New approach to silicone waste recycling closes the loop

Summary author: Walter Beckwith

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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A new low-energy chemical recycling method using boron and gallium can convert common silicone waste into useful chlorosilanes with high efficiency and yield. The method offers a promising new chemical pathway toward circularity in silicone materials, addressing both resource sustainability and emissions reductions in the industry. Prized for their durability, heat and chemical resistance, and low toxicity, silicone polymers are found in countless everyday products, ranging from medical devices to car parts. Each year, millions of tons of silicone are produced globally. Producing silicones is highly energy-intensive, with over 70% of their carbon footprint stemming from the extraction and subsequent chemical processing of component materials. Thus, improving silicone recycling is critical – not only to conserve valuable raw materials like quartz but also to significantly reduce energy use and environmental waste. However, while recycling of carbon-based polymers has advanced, recycling silicone polymers remains challenging due to their complex chemical makeup and robust material properties. Here, Nam Duc Vu and colleagues present a versatile chemical recycling strategy to break down a wide range of silicone-based materials, including those commonly used in consumer and industrial products. Vu et al.’s approach uses a gallium catalyst and boron trichloride reagent to depolymerize silicone, at a mild 40° Celsius, into quantitative amounts (~97% yields) of high-purty chlorinated silane monomers, which are key building blocks in silicone manufacturing. According to the authors, the method is scalable and closes the loop on silicone materials by enabling re-synthesis of fresh silicones from waste. In a related Perspective, Koushik Ghosh discusses the study in greater detail.

 

For reporters interested in research integrity issues, Perspective author Koushik Ghosh notes, “recent efforts in my field have made strides toward addressing science integrity-related issues, particularly through initiatives aimed at improving transparency, reproducibility, and ethical research practices. However, one area I believe requires greater emphasis is prioritizing quality over quantity in scientific output. The current landscape often incentivizes the production of numerous publications, sometimes at the expense of originality and rigor. I would like to see a stronger focus on fostering truly innovative research, with an honest acknowledgment of the value of "failure experiments."

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Journal

Science

DOI

10.1126/science.adv0919 

Article Title

Gallium-catalyzed recycling of silicone waste with boron trichloride to yield chlorosilanes

Article Publication Date

25-Apr-2025

A new recycling process for silicones could greatly reduce the sector’s environmental impacts

CNRS

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A study conducted by CNRS1 researchers describes a new method of recycling silicone waste (caulk, sealants, gels, adhesives, cosmetics, etc.). It has the potential to significantly reduce the sector’s environmental impacts. This is the first universal recycling process that brings any type of used silicone material back to an earlier state in its life cycle where each molecule has only one silicon atom. And there is no need for the raw materials currently used to design new silicones. Moreover, since it is chemical and not mechanical recycling, the reuse of the material can be carried out infinitely. The associated study is to be published in Science on 24 April 2025.

The raw material used to make silicones is naturally occurring quartz2. Its constituents are decomposed using metallurgy at high temperature to obtain pure silicon. That then reacts with methyl chloride to form chlorosilanes, molecules essential to all silicone-based polymers. These first two transformations are very energy intensive and emit CO2, the main greenhouse gas causing climate change. Consequently, this new recycling technique would make it possible to circumvent one of the most harmful impacts of the silicone sector. Moreover, as this chemical recycling process gives direct access to (methyl)chlorosilanes, which can be separated and purified industrially, it guarantees the quality of silicone materials from recycling, and can do that infinitely without loss of properties.

At a time when key chemical elements – and the associated mineral resources – are increasingly sought after, a recycling process like this also opens up a path to easing potential tensions around the crucial quartz resource, and the resulting silicon that is one of the key components used by the electronics industry. Together with their scientific and industrial partners3, the authors continue their research, both on improving this process to make it industrially applicable, and by proposing recycling methods for other stages of silicone processing. Finally, they are also working on recycling other materials to make their use more sustainable.

Notes

1 – From the « Catalyse, Polymérisation, Procédés et Matériaux » laboratory (CNRS/CPE Lyon /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1).

2 – Critstalline silica with fewer impurities than sand.

3 – This study was conducted alongside the Centre de RMN à très haut champs at Lyon (CNRS/ENS de Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), the Institut de chimie et biochimie moléculaires et supramoléculaires (CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1) and private companies Activation and Elkem Silicones.
 

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Journal

Science

Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

Not applicable

Article Title

Gallium-catalyzed recycling of silicone waste with boron trichloride to yield key chlorosilanes

Article Publication Date

24-Apr-2025

News Release 24-Apr-2025

Medically tailored meals improve nutrition, reduce readmissions for heart failure patients

University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing

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Penn Nursing’s Charlene Compher, PhD, RD, LDN, FASPEN,  the Shearer Chair of Healthy Community Practices, Professor of Nutrition Science, and Director of Nutrition programs in the Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences

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Credit: Penn Nursing

PHILADELHIA (April 24, 2025) – A new study, published in BMC Nutrition, demonstrates that providing medically tailored meals (MTM) to patients with heart failure (HF) and malnutrition risk following hospital discharge significantly improves their nutritional status and keeps hospital readmission rates well below local and national averages.

The study compared the impact of delivering seven versus 21 MTM per week over a four-week period. A research team, led by Penn Nursing’s Charlene Compher, PhD, RD, LDN, FASPEN,  the Shearer Chair of Healthy Community Practices, Professor of Nutrition Science, and Director of Nutrition programs in the Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, enrolled 46 patients discharged from the hospital with HF and malnutrition risk. The research team conducted telephone surveys at baseline, 30-, and 60-days post-discharge to assess changes in malnutrition risk, adherence to American Heart Association (AHA) dietary guidelines, sarcopenia risk, and 30-day readmissions.

In collaboration with the Metropolitan Area Neighborhood Nutrition Alliance (MANNA) and the Clinical Nutrition Support Service at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania – the study revealed that patients receiving at least seven MTM per week experienced a significant reduction in malnutrition and sarcopenia risk. Notably, adherence to AHA diet goals improved over time, regardless of whether patients received seven or 21 meals. The 30-day readmission rates were significantly lower than the national average, at nine percent for those receiving 21 MTM and 12.5 percent for those receiving seven MTM.

“Our findings suggest that even a modest intervention of seven medically tailored meals per week can have a profound positive impact on the health and recovery of heart failure patients,” said Compher. “This intervention not only improves nutritional outcomes and diet adherence but also keeps hospital readmissions low, which translates to better patient care and lower healthcare costs.”

The researchers concluded that the provision of at least seven MTM per week in the immediate post-discharge period is a promising strategy to improve malnutrition and sarcopenia risk, enhance diet adherence, and maintain readmission rates below national averages for patients with HF and malnutrition risk.

# # #

About the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing

The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) is one of the world’s leading nursing schools. It has been ranked the #1 nursing school in the U.S. by QS University for a decade. Our Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is among the top-ranked programs in the nation, according to the 2025 U.S. News & World Report’s Best Colleges rankings. Penn Nursing also consistently earns high rankings in U.S. News & World Report’s annual list of best graduate schools and is a top recipient of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for nursing research. Penn Nursing prepares nurse scientists and nurse leaders to meet the health needs of a global society through innovation in research, education, and practice. Follow Penn Nursing on: Facebook, X, LinkedIn, YouTube, & Instagram.

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Journal

BMC Nutrition

Article Title

The nutritional impact of 7 versus 21 home-delivered medically tailored meals in patients with heart failure and malnutrition risk: a random order crossover feeding trial (MEDIMEALS)

 

Hospital-based outbreak detection system saves lives

University of Pittsburgh

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An infectious diseases detection platform developed by University of Pittsburgh scientists working with UPMC infection preventionists proved over a two-year trial that it stops outbreaks, saves lives and cuts costs.

The results are published today in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, making the case for adoption in hospitals nationwide and the development of a national early outbreak detection database.

“We saved lives while saving money. This isn’t theoretical – this happened in a real hospital with real patients,” said lead author Alexander Sundermann, Dr.P.H., assistant professor of infectious diseases in Pitt’s School of Medicine. “And it could easily be scaled. The more hospitals implement this practice, the more everyone benefits, not just by stopping previously undetected outbreaks within the walls of the hospital, but by finding medical device or medication-linked outbreaks sweeping the nation.”

The Enhanced Detection System for Healthcare-Associated Transmission (EDS-HAT) takes advantage of increasingly affordable genomic sequencing to analyze infectious disease samples from patients. When the sequencing detects that any two or more patients have near-identical strains of an infection, it flags the results for the hospital’s infection prevention team to find the commonality and stop the transmission.

Without genomic sequencing, hospital infection preventionists have no way of knowing if two hospitalized patients coincidentally have the same infection or if one of them was infected by the other. Because of this, patients with the same type of infection who don’t have an obvious link – such as staying in the same inpatient unit – may unknowingly spread the infection, leading to an outbreak growing significantly before it is detected. Conversely, infection preventionists may spend time and resources trying to avert a nonexistent outbreak when patients happen to have the same type of infection, but the transmission was from unrelated sources.

The study ran from November 2021 through October 2023 at UPMC Presbyterian Hospital. During that time, the analysis showed that EDS-HAT prevented 62 infections and five deaths, compared to if the system had not been running. It netted a savings of nearly $700,000 in infection treatment costs – a 3.2-fold return on investment.

“These results are remarkable,” said co-author Graham Snyder, M.D., M.S., medical director of infection prevention and hospital epidemiology at UPMC. “This project clearly illustrates how UPMC’s academic partnership with Pitt is providing our patients with outstanding patient care while creating innovative solutions that pave the way for better patient care worldwide.”

If health care facilities across the U.S. adopt EDS-HAT, a nationwide outbreak system could be developed, similar to PulseNet, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s network for detecting multistate outbreaks of foodborne illness. Sundermann and colleagues previously found that, had such a system existed, the 2023 outbreak of deadly bacteria linked to contaminated eye drops could have been stopped far earlier. 

“It is a no-brainer to implement EDS-HAT at every health care facility nationwide,” said senior author Lee Harrison, M.D., professor of infectious diseases at Pitt’s School of Medicine and of epidemiology at Pitt’s School of Public Health. “We hope these findings will contribute to ongoing conversations among U.S. health care leadership, payors and policymakers about the benefits of genomic surveillance as standard practice in health care.”

Additional authors of this research are Praveen Kumar, Ph.D., Marissa P. Griffith, Kady D. Waggle, M.S., Vatsala Rangachar Srinivasa, M.P.H., Nathan Raabe, M.P.H., Emma G. Mills, Hunter Coyle, Deena Ereifej, M.P.H., Hanna M. Creager, Ph.D., Ashley Ayres, M.B.A., Daria Van Tyne, Ph.D., Lora Lee Pless, Ph.D., and Mark Roberts, M.D., all of Pitt, UPMC or both.

This work was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant R01AI127472.

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Journal

Clinical Infectious Diseases

DOI

10.1093/cid/ciaf216 

Article Title

Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact

Article Publication Date

28-Apr-2025

 

Global study links consumption of ultraprocessed foods to preventable premature deaths

Findings published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine support a call for revised dietary guidelines and public policies to lessen the disease burden across nations

Elsevier

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Premature deaths attributable to ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption levels in 8 countries increase significantly according to its share in the total energy intake, varying from 4% of the premature deaths in lower consumption settings, such as Colombia, to up to approximately 14% of the premature deaths in countries with the highest UPFs intake, such as the USA and the UK.

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Credit: American Journal of Preventive Medicine / Nilson et al.

Ann Arbor, April 28, 2025 - A study analyzing data from nationally representative dietary surveys and mortality data from eight countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, United Kingdom, and United States) shows that premature deaths attributable to consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) increase significantly according to their share in individuals’ total energy intake. The new study, appearing in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, published by Elsevier, reinforces the call for global action to reduce UPF consumption, supported by regulatory and fiscal policies that foster healthier environments.

UPFs are ready-to-eat-or-heat industrial formulations that are made with ingredients extracted from foods or synthesized in laboratories, with little or no whole foods in their composition. These have gradually been replacing traditional foods and meals made from fresh and minimally processed ingredients.

Lead investigator of the study Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson, DSc, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Brazil, says, "UPFs affect health beyond the individual impact of high content of critical nutrients (sodium, trans fats, and sugar) because of the changes in the foods during industrial processing and the use of artificial ingredients, including colorants, artificial flavors and sweeteners, emulsifiers, and many other additives and processing aids, so assessing deaths from all-causes associated with UPF consumption allows an overall estimate of the effect of industrial food processing on health."

While previous studies focused on specific dietary risk factors instead of food patterns, the current study modeled data from nationally representative dietary surveys and mortality data from eight countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, United Kingdom, and United States) to link dietary patterns, considering the extent and purpose of industrial food processing, to deaths from all causes.

Dr. Nilson explains, "We first estimated a linear association between the dietary share of UPFs and all-cause mortality, so that each 10% increase in the participation of UPFs in the diet increases the risk of death from all causes by 3%. Then, using the relative risks and the food consumption data for all countries (ranging from 15% of the total energy intake in Colombia, to over 50% of the calories in the United States), we built a model that estimated that the percentage of all-cause premature preventable deaths due to the consumption of UPFs can vary from 4% in countries with lower UPF consumption to almost 14% in countries with the highest UPF consumption. For example, in 2018, 124,000 premature deaths were attributable to the consumption of UPFs in the United States."

High consumption of UPFs has been associated with 32 different diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, some types of cancer, and depression. For the first time, this study has estimated the burden of UPF intake on premature deaths from all-causes in different countries, showing that the attributable mortality is significant in all settings and that addressing UPF consumption should be a global public nutrition priority.

Dr. Nilson notes, "It is concerning that, while in high-income countries UPF consumption is already high but relatively stable for over a decade, in low- and middle-income countries the consumption has continuously increased, meaning that while the attributable burden in high-income countries is currently higher, it is growing in the other countries. This shows that policies that disincentivize the consumption of UPFs are urgently needed globally, promoting traditional dietary patterns based on local fresh and minimally processed foods."

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Journal

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI

10.1016/j.amepre.2025.02.018 

Method of Research

Data/statistical analysis

Subject of Research

People

Article Publication Date

28-Apr-2025

 

Every dose counts: Safeguarding the success of vaccination in Europe

Marking European Immunization Week 2025, ECDC highlights the risks of suboptimal vaccination coverage in Europe

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)

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For the years 2019–2023, the overall distribution of cases by age group and vaccination status followed the same pattern, with the unvaccinated population of 0–9 years and >20 years of age counting for approximately 80% of the total number of cases.

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Credit: ECDC

Marking European Immunization Week (EIW) 2025, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) highlights the risks of suboptimal vaccination coverage in Europe and publishes a set of operational tools that public health authorities can use to improve vaccination acceptance and uptake. The tenfold surge of reported measles cases in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus in four EU/EEA countries in 2024 are two clear signals of the need to achieve and maintain high immunisation coverage to protect European populations.

Vaccines have saved millions of lives worldwide. Vaccination remains one of the most effective tools in public health, preventing diseases such as measles, polio, diphtheria and pertussis. Nevertheless, more than 35 000 people were diagnosed with measles in the EU/EEA in 2024 and 23 people – 14 of them children below five years of age – died following their measles infection.

“Thanks to vaccination we have eradicated smallpox and controlled serious diseases, such as polio, diphtheria and tetanus. The challenge for immunisation today is how to safeguard these gains. Accelerated efforts are needed to sustain high vaccination coverage. Every vaccine dose counts, and timing matters for optimal protection,” says Pamela Rendi-Wagner, Director of ECDC.

Today, ECDC releases new data [2] on the almost tenfold increase in measles infections recorded in the EU/EEA in 2024. The data demonstrate the long-term impact of declining vaccination uptake and immunity gaps: among people with known vaccination status who fell ill with measles in 2024, eight out of ten had not been immunised.

Measles can affect anyone who is unprotected – not only children, but adolescents and adults as well. More than a quarter (26%) of people diagnosed with measles in 2024 were over 14 years old.

To prevent measles outbreaks and protect populations vulnerable to the disease, at least 95% of the population eligible for vaccination should receive two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. However, vaccination levels in the EU/EEA still fall short of this target, with recent estimates showing that only four countries (Hungary, Malta, Portugal and Slovakia) report such coverage for both doses.

Europe needs to close existing immunisation gaps to stay healthy

ECDC estimates that around 600 000 children aged 12–23 months may have missed their full primary polio vaccination course between 2022 and 2023. Between September and December 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was detected in sewage samples in Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. To date, no human polio cases have been reported, and the EU/EEA continues to be polio free – but, to keep it that way, targeted catch-up campaigns and improved surveillance need to address existing vaccination gaps [3].

The evidence is clear: insufficient vaccination coverage leaves too many people vulnerable to the disease, including children who are too young to be vaccinated and people who cannot receive vaccines due to medical reasons. Protecting these groups depends on high vaccination uptake in the general population eligible for vaccination.

Successful vaccination programmes are built on understanding and responding to people’s beliefs, concerns, and expectations. Understanding the social and behavioural barriers and facilitators to vaccination is essential to design effective strategies and interventions to increase vaccination acceptance and uptake.

To support EU/EEA countries to take such action, ECDC has published the report ‘Tools and methods for promoting vaccination acceptance and uptake: a social and behavioural science approach’ [3]. The report compiles a set of operational tools in usable and adaptable formats that fit the real-life context that public health authorities work in and describe vaccination programmes that can help tailor their efforts to the specific needs and challenges of diverse communities.

In addition, the deployment of modern digitalised immunisation information systems to identify and reach people who are unvaccinated is critical and should form an integral part of national efforts to improve the performance and management of the overall national immunisation programme.

Continuous EU and national investment in high-quality surveillance and prompt outbreak investigations are key to closely monitoring the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases in the EU/EEA and to identifying and addressing immunity gaps in the population.

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Notes to editors

[1] European Immunization Week is marked each year during the last week of April and is an important opportunity to highlight the vital role of vaccination in protecting health and well-being at every stage of life. ECDC continues to support and strengthen national immunisation programmes, with a strong focus on vaccine quality, safety, and effectiveness, while working to ensure timely and equitable access for everyone.

[2] Annual Epidemiological Report for 2024. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Available from 28 April 2025: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/measles-annual-epidemiological-report-2024

[3] Tools and methods for promoting vaccination acceptance and uptake: a social and behavioural science approach. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Available from 28 April 2025: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/tools-and-methods-promoting-vaccination-acceptance-and-uptake

[4] Join ECDC's digital EIW event bridging epidemiology and social sciences to identify, understand and find joint solutions to address barriers against vaccination, close immunity gaps and improve vaccination coverage across the EU/EEA: "Closing vaccination gaps, reaching every community, Monday, 28 April, 13:30-15:30 CEST. Register here: bit.ly/EIW2025Event