Fred Hutch study highlights racial disparities in ovarian cancer risk for women

Researchers examined risks for Black and white women with endometriosis and fibroids to understand how common medical interventions for those conditions modified the outcomes

Peer-Reviewed Publication

FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER CENTER

SEATTLE, WA — May 4, 2023 — A new Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center study in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology investigated how endometriosis, uterine leiomyomas (also known as fibroids) and a common intervention for these conditions—hysterectomy—changed ovarian cancer risk in Black and white women.

Scientists found fibroids were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer in both Black and white women, with hysterectomy modifying the risk of cancer in both groups. However, researchers also found that while Black and white women with endometriosis had a higher risk of ovarian cancer overall, hysterectomy only modified this risk of cancer for white women.

“Almost no research has been done examining the experiences of Black women with endometriosis, including how endometriosis can heighten the risk for ovarian cancer,” said Fred Hutch epidemiologist Dr. Holly Harris, who led the study. “We need to continue making more discoveries in this area and conduct further research into how variables such as medical interventions as well as access to care and treatment also impact the risk of ovarian cancer in all populations.”

The study’s primary goal was understanding how racial differences impacted ovarian cancer risk—an  under-studied area of research particularly impacting Black women. Data from the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry Consortium (OCWAA) was utilized to compare outcomes from both Black and white women impacted by endometriosis and/or fibroids and the variety of medical interventions typically used to treat these conditions.

“Conditions such as endometriosis and fibroids can impact health and quality of life,” said Dr. Barbara Norquist, a Fred Hutch clinician focusing on gynecological oncology. “Medical interventions, such as hysterectomies, used to treat these conditions can have an impact on future health outcomes. This study is an important step toward understanding these outcomes and better understanding ovarian cancer risk.”

Nearly 5,500 women took part in the study. The study included 3,124 Black women of which 1,008 had ovarian cancer and 5,458 white women of which 2,237 had ovarian cancer. Of the study participants, 6.4% of Black women and 7% of white women experienced endometriosis and 43.2% of Black women and 21.5% of white women experiencing fibroids.

The National Cancer Institute, estimated 236,511 women in the U.S. were living with ovarian cancer in 2020, and the American Cancer Society notes that it is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women.

“Like many other diseases of reproductive health, endometriosis and fibroids research is severely underfunded in proportion to their population burden,” said Dr. Elizabeth Swisher, who serves as a co-leader of Fred Hutch/University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Cancer Consortium Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Program. “Because of this, our knowledge of these diseases is severely limited, leaving patients with sub-par treatments and substantial impacts on their quality of life.”

Researchers hope to continue looking at how racial differences impact ovarian cancer risk, as well as the role that endometriosis and fibroids play.

“Despite the lower occurrence of ovarian cancer in Black women, this group has the highest mortality from ovarian cancer. Identifying how racial differences in access to care and treatment impact this disparity is critical to formulating risk reduction strategies,” said Dr. Harris.

Media Contact:
Kat Wynn
kwynn@fredhutch.org

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About Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center unites individualized care and advanced research to provide the latest cancer treatment options while accelerating discoveries that prevent, treat and cure cancer and infectious diseases worldwide.

Based in Seattle, Fred Hutch is an independent, nonprofit organization and the only National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in Washington. We have earned a global reputation for our track record of discoveries in cancer, infectious disease and basic research, including important advances in bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, HIV/AIDS prevention and COVID-19 vaccines. Fred Hutch operates eight clinical care sites that provide medical oncology, infusion, radiation, proton therapy and related services and has network affiliations with hospitals in four states. Fred Hutch also serves as UW Medicine’s cancer program.

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JOURNAL

Obstetrics and Gynecology

METHOD OF RESEARCH

Observational study

SUBJECT OF RESEARCH

People

ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE

4-May-2023