App-based tool quantifies pesticide toxicity in watersheds; identifies mitigation opportunities
IMAGE: WATERSHED APPLIED TOXICITY. THE HEAT MAP AND LEGEND VALUES REPRESENT APPLIED TOXICITY AS THE NET TOXICITY INDEX (NTI), THE TOTAL APPLIED TOXICITY OF PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS TO ALL AQUATIC TAXA INVESTIGATED OVER THE SIMULATION PERIOD, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, NONVASCULAR AQUATIC PLANTS, AND VASCULAR AQUATIC PLANTS. RESULTS ARE DISPLAYED FOR EACH STUDY EXTENT, A) CALIFORNIA’S HUC8 WATERSHEDS AND B) THE HUC12 SUBWATERSHEDS IN THE BAY-DELTA WATERSHED. THE NTI RANGES IDENTIFY THE MAGNITUDE OF TOXICITY RELEASED DURING PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS, WITH VALUES IN THE UPPER RANGE, GREATER THAN 50,000,000, ILLUSTRATING AREAS OF APPLIED TOXICITY THAT ARE UP TO 8 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN OTHER WATERSHEDS. BASE MAP SOURCE:HTTP://GOTO.ARCGISONLINE.COM/MAPS/REFERENCE/WORLD_IMAGERY. view more
CREDIT: PARKER ET AL., 2023, PLOS WATER, CC-BY 4.0 (HTTPS://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY/4.0/)
Pesticides are a leading source of chemical hazards in aquatic environments. A study published in PLOS Water by Nicol Parker and Arturo A Keller at University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States and colleagues introduces a new tool to help evaluate toxicity at high resolution and suggests that targeting a small number of pesticides in a few watersheds could significantly reduce aquatic toxicity in California’s agricultural centers.
Reducing pesticide toxicity in watersheds is limited by the ability to quantify pesticide use, toxicity, and impacts over spatial and temporal scales. In order to provide a framework for targeting pesticide reductions, the authors developed the Environmental Release Tool (ERT) using watershed data from the US Geological Survey. ERT is a web and desktop application that summarizes pesticide applications and toxicity by watershed. They used ERT to analyze pesticide use across 140 California watersheds receiving agricultural pesticide applications. The ERT was able to quantify the toxicity released to aquatic taxa across these watershed areas, representing approximately 20 percent of the pesticide mass in the United States and covering hundreds of commodities.
The ERT demonstrated that mitigation actions on just two pesticides and sixteen site types would affect about 90 percent of applied toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, nonvascular plants, and vascular plants in California’s agricultural landscapes. The study also showed that 20 percent of agricultural watersheds account for 80 percent of applied toxicity, suggesting that targeting a small number of watersheds receiving high concentrations of pesticides could be effective in reducing overall applied chemical toxicity. The tool has some important limitations—for example, it does not predict risks to human health or watershed ecologies, only opportunities to decrease pesticide toxicity.
According to the authors, “Our study developed the Environmental Release Tool (ERT) to provide an integrated framework for targeting pesticide toxicity reductions. Results indicate that the ERT can be a valuable tool for identifying pesticide environmental toxicity and should be considered in future agricultural management strategies”.
The authors add: "The applied toxicity of agricultural pesticides in California is dominated by a handful of pesticides, and a few crops like almonds and other nuts. Careful selection of less toxic pesticides for the same crops can drastically reduce overall applied toxicity in California, and probably around the world."
#####
Environmental Release Tool link: https://nicol-parker.shinyapps.io/Environmental-Release-Tool/
In your coverage please use this URL to provide access to the freely available article in PLOS Water: https://journals.plos.org/water/article?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000124
Citation: Parker N, Larsen A, Banerjee P, Keller AA (2023) Leveraging high spatiotemporal resolution data of pesticides applied to agricultural fields in California to identify toxicity reduction opportunities. PLOS Water 2(8): e0000124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000124
Author Countries: US
Funding: This project was funded by the California Sea Grant Delta Science Fellowship (SEADSR4/183BCA/416701/440000 to NP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Nicol Parker and Priyanka Banerjee were funded by the California Sea Grant Delta Science Fellowship.
JOURNAL
PLOS Water
METHOD OF RESEARCH
Computational simulation/modeling
SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
Not applicable
ARTICLE TITLE
Leveraging high spatiotemporal resolution data of pesticides applied to agricultural fields in California to identify toxicity reduction opportunities
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
9-Aug-2023
No comments:
Post a Comment