44 years via Reagan, Bush, and Trump tax cuts and the destruction of the union movement.

They know that when Reagan came into office a home cost three times the average salary and today it’s ten times a single salary (or five times a two-income household’s income).

They know their parents went to college for free or cheap and they’re now indebted for half or more of their lives.

They know that healthcare and health insurance used to be affordable when hospitals and health insurance companies were required to be nonprofits, and are now a massive trillion-dollar annual wealth-extraction scheme that’s making people like Rick Scott and Dollar Bill McGuire richer than the pharaohs.

So, when the morbidly rich seize power and rip off the working class, history shows that people rise up against the new oligarchy, leaving Trump and his billionaires with two choices.

They can, like they did in the face of FDR’s overwhelming popularity and success with the New Deal, simply retire from politics and just go back to making money and running their businesses (1933-1981).
Or they can, like they did in Russia two decades ago (and are doing today in numerous other countries including Iran and Venezuela), come down on the protestors with an iron fist, a steel-heeled boot (to paraphrase Grover Cleveland), led by state power and a brutal secret police and intelligence force.

Trump and the hard-right billionaires who made him president appear to be betting option number two will work out for them as well as it did for Putin.

It’s up to us and the politicians we’ve elected to represent us to make sure they don’t succeed and our nation returns to the rule of law.

History tells us how this moment will end if We the People hesitate.

Autocrats like Trump don’t stop because they suddenly find a conscience; they stop when institutions push back, when laws are enforced by judges and the military refuse illegal orders, and when ordinary people refuse to be intimidated into silence.

Russia didn’t fall into tyranny overnight. It slid there step by step, excuse by excuse, “reasonable step away from law and order” by reasonable step, until the police and military were no longer servants of the law but enforcers of loyalty, and regime-aligned billionaires became untouchable partners in plunder.

America is standing at that same fork in the road right now.

Either we insist — loudly, relentlessly, and electorally — that no president is above the law, that no secret police may operate without accountability, that no billionaire may buy immunity, and that democracy is not optional…or we allow fear, exhaustion, and cynicism to finish the job Trump has begun.

This is quite literally a battle over whether the United States remains a democratic constitutional republic or becomes another cautionary tale taught to future generations who inevitably and naïvely ask how a free people could have let it happen.

The choice is still ours, at least for the moment. But history makes one thing clear: once the jackboot is fully laced, it rarely comes off without blood.


Thom Hartmann is a New York Times best-selling author and SiriusXM talk show host. His Substack can be found here.

Tuesday, December 16, 2025

SPACE/COSMOS

LEO satellites show promise to boost navigation accuracy where GPS struggles




Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Gain in the lower-bound positioning accuracy with respect to GPS+Galileo for hybrid combinations of medium-sized LEO and GNSS. 

image: 

Gain in the lower-bound positioning accuracy with respect to GPS+Galileo for hybrid combinations of medium-sized LEO and GNSS.

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Credit: The authors





Precise positioning is increasingly critical for applications ranging from autonomous mobility to resilient infrastructure monitoring. Current Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide global coverage but often suffer from weak signals, urban multipath, and interference vulnerabilities. A new study conducted extensive simulations on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite-based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) systems across representative outdoor environments. The research evaluated signal power, geometry quality, positioning accuracy and interference robustness under different carrier frequencies, satellite transmission powers and constellation designs. Results show that optimized LEO constellations, particularly in hybrid mode with GNSS, significantly improve accuracy and maintain strong performance in urban scenarios where GNSS degrades.

Current Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has supported global Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services for decades, but modern applications demand higher reliability, faster convergence, and resistance to jamming and spoofing. In dense cities or partially blocked environments, GNSS signal strength drops and multipath error increases, limiting accuracy. Meanwhile, global reliance on GNSS raises security risks should interference disable navigation. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems have emerged as a promising alternative, offering higher received power, better satellite geometry and broader spectrum options. Due to these challenges, researchers aim to evaluate whether LEO-PNT can complement or enhance GNSS performance through large-scale simulations and design comparisons; based on these issues, further in-depth research is necessary.

Researchers from Tampere University and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona published (DOI: 10.1186/s43020-025-00186-5) a comparative analysis in December 2025 in Satellite Navigation. The study investigates how different LEO constellation configurations perform in positioning accuracy and interference robustness when operating alone or jointly with GNSS. Using semi-analytical modelling and 192,000 Monte-Carlo simulations, the team evaluated 400 users across European regions in five outdoor scenarios. Key variables included carrier bands (1.5/5/10 GHz), Effective Isotropic Radiated Power levels and constellation geometry design.

The team simulated multiple standalone and hybrid constellation architectures, analysing Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N0), Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP), Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) and lower-bound 3D accuracy. Results indicate that an EIRP of 50 dBm is sufficient for high-quality outdoor positioning when operating in L- and C-bands. While 10 GHz platforms require higher power to compensate path loss, hybrid LEO+GNSS modes show markedly improved stability and reliability.

Multi-shell constellations such as Çelikbilek-1 and Marchionne-2 delivered a favorable balance between satellite count and global geometry, outperforming single-shell layouts. In harsh urban canyon conditions, GNSS accuracy degraded up to seven-fold, whereas LEO-PNT maintained stable ranging performance with limited loss. Interference resistance also improved: stronger LEO signal power means jammers require far greater intensity to cause equal degradation. Hybrid designs provided the most significant gains. Combinations such as Çelikbilek-1 + Global Positioning System (GPS)/Galileo, or CentiSpace-like + BeiDou, yielded better PDOP distributions, faster fix availability and broader user coverage. The authors conclude that LEO systems are not aimed at replacing GNSS, but rather to enhance availability and resilience under signal-challenged environments.

"Our results show that moderate-power LEO constellations can substantially strengthen outdoor positioning without requiring expensive satellite hardware," the authors noted. "Geometry plays a major role—carefully designed multi-shell constellations achieve strong accuracy even with fewer satellites. As LEO-PNT develops, hybrid integration with GNSS offers the most cost-effective path toward secure, robust PNT solutions. This work provides guidance for future system designers evaluating frequency, transmission power and constellation configuration trade-offs."

The findings suggest a realistic rollout pathway for resilient satellite navigation. LEO-enhanced PNT could benefit autonomous vehicles, UAV routing, emergency response, precision farming and critical infrastructure monitoring—especially where GNSS falters in interference-dense or high-rise environments. Lower-power LEO transmission also reduces deployment cost, opening access for commercial operators. Future work may assess indoor positioning potential, bandwidth expansion, and real-orbit testing to refine simulation assumptions. As global demand for secure PNT grows, the integration of LEO and GNSS could become a cornerstone for next-generation navigation technology.

###

References

DOI

10.1186/s43020-025-00186-5

Original Source URL

https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-025-00186-5

Funding information

This work has been supported by Tampere University's Dean's PhD grant. This work has also been partially supported by the LEDSOL project funded within the LEAP-RE programme by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement 963530, by the Research Council of Finland grant 352364, and by the Spanish Agency of Research (AEI) under grant PID2023- 152820OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU, and grant PDC2023-145858-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.

About Satellite Navigation

Satellite Navigation (E-ISSN: 2662-1363; ISSN: 2662-9291) is the official journal of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The journal aims to report innovative ideas, new results or progress on the theoretical techniques and applications of satellite navigation. The journal welcomes original articles, reviews and commentaries.


SwRI-led PUNCH mission producing unprecedented images of Sun


NASA spacecraft also tracks space weather events, comets and more




Southwest Research Institute

PUNCH IMAGING 

video: 

With less than a year in orbit, the Southwest Research Institute-led PUNCH mission has made major accomplishments, imaging the Sun in context while tracking comets and enormous space weather events as they traveled through the inner solar system. In addition to showing the Sun’s activity, this movie tracks the Moon moving across the field of view, the planets Venus, Mercury, and Mars lined up in the ecliptic plane, various constellations, the Milky Way galaxy, and Comet Lemmon (top) traveling through the inner solar system. 
 

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Credit: Southwest Research Institute




SAN ANTONIO — December 16, 2025 — After less than a year in orbit, the Southwest Research Institute-built PUNCH spacecraft have made major accomplishments, imaging the Sun in context while tracking comets and enormous space weather events as they traveled through the inner solar system. SwRI’s Dr. Craig DeForest discussed the achievements of NASA’s PUNCH (Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere) mission during a media roundtable at the AGU25 conference on Dec. 16.

“PUNCH imaging gives us a unique view on the pageantry of the planets and reveals the grandeur of our Sun in the cosmos,” said DeForest, PUNCH mission principal investigator. “Seeing solar activity sweeping across the moon, planets and even passing comets gives us a sense of place in our solar system. It reminds me of the impact of the blue marble image of the Apollo era, though PUNCH data is more of a golden fishbowl view of our neighborhood in the cosmos. We live here.”

Since PUNCH’s four small suitcase-sized spacecraft launched on March 11, they have synched up to act as a single virtual instrument 8,000 miles across. In addition to imaging the Sun’s outer atmosphere as it transitions into the solar wind, PUNCH has tracked enormous coronal mass ejections flinging solar particles across the sky and washing over the Earth.

“PUNCH can actually show us directly the violence of space weather as clouds of electrons cross the solar system,” DeForest said. “Viewing the corona and solar wind as a single system provides a big-picture perspective essential to helping scientists better understand and predict space weather. This forecasting is critical to protecting astronauts, space satellites and electric grid technology from these events.”

The SwRI-developed and -led Wide Field Imagers are aboard three of the four PUNCH spacecraft collecting high-resolution images of entire coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in greater detail than previously possible. These instruments are designed to observe the faint, outermost portion of the Sun’s atmosphere and solar wind. The PUNCH science team is working to integrate data from its coronagraph, the Narrow Field Imager provided by the Naval Research Laboratory, from aboard the fourth spacecraft into the overall data products.

“The NASA Small Explorer’s mission had a bird’s-eye view of the CME in early November that lit up skies across the nation with colorful aurora,” DeForest said. “And we’ve discovered some incredible bonus science that PUNCH performs, tracking comets and other objects. We were able to track the third identified interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS as it traveled through the inner solar system while bright sunlight rendered it invisible to other telescopes and space assets.”

In what may be the longest continuous observation of a comet to date, PUNCH also monitored Comet SWAN with unprecedented frequency, clearly imaging the object every four minutes for nearly 40 days, from Aug. 25 to Oct. 2. PUNCH is also tracking Comet Lemmon, which made its closest approach to Earth on Oct. 21.

SwRI’s Solar System Science and Exploration Division leads the PUNCH mission and operates the four spacecraft from its facilities in Boulder, Colorado. The Boulder division is part of SwRI’s Space Sector, based in San Antonio, Texas. The mission is managed by the Explorers Program Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

For more information, visit https://www.swri.org/markets/earth-space/space-research-technology/space-science/heliophysics.

Click here to watch a video about PUNCH: https://youtu.be/6Kk05oIEeJ0.


Supernova from the dawn of the universe captured by James Webb Space Telescope



An international team of astronomers has achieved a first in probing the early universe



UCD Research & Innovation




An international team of astronomers has achieved a first in probing the early universe, using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), detecting a supernova – the explosive death of a massive star – at an unprecedented cosmic distance.

The explosion, designated SN in GRB 250314A, occurred when the universe was only about 730 million years old, placing it deep in the era of reionisation. This remarkable discovery provides a direct look at the final moments of a massive star from a time when the first stars and galaxies were just beginning to form.

The event, which has been reported on in the recently published academic paper ‘JWST reveals a supernova following a gamma-ray burst at z ≃ 7.3,’ (Astronomy & Astrophysics, 704, December 2025), was initially flagged by a bright burst of high-energy radiation, known as a long-duration Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB), detected by the space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) on March 14, 2025. Follow-up observations with the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO/VLT) confirmed the extreme distance.

The key finding came from targeted observations with JWST's Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCAM) approximately 110 days after the burst. Scientists were able to separate the light of the explosion from its faint, underlying host galaxy.

Co-author, and astrophysicist at UCD School of Physics, Dr Antonio Martin-Carrillo said: “The key observation, or smoking gun, that connects the death of massive stars with gamma-ray bursts is the discovery of a supernova emerging at the same sky location. Almost every supernova ever studied has been relatively nearby to us, with just a handful of exceptions to date. When we confirmed the age of this one, we saw a unique opportunity to probe how the Universe was there and what type of stars existed and died back then.

“Using models based on the population of supernovae associated with GRBs in our local universe, we made some predictions of what the emission should be and used it to proposed a new observation with the James Webb Space Telescope. To our surprise, our model worked remarkably well and the observed supernova seems to match really well the death of stars that we see regularly. We were also able to get a glimpse of the galaxy that hosted this dying star.”

The data indicate that the distant supernova is surprisingly similar in brightness and spectral properties to the prototype GRB-associated supernova, SN 1998bw, which exploded in the local universe.

This similarity suggests that the massive star that collapsed to create GRB 250314A was not significantly different from the progenitors of GRBs observed locally, despite the vastly different physical conditions (such as lower metallicity) in the early universe. The observations also ruled out a much more luminous event, such as a Superluminous Supernova (SLSN).

The findings challenge the assumption that the stars of the early universe, formed under extremely low-metallicity conditions, would lead to markedly different, perhaps brighter or bluer, stellar explosions than those seen today.

While this discovery provides a powerful anchor point for understanding stellar evolution in the early universe, it also opens new questions about the observed uniformity.

The research team plans to secure a second epoch of JWST observations in the next one to two years. By that time, the supernova light is expected to have faded significantly (by over two magnitudes), allowing the team to completely characterise the properties of the faint host galaxy and confirm the supernova's contribution.