Scientists: the beautiful game is a silver bullet for global health

Danish researchers, in collaboration with the Danish Football Association, have released a White Paper that describes football as an effective recipe in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases.

University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences

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Learn how Football is Medicine is shaping global health promotion and discover its social benefits.

In this short lecture, Professor Peter Krustrup explains the 20-year journey of research on recreational football as a tool for prevention and treatment of diseases. Small-sided football games combine endurance, high-intensity interval, and strength training in a fun, social setting.

This evidence-based approach has shown football’s positive impact on non-communicable diseases like hypertension, pre-diabetes, and sarcopenia.

Read more about Football is Medicine here: https://www.sdu.dk/en/fim

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Credit: Karsen Prinds, University of Southern Denmark

Danish researchers, in collaboration with the Danish Football Association, have released a White Paper that describes football as an effective recipe in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases.

The White Paper entitled Football as Prevention and Treatment - A White Paper Focusing on 10 Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors – compiles and presents research and practical experience from over 20 years of implementing recreational football training in Denmark and several other countries.

The authors also provide best practice examples on how recreational football training can be used as a health promoting activity for untrained individuals across the lifespan.

Football as Hybrid Training for Global Health

"Football training is a great example of Exercise is Medicine because it is hybrid training that combines three types of training - endurance training, high-intensity interval training, and strength training – thereby making it an optimal way to improve musculoskeletal fitness, metabolic fitness, and cardiovascular fitness concomitantly," explains Professor Peter Krustrup.

"Our research demonstrates solid evidence that twice-weekly one-hour football training sessions are highly effective for improving aerobic fitness and heart health, and just as effective as pharmacological medication in lowering blood pressure, and a great tool for improving postural balance and bone strength, thereby preventing falls and fractures."

“Actually, considering the enormous popularity of football worldwide, it is fair to say that the beautiful game is a silver bullet for global health”, says Professor Krustrup. 

Football for Disease Prevention and Treatment

In the White Paper, a total of 25 researchers from 12 different research institutions, provide detailed insights into the use of football training for addressing high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, musculoskeletal disorders, obesity, high cholesterol, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and mental health challenges.

The White Paper consists of 80 pages, based on years of efforts to map and explain the field. It includes 10 chapters on different lifestyle diseases and their associated risk factors.

The publication also describes how this knowledge can be activated through evidence-based football concepts that can be implemented and scaled up through collaboration between researchers, sports organizations, hospitals, and healthcare professionals.

Football Training as a Playful Team Sport for Everybody

"Our research shows that recreational football is a playful, team-based activity that is fun, motivating, and social, and importantly, that the training effects are completely independent of technical skills and prior football experience." says Thomas Rostgaard Andersen, adjunct professor, and co-editor of the White Paper.

"Based on the conclusions in the White Paper, it is reasonable to suggest that healthcare systems could beneficially prescribe football not only as a preventive measure and an initial treatment for cardiovascular diseases, pre-diabetes, and osteoporosis, but also as an essential component of rehabilitation for prostate cancer patients and breast cancer survivors," says Andersen, and continues,

“One of the studies featured in the White Paper, involving a group of prostate cancer patients playing football over a 1-year period, showed 40% fewer hospital admissions compared to a control group of physically inactive patients in the same age group”.

Scalable to Make a Global Impact

The positive effects of recreational football as a training method for patient groups have the potential to impact healthcare providers worldwide.

The Danish Football Association (DBU) has repeatedly invested resources in development collaborations with researchers. This partnership has led to the creation of several projects and initiatives where recreational football concepts have helped various populations improve health and well-being, including:

• Football Fitness – using recreational football for the prevention of lifestyle diseases
• Football for the Heart – using recreational football to address cardiovascular diseases
• FC Prostate – integrating recreational football into the rehabilitation of men undergoing anti-hormonal treatment for prostate cancer
• 11 for Health – using recreational football to enhance physical fitness, well-being and learning among school children

"These evidence-based training concepts have great potential for international scaling and expansion, and we would be delighted if Danish-developed training concepts could contribute to improving health and well-being in other parts of the world," says Erik Brøgger Rasmussen, Director of the Danish Football Association. The researchers have ambitions for further investigations and large-scale implementation.

Research on and implementation of 'Football Fitness' and '11 for Health' are supported by the Nordea Foundation. '11 for Health’ also received funding from FIFA. 'Football Fitness,' 'FC Prostate,' and 'Football for the Heart' are supported by TrygFonden; 'Football for the Heart' is supported by The Danish Heart Foundation, and 'FC Prostate' is supported by PROPA Denmark.

A Recipe for Modern Health Promotion

Recreational football can be described as a blueprint for a new approach to using physical activity for health promotion—an exercise form that serves as both an effective training tool and a means of promoting well-being and social interaction.

This concept is encapsulated in the holistic Football is Medicine model, which was fully introduced with the launch of the international Football is Medicine platform in 2018 under the slogan: Football is Medicine – it is time for patients to play!

The Football is Medicine model provides an educational explanation of the field and can be seen in this short film: [INSERT LINK to the video uploaded to EurekAlert].

The FIM researchers are currently examining football training as an alternative to pharmacological treatment of osteopenia, sarcopenia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and to what extent football can slow biological aging. Moreover, they are examining whether with low-to-moderate intensity walking football can be used as an alternative to recreational football, especially for frail participant groups.

The Football is Medicine platform hosts annual conferences and currently has around 300 active members from 25 countries, along with a steering group of 23 members from 16 countries. The 8th annual Football is Medicine conference will be held in Funchal, Madeira, from 21-24 January 2026.

Elderly women during soccer training in Denmark. The players are part of a group of 65 women who train weekly year-round, gaining numerous health benefits.

Credit

Gregers Tycho

Players from an 'FC Prostata' football team in Denmark. The team consists entirely of men affected by prostate cancer who play football as part of their recovery from the disease.

Credit

Bo Kousgaard

The editors behind the White Paper entitled 'Football as Prevention and Treatment - A White Paper Focusing on 10 Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factor'. Left to right: Thomas Rostgaard Andersen (assistant professor, SDU), Søren Bennike (head of research, Danish Football Association), Peter Krustrup (professor, SDU).

Credit

University of Southern Denmark (SDU)

Further Information

The White Paper title:

Football as Prevention and Treatment - A White Paper Focusing on 10 Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors. Bennike S., Andersen TR., Krustrup P. (eds.). Danish Football Association & University of Southern Denmark, 2024.

Read more and download the White Paper here: https://www.sdu.dk/en/fim

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COI Statement

The publication is made by researchers from 15 institutions and published in corporation between the University of Southern Denmark and the Danish Football Association (DBU). The funding bodies have supported some of the football concepts described in the report but not the publication itself.

 

Developing a potential new treatment for chronic PTSD: Ketamine combined with written exposure therapy

A free webinar from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation

Brain & Behavior Research Foundation

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Adriana Feder, M.D.

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Credit: BBRF

The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (BBRF) invites the public to a free webinar, “Developing a Potential New Treatment for Chronic PTSD: Ketamine Combined with Written Exposure Therapy” on Tuesday, April 8, 2025, at 2:00 pm ET. Adriana Feder, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai will be the guest speaker, and the session will be hosted by Jeffrey Borenstein, M.D., President & CEO of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation and host of the Emmy® nominated television series Healthy Minds.

Register Now to hear Dr. Feder’s latest research advancements on PTSD treatments.

Individuals with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) need effective and tolerable treatments, especially those with more severe and persistent symptoms.

Dr. Feder's research focuses on the development of novel treatment interventions for PTSD and related disorders. Her research significantly contributed to the development of ketamine as a treatment for PTSD.

In this webinar, Dr. Feder will present results of the first open-label clinical trial combining a course of repeated ketamine infusions with a brief, evidence-based psychotherapy for PTSD called written exposure therapy (WET). This pilot trial will be explained in the context of prior ketamine studies for PTSD.

About Brain & Behavior Research Foundation 
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (BBRF) awards research grants to develop improved treatments, cures, and methods of prevention for mental illness. These illnesses include addiction, ADHD, anxiety, autism, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, eating disorders, OCD, PTSD, and schizophrenia, as well as research on suicide prevention. Since 1987, the Foundation has awarded more than $462 million to fund more than 5,600 leading scientists around the world. 100% of every dollar donated for research is invested in research. BBRF operating expenses are covered by separate foundation grants. BBRF is the producer of the Emmy® nominated public television series Healthy Minds with Dr. Jeffrey Borenstein, which aims to remove the stigma of mental illness and demonstrate that with help, there is hope.

 

“Is that my career over?”: Reflections of elite athletes during pregnancy

King's College London

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Elite athletes have shared their worries about their sports career after pregnancy.

Eleven female athletes took part in the qualitative study, published recently in the journal Sports Medicine, and described their experiences in the UK as they navigated pregnancy to researchers at King’s College London.

They also raised issues about the lack of guidance for nutrition and training that complimented their athletic ambition.

First author Cat Caro from King’s College London said: “Sport is a powerful platform for empowering female athletes. As an increasing number of women are balancing elite competition with pregnancy, we must continue to challenge outdated norms, bridge policy gaps, and champion a culture where motherhood and athletic excellence can coexist.”

Participants of the study said pregnancy or family planning was often reliant on timing around key competitions such as the Olympics. One female athlete said she was focused on trying to make the Olympics and when the competition was delayed, her pregnancy plans were also delayed.

They were worried their career was over when they got pregnant and were reluctant to disclose their pregnancy to coaches, support staff and teammates in fear they would be cut from the team and risk their financial position.

Athletes also raised concerns about their ability to conceive due to menstrual cycle irregularities and hormonal imbalances. They reported uncertainty about the impact of training on the health of their pregnancy and child development, which typically lead to a reduction in their training intensity, volume and duration. They said they felt they were not taken seriously when discussing a return to sport and there was varied structural support during pregnancy.

Another issue was around specific advice for nutrition to support their training needs. Athletes found little support was provided around nutritional advice and they struggled to find anti-doping approved folic acid supplements, which are key during pregnancy.

Athletes also found support networks among the sporting community to help reduce fear, doubt and guilt, but stronger networks were needed.

This research was conducted prior to the update of the 2023 UK Sport Pregnancy Guidelines and preliminary findings informed aspects of the update, particularly around the lack of nutrition advice and anti-doping approved folic acid supplement. This research suggests that gaps exist, however further research would need to be conducted to determine if changes from those specific guidelines have yet to be felt.

Senior author Dr Fiona Lavelle from King’s College London said: "Women's Health is a historically neglected research area, coupled with the Sex Data Gap in Sport and Exercise research, female athletes of all levels are a particularly vulnerable group especially in relation to sex-specific health matters. Theoretically, elite athletes have the highest level of support. If these athletes are not sufficiently supported to continue engaging in sport during and/or post pregnancy, how can we expect other athletes or even recreationally active individuals to be able to continue. The support and narrative needs to be changed to encourage continuation."

 

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Journal

Sports Medicine

Article Title

The Translation of Policy to Person: A Qualitative Analysis of Elite Athletes' Perceptions of Pregnancy in the United Kingdom

 

Plant doctor: An AI system that watches over urban trees without touching a leaf

Researchers combine machine vision and segmentation techniques into a tool to monitor urban plant health at the individual leaf level

Waseda University

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This novel system combines machine vision and artificial intelligence to automatically assess the health of individual leaves, serving as a valuable tool for urban greenery monitoring.

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Credit: Mr. Marc Josep Montagut Marques from Waseda University

Urban trees and plants do more than just beautify city landscapes. They purify the air, reduce urban heat islands, provide recreational spaces, and even boost property values. As essential components of sustainable urban ecosystems, plants silently contribute to our well-being. However, urban trees face many threats, including pests, diseases, and climate change, making it essential to keep their health in check.

Urban greenery monitoring has traditionally been a very labor-intensive process, requiring botanical expertise and considerable resources. With cities expanding worldwide and urban environments becoming more complex, keeping track of plant health has also become more difficult. Could artificial intelligence (AI) hold the key to addressing this challenge?

In a recent study, a joint research team led by Professor Umezu's Laboratory from the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience at Waseda University and Professor Shiojiri's Laboratory from the Faculty of Agriculture at Ryukoku University developed an innovative AI-driven solution for monitoring plant health. Their paper was published online in the journal Measurement on February 22, 2025, and will be published in Volume 249, on May 31, 2025. This study introduces ‘Plant Doctor,’ a hybrid AI system that automatically diagnoses urban tree health through video footage captured by ordinary cameras. “Machine vision techniques such as segmentation have great applications in the medical field. We wanted to extrapolate this technology to other areas, such as plant health,” says first author Marques, explaining their motivation.

Plant Doctor combines two cutting-edge machine vision algorithms—YOLOv8 and DeepSORT—to identify and track individual leaves across video frames. The goal of these algorithms is to ensure that only the best images for each leaf are selected for further processing. Then, a third algorithm, called DeepLabV3Plus, performs detailed image segmentation to precisely quantify leaf damage. The proposed system can automatically detect diseased areas on individual leaves, such as spots caused by bacteria, pests, and fungi.

One of the most attractive aspects of this approach is its scalability and cost efficiency. The system can process video footage collected by cameras mounted not only on drones but also on city maintenance vehicles like garbage trucks, turning routine services into opportunities to gather data without investing substantial resources. Moreover, by using images rather than actual branches and leaves, Plant Doctor minimizes stress on city plants. “We have provided a tool for botanical experts to assess plant health in one solution without the need to gather samples and damage the plants in the process,” remarks Marques. The research team validated the proposed system using footage of urban plants in Tokyo, obtaining favorable results and remarkably accurate leaf health diagnoses across various urban flora.

By combining plant health data with accurate location information, Plant Doctor enables both a micro-level analysis of individual plants and macro-level insights into disease patterns across urban areas. Worth noting, beyond urban applications, Plant Doctor could also be adapted for agricultural use, helping farmers monitor crop health and identify diseases before they spread.

Overall, the proposed technology represents a significant step toward more sustainable urban and rural plant health monitoring, allowing botanical experts to focus more on strategic interventions rather than routine monitoring. Let us hope these efforts lead to cities and fields with healthier plants!

 

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Reference

DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117094 

 

 

Authors: Marc Josep Montagut Marques1, Liu Mingxin2, Kuri Thomas Shiojiri3, Tomika Hagiwara4, Kayo Hirose5, Kaori Shiojiri6, and Shinjiro Umezu1,7          

 

Affiliations

1Department of Integrative Bioengineering, Waseda University

2Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University

3Kyoto Prefecture Momoyama High School

4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University

5Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital

6Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku University

7Space neo Inc.

 

About Waseda University

Located in the heart of Tokyo, Waseda University is a leading private research university that has long been dedicated to academic excellence, innovative research, and civic engagement at both the local and global levels since 1882. The University has produced many changemakers in its history, including nine prime ministers and many leaders in business, science and technology, literature, sports, and film. Waseda has strong collaborations with overseas research institutions and is committed to advancing cutting-edge research and developing leaders who can contribute to the resolution of complex, global social issues. The University has set a target of achieving a zero-carbon campus by 2032, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015. 

To learn more about Waseda University, visit https://www.waseda.jp/top/en  

 

About Mr. Marc Josep Montagut Marques
Marc Josep Montagut Marques is a PhD student and currently working as a Laboratory Research Assistant at Waseda University. He currently specializes in perovskite solar cells, cyborg insects, and medical sensors; his previous line of research also included opto engineering, sensor integration, and nanofabrication.

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Journal

Measurement

DOI

10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117094 

Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

Not applicable

Article Title

Plant Doctor: A hybrid machine learning and image segmentation software to quantify plant damage in video footage

Article Publication Date

31-May-2025

COI Statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shinjiro Umezu reports financial support was provided by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

 

New antibiotic for multidrug resistant superbug

Researchers from the universities in Konstanz and Vienna discover a new class of antibiotic that selectively targets Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium that causes gonorrhoea.

University of Konstanz

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In recent years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has repeatedly warned of the increase in microbes resistant to antibiotics. Especially multi-resistant bacteria threaten the global healthcare system and can deprive modern medicine of one of its most important curative tools. A team of researchers at the University of Konstanz and the University of Vienna, along with their collaboration partners, have now identified a highly effective substance that uses a new mechanism to target one particularly problematic pathogen. The astonishing findings of the research team led by Christof Hauck, professor of cell biology at the University of Konstanz, and Thomas Böttcher, professor of microbial biochemistry at the University of Vienna, have now been published in Nature Microbiology.

Last year, the WHO compiled a list of particularly problematic bacterial pathogens (Bacterial Priority Pathogens List). It names15 types of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and classifies them into categories such as "critical", "high" and "medium" priority. The WHO has called upon science and industry to focus their efforts on developing drugs that fight these microbes. One bacterium on the list is Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the microbe that causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea.

Superbug gonococci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also referred to as gonococcus, is a highly specialized type of bacteria only found in humans. The pathogen primarily colonizes mucous membranes in the genital tract and can be transmitted from person to person during unprotected sex. During birth, these pathogens can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her child, causing the baby's eyes to become infected. Especially before antibiotics were available, this was a common cause of blindness in newborns.

"Gonococci are notorious for quickly becoming resistant to antibiotics", says chemist Thomas Böttcher. This is because gonococci have the special ability to pick up genetic material from other microbes – including antibiotic resistance genes. Böttcher adds: "This is one of the reasons why gonococcal strains have recently emerged that are resistant to all antibiotics currently in use – such superbugs can no longer be treated with antibiotics."

Interdisciplinary research approach enables breakthrough
Hauck and Böttcher's teams have now been able to identify new substances from the group of alkyl quinolones (AQs) that are even effective against multidrug resistant gonococci. AQs are substances produced naturally by some bacteria to ward off other naturally occurring bacteria. Building on the idea that "the enemy of my enemy is my friend", the researchers recreated these natural substances in the lab and synthesized slightly modified variants. "One of these new AQ molecules actually did have a unique effect: The chemical compound was able to kill gonococci without having a negative impact on other microorganisms or human cells", says cell biologist Hauck. The team elucidated the nature of this astonishing effect using an interdisciplinary research approach that combines synthetic and organic chemistry with genetic and biochemical analyses as well as complex preclinical animal models.

It turns out that this novel antibiotic activates an existing "suicide" mechanism in gonococci. "From other microorganisms, we know about such self-destruction programmes based on toxin-antitoxin systems, and our AQ substance seems to precisely target this Achilles heel of gonococci", explains Ann-Kathrin Mix, first author of the study and a doctoral researcher in Hauck's team. The new antibiotic causes the breakdown of an antitoxin in gonococci, so that the toxin part is released and kills the bacteria. Importantly, the AQ substance can even eliminate multi-resistant gonococcal variants. However, since the respective toxin-antitoxin system is exclusive to gonococci, the antibiotic does not harm other bacteria.

Toxin-antitoxin systems are also present in other infectious microorganisms. The researchers thus expect that this type of treatment could be adapted for use against other bacterial pathogens. "The recently published findings open up a new and innovative way to fight pathogenic microbes before our arsenal of antibiotics is drained", Hauck concludes.

 

Key facts:

• Original publication: Mix, A.-K., Nguyen, T.H.N., Schuhmacher, T., Szamosvári, D., Muenzner, P., Haas, P., Heeb, L., Wami, H.T., Dobrindt, U., Delikkafa, Y.Ö., Mayer, T.U., Böttcher, T., Hauck, C.R. (2025) A quinolone N-oxide antibiotic selectively targets Neisseria gonorrhoeae via its toxin-antitoxin system. Nature Microbiology, LINK, DOI number: 10.1038/s41564-025-01968-y
• Research team led by Christof Hauck, professor of cell biology at the University of Konstanz, and Thomas Böttcher, professor of microbial biochemistry at the University of Vienna, discover a new class of antibiotics that selectively target Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium causing gonorrhoea. The new substances also work on multi-resistant variants of the pathogen.
• An interdisciplinary research approach combining synthetic and organic chemistry with genetic and biochemical analyses as well as complex preclinical animal models led to the discovery.
• First author Ann-Kathrin Mix is a doctoral researcher in the team led by Hauck

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Journal

Nature Microbiology

DOI

10.1038/s41564-025-01968-y 

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAler

 

Computer scientists build a faster, secure, energy-efficient blockchain system

“Bounce” uses satellites to ensure security, reduce energy consumption, achieve low response time, and is 100 times better throughput than the nearest competitor

New York University

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Blockchain technology was unveiled nearly 35 years ago, but it first became prominent more recently—in 2009, with the introduction of Bitcoin—giving this “digital ledger” an everyday, consumer purpose. However, while blockchains have been used for payments, digital contracts, and supply chains, blockchain systems still achieve a low transaction rate with high energy and transaction costs.

A team of New York University computer scientists has now developed an alternative approach to blockchain design, Bounce, that relies on satellites to determine the order of the blocks, where each block is a set of transactions. In the Bounce protocol, encodings of many blocks reach the satellite responsible for a time slot and that satellite orders these blocks and “bounces” them back. 

“The benefit of satellites is that they are hard to access, are secure against side-channel attacks, and their processing can be made tamper-resistant,” says Dennis Shasha, a professor of computer science at New York University’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the senior author of the research, which appears in the journal MDPI Network. “The Bounce protocol on the satellite computers is so simple, it can be burned into read-only memory, thus preventing software-injection attacks.”

“While real-world deployment may present some practical challenges,” adds Shasha, associate director of NYU Wireless, “Bounce provides a foundation for future research and development of high-performance, energy-efficient, globally accessible blockchain systems.” 

Bounce processes more than five million transactions every two seconds with transaction confirmation response time of between three and 10 seconds. Its throughput is thus 30 to 100 times greater than that of its nearest competitor, Solana, which is a state-of-the-art system that is known for its speed. 

The energy cost of Bounce is less than 1/10th of a joule per transaction. By contrast, Solana has an energy consumption of over 1,000 joules per transaction—one joule fuels one watt per second. Bitcoin, which achieves fewer than 100 transactions per second, has an energy consumption well over one million joules per transaction.

The Bounce blockchain protocol calls for a set of satellites that partition time slots—blockchain’s basic time units. Because the satellite for each slot orders the blocks it receives during that slot, the Bounce system completely avoids “forks.” A “fork” occurs when a blockchain splits into two or more separate chains, making it possible, for example, to buy different items with the same funds—an attack known as “double-spending.” 

The researchers conducted experiments to confirm the efficacy of the model using CloudLab, which is backed by the National Science Foundation’s Cloud Access program (1840761 A002). CloudLab allows researchers to build their own clouds in order to build and test the next generation of computing platforms. The earth-to-satellite communication times were done with the International Space Station.

The paper’s other authors were Xiaoteng Liu, an NYU undergraduate, and Taegyun Kim, an NYU graduate student at the time the first prototype was built and now a software engineer at Datadog. 

The study was supported by NYU Wireless, an academic research center at NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering that backs advances in wireless communications, sensing, networking, and devices.

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Journal

Network

DOI

10.3390/network5020009 

Method of Research

Computational simulation/modeling

Article Title

Bounce: A High Performance Satellite-Based Blockchain System