Tuesday, September 29, 2026

 

NSF supports groundbreaking research infrastructure to sequence Antarctic genomes from microbes to whales



Led by DRI’s Alison Murray, this research infrastructure and associated cyberinfrastructure platform will enable researchers to understand how Antarctic life has evolved and adapted to extreme conditions, while also seeding innovation in biotechnology 



Desert Research Institute

Project logo

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The Genome Infrastructure catalyzing next Generation Antarctic Data, Access, Tools, and Analytics (GIGA DATA) project logo

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Credit: Alison Murray/DRI






Reno, Nev. (September 29, 2026) – The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded DRI’s Alison Murray, molecular microbial ecologist and biological oceanographer, $18.4 million to lead a project that will pave the way for the next generation of Antarctic research. Titled “Genome Infrastructure catalyzing next Generation Antarctic Data, Access, Tools, and Analytics” (GIGA DATA), the work will produce an extensive database of genetic information. More than 250 Antarctic species’ genomes will be sequenced (including algae and mosses, terrestrial and marine invertebrates, birds, fish and marine mammals) alongside 600 ecosystem samples representing tens of thousands of microbial and viral genomic datasets. This project will unite these new data together with existing Antarctic sequencing efforts under a new, artificial intelligence-enabled cyberinfrastructure. The resulting digital platform will serve as an open, accessible data science gateway to Antarctic life.  

“This research infrastructure initiative will redefine evolutionary and Antarctic ecosystem science by uncovering the fundamental rules that shape life,” Murray said. “By providing a novel gateway to Antarctic genomic data at scale—spanning the diversity of Antarctic life—this initiative will fuel discovery, innovation, and cross-disciplinary application.” 

The Mission 

Antarctic organisms evolved to persist under extreme conditions lethal to most life on Earth: months of continuous light followed by darkness, subzero desiccating winds, and the isolation of subglacial lakes sealed for millennia. Their genomes represent an extraordinary frontier for discovery, containing the signatures of adaptations that have enabled life to persist in some of the planet’s most challenging environments.  

Exploring this genomic diversity will allow researchers to identify the genetic basis of resilience to extreme and rapidly changing conditions and reveal fundamental principles governing how organisms adapt to environmental change across daily, seasonal and evolutionary timescales. With high-quality genome maps currently unavailable for most Antarctic species, most taxonomic lineages are poorly understood at the genome level. Likewise, the vast diversity of Antarctic microorganisms—a reservoir of immense potential for biodiscovery, biotechnology and the bioeconomy— remains largely undescribed. The Antarctic GIGA DATA Mid-scale Research Infrastructure project addresses these gaps by positioning reference genomes and assembled metagenomes as foundational scientific infrastructure—enduring data resources that will catalyze new discoveries and stimulate research for generations to come. 

The Team 

Under Dr. Murray’s leadership, the research team, comprised with expertise in the latest developments in genome sequencing, bioinformatic cyberinfrastructure, Antarctic physiology, evolution, and ecosystem function, includes:  
 
Rachel O’Neill and Jill Wegrzyn at the University of Connecticut 
Patrick Chain and Bin Hu at New Mexico Consortium 
Allyson Hindle at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas  
Rauri Bowie at the University of California, Berkeley  
Arvind Varsani at Arizona State University 
Emily McDonald-Williams at DRI 

Training the next generation of researchers 

The project will train a next-generation workforce with vital skills in genomic data management, bioinformatics, machine learning, and computational engineering with broad relevance to science, medicine and industry. By utilizing a novel early-career project rotator program and two undergraduate training initiatives, the project will establish an extensive workforce training pipeline for 69 participants across early-career, graduate, and undergraduate tracks.  

More than three decades of Antarctic expertise

The project expands on Dr. Murray’s extensive experience researching Antarctic life, including a 2026 journey to the Antarctic Peninsula focused on polar ecology and a promising cancer-fighting agent. The expedition marked her 16th Antarctic field season. She and her team sent live updates along their expedition, including photos and videos from the field, that you can view in an engaging Storymap: Journey to Antarctica (https://www.dri.edu/journey-to-antarctica/). 

To learn more about Dr. Murray’s work, visit her lab’s website at https://www.dri.edu/alison-murray-research/. 

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Funding Acknowledgement: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 2535692. 

Disclaimer: Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 

More information: https://www.dri.edu/antarctic-giga-data 

Read a Q&A with Dr. Murray about her 2026 Antarctic expedition here: https://www.dri.edu/adventures-in-antarctica-a-qa-with-alison-murray/ 

 

About DRI 

We are Nevada’s scientific research institute, founded in 1959 to empower experts to focus on science that matters. We work with communities across the state — and the world — to address their most pressing scientific questions. We’re proud that our scientists continuously produce solutions that better human and environmental health.   

Scientists at DRI are encouraged to follow their research interests across the traditional boundaries of scientific fields, collaborating across DRI and with scientists worldwide. All faculty support their own research through grants, bringing in nearly $5 to the Nevada economy for every $1 of state funds received. With more than 600 scientists, engineers, students, and staff across our Reno and Las Vegas campuses, we conducted more than $59 million in sponsored research focused on improving peoples’ lives in 2025 alone. 

At DRI, science isn’t merely academic — it’s the key to future-proofing our communities and building a better world. For more information, please visit www.dri.edu

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Alison Murray (left) with artist Rebecca Adorno aboard the R/V Sikuliaq on an Antarctic expedition in March 2026.

Credit

Alison Murray/DRI


Whale

A whale seen from the R/V Sikuliaq during the 2026 Antarctic expedition. 

Credit

DRI




 

Study: Obscure 1967 guide for LSD use still relevant as psychedelics gain in popularity


Survey participants agree with 18 of 19 tips from Lisa Bieberman, largely unknown acolyte of acid guru Timothy Leary



University at Buffalo



BUFFALO, N.Y. ­—  As psychedelic drugs such as LSD gain new momentum as a therapeutic treatment for severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and even headaches, a University at Buffalo researcher is exploring safety education for recreational users.

Daniel Kruger, PhD, research associate professor in the School of Public Health and Health Professions, looked back more than half a century for best practices on harm reduction.

In the 1960s, when Harvard psychology lecturer and psychedelics proponent Timothy Leary was advising people to “turn on, tune in, and drop out,” a young Radcliffe College graduate was quietly focused on another aspect of hallucinogens — safety.

Lisa Bieberman, who had been a Leary follower, established the Psychedelic Information Center in Cambridge, Mass. In February 1967, she published the $1 pamphlet, “Session Games People Play: A Manual for the Use of LSD,” which recommended best practices for the use of all types of psychedelics, especially for first-timers. She also addressed what might go wrong during an LSD or psilocybin ("magic”) mushroom trip.

“Bieberman highlights a number of games that may be better avoided during a LSD session, such as running away from your companions and believing that you have unlocked the deepest truths of the universe and need to tell the world about them,” Kruger says. “She also recommended that users stay with people they like and trust, avoid going out in public, and clear their minds of negative emotions.”

He launched a study with Paul Gillis-Smith, program lead at the Center for the Study of World Religious Studies at Harvard Divinity School, in which they surveyed almost 600 self-identified psychedelic users. Their findings, which showed that participants agreed with 18 of 19 pieces of Bieberman’s advice, were published in the Aug. 12 edition of the journal Psychedelics.

Other authors on the study are affiliated with the Michigan Psychedelic Center at the University of Michigan; Blue Sage Health Consulting in Ann Arbor, Mich., the Michigan Psychedelic Society; and the Radical Well-Being Center in Southfield, Mich.

When Kruger discovered Bieberman’s pragmatic teachings, which differed from Leary’s esoteric rhetoric, such as “surrender to the void,” he wanted to see if they would hold up today. It’s a timely inquiry, considering that psychedelic use now exceeds that of the counterculture ‘60s, according to Kruger.

Today, these drugs are gaining new momentum through hundreds of clinical trials and legal pathways in states like Oregon and Colorado, Kruger says.

“The idea is to medicalize these psychedelics for psychiatric conditions such as severe PTSD and depression,” he adds. “There really hasn’t been any big innovations in mental health medications since the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were introduced in the 1980s, and they don’t work as well as we originally thought.”

Psychedelics have even been used to treat physical conditions such as cluster headaches, which are so painful that some sufferers have reported suicidal ideation.

“The clinical trials show people are getting better for a range of conditions,” he says. “Some report finding more meaning in life, having greater spiritual connections, and improving their relationships.”

While these trials may offer promise to millions of  people, Kruger notes that the majority of those experimenting with psychedelics are doing so outside of a regulated context and with little prevention education.

 “As a public health professional, I believe we need to protect these users,” he says. “When Lisa’s pamphlet was published, there were few resources for novice users. Although the term ‘harm reduction’ was decades from entering the vernacular of drug use education and safety, we propose that ‘Session Games’ and Bieberman’s larger collection of work are precursors to this approach.”

The anonymous survey participants, who were recruited via online advertisements and in-person outreach at a psychedelic advocacy event in Ann Arbor, Mich., reported using LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, mescaline, ayahuasca, ketamine, and MDMA (ecstasy/molly), primarily within the last year. They ranged in age from 18 to 85, with an average age of 43. Some identified as psychedelic guides or educators.

In regard to how to best prepare for a psychedelic experience, the majority of respondents agreed with the statements: “Be with people who know, like, and trust each other,” and “Be aware that, even with a guide, you have to do most of the work yourself.”

For overall advice, the strongest agreement was with the statements, “Recognize that the experience will eventually end,” and “Recognize that you may experience anxiety, which does not mean that something is wrong.”

Participants neither uniformly agreed nor disagreed with the advice to avoid looking in the mirror during a psychedelic trip, which over the decades has proven to be a scary experience for some users.

“Participants strongly endorsed advice emphasizing interpersonal trust, personal responsibility and psychological preparation – principles thought to be foundations to safe and meaningful psychedelic experiences in clinical research,” Kruger says.

Indeed psychedelics were considered a promising therapeutic tool in the mid-20th century when they used to treat such conditions as neurosis and schizophrenia, along with general psychotherapy. However, by the late 1960s, drugs became criminalized and psychedelic therapy waned.

While classic psychedelic drugs are still illegal in the United States, Colorado and Oregon have established state-regulated frameworks for supervised therapeutic use. New Mexico is not far behind, says Kruger, who predicts that more psychedelics-based medications will enter the marketplace in the not-too-distant future.

“It’s a freight train coming down the tracks,” he says. “So, we better have a train station to safely load passengers into this train or else they’re just going to try to jump on board while this train is moving.”

Kruger notes that the 2026 Psychedelic Community Survey is now available for anyone to take, regardless if they have experienced psychedelics. While all answers are anonymous, he recommends that participants take the survey on a private computer or device in a private location.

 

Wild crabapples have genetic potential to improve domestic varieties



Apple varieties have much to gain from traits found in their wild cousins




Washington University in St. Louis

Southern crabapples

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The Southern crabapples included in this study were grown in a greenhouse in the Gottschalk lab at the USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Station in West Virginia. 

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Credit: (Photo: Christopher Gottschalk)






By Maddy Frank

A bad apple doesn’t always ruin the bunch. In fact, it might make the bunch a little bit stronger. A new study published in Horticulture Research from Ben Mansfeld, an assistant professor of biology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, is providing apple breeders with a genomic resource that helps harness the power of humble crabapples.

The study examines the genetics of Malus angustifolia. This apple, also known as the Southern crabapple, is one of four native crabapple species in North America, and it’s filled with untapped genetic information. “These species are really not included in the history of the breeding and domestication of apples at all,” Mansfeld said. “They’re what we call a genetic treasure trove.”

Mansfeld is familiar with the potential waiting inside of these crabapples. Together with Christopher Gottschalk at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mansfeld already has assembled the genome of another North American native, the Pacific crabapple, and investigated its resistance to fire blight, a common and deadly bacterial disease.

But the Southern crabapple sits at a unique intersection. It is both remarkably resistant to fire blight and abiotic stressors. That means that it has evolved to thrive in conditions that commercial apple varieties struggle with, including high temperatures, drought and severe weather.

As climate change continues to increase the frequency of these less-than-ideal conditions, identifying genetic traits that can help crops adapt is becoming more important. This is especially true for perennial crops such as apples, which grow year after year from the same plant. “You’re not planting for next year,” Mansfeld explained. “You’re planning for the next 25 years.”

Historically, researchers have lacked the tools to fully understand the genetics associated with the Southern crabapple’s stress response. While a small collection of trees is housed at the USDA Apple Collection in Geneva, N.Y., there are not enough of them for proper genetic studies.

But Mansfeld’s colleague Gottshalk found a collection of crabapple seeds that had been stored for decades but previously overlooked. “It’s a valuable collection that’s never been sequenced before,” Mansfeld said. His new study — with collaborators including Gottschalk at the USDA and Zoë Migicovsky at the University of Acadia — changes that.

Together, the researchers generated a high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference genome for M. angustifolia, and then they sequenced the genomes of more than 150 additional wild apple samples from across the species’ native range using that discovered seed collection. The scientists then combined this genomic information with climate data from the locations where each sample originated.

This approach allowed Mansfeld and his team to search for genetic variants associated with environmental conditions like seasonal precipitation and temperature. In the end, they identified 242 DNA regions associated with these types of climatic factors.

Importantly, researchers looked for larger structural variants in the DNA in addition to single-nucleotide changes, also called SNPs. “We’re coming to understand that it’s not just single ‘letter’ mutations, but large changes in genomes that can contribute to traits,” Mansfeld said. “I was surprised by how amazingly diverse these apples are in their structural variation.”

This work ultimately could help apple breeders identify parts of the crabapple genome carrying useful traits that they can incorporate into their own apple varieties, either through gene editing or through development of rootstock varieties, where one species of apple is grafted onto the roots of a different variety.

The team also found out that there were diverse genetics in this new collection of trees that are not currently in the live USDA orchard collection. This includes important trees that originate from Missouri — a state that isn’t currently represented in that orchard collection.

In the future, the Mansfeld lab will continue its work on native North American crabapples and their unique resistance to fire blight, looking toward Malus coronaria and Malus ioensis. But future applications don’t just have to be about stress response or disease. Now that this genome has been assembled and all these new trees are sequenced, the data will be available for any researcher to use, no matter which traits they seek. Furthermore, the trees that represent missing diversity will be donated to the USDA collection to ensure better representation of these wild natives.

For Mansfeld, unlocking the secrets of apples starts with recognizing the value of these wild and native species. “They’re beautiful and amazing, but also incredible for our environment,” Mansfeld emphasized. “We want to maintain them, but they might have hidden secrets that will hopefully help us make the world a better place.”


Mansfeld BN, et al. New genomic resources and local adaptation GWAS in wild Malus angustifolia reveal genetic regions for enhancing abiotic resiliency in apple. Horticulture Research, 2026; uhag336, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag336

Mansfeld BN, Yocca A, Ou S, Harkess A, Burchard E, Gutierrez B, van Nocker S and Gottschalk C. (2023). A haplotype resolved chromosome-scale assembly of North American wild apple Malus fusca and comparative genomics of the fire blight Mfu10 locus. Plant J, 116: 989-1002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.16433

 

 

Tracking the fin whale and the sperm whale in the Mediterranean



A total of 707 scientific observations aboard ferries reveals how the distribution of the great marine giants in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic changes in just a few weeks



University of Barcelona

Tracking the fin whale and the sperm whale in the Mediterranean

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The Synoptic Ferry Observation Network (SYNFONY) project is an initiative for monitoring marine megafauna in the Mediterranean carried out with the support of ferry lines and shipping companies.

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Credit: SYNFONY project






Where are the great marine animals of the Mediterranean, such as the fin whale, the sperm whale or the bottlenose dolphin? How does their distribution change over the course of a few weeks? All indications suggest that these species shift between marine areas in a remarkably short time and over relatively small spatial scales. Some species, such as the striped dolphin, maintain a relatively stable presence in certain areas, while others, such as the fin whale, move and concentrate in different areas between one observation campaign to the next.

These are some of the main conclusions of the Synoptic Ferry Observation Network (SYNFONY) project, an initiative for monitoring marine megafauna in the Mediterranean carried out with the support of ferry lines and shipping companies. As part of the project, the Barcelona–Tanger–Barcelona route is coordinated by professors Odei Garcia-Garin and Manel Gazo of the Faculty of Biology and the Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) at the University of Barcelona. More than 20 volunteers have also taken part in the project, mainly students from the UB’s degree programmes in Biology, Marine Sciences and Environmental Sciences.

A total of 707 sightings of marine megafauna

Between June and July, three scientific campaigns recorded 707 observations of marine megafauna, mainly of the eight species of cetaceans commonly present in the Mediterranean: the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas). Two species of sea turtle were also recorded: the loggerhead seaturtle (Caretta caretta) and the green seaturtle (Chelonia mydas).

Observations were carried out along 19 fixed shipping routes in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic, which have provided a broad, simultaneous snapshot of the distribution of marine megafauna, particularly cetaceans and sea turtles. Thus, commercial ferries become genuine platforms for observing marine biodiversity: they use the routes they regularly sail to gather data on the presence and distribution of species.

A distribution that changes in a few weeks

One of the clearest examples is that of the striped dolphin: “During the first campaign it was observed more frequently and across a wider distribution area. In the third campaign, however, the sightings were much more spatially concentrated, especially on one of the routes in the Spanish corridor,” say experts Odei Garcia-Garin and Manel Gazo from the UB’s Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences.

The fin whale showed a relatively stable number of sightings across the three campaigns. However, its distribution along the different routes underwent considerable changes.

“Sea turtles also showed significant variability. The loggerhead turtle was the most frequently observed taxon across the entire monitoring period. However, the number of observations decreased from the first campaign to the subsequent ones, while changes in its distribution within the network of monitored routes were detected,” the experts note.

SYNFONY is being developed as part of the Fixed Line Transect Mediterranean Monitoring Network (FLT Med Net), coordinated by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), of which IRBio-UB has been a member for almost 10 years. This initiative draws on more than two decades of experience in collaboration with shipping companies.

Towards more dynamic risk management

Maritime traffic is one of the pressures that may overlap spatially and temporally with the presence of cetaceans and turtles. Data obtained by SYNFONY can contribute to developing new dynamic risk assessment models that integrate the presence of the species, the intensity of maritime traffic and environmental conditions within a single framework.

“The aim is to be able to identify more precisely which areas and which periods present a potential increased risk to marine megafauna and to advance towards a better understanding and management of the Mediterranean marine space,” the experts say.

“In this challenge, we must thank all the volunteers who, as observers on board, have made these campaigns possible, as well as the shipping companies and all the people and institutions who have contributed to the development of the project. Their participation and commitment is key in continuing to expand knowledge of Mediterranean marine biodiversity and advancing its conservation,” conclude Odei Garcia-Garin and Manel Gazo.


Tracking the fin whale and the sperm whale in the Mediterranean

A total of 707 scientific observations aboard ferries reveals how the distribution of the great marine giants in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic changes in just a few weeks.

Tracking the fin whale and the sperm whale in the Mediterranean

SYNFONY project has provided a broad, simultaneous snapshot of the distribution of marine megafauna, particularly cetaceans and sea turtles.


Tracking the fin whale and the sperm whale in the Mediterranean

Observations were carried out along 19 fixed shipping routes in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic.

Tracking the fin whale and the sperm whale in the Mediterranean

Commercial ferries become genuine platforms for observing marine biodiversity: they use the routes they regularly sail to gather data on the presence and distribution of species.

Credit

Manel Gazo, University of Barcelona




 

Researchers push toward improved care for women with dangerous pregnancy condition





Oregon State University
Magnetic hyperthermia

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Graphic depicts a magnetic hyperthermia nanomedicine approach for diagnosing and treating ectopic pregnancy. Credit: Parinaz Ghanbari.

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Credit: Credit: Parinaz Ghanbari.






PORTLAND, Ore. – A research team led by an Oregon State University scientist has demonstrated in a mouse model a potentially better way of caring for women facing the life-threatening condition of ectopic pregnancy.

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the lining of the uterus. Such pregnancies are non-viable and a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester.

The study, primarily funded by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, was published in the journal Biomaterials.

The research is important because 2% of all pregnancies in the United States, and between 1% and 2% worldwide, are ectopic, the authors note. In the U.S. alone that translates to approximately 100,000 ectopic pregnancies annually; over the past six years, about 30 women have died annually from ectopic pregnancies.

About 98% of ectopic implantations happen in the fallopian tubes, putting women at risk of hemorrhage and death. Complicating matters are a 10% misdiagnosis rate for the standard diagnostic tool, transvaginal ultrasound, and an even higher failure rate for the primary drug, methotrexate, used to end an ectopic pregnancy.

“Current strategies – attempted diagnosis via ultrasound, treatment with methotrexate, and surgery if necessary – are associated with the risk of tubal rupture and reduced fertility,” said Olena Taratula of the OSU College of Pharmacy. “Also, there’s an increased risk of another ectopic pregnancy – a woman who has had one ectopic pregnancy is 10% more likely to have a second one.”

Even when methotrexate – a drug that ends ectopic pregnancy by causing embryonic cells to stop dividing – is effective, it comes with a range of potential side effects, Taratula said: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes, kidney damage and lung disease.

As a possible alternative, Taratula, postdoctoral scholar Karthickraja Duraisamy and collaborators at Oregon State and Oregon Health & Science University came up with a novel nanomedicine approach. The scientists developed and tested in pregnant mice a new magnetic nanoparticle with both diagnostic and therapeutic functions.

Nanoparticles are tiny pieces of matter, as small as one-billionth of a meter. Administered intravenously, the specially engineered cobalt-doped soft ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles accumulated in the mice’s placenta, which nourishes and maintains the fetus through the umbilical cord.

“Effective detection of the growing placenta greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of ectopic pregnancy identification,” Olena Taratula said.

Once the nanoparticles were concentrated in the placenta, the organ could be seen through magnetic resonance imaging.

In a human patient, that means it would quickly be clear whether the placenta is where it’s supposed to be. If it is, the patient would know she did not have an ectopic pregnancy, and the embryo is unaffected by the particles as they do not cross the placental barrier.

But if the placenta is in a fallopian tube or other incorrect location, the pregnancy could be ended via non-invasive exposure to an alternating magnetic field, which causes the nanoparticles to rise in temperature and irreparably disrupt placental function via heat.

“We developed an MRI-guided magnetic nanoplatform for localized hyperthermia, less than or equal to 45 degrees Celsius, of pregnancy-associated tissue,” Duraisamy said. “In pregnant mice, it selectively disrupted gestational sacs while preserving surrounding uterine tissue and fertility, supporting its potential as a minimally invasive treatment for ectopic pregnancy.”

“Our main goal in this study was to evaluate our nanoparticle’s ability to identify and visualize the developing placenta and demonstrate its magnetic hyperthermia capabilities,” Taratula added. “These results are highly promising; now in the coming years we need to validate the findings in other animal models to further advance the application of this technology.”

Oleh Taratula, Prem Singh, Akshay Vyawahare, Ana Paula Mesquita Souza and Kongbrailatpam Shitaljit Sharma of Oregon State contributed the research, which was supported by the College of Pharmacy, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the OHSU School of Medicine.