Thursday, June 05, 2025

Scientists, doctors, disabled join Argentine pensioners’ march


By AFP
June 4, 2025


For months, retirees and supporters have mounted a weekly march on Wednesdays to demand better pensions and other benefits - Copyright AFP Emiliano Lasalvia

Leila MACOR, Tomás VIOLA

Thousands of protesters, including scientists, doctors, disabled people and women’s rights activists joined Argentine pensioners Wednesday in a weekly demonstration against President Javier Milei’s austerity measures.

Shouting slogans such as: “Cruelty cannot be faced alone,” and “get the chainsaw off our rights,” they came face to face with a heavy security deployment outside Congress in the capital, Buenos Aires.

For months, retirees and supporters have mounted a weekly march on Wednesdays to demand better pensions and other benefits.

In March, one such demonstration was joined by football fans, and over 100 people were arrested after clashes left dozens injured.

Pensioners have suffered the most under Milei’s austerity measures, which plunged Argentina into a deep recession for most of 2024 but led to a dramatic slowdown in price increases.

A minimum state pension is about $300 a month, barely above the poverty line.

Self-declared “anarcho-capitalist” Milei had campaigned for the presidency with a live chainsaw as a symbol of the deep spending cuts he planned to make.

Once in office, he fired tens of thousands of public sector workers, halved the number of government ministries and vetoed inflation-aligned pension increases.

Last year, Argentina recorded its first budget surplus in a decade, but the collateral damage has been a loss of purchasing power, jobs, and consumer spending.

“It is the retirees who are bearing a third of the chainsaw cuts,” Luci Cavallero, a woman’s rights activist, told AFP at Wednesday’s march.

“The most terrible thing of all is how we are repressed without any shame. It is very sad at my age,” added Cristina Rivada, a 74-year-old retiree who attends the protests every Wednesday.

Parallel to the march, Argentine lawmakers were debating proposals submitted by the opposition to increase pensions and issue emergency funds for the disabled.

The government rejects the measures due to their cost.

Outside the chamber, Evangelina Caro, 49, held up a sign reading: “I am a person, not an expense, with rights, not privileges.”

Caro, whose 14-year-old son is autistic, said the government was “increasingly violating the rights of people with disabilities. We have no choice but to take to the streets; it’s not something we like, but there’s no other option.”

Doctors, too, joined the march to call for better wages, while scientists and researchers protested staffing and funding cuts.

 

Climate policy uncertainty fuels ESG upgrades in Chinese firms




Shanghai Jiao Tong University Journal Center
Dynamic effects of climate policy (the Paris Agreement on climate change was implemented in 2016) 

image: 

The graph illustrates the dynamic effects of the policy. The short line perpendicular to the horizontal axis in the graph shows the 95% confidence interval of the regression coefficient. Current is 2016, post_1 is 2017, pre_2 is 2014, and so on. Since period pre_1 before the policy point in time is used as the benchmark group, data for period pre_1 are not available in the graph.

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Credit: Zhifeng Dai and Qinnan Jiang (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China).




Background and Motivation

As global climate risks intensify, climate policy uncertainty (CPU) has emerged as a critical challenge for businesses worldwide. While environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has gained prominence as a driver of sustainable development and investment decisions, the relationship between CPU and corporate ESG strategies remains underexplored. This study addresses a key gap in the literature by investigating how rising CPU—driven by evolving climate policies—impacts ESG performance in Chinese listed companies. China Finance Review International (CFRI) is pleased to present the paper titled “Climate policy uncertainty and corporate ESG performance: evidence from Chinese listed companies”, which identifies actionable strategies for firms to mitigate risks and enhance resilience in a rapidly changing regulatory and environmental landscape.

 

Methodology and Scope

The study employs a robust panel regression analysis using data from 4,490 Chinese A-share listed companies across 12 industries from 2011 to 2022. To ensure reliability, researchers utilised advanced econometric techniques, including:

  • ​​Propensity Score Matching (PSM)​​ to address selection bias.
  • ​​Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS)​​ and ​​System Generalised Method of Moments (sys-GMM)​​ to tackle endogeneity.
  • ​​Difference-in-Differences (DID)​​ analysis leveraging the 2016 Paris Agreement as a policy shock.

 

Key Findings and Contributions

  • Positive Link Between CPU and ESG PerformanceHigher CPU levels are found to significantly enhance corporate ESG scores, particularly among non-state-owned enterprises (N-SOEs), companies in heavy-polluting industries, and firms operating in regions with stringent environmental regulations. Mechanism analysis indicates that firms with elevated systemic risk tend to exhibit more pronounced ESG improvements as a strategic risk-mitigation measure.

 

  • Dimensional Variations in ESG ImpactCPU has the most pronounced positive impact on the environmental (E-score) and social (S-score) dimensions of ESG. However, governance (G-score) performance experiences a slight decline, which is a counterintuitive finding. This decline is attributed to short-term governance challenges that arise during periods of policy transition.
  • Economic ConsequencesThe strategic ESG enhancements driven by CPU lead to tangible economic benefits. Specifically, they help reduce operational risks, such as return volatility, and significantly boost total factor productivity (TFP). These findings underscore the dual benefits of sustainability investments, highlighting how improved ESG performance can drive both environmental and economic gains.

 

Why It Matters

This research holds critical implications for stakeholders:

  • ​​For Governments​​: Highlights the need for tailored policies supporting ESG adoption, especially in vulnerable sectors. Stringent yet stable regulatory frameworks can amplify positive outcomes.
  • ​​For Businesses​​: Prioritises ESG integration as a strategic tool to navigate CPU, enhance reputational capital, and unlock long-term value. Non-state actors and polluting industries must act proactively to mitigate risks.
  • ​​For Investors​​: Emphasises ESG metrics as a hedge against climate-induced volatility, guiding portfolio decisions toward resilient firms.

 

Discover high-quality academic insights in finance from this article published in China Finance Review International. Click the DOI below to read the full-text original!

 

Philippine islands had technologically advanced maritime culture 35,000 years ago



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Ateneo de Manila University

The Mindoro Archeology Project: Key Sites 

image: 

A map of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and the Sunda region as it appeared roughly 25,000 years ago at the height of the last Ice Age, with locations of archaeological sites surveyed by the Mindoro Archaeology Project. The sites yielded artifacts with remarkably similar characteristics despite separation by thousands of kilometers and deep waters that are almost impossible to cross without sufficiently advanced seafaring knowledge and technology.

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Credit: The Mindoro Archaeology Project (Base Map: www.gebco.net, 2014)




In 15 years of groundbreaking archaeological research, scientists from the Ateneo de Manila University, working with international experts and institutions, have established compelling evidence of the pivotal role of the Philippine archipelago in ancient maritime Southeast Asia. They uncovered a story of effective human migration, advanced technological innovation, and long-distance intercultural relations dating back over 35,000 years. 

The Ateneo researchers' latest publication presents a wealth of data and materials from the Mindoro Archaeology Project, including  some of the oldest evidence of the presence of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) in the Philippine archipelago, in Occidental Mindoro—particularly on Ilin Island; San Jose; and Sta. Teresa, Magsaysay. 

Mindoro, like most of the main Philippine islands except for Palawan, was never connected to mainland Southeast Asia, neither by land bridges nor by ice sheets, and sea-crossings were always necessary to reach it. This likely spurred the development of sophisticated technologies for traversing and surviving this environment.

Evidence of sophisticated ancient technology on Philippine islands

A variety of finds such as human remains, animal bones, shells, and tools made from stone, bone and shell show that Mindoro’s early inhabitants successfully harnessed both terrestrial and marine resources such that, over 30,000 years ago, they already possessed seafaring capabilities and specific fishing skills that enabled them to catch predatory open-sea fish species,  such as bonito and shark, and to establish connections with distant islands and populations in the vast maritime region of Wallacea. 

Particularly noteworthy is  the innovative use of shells as raw material for tools since more than 30,000 years ago. This culminated in the manufacture of  adzes from giant clam shells (Tridacna species), dating back 7,000-9,000 years ago. These bear a striking similarity to shell adzes found across the region of Island Southeast Asia and as far as Manus Island in Papua New Guinea, over 3,000 kilometers away.

The researchers also found on Ilin Island a  human grave dating to around 5,000 years ago, with the body laid to rest in a fetal position and bedded and covered with limestone slabs. The manner of burial was similar to other flexed burials found across Southeast Asia, suggesting shared ideological and social influences and an emerging social complexity across a vast area from the mainland to distant islands.

Mindoro hints at vast, advanced maritime network

Mindoro’s archaeological sites have yielded evidence of culturally sophisticated inhabitants who were behaviorally and technologically adapted to coastal and marine environments. Collectively, these discoveries suggest that Mindoro and nearby Philippine islands were part of an extensive maritime network that existed already during the Stone Age and facilitated cultural and technological exchange between early human populations across Island Southeast Asia for many millennia.

By documenting human habitation over a long period of time, with the emergence of advanced subsistence strategies and maritime technologies, the Mindoro Archaeology Project not only fills critical gaps in the prehistoric record of the Philippines but also redefines the region’s significance in the broader narrative of human migration and adaptation in Island Southeast Asia.

The latest publication of the Mindoro Archeology Project is authored by the Ateneo de Manila University Department of Sociology and Anthropology’s Dr. Alfred F. Pawlik, Dr. Riczar B. Fuentes, and Dr. Tanya Uldin; together with Dr. Marie Grace Pamela G. Faylona of the University of the Philippines - Diliman Department of Anthropology, De La Salle University Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, and Philippine Normal University College of Advanced Studies; and Trishia Gayle R. Palconit, PhD student at the University of Ferrara, Italy.

Samples of ancient technology discovered in and around Mindoro. Clockwise, from upper left: a bone fishing gorge (A) and a possible gorge fragment (B); hammer stones (A-F), pebble tools (G-L), and net sinkers (M, N); obsidian cutting tools from Mindoro (top) and Palawan (bottom), exhibiting similar chemical composition; and Tridacna giant clam shell adzes (A,B) and a shell tool (C).

Credit

Photos and figures by A. Pawlik; after Pawlik et al. 2025; Pawlik & Piper 2019; Neri et al., 2015

 

A fresh new way to produce freshwater: sonicated carbon nanotube catalysts




Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University
Figure 1 

image: 

Synthesis and characterization of sonicated CNT catalysts. a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of sonicated CNT catalysts. b) Size distribution of sonicated CNT catalysts determined by DLS. Morphology and chemical composition of c) CNT-0 and d) CNT-1.0 in TEM images (scale bar = 10 nm) and the corresponding EDX mappings (scale bar = 20 nm). e) Raman and f) O 1s XPS spectra of sonicated CNT catalysts. 

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Credit: ©Xin Yang et al.





Water is one of the most precious resources on the planet. Freshwater is vital for humans, animals, and plants - but it can become contaminated from overflowing stormwater and surface water. We are already starting to feel the squeeze on our tight water supply, so we can't afford to waste a single drop.

Thankfully, contaminated water sources can be rejuvenated again as freshwater via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Researchers at Tohoku University made a breakthrough by using sonicated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enable a reaction pathway that can pinpoint specific contaminants and break them down to help save our water.

The findings were published in Advanced Materials on May 21, 2025.

"Previously used AOP methods were nonselective, and degraded both pollutants and background water constituents indiscriminately," explains Professor Hao Li of Tohoku University's Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR). "Our method overcomes this by using a more selective nonradical pathway."

The nonradical pathway uses singlet oxygen and rapid, direct electron transfer. This process allows for common industrial and municipal pollutants to be removed within five minutes, at an unprecedented removal rate (4.80 µmol g−1 s−1). This strategy also works effectively under varied water conditions, such as different pH levels and in the presence of different organic matter.

"Another benefit of our method is that the catalysts produced can be scaled up, they show superior catalytic performance and are easily integrated into flat membranes and hollow fiber devices for continuous water filtration. This makes the technology practical and adaptable for real-world applications," remarks Li.

In addition, centralized treatment plants are expensive and usually require multi-step, complex water treatment processes. The method proposed in this study targets distributed water sources (like stormwater or river water), as an efficient, point-of-use treatment technology. Solid oxidants used in AOPs are easy to store and transport, so they can be brought right to the water source in question.

The next steps of this project will focus on enhancing the long-term stability and anti-fouling performance of the catalysts in real water conditions, expanding their applicability to a broader range of contaminants--particularly electron-deficient organics--and further engineering surface functional groups to improve catalytic activity. This fresh take on freshwater production represents a potentially huge improvement in techniques for replenishing an indispensable resource.

The key data are available in the Digital Catalysis Platform (DigCat), the largest catalysis platform and database developed by the Hao Li Lab.

 

About the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)

The WPI program was launched in 2007 by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to foster globally visible research centers boasting the highest standards and outstanding research environments. Numbering more than a dozen and operating at institutions throughout the country, these centers are given a high degree of autonomy, allowing them to engage in innovative modes of management and research. The program is administered by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

See the latest research news from the centers at the WPI News Portal: https://www.eurekalert.org/newsportal/WPI
Main WPI program site:  www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-toplevel

Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR)
Tohoku University

Establishing a World-Leading Research Center for Materials Science

AIMR aims to contribute to society through its actions as a world-leading research center for materials science and push the boundaries of research frontiers. To this end, the institute gathers excellent researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, and mathematics and provides a world-class research environment.

AIMR site: https://www.wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp/en/

 

The Universitat Jaume I research community is committed to open science



More than 80% of research staff identify open access as a driver of innovation and support a model of shared knowledge culture




Universitat Jaume I




More than 90% of research staff at the Universitat Jaume I in Castelló believe that research results should be accessible online without restrictions. This vision consolidates the commitment to open science among the academic community, according to the survey “What do we think about open science?” promoted by the Vice-Rector's Office for Research in line with the National Open Science Strategy, which had a significant participation rate of 33.8%, with 330 representative responses.

The data show that 84% identify open access as a driver of scientific and social innovation and support institutional strategies that promote open and collaborative environments with greater social impact; and that 87% reject the monetization of research dissemination, because scientific communication is seen as a common good, with non-profit publishing models and a culture of shared knowledge.

However, the report also highlights significant challenges. Although improvements have been observed since the 2021 survey, technical knowledge about the different open access routes remains limited (average of 2.22 out of 5), and only one in five researchers report having a high level of knowledge about data management plans (DMPs). These shortcomings highlight the need to strengthen training and institutional support in this area.

In terms of publications, double-blind peer review is perceived as the fairest and most objective method, with only 7.3% advocating open review. In addition, impact factor and journal reputation are the most influential criteria when deciding where to publish, and traditional metrics continue to dominate the academic ecosystem.

The survey (in Valencian language), together with the complete raw data and an executive summary, is available in open access through the institutional repository. Overall, the results underscore the urgency of moving towards a transparent, inclusive, and responsible research culture, in line with the new evaluation frameworks promoted at the European level.

The completion of this diagnosis is included as one of the commitments in the ENCA-UJI Plan approved by the Governing Council in June 2024 with the aim of guiding its policies towards responsible institutional transformation in the field of research. It is aligned with the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA) and linked to the European projects CATALISI and EDUC-WIDE.

 

A new algorithm uses satellite images to distinguish olive grove types without field visits




University of Córdoba

A new algorithm uses satellite images to distinguish olive grove types without field visits 

image: 

Reserachers Isabel Castillejo y Cristina Martínez

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Credit: Universidad de Córdoba





A study by the universities of Cordoba and Seville develops a method that makes it possible to verify, easily and quickly, whether an olive plantation is traditional, intensive, or super-intensive

The traditional olive grove, with large and well-separated trees, is being replaced by plantations with greater density, such as intensive or super-intensive ones, where the space between them is reduced. Productivity increases with this type of intensive and super-intensive plantations, but so does their use of resources, such as water. 

Due to this transformation's agronomic and environmental consequences, but also its economic and socio-cultural ones, public administrations implement policy and issue aid to modulate it. To do this, they need to have updated information at all times to know how many hectares of each type of plantation there are and how fast they are changing.

This need is met by a method based on convolutional networks, a type of neuron network, developed by a team at the University of Cordoba in collaboration with the University of Seville, which automatically identifies these patterns in olive groves using free open satellite images from Sentinel-2. 

"The problem we faced is that, until now, we had this information, thanks to the images of the PNOA (National Aerial Orthophotography Plan), which feature great spatial resolution, but they are updated every 3 years, so we had very outdated information," explains Isabel Castillejo, a researcher in the Department of Graphic and Geomatic Engineering of the UCO. To overcome this problem, the team turned to the use of Sentinel – 2 images (an Earth observation mission developed by ESA) that are available for free every 5 days. These images, however, feature lower spatial resolution, which makes it more difficult to identify patterns, as the treetops cannot be directly observed in the images. This is where Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) come in, which are a type of Deep

Learning analysis technique used for advanced pattern recognition tasks in data.

"We trained 3 different learning algorithms to detect planting systems using these satellite images and found that the best of the three (approach B) was 80% accurate, a very high percentage considering the difficulty of the problem and the resolution of the input images," explains Cristina Martínez, a researcher in the UCO's Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering. 

The researchers point to another crucial advantage of this method, which is that everything is automated: "just by entering a text file with the code of the plot or the cadastral reference, the plot is defined, with its boundaries, and with that information the satellite images for the period requested are identified, downloaded and entered into the network, which determines the type of olive grove, all in an automated way." 

This innovative method eliminates dependence on traditional methods, which usually involve field visits and random sampling, thus offering a more efficient and precise alternative for the management and monitoring of olive groves. The team is already conducting research to apply this type of processing using neural networks and satellite images to the study and prediction of water stress in olive groves. 

Reference: 
Martínez Ruedas, C., Yanes Luis, S., Linares Burgos, R., Gutiérrez Reina, D. y Castillejo González, I.L. (2025). Assessment of CNN-based methods for discrimination of olive planting systems with Sentinel-2 images. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 234, 110311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110311