Wednesday, November 12, 2025

Dozens of Israeli settlers attack Palestinian villages in occupied West Bank


Dozens of masked Israeli settlers attacked two Palestinian villages in the occupied West Bank on Tuesday, torching vehicles and property before clashing with Israeli soldiers sent to stop the violence. These are among the latest surge of settler assaults that have intensified during the Gaza war.


Issued on: 12/11/2025 
By: FRANCE 24

Israeli security forces block Palestinians from accessing an area for harvesting olives in the West Bank village of Sa'ir near Hebron on October 23, 2025, as Israeli settlers stand in the background. © Leo Correa, AP

Dozens of masked Israeli settlers attacked a pair of Palestinian villages in the occupied West Bank on Tuesday, setting fire to vehicles and other property before clashing with Israeli soldiers sent to halt the rampage, Israeli and Palestinian officials said.

It was the latest in a series of attacks by young settlers in the West Bank.

Israeli police said four Israelis were arrested in what it described as “extremist violence", while the Israeli military said four Palestinians were wounded. Police and Israel’s Shin Bet internal security agency said they were investigating.

Videos on social media showed two charred trucks engulfed in flames, with a nearby building on fire. Settler violence has surged since the war in Gaza erupted two years ago – and has intensified in recent weeks as Palestinians harvest their olive trees in an annual ritual.

Earlier on Tuesday, tens of thousands of Israelis attended the funeral of an Israeli soldier whose remains had been held in Gaza for 11 years, overflowing and blocking surrounding streets as somber crowds stood with Israeli flags.

The burial of Lt. Hadar Goldin was a moment of closure for his family, which had travelled the world in a public campaign seeking his return. The huge turnout also reflected the significance for the broader public in Israel, where Goldin became a household name.

Hamas returned his remains on Sunday as part of the US-brokered ceasefire deal that began last month. The bodies of four hostages taken in the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, are still in Gaza.


The UN humanitarian office last week reported more Israeli settler attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank in October than in any other month since it began keeping records in 2006 – over 260 incidents in total.

Palestinians and human rights groups accuse the Israeli army and police of failing to halt attacks by settlers. Israel’s government is dominated by West Bank settlers, and the police force is overseen by Cabinet Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, a hardline settler leader.

In Tuesday’s incident, the army said soldiers initially responded to settler attacks in the villages of Beit Lid and Deir Sharaf. It said the settlers fled to a nearby industrial zone and attacked soldiers sent to the scene, damaging a military vehicle.

Palestinian official Muayyad Shaaban, who heads the government’s Commission against the Wall and Settlements, said the settlers set fire to four dairy trucks, farmland, tin shacks, and tents belonging to a Bedouin community.

He said the attacks were part of a campaign to drive Palestinians from their land and accused Israel of giving the settlers protection and immunity. He called for sanctions against groups that “sponsor and support the colonial settlement terrorism project.”

French President Emmanuel Macron denounced the attacks during his meeting with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in Paris on Tuesday, saying that “settler violence and the acceleration of settlement projects are reaching new heights, threatening the stability of the West Bank".

Displaced Palestinians in central Gaza said they continue to rely heavily on charity kitchens for their only daily meal, as soaring market prices and the lack of income leave them struggling.

Scores of people, most of them children, lined up with empty pots at a charity kitchen in Nuseirat refugee camp on Tuesday waiting to be served rice – the only food available that day.

“The rockets and planes stopped, but increasing living costs have been the hardest weapon used against us,” said Mohamed al-Naqlah, a displaced Palestinian.

On Tuesday, Gaza’s Health Ministry said the number of Palestinians killed in Gaza has risen to 69,182. Its count, generally considered by independent experts as reliable, does not distinguish between militants and civilians, but the ministry says more than half of those killed were women and children.

The latest war began with the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, when around 1,200 people – mostly civilians – were killed, and 251 people were kidnapped.

Cabinet Minister Ron Dermer, one of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s closest confidants, announced his resignation on Tuesday, citing family reasons.

In a letter, Dermer said he had promised his family to serve two years but extended his term by an additional year to deal with Iran’s nuclear programme and “to end the war in Gaza on Israel’s terms and bring our hostages home".

The US-born Dermer is a former Israeli ambassador to Washington. As strategic affairs minister, he served as Netanyahu’s envoy throughout the war in dealings with the United States and ceasefire negotiations.

Goldin was 23 when he was killed two hours after a ceasefire took effect in the 2014 war between Israel and Hamas. For years before the 2023 attack, posters with the faces of Goldin and Oron Shaul – another soldier whose body was abducted in the 2014 war – were displayed at intersections across Israel.

Israel’s military long ago determined that Goldin had been killed based on evidence found in the tunnel where his body was taken, including a blood-soaked shirt and prayer fringes. On Tuesday, it announced it had dismantled the tunnel shaft where his body was found. The military retrieved Shaul’s body in January.

Eulogies from Goldin’s siblings, parents, and former fiancée at his funeral never mentioned Netanyahu, who was prime minister when Goldin was kidnapped and for most of the years since. They thanked the Israeli military, including reserve soldiers, who tirelessly searched for Goldin’s body over the years.

Netanyahu did not attend the funeral, though Israel’s military chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Eyal Zamir, gave a eulogy on behalf of the military.

For years, Israel had four hostages in Gaza: Goldin, Shaul, and two Israelis with mental health conditions who had crossed into Gaza on their own and were held since 2014 and 2015. All four were returned in the past year.

(FRANCE 24 with AP)

Macron warns Israel over West Bank annexation during Abbas Paris visit

French President Emmanuel Macron warned on Tuesday that any Israeli plans for annexation in the West Bank would constitute a “red line” and would provoke a European reaction. He spoke as Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas visited Paris, one month into a fragile truce between Hamas and Israel, following two years of conflict triggered by the militant group’s attack on Israel on 7 October 2023.


Issued on: 12/11/2025 - RFI

French President Emmanuel Macron receives Palestinian Authority leader Mahmud Abbas in the Elysée Palace in Paris, 11 November 2025. © Y. SAFRONOV, RFI


Abbas, 89, is the longtime head of the Palestinian Authority, which exercises limited control over parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank, and is being considered to possibly assume governance in Gaza under the deal.

Macron, whose country in September recognised a Palestinian state, warned against any Israeli plans for annexation in the West Bank following an uptick in violence in the Palestinian territory.

"Plans for partial or total annexation, whether legal or de facto, constitute a red line to which we will respond strongly with our European partners," Macron said at a joint press conference with Abbas.

"The violence of the settlers and the acceleration of settlement projects are reaching new heights, threatening the stability of the West Bank and constitute violations of international law," the French president said.

An Israeli settler enters a house at the entrance of the Palestinian market in the old city of Hebron, which was reportedly confiscated the previous night by settlers, on September 3, 2025, in the divided city of Hebron in the occupied West Bank. Far-right Israeli ministers have in recent months openly called for Israel's annexation of the West Bank. Violence in the Palestinian territory has soared since the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack on Israel that triggered the Gaza war. AFP - HAZEM BADER


Violence in the West Bank has soared since the war in Gaza broke out in October 2023.

At least 1,002 Palestinians, including militants, have been killed in the West Bank by Israeli forces or settlers since the start of the war in Gaza, according to the Palestinian health ministry.

During the same period, 43 Israelis, including soldiers, have been killed in Palestinian attacks in the West Bank, according to official Israeli figures.
Constitutional committee

Following their meeting to discuss the next steps after the Gaza ceasefire, Macron and Abbas announced the creation of a joint committee "for the consolidation of the state of Palestine", the French leader said.

It "will contribute to the drafting of a new constitution, a draft of which President Abbas presented to me".

Abbas renewed his commitment to "reforms", including "holding presidential and parliamentary elections after the end of the war".

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni (not pictured) meet at Chigi Palace, in Rome, Italy, November 7, 2025. © Remo Casilli / Reuters


"We are nearing completion of a draft of the provisional constitution of the state of Palestine and the laws on elections and political parties," he added.

(With newswires)

Macron Warns Israel Against West Bank Annexation


France's President Emmanuel Macron with Palestinian
 President Mahmoud Abbas. 
Photo Credit: @EmmanuelMacron, X

November 12, 2025 
By Mansour Al-Maswari

(Al Bawaba) — French President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday warned that any Israeli annexation of occupied West Bank territories, whether “partial, total, or de facto” through settlement expansion, would cross a “red line,” vowing a “forceful” European response if such plans advance.

Speaking at a joint press conference with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at the Élysée Palace, Macron condemned what he described as “unprecedented levels” of settler violence and construction in the West Bank, saying they “threaten regional stability and violate international law.”

Macron hosted Abbas in Paris to discuss the implementation of a French-backed peace initiative following the Gaza ceasefire agreement reached on October 10, 2025, under U.S. President Donald Trump’s mediation.

The Élysée said the talks aimed to outline “security, governance, and reconstruction steps” for Gaza’s post-war phase, in coordination with Arab and international partners.

France officially recognized the State of Palestine in September during the UN General Assembly in New York, a move Macron framed as part of a broader European push to revive the two-state solution.

During their meeting, the two leaders announced the creation of a joint French-Palestinian committee to draft a constitution for the nascent state.

Abbas, for his part, reaffirmed his commitment to “reform the Palestinian Authority” and to hold long-delayed presidential and parliamentary elections “as soon as possible.”

Macron added that these elections are expected to take place “within a year after the transition to the second phase of the Gaza ceasefire,” which includes Hamas’s disarmament.

The French president’s remarks come as Washington prepares to submit a UN Security Council resolution endorsing Trump’s plan for Gaza, which envisions the deployment of an international stabilization force “very soon,” according to the U.S. president.


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Macron and Abbas announce panel to draft new Palestine constitution after Paris talks


Copyright AP Photo

By Euronews
Published on 11/11/2025 - 

The announcement comes after France joined Belgium, the UK, Portugal, Canada and Australia in formally recognising a Palestinian state in September.

President Emmanuel Macron has said France will form a “joint panel” with the Palestinian Authority to draw up a new constitution for Palestine.

Macron made the remarks after meeting with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in Paris.

"We decided together to establish a joint committee for the consolidation of the state of Palestine," Macron said, adding that it would "contribute to drawing up a new constitution, a draft of which president Abbas presented to me".

Abbas said he agreed "to the swift establishment of the constitutional committee".

Reforming the governing body is essential for a "democratic and sovereign Palestinian state, living in peace and security alongside Israel", the president’s office said prior to the talks.

The meeting comes a month into a fragile US-brokered truce between Israel and Hamas, following two years of devastating war in Gaza triggered by the militant group's incursion into southern Israel in 2023.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in Paris, 11 November, 2025 AP Photo

It also comes just weeks after France joined a raft of other, mostly western European, countries in recognising Palestinian statehood.

Abbas has headed the Palestinian Authority for 20 years, a body which has limited control over parts of the occupied West Bank.

The authority is being considered to take over the governance of Gaza as part of the ceasefire deal.

The two leaders also discussed Israeli plans for full annexation of the West Bank, which Macron called a "red line" for Paris.

"Plans for partial or total annexation, whether legal or de facto, constitute a red line to which we will respond strongly with our European partners," Macron said.

"The violence of the settlers and the acceleration of settlement projects are reaching new heights, threatening the stability of the West Bank and constitute violations of international law."

Brokered by US President Donald Trump, the ceasefire, which came into effect on 10 October, has been tested by Israeli air strikes and claims of Palestinian attacks on Israeli soldiers.

Trump said last week he expected an International Stabilisation Force tasked with monitoring the ceasefire to be on the ground in Gaza "very soon."

Palestinians walk through the destruction caused by the Israeli air and ground offensive in Sheikh Radwan neighbourhood of Gaza City, 11 November, 2025 AP Photo


Abbas 'manipulating France'

The visit sparked anger in Israel with the country's embassy in Paris accusing Abbas of "manipulating France" in a post on X.

The post slammed Abbas as a "Holocaust denier" whose popularity rating among Palestinians is "less than 15%."

The statement also claims that the Palestinian Authority uses part of the funds allocated by France and other European countries to "finance Abbas' lavish lifestyle (...) and pay terrorists on a 'Pay for Slay' basis."

Lebanese say Israel preventing post-war reconstruction

Msaileh (Lebanon) (AFP) – When engineer Tarek Mazraani started campaigning for the reconstruction of war-battered southern Lebanon, Israeli drones hovered ominously overhead -- their loudspeakers sometimes calling him out by name.


Issued on: 12/11/2025 - RFI

Israel says it is striking Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon to prevent the group from rebuilding its strength in breach of a ceasefire, but local people complain it is destroying civilian reconstruction efforts © MAHHMOUD ZAYYAT / AFP


Despite a ceasefire struck last November aiming to put an end to more than a year of fighting with Hezbollah, Israel has kept up near-daily strikes on Lebanon.

In addition to hitting alleged militants, it has recently also targeted bulldozers, excavators and prefabricated houses, often saying they were part of efforts to restore Hezbollah infrastructure.

The bombing has prevented tens of thousands of people from returning to their homes, and has made rebuilding heavily-damaged border villages -- like Mazraani's Hula -- almost impossible.

"For us, the war has not ended," Mazraani, 61, told AFP.

"We can't return to our villages, rebuild or even check on our homes."

In cash-strapped Lebanon, authorities have yet to begin reconstruction efforts, and have been hoping for international support, particularly from Gulf countries.

They have also blamed Israeli strikes for preventing efforts to rebuild, which the World Bank estimates could cost $11 billion.

Eager to go back home, Mazraani established the "Association of the Residents of Border Villages" to call for the return of displaced people and the start of reconstruction.

He even started making plans to rebuild homes he had previously designed.

But in October, Israeli drones flew over southern villages, broadcasting a message through loudspeakers.

They called out Mazraani by name and urged residents to expel him, implicitly accusing him of having ties with Hezbollah, which he denies.

Asked by AFP, the Israeli army would not say on what basis they accuse Mazraani of working with Hezbollah.

"They are bombing prefabricated houses, and not allowing anyone to get close to the border," said Mazraani, who has moved to Beirut for fear of Israel's threats.

"They are saying: no reconstruction before handing over the weapons," he added, referring to Israel's demand that Hezbollah disarm.
'Nothing military here'

Amnesty International has estimated that "more than 10,000 structures were heavily damaged or destroyed" between October of last year -- when Israel launched a ground offensive into southern Lebanon -- and late January.

It noted that much of the destruction followed the November 2024 truce that took effect after two months of open war.

Just last month, Israeli strikes destroyed more than 300 bulldozers and excavators in yards in the Msaileh area, one of which belonged to Ahmed Tabaja, 65.

Surrounded by burned-out machinery, his hands stained black, Tabaja said he hoped to repair just five of his 120 vehicles destroyed in the strikes -- a devastating loss amounting to five million dollars.

"Everyone knows there is nothing military here," he insisted.

The yards, located near the highway, are open and visible. "There is nothing to hide," he said.

In a nearby town, Hussein Kiniar, 32, said he couldn't believe his eyes as he surveyed the heavy machinery garage his father built 30 years ago.

He said Israel struck the family's yard twice: first during the war, and again in September after it was repaired.

The first strike cost five million dollars, and the second added another seven million in losses, he estimated.

"I watched everything burn right before my eyes," Kiniar said.

The Israeli army said that day it had targeted "a Hezbollah site in the Ansariyah area of southern Lebanon, which stored engineering vehicles intended to rebuild the terrorist organisation's capabilities and support its terrorist activity."

Kiniar denied that he or the site were linked to Hezbollah.

"We are a civilian business," he said.
Disarmament disagreements

In October, Israel killed two engineers working for a company sanctioned by the United States over alleged Hezbollah ties.

Under US pressure and fearing an escalation in strikes, the Lebanese government has moved to begin disarming Hezbollah, a plan the movement and its allies oppose.

But Israel accuses Beirut of acting too slowly and, despite the stipulation in the ceasefire that it withdraw, it maintains troops in five areas in southern Lebanon.

Hezbollah, meanwhile, insists Israel pull back, stop its attacks and allow reconstruction to begin before it can discuss the fate of its weapons.

In the aftermath of the 2006 war with Israel, Hezbollah spearheaded rebuilding in the south, with much of the effort financed by Iran.

But this time, the group's financial dealings have been under heightened scrutiny.

It has insisted the state should fund post-war reconstruction, and it has only paid compensation for its own associates' rent and repairs.

For three long seasons, olive grower Mohammed Rizk, 69, hasn't been able to cultivate his land.

He now lives with his son just outside the city of Nabatiyeh, having been forced out of his border village where his once-vibrant grove lies neglected.

"The war hasn't ended," he said. "It will only be over when we return home."

© 2025 AFP
Lebanon frees Hannibal Kadhafi, son of Libya’s ex-leader, held for a decade

The youngest son of former Libyan leader Muammar Kadhafi has been released from jail in Lebanon after nearly a decade in pre-trial detention for allegedly withholding information about a missing Lebanese cleric.



Issued on: 11/11/2025 -  RFI

Hannibal Kadhafi, son of former Libyan leader Muammar Kadhafi, in Tripoli, 30 June 2010. © Ismail Zitouny/Reuters file photo

Hannibal Kadhafi, who was abducted in 2015 by militants in Syria where he was living with his family in exile after his father was killed in Libya in 2011, was released on Monday, Lebanon's National News Agency said.

He was taken into custody by Lebanon, which accused him of withholding information about the fate of Lebanese Shiite Imam Moussa el-Sadr, who disappeared during an official trip to Libya in 1978.

Lebanon blamed his disappearances on Muammar Kadhafi.

Hannibal Kadhafi, who is 49, was only two years old at the time, old, and he never held a senior position in Libya as an adult.

Human rights organisations decried Kadhafi’s detention, and he went on hunger strike in 2023 in protest.

Libya formally requested his release then, citing the deterioration in his health that required hospitalisation.

Lebanon's judiciary last month ordered that he be freed and set bail at $11 million, which judicial authorities reduced to roughly $900,000 last week, after his lawyers objected to the amount.

The updated bail decision also lifted a travel ban on Gaddafi, and his French lawyer Laurent Bayon said he was released after the bail was paid.

"The bail was paid this morning," Bayon told the AFP news agency Monday. "Hannibal Kadhafi will finally be free. It's the end of a nightmare for him that lasted 10 years."

Bayon said his client was set to leave Lebanon for a "confidential" destination, adding that he holds a Libyan passport.

Kadhafi’s defence team reportedly also withdrew a case against the Lebanese state they had filed in Geneva last month over holding him without trial.

Libya's Tripoli-based Government National Unity expressed appreciation to Lebanon for Kadhafi’s release, which it said would reactivate diplomatic relations between the two countries" which had been strained by the cleric’s disappearance.

(with newswires)

 

Narwhals hit moorings—questioning safety assumptions of oceanographic monitoring in the Arctic



Researchers have recorded hundreds of incidents of narwhal interaction with underwater recording devices, suggesting passive monitoring is not as non-invasive as previously assumed.




Hokkaido University

A double-tusked narwhal harvested in the study area by Inughuit hunters and used for analysis, Inglefield Bredning Fjord, Northwest Greenland (Photo: E. A. Podolskiy, August 2023). 

image: 

A double-tusked narwhal harvested in the study area by Inughuit hunters and used for analysis, Inglefield Bredning Fjord, Northwest Greenland (Photo: E. A. Podolskiy, August 2023).

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Credit: E. A. Podolskiy, August 2023





Underwater passive acoustic recording is vital for researchers to monitor and study marine animals in their natural environment with minimal disturbance.

“Using passive acoustic monitoring to detect acoustically active animals helps to census biodiversity, understand animal behavior and habitat use, and reduce the negative impacts of human-made noise,” said Associate Professor Evgeny A. Podolskiy of the Arctic Research Center at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan. “For these reasons, scientists increasingly rely on passive acoustic monitoring to answer fundamental ecological questions and manage conservation.”

Endemic Arctic whales, the narwhals, however, seem to have developed a strong interest in underwater passive recording devices. Over the course of a two-year study in Greenland, narwhals repeatedly approached, scanned, and hit deep-sea hydrophones.

In a study published in Communications Biology, Podolskiy and colleagues from Hokkaido University and the National Institute of Polar Research analyzed data from Inglefield Bredning Fjord in northwest Greenland. They collaborated with local Inughuit hunters to deploy and retrieve three underwater acoustic recording devices to depths ranging from 190 m to 400 m.

The devices recorded sounds between August 2022 and May 2024, including those of narwhals repeatedly knocking and rubbing against them, of echolocation clicks, and of the foraging ‘buzz’ of narwhals, which got louder as they approached the devices.

Altogether, there were 247 incidents of narwhal hits in more than 4,000 hours of audio records. These hits were detected on the two deepest recording devices located 25 km apart. Given that the recordings were not continuous and had ~15 min pauses, the researchers estimated that the true number of narwhal hits on the two devices could have been as much as 484-613 over the two months of narwhal presence in the area, representing an average of 10-11 hits a day, mostly during daytime hours.

“Our results suggest that narwhals repeatedly dived to visit the moorings out of playful curiosity or, more likely, due to confusion with potential prey,” Dr. Podolskiy said.

The study included an analysis of the stomach contents of 16 narwhals, caught in the same area in August 2022 and 2023 by Inughuit hunters as part of their subsistence harvest. The analysis revealed that narwhal diet was primarily composed of cod, with smaller amounts of shrimp and squid. The team also found stones in the stomachs.

The researchers speculate that the narwhals might confuse the recording devices with cod or halibut near the seafloor, although they noted that narwhals might be able to distinguish fine differences in texture and density through echolocation, as other toothed whales.

They also noted that the devices sometimes picked up a prolonged ‘rubbing’ sound after the foraging buzz and hit, which they suggested could be the sound of the animal’s skin sliding past the microphone. “Though little is known about molting in narwhals, mooring rubbing could be the associated behavior,” they wrote.

“Inughuit hunters were not surprised by the discovered interaction: they are familiar with narwhal entanglement in unattended gear. They also believe that narwhals like to play and are told so by their parents, and joked that narwhals might scratch their backs, like cats. While this is possible, and other arctic whales are known to rub their bodies over rocks, it is unlikely due to the high energetic costs of deep diving,” Dr. Podolskiy said.

The findings raise questions about whether passive acoustic monitoring is actually as non-invasive as it’s thought to be. The paper demonstrates that narwhals are not deterred but rather attracted to scientific moorings, showing that the presence of these artificial devices can affect the behavior of this species. The authors suggest that short mooring lines might be a simple precaution to minimize inadvertent effects of observations indispensable for conservation and management.

“Understanding animals’ interaction with industrial and scientific infrastructure can help reduce impacts on wild animals and improve our ability to implement and interpret autonomous field observations,” Podolskiy said.

Sketch of a seafloor mooring in a glacial fjord at Inglefield Bredning, Northwest Greenland (from Podolskiy et al., 2025).

Credit

Podolskiy et al., 2025

A pod of narwhals swimming at Inglefield Bredning Fjord, Northwest Greenland (Photo by M. Ogawa, August 2024).

 

The silent threat to our planet that’s easily solved: Light pollution



Cranfield University

Dr Alice Johnston 

image: 

Dr Alice Johnston, Senior Lecturer in Environmental Data Science at Cranfield University, who led the research

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Credit: Cranfield University





New research has revealed for the first time the full extent of how Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) is increasing carbon released by plants and animals across continents – without any increase in the carbon they absorb. The result is reduced carbon storage in ecosystems – which has major implications for climate models and global carbon budgets.

Artificial light at night is reshaping carbon balance of whole ecosystems

Published in Nature Climate Change, the study from researchers at Cranfield University is the first to demonstrate how ALAN is silently reshaping the carbon balance of ecosystems across entire continents.

The research team found that light pollution at night increases ecosystem respiration - when plants, microbes, and animals release carbon dioxide through activity and growth - but that there was no corresponding increase in photosynthesis, the process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Conducted with data from satellite observations and 86 carbon flux monitoring sites across North America and Europe, the study reveals that the effects of ALAN scale up to alter continental patterns of carbon outputs and absorption, negatively affecting whole ecosystems.

“Light pollution is one of humanity’s most visible environmental changes, but its impacts are often hidden,” said Dr Alice Johnston, Senior Lecturer in Environmental Data Science at Cranfield University, who led the research. “This is a widespread issue that’s changing how ecosystems function, disrupting energy flows, animal behaviour, habitats and natural patterns. Put simply, brighter nights lead to greater carbon release, which is bad news for our planet.”

“Around a quarter of Earth’s land surface now experiences some level of artificial illumination at night,” said Jim Harris, Professor of Environmental Technology and co-author of the study. “Our findings suggest that this growing footprint could subtly but significantly shift the global carbon balance if left unaddressed.”

Climate models should include light pollution

Artificial light is one of the fastest-growing pollutants on the planet, increasing in radiance and extent across the land surface by around 2% each year. Yet it is not included in most climate models and global change assessments. The Cranfield team argues that it should now be considered alongside land-use and other climate drivers of carbon cycling.

Light pollution can be easily addressed, say experts

Importantly, unlike many other global climate stressors, light pollution is easily reversible.

“Unlike climate change, we could reduce light pollution almost overnight with better lighting design,” said Dr Johnston. “Adopting dimmable, directional, and spectrally sensitive lighting technologies is an immediate and achievable improvement.”

“Since lighting accounts for around 15% of global electricity use, and growing evidence links excessive nighttime light to negative effects on human health, tackling light pollution represents a rare win–win–win for the environment, energy efficiency, and wellbeing.”

The research paper Widespread influence of artificial light at night on ecosystem metabolism is published in Nature Climate Change. The study leveraged the FLUXNET2015 network of carbon flux towers and global nighttime light datasets, enabling the detection of subtle, large-scale patterns linking light intensity to carbon exchange. The work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [Grant NE/W003031/1].

ENDS