Thursday, September 25, 2025

uOttawa medical scientist leading team bolstering Canada's ability to respond to future pandemics, public health emergencies




University of Ottawa

uOttawa medical scientist leading team bolstering Canada's ability to respond to future pandemics, public health emergencies 

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With $3M in new federal funding over two years, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine molecular virologist Dr. Marc-André Langlois and a multidisciplinary team of collaborators will be a vital part of Canada’s ability to respond effectively to infectious disease threats & future pandemics.

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Credit: University of Ottawa





With $3M in new federal funding over two years, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine molecular virologist Dr. Marc-André Langlois and a multidisciplinary team of collaborators will be a vital part of Canada’s ability to respond effectively to infectious disease threats & future pandemics.

With this investment from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the national network of experts led by Dr. Langlois will be able to support large-scale scientific research, protect vulnerable communities, and strengthen the country’s ability to face future health emergencies.

It’s part of a nearly $20M funding package to support research platforms that unite researchers from across Canada to bolster the nation’s pandemic readiness and response capabilities. In the wake of the COVID‑19 pandemic, the Canadian government pushed to support infrastructure that could rapidly pivot to deal with emerging health threats.

Central to that mission has been the pioneering work of Dr. Langlois, a world-class scientist based at the uOttawa Faculty of Medicine who took a prominent national leadership role at the helm of the Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR‑Net), backed by funding from the CIHR.

The cutting-edge “Serology and Diagnostics High-Throughput Facility” (SD-HTF) Dr. Langlois created at the uOttawa Faculty of Medicine during the height of the global pandemic was a central player in the national coronavirus response. (In the pandemic’s early days, Dr. Langlois swiftly retooled his lab and focused his research on developing new diagnostic tools including serological assays, new therapeutics and a plant-derived nasal spray vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.)

Detecting & tracking infectious disease threats

Now, moving forward, uOttawa’s High-Throughput Facility infrastructure – situated in a secure restricted-access biocontainment level 2+ (CL2+) lab at uOttawa’s Faculty of Medicine – will be a cornerstone of Canada’s pandemic preparedness plan so the nation can be as ready as possible for any future pandemics and public health emergencies that crop up.

Dr. Langlois says the collaborative team’s overarching goal is to “sustain the operations and readiness of a national research platform that can rapidly detect and track new infectious disease threats while protecting vulnerable people and communities.”

The High-Throughput Facility created by Dr. Langlois is highly unique. It’s the “only academic, infectious-disease-focused high-throughput diagnostic facility in Canada capable of handling population-scale studies,” he says, and it can also support expansive clinical trials such as evaluating vaccines or new antiviral drugs.

“The uOttawa Serology and Diagnostics High-Throughput Facility ensures Canada is prepared to face the next health emergency with real-time evidence to guide public health action, while also supporting homegrown discoveries and technologies that require population-scale testing,” says Dr. Langlois, a full professor in the Faculty’s Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology.

Preparing to face a future health emergency with real-time evidence

How does Dr. Langlois, who holds the Faculty of Medicine Chair of Excellence in Pandemic Viruses and Preparedness Research, define success for this pandemic preparedness research platform?

“Success over the next two years will mean keeping our teams and infrastructure running at full capacity, expanding testing to cover threats like avian influenza and other emerging diseases, and delivering timely infectious-disease data that directly informs Canada’s public health policies and preparedness plans,” he says.

The platform that Dr. Langlois will steer as principal investigator will bring together a network that extends across Canada. Locally, it includes top scientific talent from the University of OttawaThe Ottawa Hospital and the Bruyère Research Institute.

“Together, this collaborative network allows us to work across disciplines and translate scientific discoveries into coordinated national responses more quickly and effectively,” Dr. Langlois says.

In a government press release, Dr. Paul Hébert, CIHR president and a uOttawa Faculty of Medicine professor, described the initiatives being funded as reflecting "the best of Canadian research."

Global virus network launches multi-country mpox diagnostic evaluation to close global preparedness gaps




Global Virus Network






Tampa, FL, USA – September 25, 2025 – With global attention shifting away from mpox after recent declines in case counts, the Global Virus Network (GVN) is warning against complacency and urges accelerating efforts to strengthen outbreak readiness. Through its Mpox Action Committee and Centers of Excellence, GVN has initiated one of the first coordinated, multi-country evaluations of rapid point-of-care mpox diagnostics, a critical step to prevent resurgence and ensure the world is better prepared for future epidemics.

Despite recent improvements, health experts caution that gaps in surveillance and diagnostics leave communities vulnerable to new flare-ups. In regions where mpox has persisted, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and surrounding countries, the absence of validated, widely accessible rapid tests continues to undermine timely response.

Globally, the ongoing outbreak of clade IIb mpox, driven by the subclade IIb, has caused more than 100,000 cases in 122 countries, including 115 countries where mpox had not previously been reported.

“Declining numbers should not lull us into a false sense of security,” said Robert C. GalloMD, co-founder & international scientific director of the GVN.  “When surveillance wanes, resurgence follows. This coordinated study compares mpox diagnostics across multiple countries using a common approach, and it will help set the standard for outbreak preparedness worldwide.” Dr. Gallo is also the James P. Cullison Professor of Medicine, director of the Institute of Translational Virology and Innovation at the University of South Florida, and director of the Microbial Oncology Program at Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute.

GVN’s coordinated effort spans four countries and includes leading scientists from Emory University (USA), the University of St Andrews (UK), the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, and the University of Health Sciences Otukpo (Nigeria). Teams are comparing rapid diagnostic kits against gold-standard PCR assays, testing their performance on real clinical samples, and analyzing operational feasibility in resource-limited settings.

“The absence of validated, widely accessible point-of-care diagnostics has created a dangerous blind spot in mpox outbreak response,” added Sten VermundMD, PhD, chief medical officer of the GVN and dean of the University of South Florida College of Public Health.  “Our Nigeria-Scotland GVN global team is building the evidence base that will guide which tools frontline health workers can rely on the next time mpox, or another virus, threatens public health.”

The study represents a rare, coordinated validation of mpox diagnostics across diverse African sites under both laboratory and field conditions.  Findings will be consolidated into a global comparative analysis and policy brief to guide governments, funders, and public health agencies in deploying the most effective rapid tests.

Wilber Sabiiti, PhD, principal research fellow in medicine at the University of St Andrews, spearheads efforts in the DRC and Uganda, validating rapid antigen tests in Kampala metropolitan, Uganda, and South Kivu, DRC, in collaboration with Makerere University and the Catholic University of Bukavu.

“We’re focused not just on how well the kits work, but on whether they’re practical for real-world use in resource-constrained settings,” said Dr. Sabiiti. “That’s the only way to make diagnostics scalable and impactful.”

In Nigeria, Sophia Osawe, MPH, PhD, head of department research operations and senior research manager at the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, a GVN Center of Excellence, is leveraging her team’s biorepository of mpox samples to compare diagnostic kits under ISO-accredited lab conditions.

“Our goal is to generate the evidence needed to make informed decisions about which tests can be deployed quickly and reliably,” said Dr. Osawe. “The stakes are high as delayed diagnosis means delayed care and unchecked transmission.”

Boghuma Titanji, MD, MSc, DTM&H, PhD, assistant professor of medicine at Emory School of Medicine, a GVN Center of Excellence, uses clinical specimens from the U.S. outbreak to test new rapid assays under (biological safety level) BSL-3 containment conditions to evaluate test sensitivity and operational performance.

“We’re applying rigorous virology to assess these tools, but also considering operational ease,” said Dr. Boghuma. “A test that works in the lab but fails in the field doesn’t help the people who need it most.”

Meanwhile, in Otukpo, Nigeria, Joseph Anejo Okopi, MBA, MSc, PhD, professor of infectious diseases and a former fellow in the GVN Rising Star Mentorship Program, is leading a study at the Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo to assess how well rapid tests perform across different specimen types and how feasible they are for deployment in rural settings.

“Our research will assess test accuracy and whether community health workers can use them effectively in real-world conditions,” Dr. Okopi said. “This is vital for reaching remote populations often first impacted by outbreaks.”

As each site shares findings with the GVN, the network will develop a comparative manuscript and policy brief to guide the deployment of the most effective mpox POC diagnostics across Africa and globally.

“This is science in action, led by African and global experts working together to outpace the virus,” said Dr. Vermund“With better diagnostics, we gain the upper hand.”

Media Contact:

Nora Samaranayake

nsamaranayake@gvn.org

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About the Global Virus Network

The Global Virus Network (GVN) is a worldwide coalition comprising 80+ Virology Centers of Excellence and Affiliates across 40+ countries, whose mission is to facilitate pandemic preparedness against viral pathogens and diseases that threaten public health globally. GVN advances knowledge of viruses through (i) data-driven research and solutions, (ii) fostering the next generation of virology leaders, and (iii) enhancing global resources for readiness and response to emerging viral threats. GVN provides the essential expertise required to discover and diagnose viruses that threaten public health, understand how such viruses spread illnesses, and facilitate the development of diagnostics, therapies, and treatments to combat them. GVN coordinates and collaborates with local, national, and international scientific institutions and government agencies to provide real-time virus informatics, surveillance, and response resources and strategies.  GVN's pandemic preparedness mission is achieved by focusing on Education & Training, Qualitative & Quantitative Research, and Global Health Strategies & Solutions. The GVN is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. For more information, please visit www.gvn.org

 

 

Relationships help determine whether students report hazing, UMaine study shows



University of Maine
Photo of first author 

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Devin Franklin

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Credit: Photo courtesy of Devin Franklin





College students’ relationships with friends, professional staff members, faculty and other members of their campus community are an important factor in their willingness to report hazing to their institutions, according to a new study from University of Maine researchers.

Shared during National Hazing Awareness Week, which runs through Sept. 26, the study describes how the connections that students make with others help determine whether they choose to speak out when they or one of their peers experiences hazing. 

Devin Franklin, a Ph.D. student in higher education and the study’s lead author, said hazing prevention occurs at three levels. There’s primary prevention, which is trying to shift attitudes before hazing behaviors occur, as well as secondary and tertiary prevention, which are more reactive and used to respond to incidents as they happen or after they happen.

“The goal is to have most of the prevention happen at the primary stage, but the reality on college campuses — and in the interpersonal violence space — is that hazing does happen. So it’s really important that we understand what leads students to report hazing and what factors deter them from doing so,” Franklin said.

Franklin said it’s important to note that relationships can both prevent and deter reporting. Some students who participated in the study described fear of social isolation if they were revealed to be the person who filed a report, describing a “culture of silence” on their campuses. 

For participants who described relationships as an enabling factor for reporting, having multiple connections between students, staff, faculty and other community members where students might feel more comfortable reaching out was important. One student told the researchers that if a member of their club or group experienced a hazing incident, “ideally they would take that to me first and then I would take it to one of my advisors and she would deal with it from there.” 

Franklin said the study highlights the important role of student support professionals on college campuses.

“When you have even one trusted staff member or advisor, a student is going to be more likely to go to them when they have an issue,” she said.

The study also found that institutional contexts, such as the way campus leaders or leaders of specific groups or organizations respond to incidents, are weighed when it comes to reporting hazing. Students’ understanding of what hazing is was also a key factor.

UMaine professor of higher education Elizabeth Allan, who is Franklin’s doctoral advisor and co-author of the study, said there’s a spectrum of hazing behaviors that includes intimidation, harassment and violence.

“Lack of recognition is certainly a deterrent when it comes to reporting,” said Allan, who led a landmark national study of college student hazing published in 2008 that she is currently working to update

“While there’s a recognition of physically violent incidents as hazing, intimidation and harassment behaviors have more of a tendency to be normalized and accepted,” Allan said. “That just highlights why primary prevention through education about the spectrum of behaviors is so important to getting a full picture of the extent of hazing.”

The Hazing Prevention Consortium: From Research to Practice

The study was published in the Journal of American College Health.

Franklin and Allan say they hope the study will boost prevention efforts at colleges and universities nationwide. The findings are based on analysis of interviews and focus groups with 64 students and 100 staff members from six institutions that have participated in the Hazing Prevention Consortium, a multi-year research-to-practice initiative that supports higher education institutions in developing campus-wide, evidence-base and data-driven approaches to hazing prevention. Since 2013, more than 40 colleges and universities have participated in the consortium, which is part of StopHazing, a research group founded and led by Allan.

“We intentionally designed the consortium so we could conduct research to inform the interventions on different college campuses,” Allan said. “Institutions participate in three-year cohorts, and each one gets a site visit and tailored recommendations to strengthen prevention strategies.”

Franklin, who earned her master’s degree in student development in higher education from UMaine in 2023, is a doctoral research fellow with StopHazing. She received a 2025-26 Chase Distinguished Research Assistantship from the UMaine Graduate School to support her dissertation, which will focus on institutional hazing policies.

“I feel very fortunate that I’m able to apply the concepts I’ve learned about in my doctoral coursework, not only in my dissertation research, but to inform the work we’re doing with StopHazing,” Franklin said. “It’s given me more confidence in my skills as a researcher, and the access we have to campus professionals and the questions they’re asking and the challenges they’re facing, we’re able to see the impact of our research almost immediately.

StopHazing is participating in several activities and campaigns for National Hazing Awareness Week. More information is online.

 

VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center joins leading cancer research centers to reinforce importance of HPV vaccination to prevent cancer




Virginia Commonwealth University






RICHMOND, Va. – Sept. 25, 2025 – VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, along with 61 other National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Centers, several leading national cancer health organizations and the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, have endorsed a joint statement urging the nation’s health care systems, health care providers, parents, caregivers and the public to choose the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for cancer prevention.

“Consistent with our commitment to the concept of 'one team, one fight,’ Massey continues to align with other NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers to jointly endorse the importance of HPV vaccination,” said Kim Rhoads, M.D., M.S., MPH, FACS, associate director of community engagement at Massey and professor of surgery in the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery. “Only a handful of cancers are truly preventable. Six of those preventable cancers are caused by HPV infection. Reducing HPV infection through vaccination will put our country on track to potentially eliminate these cancers.”

HPV vaccination is safe and works to prevent six types of cancer (oropharyngeal, cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar and penile). Recently released National Immunization Survey (NIS)-Teen data show no gains in HPV vaccination over the last few years, indicating an urgent need to ensure children today are protected against HPV-related cancers they may develop later in life. 

Nearly 80 million Americans – one out of every four people – are infected with HPV. Of those millions, more than 40,000 will be diagnosed with HPV-related cancers this year, and hundreds of thousands more with pre-cancers caused by HPV. Despite those staggering figures and the availability of a vaccine to prevent HPV infections, HPV vaccination coverage remains significantly lower than other recommended vaccines for teens in the U.S. 

To ensure protection against HPV-related cancers and move closer to the elimination of these disease types, starting with cervical cancer as a public health concern in the U.S., HPV vaccination is essential.

“Cervical cancer is almost entirely preventable,” said Jaclyn Wall, M.D., gynecologic oncologist at Massey. “Almost all cervical cancer is driven by HPV, and it can be prevented by the HPV vaccine. The HPV vaccine should be given to adolescents when they're around their early middle school years. Studies have been done that show the eradication of HPV-caused cervical cancers in patients who are adequately vaccinated.”

The call to action comes during the back-to-school period, a time during which most children ages nine to 12 are vaccinated against HPV, and also during Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about gynecologic cancers such as cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, caused by HPV. Massey and the fellow organizations advocating for HPV vaccination collectively encourage the following actions:

  • Health care systems’ staff and providers should immediately identify and contact parents and caregivers of age-eligible children who are due for HPV vaccination, and encourage them to complete vaccinations.

  • Parents and caregivers should have their age-eligible children vaccinated as soon as possible. A list of recommended vaccines is available on the CDC website and American Academy of Pediatrics website.

  • Talk with family members and friends about HPV vaccination. Share the facts about HPV vaccination as cancer prevention.

  • Learn more about HPV vaccination from the CDCAmerican Cancer Society (ACS)ACS National HPV Vaccination Roundtable, and AAP.

Sixty-two NCI-Designated Cancer Centers with leading national organizations and the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center endorse this statement and share the goal of sending a powerful message about the importance of HPV vaccination for the prevention of HPV-related cancers. HPV vaccination is safe, effective and provides long-lasting protection against HPV-related cancers and other conditions associated with HPV. 

List of NCI-Designated Cancer Centers Endorsing Statement

  • Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute

  • Case Western Reserve University Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center

  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  • Dartmouth Cancer Center

  • Duke Cancer Institute

  • Fox Chase Cancer Center

  • Fred Hutch/University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Cancer Consortium

  • Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center

  • Jefferson Health Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Masonic Cancer Center

  • Mays Cancer Center at The University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center

  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  • Moffitt Cancer Center

  • MUSC Hollings Cancer Center

  • NYU Langone’s Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center

  • O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute

  • Purdue Institute for Cancer Research

  • Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University

  • Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Rutgers Cancer Institute

  • Salk Cancer Center

  • Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

  • St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

  • Stanford Cancer Institute

  • Stephenson Cancer Center

  • The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center

  • The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute

  • The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

  • The Wistar Institute Cancer Center

  • UC Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center

  • UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UK Markey Cancer Center

  • UM Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • University of Arizona Cancer Center

  • University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • University of Colorado Cancer Center

  • University of Hawaii Cancer Center

  • University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • University of Kansas Cancer Center

  • University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  • University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute

  • UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UPMC Hillman Cancer Center

  • USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UT Southwestern Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • UW Carbone Cancer Center

  • VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center

  • Wilmot Cancer Institute

  • Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University

  • Yale Cancer Center

List of National Organizations Endorsing Statement

  • American Association for Cancer Research

  • American Cancer Society

  • American Society of Clinical Oncology

  • American Society of Preventive Oncology

  • Association of American Cancer Institutes

  • Cervivor

  • Prevent Cancer Foundation

The University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center has also endorsed this statement. 

 

School provision of universal free meals and blood pressure outcomes among youths




JAMA Network Open




About The Study:

 This cohort study of schools matched to child and adolescent patient medical records from a large network of community health organizations found that school participation in the Community Eligibility Provision was associated with a net reduction in blood pressure outcomes. These findings add to mounting evidence that universal free school meals may be associated with improved child health.


Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Anna M. Localio, PhD, MPH, email alocalio@uw.edu.

To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.33186)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article 

 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.33186?guestAccessKey=1b34668e-afe8-4888-aa3d-dd05b3b83eff&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=092525

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

New survey reveals that in response to high beef prices, 60% of shoppers are buying less beef or rejecting beef altogether



If beef prices continue to rise, 72% of consumers will consider buying less beef




Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine





WASHINGTON—A new survey by Morning Consult and the nonprofit Physicians Committee finds that in response to current high beef prices, 60% of shoppers are buying less beef or skipping buying beef altogether.

If beef prices continue to rise, as currently predicted, 72% of consumers will consider buying less beef.  The Physicians Committee is a nonprofit health advocacy organization with 17,000 physician members nationwide.

What will people buy instead? According to the new survey, young people who are members of Generation Z are leading the way with 52% who would strongly consider or somewhat consider buying plant-based protein instead of beef. Millennials and baby boomers are less likely to make this choice.

Future trends in food purchases are predicted by these findings relating to young shoppers choosing plant-based proteins. Members of Generation Z will probably experience the many health benefits of following a plant-based diet as they journey through life.

“From a health perspective, cutting back or entirely avoiding beef is a positive trend,” says Anna Herby, DHSc, RD, CDE, nutrition education specialist For the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.  “And it makes sense for the family budget to choose plant-based proteins like black bean burgers, lentil soup, and portobello mushroom steaks.”

Shoppers who choose plant-based meals, can cut food costs by 19%, when compared with a standard American diet, according to research published in JAMA Network Open.

recent study with 22 pairs of identical twins found that a plant-based diet improves heart health in as little as eight weeks. The twins following a plant-based diet experienced lower LDL, or “bad” cholesterol, and they lost more weight than the omnivore twins. The twin study adds to numerous other published scientific studies showing that a plant-based diet can help you maintain a healthy weightlower blood pressureimprove heart health, and

reduce your risk of diabetes among other benefits.

Many healthful sources of protein like beans and mushrooms are affordable and popular with consumers. A study published in the journal Current Nutrition Reports finds that mushroom protein is of high quality in terms of complete essential amino acids. For farmers, mushrooms can produce high yields in a short amount of time, and for home cooks, they are an affordable source of high-quality protein.

"You can still have your favorite flavors and cuisines. Think about what you enjoy eating, then look for plant-based substitutions," says Vanita Rahman, MD, in an interview with the  Washington Post. Dr. Rahman is the clinic director at the Barnard Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

Founded in 1985, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is a nonprofit organization that promotes preventive medicine, conducts clinical research, and encourages higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in education and research.

While it may go unnoticed, loss of smell may linger for years after COVID-19



NYU Langone Health / NYU Grossman School of Medicine








People who suspect that their sense of smell has been dulled after a bout of COVID-19 are likely correct, a new study using an objective, 40-odor test shows. Even those who do not notice any olfactory issues may be impaired.

Led by the National Institutes of Health’s RECOVER initiative and supported by its Clinical Science Core at NYU Langone Health, a team of researchers from across the country explored a link between the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 and hyposmia — the reduced ability to smell.

The results revealed that 80% of participants who reported a change in their smelling ability after having COVID-19 earned low scores on a clinical scent-detection test taken about two years later. Of this group, 23% were severely impaired or had entirely lost their sense of smell.

Notably, 66% of infected participants who did not notice any smelling issues scored abnormally low on the evaluation as well, the authors say.

“Our findings confirm that those with a history of COVID-19 may be especially at risk for a weakened sense of smell, an issue that is already underrecognized among the general population,” said study co-lead author Leora Horwitz, MD.

Horwitz, a professor in the Departments of Population Health and Medicine at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, adds that 60% of uninfected participants who did not report olfactory problems also tested poorly during the clinical evaluation.

Hyposmia has long been connected to weight loss, reduced quality of life, and depression, among other concerns. Those with a diminished sense of smell may also struggle to detect dangers such as spoiled food, gas leaks, and smoke, experts say. In addition, scientists have flagged smelling dysfunction as an early sign of certain neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, which can affect the brain’s scent-processing region.
    
While past research has identified hyposmia as a symptom of coronavirus infection, most of these studies have relied on patients’ own assessments of their smelling ability. Such subjective measures are not always reliable and cannot effectively track the problem’s severity and persistence, notes Horwitz.

The new study in 3,535 men and women, publishing online Sept. 25 in the journal JAMA Network Open, is the largest to date to examine loss of smell after COVID-19 by using a formal test, the authors say.

Along with Horwitz, Jacqueline Becker, PhD at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York is co-lead author. Hassan Ashktorab, PhD, at Howard University in Washington, D.C.; Andrea Foulkes, ScD, at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston; and Joyce Lee-Iannotti, MD, at the University of Arizona in Phoenix, are study co-senior authors.

For the investigation, the research team assessed thousands of Americans who had participated in the RECOVER adult study, a multicenter analysis designed to shed light on the long-term health effects of the coronavirus. Throughout the study, those with and without a history of COVID-19 completed surveys about their symptoms every 90 days from October 2021 through June 2025.

To measure olfactory function, the team used a clinical tool: the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). In this scratch-and-sniff evaluation, which is considered the gold standard of its kind, participants were asked to identify 40 scents by selecting the right multiple-choice option for each odor. A correct answer earned one point, and the total UPSIT score was compared with a database of thousands of healthy volunteers of the same sex and as. Based on the results, smelling ability was characterized as normal, mildly impaired, moderately impaired, severely impaired, or lost altogether.

“These results suggest that health care providers should consider testing for loss of smell as a routine part of post-COVID care,” said Horwitz. “While patients may not notice right away, a dulled nose can have a profound impact on their mental and physical well-being.”

Experts are now exploring ways to restore smelling ability after having COVID-19, such as vitamin A supplementation and olfactory training to “rewire” the brain’s response to odors. Having a deeper understanding of how the coronavirus affects the brain’s sensory and cognitive systems may help refine these therapies, notes Horwitz.

Horwitz cautions that the study team did not directly assess loss of taste, which often accompanies problems with smell. In addition, it is possible that some uninfected participants were misclassified due to the lack of universal testing for the virus. This may help explain the surprisingly high rate of hyposmia identified in those without a supposed history of COVID-19, she says.   

Funding for the study was provided by National Institutes of Health grants R01HL162373, U01DC019579, OT2HL161847, OT2HL161841, and OT2HL156812.

Other NYU Langone researchers involved in the study are Gabrielle Maranga, MPH, and Jennifer Frontera, MD.

Other study authors are Alexander Charney, MD, PhD, and Juan Wisnivesky, MD, DrPH, at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Weixing Huang, MSPH, Mark Albers, MD, PhD, and Christina Sorochinsky at Massachusetts General Hospital; Dara Adams, M.D., and Jerry Krishnan, MD, PhD, at the University of Illinois Chicago; Sarah Donohue, PhD, MPH, at the University of Illinois in Peoria; Mirna Ayache, MD, Brian D’Anza, MD, and Grace McComsey, MD, at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio; Jasmine Berry, MPH, Tiffany Walker, MD, and Zanthia Wiley, MD, at Emory University in Atlanta; and Hassan Brim, PhD, and Adeyinka Laiyemo, MD, at Howard University.

Additional study authors are Tanner Bryan, MS, at Denver Health in Colorado; Robert Clark, MD, Mark Goldberg, MD, and Thomas Patterson, MD, at the University of Texas at San Antonio; Melissa Cortez, DO, and Torri Metz, MD, at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City; Nathaniel Erdmann, MD, PhD, Valerie Flaherman, MD, MPH; and Emily Levitan, ScD, at the University of Alabama at Birmingham; Tamara Fong, MD, PhD; at Harvard Medical School in Boston; Jason Goldman, MD, MPH, at Providence Swedish Medical Center in Seattle; Michelle Harkins, MD, at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque; Sally Hodder, MD, at West Virginia University in Morgantown; Vanessa Jacoby, MD, John Daniel Kelly, MD, Jeffrey Martin, MD, MPH; Megumi Okumura, MD; and Michael Peluso, MD, at the University of California San Francisco; Prasanna Jagannathan, MD, Xiaolin Jia, MD, and Andre Kumar, MD, at Stanford University in California; Kathryn McCaffrey, MD, and Helen Nguyen, DO, at the University of Washington in Seattle; Ganesh Murthy, MD, at the University of Arizona in Phoenix; Sairam Parthasarathy, MD, at the University of Arizona in Tucson; Samuel Parry, MD, at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia; and Samantha Wiegand, MD, at Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton, Ohio.

Other study collaborators are RECOVER community health advocates Teresa Akintonwa, MA, and Maxwell Hornig-Rohan; and Hannah Davis at the Patient-Led Research Collaborative in New York City.

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About NYU Langone Health
NYU Langone Health is a fully integrated health system that consistently achieves the best patient outcomes through a rigorous focus on quality that has resulted in some of the lowest mortality rates in the nation. Vizient, Inc. has ranked NYU Langone No. 1 out of 118 comprehensive academic medical centers across the nation for four years in a row, and U.S. News & World Report recently ranked four of its clinical specialties number one in the nation. NYU Langone offers a comprehensive range of medical services with one high standard of care across seven inpatient locations, its Perlmutter Cancer Center, and more than 320 outpatient locations in the New York area and Florida. With $14.2 billion in revenue this year, the system also includes two tuition-free medical schools, in Manhattan and on Long Island, and a vast research enterprise.