Tuesday, September 30, 2025

In a single month, Britain sent over 100,000 bullets to Israel amid Gaza genocide: Analysis

September 30, 2025 


Demonstrators gather in front of the UK High Court demanding an end to the supply of weapons used in the attacks on Gaza in London, United Kingdom on May 13, 2025.
 [Raşid Necati Aslım – Anadolu Agency]


A total of 110,000 bullets were sent from Britain to Israel in August, amid the Israeli military’s continued genocidal offensive in Gaza, according to a new investigation by Channel 4, Anadolu reports.

The shipment, valued at around £20,000 (nearly $27,000), is part of a broader increase in UK arms exports to Israel, with total shipments this August exceeding £150,000 – the second-largest monthly total since January 2022.

According to the report, the items received through one shipment were categorized as “bullets” under Israel’s customs codebook.

Other shipments that month included parts for “tanks,” parts “of shotguns or rifles,” and a broad “other” category covering projectiles, explosives, and ammunition.

“Our analysis of Israel Tax Authority figures shows munitions worth around £400,000 arriving from the UK and passing through Israeli customs in June 2025 – the highest amount in a single month since available records began more than three years ago, ” the report said.

The UK government announced in September 2024 that it had suspended 29 licenses to export arms to Israel, which it believed “might be used in serious violations of International Humanitarian Law.”

Some 350 licenses remain active, with over 160 listed as “military.”

At the time, the government said it was blocking the sale of “items used in the current conflict in Gaza which go to the Israeli army.”

The report came one day after Britain’s ruling Labour Party passed a motion declaring that the UN has concluded Israel is committing genocide in Gaza – a conclusion contrasting sharply with the government’s refusal to declare a genocide.

The Israeli army has killed over 66,000 Palestinians, most of them women and children, in Gaza since October 2023. The relentless bombardment has rendered the enclave all but uninhabitable and led to starvation and the spread of disease.

Exposing JFK Airport’s hidden arms pipeline to Israel

Shipping records obtained by Mondoweiss show New York's JFK Airport is a key transit hub for U.S. weapons parts headed to Israel’s genocide in Gaza.
September 30, 2025 0
MONDOWEISS

(Illustration: Mondoweiss)


On July 16, 2025, a Boeing 747 operated by Challenge Airlines lifted off from JFK Airport in New York. The cargo manifest listed a 347-kilogram shipment from Lockheed Martin. Inside was a BRU-68 bomb release unit, a mechanism that allows an F-35 fighter jet to drop 2,000-pound bombs.

The flight’s final stop was Nevatim Air Base in southern Israel, home to the F-35I fleet bombing Gaza.

This was not an isolated transfer. Internal shipping records shared by the Palestinian Youth Movement, and cross-referenced with public flight-tracking data, reveal a steady flow of U.S.-made weapons components moving from New York to Israel. Parts for fighter jets, missile launchers, and ammunition have routinely left JFK on commercial cargo flights while Israel’s air campaign destroys homes, schools, and hospitals.

“What these records show is that the genocide in Gaza isn’t only manufactured in Washington—it’s facilitated right here in New York. JFK has become a gateway for the weapons that are killing our people.”Kaleem Hawa, Palestinian Youth Movement

These shipments started before the current genocide, but have increased greatly since October 7, 2023. They continue now despite mounting evidence of war crimes and calls for an arms embargo. What they reveal is that New York City is a crucial logistical hub in the supply chain arming Israel’s assault.

Between July 2 and July 23, at least six arms shipments from JFK to Israel were verified through waybills, flight data, and internal records provided to Mondoweiss.

These findings add new depth to earlier reporting in The Intercept and The Ditch, showing how JFK Airport has become a critical link in Israel’s military supply chain.

“What these records show is that the genocide in Gaza isn’t only manufactured in Washington—it’s facilitated right here in New York,” said Kaleem Hawa of the Palestinian Youth Movement. “JFK has become a gateway for the weapons that are killing our people.”

These flights and their deadly cargo reveal the logistics networks arming Israel’s genocide in Gaza that, for many in the U.S., is hiding in plain sight.
A civilian airport moving weapons to genocide

Challenge Airlines flight ICL982 departs JFK for Tel Aviv on a near-routine schedule, often before sunrise. Cargo bays handle electronics, produce, and mail. Mixed in are crates labeled “aircraft components” or “hazardous materials,” terms that hide their military use.

Among the shipments traced in July were: Aircraft structural parts and missile launcher struts from Lockheed Martin
Fuel selector valves used in Elbit Systems aircraft
Ammunition link containers for Israel Military Industries
A BRU-68 ejector unit for the F-35
Wingtip protective lenses for fighter jets

Each part is essential to the maintenance and repair of larger weapons systems, and they are moved under the cover of civilian logistics.

“Most of us just scan the cargo tags—we’re not told what’s inside,” a JFK cargo worker who asked to remain anonymous told Mondoweiss. “When pallets show up wrapped and labeled ‘confidential’ or ‘secret,’ we know not to ask questions. They bypass normal screening. We just load them.”

A second cargo handler recalled the difference on days when major military shipments arrive. “The pallets are heavier, wrapped tight, and marked with tags you don’t see on normal freight. Security is always hovering nearby. We’re told nothing and only given the signal to load.”

Why JFK? Geography, logistics, and loopholes

JFK’s east coast location shortens routes to Europe and the Middle East. Explosives depots along the coast allow rapid transport from factory to plane.

Jack Cinamon of Shadow World Investigations, an international research group that tracks the global arms trade and corruption, who studies U.S.-Israel weapons transfers, points to two reasons JFK is such a strategic node in the supply chain. The first is proximity to suppliers. “Along the East Coast are multiple explosives and ammunition depots,” he explained to Mondoweiss. “Being close to those locations makes JFK much more advantageous.”

Cinamon also says the abundance of established cargo carriers, like Challenge and FedEx, which operate full logistics hubs inside JFK, provides cover for defense contractors.

The airport also stores hazardous and explosive materials, a capability not available everywhere. This combination lets military cargo move in the same space as ordinary freight, hidden by commercial operations.

JFK is not the only American airport feeding the supply lines into Israel’s war machine. Dallas-Fort Worth, Memphis International, and Oakland also serve as key transit points in this network.

The endpoint: Nevatim Air Base

The end of the line is Nevatim Air Base, carved into the Negev desert southeast of Be’er Sheva. It’s here that Israel stations its fleet of F-35I “Adir” jets, the U.S.-built fighters engineered for precision bombing runs.

Among the cargo routed from New York City are BRU-68 ejector units, the hardware that allows these jets to release heavy munitions. The Pentagon itself places the BRU-68 under “Category VIII – Aircraft and Related Articles” on the U.S. Munitions List, noting its use in deploying precision weapons like the 2,000-pound GBU-31. These ejectors wear down quickly and must be replaced often, making the shipments routine. Alongside them are fuel valves, targeting consoles, and protective lenses—the pieces that keep the F-35Is in the sky and combat-ready.

The path is seamless. Parts are made from a Lockheed Martin assembly line, to a cargo bay at JFK, to the blast craters in Rafah. It is this steady pipeline between New York and Nevatim that enables Israel to sustain its air campaign over Gaza.
Law, policy, and complicity

Under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), Israel receives exemptions that speed licensing for some weapons components. The Arms Export Control Act and the Leahy Law bar U.S. assistance to military units committing human rights abuses, yet exports have continued throughout the bombing of Gaza.

Patrick Wilcken, Amnesty International’s head of military, security, and policing work, told Mondoweiss any state transferring arms to Israel “risks complicity in genocide and war crimes” and violates its obligation under the Genocide Convention to prevent genocide. States that knowingly continue transfers, he added, risk “aiding and assisting” in crimes under international law, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

Wilcken noted that Israel’s preferential treatment under U.S. export rules does not override international obligations. “International humanitarian law prohibits all states—including the U.S.—from transferring weapons to a party to an armed conflict where there is a clear risk that doing so would contribute to the commission of war crimes,” he said. Amnesty has long called for a total arms embargo, citing extensive evidence of repeated violations in Gaza.

The risk extends to private industry. “Companies, their executives, and employees risk being accomplices in crimes under international law if the products and services they provide contribute substantively in the commission of those crimes,” Wilcken explained. If they know their cargo will likely be used unlawfully, “they could be found legally liable.”

Amnesty says the threshold for halting arms transfers has already been met. Court challenges in Belgium and the Netherlands have successfully blocked shipments to Israel, even as similar efforts in France and the UK have failed.

In Belgium, regional governments suspended licenses for military goods bound for Israel following legal pressure and public outcry, while in Ireland, parliamentarians have raised questions over flights carrying Israeli explosives through Shannon Airport. Reporting from The Ditch revealed that shipments tied to Israel’s Ministry of Defense were routed through Europe, sparking scrutiny of how states may be complicit in the transfer of arms used in Gaza.

Congressional oversight


JFK Airport sits within the district of Congress member Gregory Meeks, who, as a ranking member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, holds one of the key positions in Congress responsible for reviewing and overseeing arms sales. Under the Arms Export Control Act, his committee can delay, question, or block transfers, and Meeks has made use of that authority in the past. In 2021, he sought a temporary pause on a $735 million sale of precision-guided munitions to Israel to allow more time to review, and in 2024, he pressed the State Department for further assurances on a multibillion-dollar package of F-15s. These episodes highlight that he is not only aware of the stakes but is willing, at least in certain cases, to assert the committee’s oversight powers.

At the same time, Meeks has long been supported by pro-Israel advocacy networks, including AIPAC, whose lobbying efforts consistently push for expedited transfers and minimal restrictions on U.S. defense exports to Israel. Meeks has received more than $400,000 from AIPAC as of the most recent federal elections filings. Those ties place him at the center of competing pressures: on one side, his formal role as a gatekeeper tasked with scrutinizing foreign military sales, and on the other, the political influence of a lobby that has made the uninterrupted flow of weapons a top priority.

Mondoweiss contacted Representative Meeks for a comment on the fact that these shipments leave directly from his district through JFK. His office did not respond.

Protest and suppression

On July 9, protesters gathered outside JFK to stop a shipment of Elbit Systems parts. Authorities responded with a coordinated lock down. The Port Authority, MTA, and NYPD restricted access to all terminals, barring the press from the grounds. Protesters were pushed out of sight.

“We were blocked from every angle,” said a protester who asked to remain anonymous. “Police set up barricades so far back you couldn’t see the cargo area—not the planes, not the loading trucks, nothing. Anyone without a boarding pass was turned away. From where we were pushed, it was impossible to tell if anything was being moved. It felt deliberate.”

“They shut down the public’s right to witness it,” added another organizer.

The flight left on schedule.

Shaniyat Turani-Chowdhury

Shaniyat Turani-Chowdhury is an investigative reporter from Queens, New York. He received his master’s in International Relations and Certification in Modern Journalism from New York University in 2024. Follow him on Instagram at @__Shaniyat.
Trump's peace plan treated with 'extreme skepticism' abroad: foreign analyst

Robert Davis
September 30, 2025 
RAW STORY


U.S. President Donald Trump gives a thumbs up as he welcomes Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., September 29, 2025. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque

President Donald Trump's peace plan for the war between Israel and Hamas is being met with "extreme skepticism" abroad, a foreign analyst revealed on Tuesday.

Jane Kinninmont, CEO at the United Nations Association, discussed Trump's peace plan during an interview on Times Radio. The plan involves creating an international peacekeeping commission headed by Trump and a complete overhaul of the Palestinian Authority, the governing body of Palestine.

She argued that while Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and some Arab leaders have expressed support for Trump's "leadership" on the issue, there is still a "big divide" that needs to be crossed.

"There's certainly a lot that needs to be treated with extreme skepticism, but emphasizing that nearly the whole world does want to see an end to these daily killings, to the famine, and they want to see the hostages freed, and we need to find a way to get there," Kinninmont said.

Kinninmont added that one of the hang-ups for foreign leaders is whether the peace deal has teeth to protect a Palestinian state in a two-state solution scenario.

"Although we have seen Arab leaders come out in some numbers today to welcome the plan, if you look at what they have said carefully with a diplomat's eye to what is said and not said, they express their support for his leadership and his efforts for peace, but they also say they're ready to work with him on a full withdrawal of Israeli forces and a path to a two-state solution," Kinninmont said.

"That is very different from Netanyahu's reading of the plan, which is that it doesn't require that full Israeli withdrawal for quite a long time and that for him there will never be a Palestinian state," she continued. "So there's still a very big divide to be bridged."


Israeli Prime Minister says Trump’s Gaza plan rules out establishment of Palestinian state


September 30, 2025 


Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gives opening remarks during a press conference with President Donald Trump conference in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, DC on September 29, 2025.
[Stringer – Anadolu Agency]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Tuesday that a Palestinian state will not be established under US President Donald Trump’s Gaza plan, Anadolu reports.

In a video statement, Netanyahu stressed that he has not agreed to a Palestinian state in Washington talks, and it is not mentioned in the plan proposed by Trump.

“There is one thing we did say that we should strongly oppose a Palestinian state,” Netanyahu said.

The Israeli premier called his visit to the US “historic” and “excellent.”

“Instead of Hamas isolating us, we turned the tables and isolated Hamas. Now the entire world, including the Arab and Muslim world, is pressuring Hamas to accept the terms we set together with President Trump to release all our hostages, both living and deceased, while the IDF (Israeli army) remains in most of the Strip,” he said.

“On the contrary, President Trump added that if Hamas refuses, he will give Israel full backing to complete the military operation and eliminate them.”

Qatar confirmed on Tuesday that Hamas received Trump’s proposed plan from mediators late Monday.

Trump unveiled a 20-point plan on Monday to end Israel’s war on Gaza during a press conference with Netanyahu at the White House.

The plan calls for the release of all Israeli captives in exchange for dozens of Palestinian prisoners, complete disarmament of Hamas, a gradual withdrawal of Israeli forces, and the formation of a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee to govern the enclave.

The Israeli army has killed over 66,000 Palestinians, most of them women and children, in Gaza since October 2023. The relentless bombardment has rendered the enclave uninhabitable and led to starvation and the spread of diseases.

Why the Trump-Netanyahu ‘peace plan’ is a trap

The Trump-Netanyahu proposal lacks a clear timeline or method to enforce Israeli compliance. If Hamas rejects the plan, the U.S. says Israel can “finish the job” in Gaza. But if it accepts, it could plunge the Palestinian cause into deep uncertainty.
September 30, 2025
MONDOWEISS

President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu speak in the Diplomatic Reception Room before a dinner, Monday, July 7, 2025, at the White House. (Official White House Photo by Daniel Torok)

The formula Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu presented for the plan to end the war in Gaza is riddled with red flags. With the Israeli Prime Minister to his side, the U.S. President explained that his plan would include the release of all Israeli captives in Gaza, dead or alive, within the first 72 hours of the deal, while Israel would release 250 Palestinians from Israeli jails, and humanitarian aid would flow into the Strip.

That’s about the only part of the proposal that’s clear. Nothing else in the “20-point plan” has a clear timeframe or mechanism of implementation.

The plan includes a “gradual” withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip, leaving up to 70% of its surface under Israeli control. International and Arab forces would take over running Gaza, which would be “demilitarized,” and the “military capabilities” of Palestinian resistance factions would be destroyed. At least nominally, Palestinians would not be forcibly removed from Gaza en masse. An independent, apolitical commission would run Palestinians’ everyday lives and also run Gaza’s reconstruction.

The commission itself would be under the supervision of a “board of peace” headed by Trump himself. It would also include Palestinian and international members. Leaks that preceded the official announcement of the plan said that one of the names on the board would be former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, who reportedly participated in the drafting of the plan.

Hamas and the other Palestinian resistance factions would disarm, and those of its members who are willing to leave would be given safe passage to other countries. The factions would also be excluded from any participation in running Gaza, directly or indirectly. Most importantly, the Palestinian Authority would take no part in the administration of the Strip until it undergoes a series of “reforms.” Trump also said that Netanyahu does not accept a Palestinian state, and that Trump “understands that.”

Netanyahu, a staunch rejectionist of any end to the war that doesn’t result in unconditional surrender and total Israeli control over Gaza, announced his acceptance of the plan with visible satisfaction, adding that Trump was “the best friend” Israel has ever had.

And why wouldn’t he? The announced terms echo Netanyahu’s main conditions for ending the war — Hamas has to release the captives and disarm, a civil authority will run the strip, and Israel maintains ultimate control. The plan even appeases the right-wing Israeli demand to exclude any Palestinian political force from running the Strip, closing the door to Palestinian statehood. Yet Trump claims that the plan is meant to forever “end the conflict” in the Middle East.

On top of that, the plan’s lack of clear implementation mechanisms or time frames for anything except the release of Israeli captives brings to mind previous attempts to end the war in Gaza that Netanyahu systematically sabotaged, as recently admitted by former State Department spokesperson Mathew Miller. In January, Israel reached a ceasefire in Gaza that secured the release of most of the captives held by Hamas, including all civilian captives. Netanyahu continued to delay sending a negotiating team to Qatar or Egypt to initiate the second phase of negotiations aimed at definitively ending the war. Then, on March 18, Israel broke the ceasefire and resumed the bombing of Gaza.

Hamas’s dilemma

The critical element in the plan is the endorsement from the Arab and Muslim countries, which Trump claimed to have secured. Leaders of Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Turkey had met with Trump days before the plan was announced, and one of the conditions they had was for a diplomatic path to remain open for negotiating the establishment of a Palestinian state. Leaks from the meeting also said that Arab and Muslim countries would not only send forces to Gaza, but would also fund its reconstruction.

Between then and Trump’s announcement, there were several other meetings involving Netanyahu, Trump, U.S. Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff, Jared Kushner, and Israeli strategic affairs minister Ron Dermer. Israeli settler movements also sent a delegation to Washington to deliver their reservations regarding the plan to Netanyahu before his meeting with Trump.

On Tuesday, Qatar announced that it had handed Hamas the plan, and that the Arab countries were “in a state of consultation.” Late on Monday, the foreign ministers of Turkey, Jordan, Qatar, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Egypt released a joint statement that praised Trump’s “sincere efforts” to end the war in Gaza, adding that their countries were ready to “put the final touches” on the plan. The Palestinian Authority joined in the praise of Trump’s “sincere efforts,” without commenting on the specifics.

Meanwhile, Israeli far-right ministers Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich rejected the plan, insisting that Netanyahu has no legitimacy to end the war without “absolute victory.” Israeli opposition leader Yair Lapid offered Netanyahu a safety net in case his far-right allies withdraw from the cabinet, and captives’ families said in a statement that Trump’s plan was “the last chance” to return them home.

However, Trump’s plan doesn’t appear to be open to negotiations. On Tuesday, Trump told reporters at the White House that Hamas has three to four days to accept his plan. During his announcement on Monday, the U.S. president told Netanyahu directly that if Hamas refused the plan, he would back Israel “to finish the job.”

But the counterweight to Palestinian concerns and reservations over the plan is the reality of the ongoing devastation in Gaza, where the Israeli-induced famine has claimed the lives of over 420 Palestinians, mostly children, added to the more than 56,000 people killed by Israeli bombs.

If Hamas refuses the plan or presents reservations or amendments, both Israel and the U.S. would use it to absolve Israel of any responsibility for the coming phase of Gaza’s genocide. If it accepts, it would be walking the entire Palestinian cause into a future of uncertainty.

University of Miami scientists launch accessible global climate modeling framework


Designed for education, adaptable for research—the new Python-based framework makes climate dynamics more approachable for students and researchers




University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science




University of Miami scientists launch accessible global climate modeling framework


Designed for education, adaptable for research—the new Python-based framework makes climate dynamics more approachable for students and researchers

Miami, FL — A team of researchers at the University of Miami has developed a global atmospheric modeling framework that blends powerful research capabilities with accessibility for students and scientists alike. Written entirely in Python, a high-level, general-purpose programming language, and designed to run on an interactive Jupyter Notebook, the new tool removes longstanding technical barriers, allowing anyone with a standard laptop to explore cutting-edge climate experiments.

Most existing climate models rely on legacy Fortran code and complicated setups that are costly and time-consuming for students to use. By contrast, this open-source framework simplifies the process. Users can run experiments, analyze data, and visualize results directly within a notebook environment. Educators can tailor classroom exercises to different levels of complexity, while advanced researchers can adapt the model for original investigations into atmospheric dynamics.

“Python’s widespread use—and its clarity for beginners—were critical to our decision,” said Ben Kirtman, dean of the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science and lead author of the study. “It also supports advanced features like machine learning and artificial intelligence for handling large datasets, which simply aren’t as accessible in traditional Fortran models.”

Kirtman’s motivation to re-code models in Python came after watching his students spend hours troubleshooting code just to get experiments running. The delays often hindered their progress and slowed research momentum.

Marybeth Arcodia, a co-author of the study and assistant professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the Rosenstiel School, experienced those setbacks firsthand as a graduate student in Kirtman’s lab. Her research explored long-term climate scenarios and weather patterns such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a recurring climate pattern that involves changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Teleconnections like ENSO, where climate anomalies in one region affect distant parts of the globe, require models that can capture large-scale interactions.

“In its first demonstrations, the model successfully replicated global climate patterns associated with El Niño events, highlighting its ability to capture these complex phenomena,” Arcodia said.

Several innovations set this framework apart. Its Python-based core makes it easy to learn and modify. Adjustable atmospheric settings allow users to experiment with different levels of complexity, from simplified backgrounds to detailed formulations. The model can also simulate real-world influences such as heat sources, land features, and ocean conditions, opening opportunities for both classroom exercises and advanced research.

The team collaborated with the Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing to handle the substantial datasets needed for development. With its successful initial demonstrations, the framework shows strong potential for both education and scientific discovery.

Looking ahead, Kirtman is developing an experiential climate modeling course for undergraduate and graduate students, enabling them to design and test their own climate scenarios with the new tool. To maximize impact, the framework is available as open-source software on GitHub, ensuring global access for educators, students, and researchers.

The study, A Simplified-Physics Atmosphere General Circulation Model for Idealized Climate Dynamics Studies,” was published August 22, 2025 online in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.

Funding for the study was provided by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NA20OAR4320472, NA22OAR4310603, NA23OAR4590384 & NA23OAR4310457) and the National Science Foundation (AGS2241538 & AGS2223263). The authors wish to thank Brian Mapes, professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School for helpful discussions. Ben P. Kirtman is the William R Middelthon Chair of Earth Sciences and is grateful for the associated support.

The authors are Ben. P. Kirtman1,2,3, Marybeth. C. Arcodia5, Emily. J. Becker1,2, Kayla. Besong7, Jackson. S. Boyd1, Houraa Daher1, Ian. Gifford1, Johnna. Infanti8, Josiah. Kaiser1, Samantha. Kramer7, Sarah. M. Larson10, Lucas. C. Laurindo2, Hosmay. Lopez9, Kelsey. Malloy6, Cait. Martinez1, Karen. Papazian1, Kathy. Pegion4, Natalie. Perlin11, Christina. Schuler1, Victoria. Schoenwald1, Leo. S. P. Siqueira1,3, Breanna. Zavadoff2  & Wei. Zhang1

1University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Miami, FL, 2University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, FL, 3University of Miami, Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing, Miami, FL, 4University of Oklahoma, School of Meteorology, Norman, OK, 5Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, 6Columbia University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, New York, NY., 7Sonoma Technology, LLC, Petaluma, CA, 8National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, 9National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, 10North Carolina State University – Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Raleigh, NC, 11RedLine Performance Solutions, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD.

About the University of Miami and Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science

 The University of Miami is a private research university and academic health system with a distinct geographic capacity to connect institutions, individuals, and ideas across the hemisphere and around the world. The University’s vibrant academic community comprises 12 schools and colleges serving more than 19,000 undergraduate and graduate students in more than 180 majors and programs. Located within one of the most dynamic and multicultural cities in the world, the University is building new bridges across geographic, cultural, and intellectual borders, bringing a passion for scholarly excellence, a spirit of innovation, and a commitment to tackling the challenges facing our world. The University of Miami is a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities (AAU).

Founded in 1943, the Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science is one of the world’s premier research institutions in the continental United States. The school’s basic and applied research programs seek to improve understanding and prediction of Earth’s geological, oceanic, and atmospheric systems by focusing on four key pillars:

  • *Saving lives through better forecasting of extreme weather and seismic events. 
  • *Feeding the world by developing sustainable wild fisheries and aquaculture programs. 
  • *Unlocking ocean secrets through research on climate, weather, energy and medicine. 
  • *Preserving marine species, including endangered sharks and other fish, as well as protecting and restoring threatened coral reefs.

 

 

 

Single-step battery cathode recycling




University of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering
Electrochemical Battery Recycling 

image: 

Schematic of the single-step battery cathode recycling method. An old electrode is placed into a regenerative bath. An electrochemical process dissolves the valuable metals and coats them onto a new electrode in a single step.

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Credit: The Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign



A new battery recycling method developed by Illinois Grainger engineers removes scarce, expensive metals from old battery cathodes and coats them onto new cathodes in a single step. The result is significantly more affordable, less environmentally impactful and less risky to health than any recycling method currently in use.

Battery cathodes – the positive part of the battery that helps to store electrical energy – often require rare, expensive metals such as cobalt. It is therefore crucial to develop effective means for recycling cathodes that reclaim the metals essential to their operation.

Researchers in The Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have invented a single-stage process for simultaneously extracting metals from old cathodes and creating new cathodes. Focusing on lithium cobalt oxide, the cathode material most used in phone and laptop batteries, the researchers demonstrated that a single electrochemical process can be used to dissolve the material from a spent terminal and deposit it on a new one. As reported in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, the new process is one-eighth as costly and over 50% less impactful than common recycling processes.

“The fact that our process is a single step makes all the difference because the material needs are less than half those of other recycling processes,” said Jarom Sederholm, an Illinois Grainger Engineering chemical and biomolecular engineering graduate student and the study’s lead author. “We collaborated with colleagues in the Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering to analyze both the cost and environmental impacts of performing this process at scale. On every factor considered, our process is better.”

Paul Braun, an Illinois Grainger Engineering materials science and engineering professor and the project lead, said, “Current methods for recycling battery cathodes involve too many steps. The cathodes must be broken down, separated and purified, reformed through chemical reactions, and then coated onto new battery components. The processes require considerable energy and chemical inputs, which increases the cost, the potential for environmental harm and risks to human health.”

Sederholm recalls that the idea for the new process came from a hypothetical discussion with Braun.

“Our research group works extensively with electrodeposition – a mechanism by which electrical charge is used to layer a material on a substrate – and has significant research infrastructure,” Sederholm said. “One day, we had a thought: if electrodeposition is possible, then the reverse should also be true. It should be possible to use electricity to dissolve a coating too. So, I went in the lab, set everything up with the right solution and voltages, and the cobalt lithium oxide coating on a cathode came right off.”

Since the required metal was already dissolved in solution from the stripping process, inserting a new cathode into the solution and coating it by electrodeposition was the next logical step. The entire recycling process – reclaiming the valuable metals and reusing them in a new product – takes place as one stage and one reaction in a single chemical bath.

To assess the total cost and impact of the new single-state method, the researchers turned to colleagues in the Illinois Grainger Engineering Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering: graduate student Zheng Liu and professor Pingfeng Wang. They determined that the new method outperforms all techniques currently in use by four metrics: economic efficiency, environmental impact, impact on resources, and human health risk.

The study focused on lithium cobalt oxide cathodes for its prevalence in consumer electronics, but Sederholm plans to extend these results into other cathode chemistries.

“There are many battery technologies based on nickel and manganese oxides, and they would have different requirements for this to work,” he said. “Also, both the cathode and anode can contain binding additives such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), that may be harmful when released into the environment. We want to see if we can mitigate the amount released and even recover other additives for reuse.”

Sederholm, Braun, and Illinois Grainger Engineering materials science and engineering postdoctoral research associate Arghya Patra have filed for an international patent on technology derived from this study.

Jr-Wen Lin and Carlos Juarez-Yescas also contributed to this work.

The study, “Single-Step Electrochemical Battery Recycling,” is available online. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202511009ope

Support was provided by the National Science Foundation Future Manufacturing Research Grant.

Illinois Grainger Engineering Affiliations

Paul Braun is an Illinois Grainger Engineering professor of materials science and engineering in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He is affiliated with the Department of Chemistry, the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. He is director of the Materials Research Laboratory and holds a Grainger Distinguished Chair in Engineering appointment.

Pingfeng Wang is an Illinois Grainger Engineering professor of industrial and enterprise systems engineering in the Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering. He holds Jerry S. Dobrovolny Faculty Scholar and Donald Biggar Willett Faculty Scholar faculty appointments.