Showing posts sorted by date for query GEOTHERMAL. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query GEOTHERMAL. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Tuesday, April 14, 2026

 

Super magma reservoirs discovered beneath Tuscany



A Swiss-Italian team has discovered 6,000 km³ of magma beneath Tuscany.



Université de Genève





How can magma buried 5, 10, or even 15 km underground be detected without any surface indicators? The answer lies in ambient noise tomography, a technique that analyses natural ground vibrations with high precision. A team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE), the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (CNR-IGG), and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) has identified a vast reservoir containing approximately 6,000 km3 of magma beneath Tuscany. Beyond its scientific significance, this breakthrough paves the way for faster and more cost-effective exploration methods to locate resources such as geothermal reservoirs, lithium, and rare earth elements, whose formation is closely linked to deep magmatic systems. The study was published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment.


Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Lake Toba in Indonesia, or Lake Taupo in New Zealand: these iconic volcanic sites harbor immense magma reservoirs measuring several thousand kmbeneath their surfaces. Their presence has been revealed through surface evidence such as eruptive deposits, craters, ground deformation, and gas emissions. However, in the absence of such signals, large volumes of magma can remain hidden and unsuspected deep within the Earth’s crust.


This was precisely the case in Tuscany, where reservoirs containing approximately 6,000 km3 of volcanic fluids at depths of 8–15 km within the continental crust were discovered by a team from the UNIGE, with contributions from researchers at the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG-CNR) and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV).


Although this magma body could, in theory, contribute to the formation of a supervolcano over geological timescales, it currently poses no threat. “We knew that this region, which extends from north to south across Tuscany, is geothermally active, but we did not realize it contained such a large volume of magma, comparable to that of supervolcanic systems such as Yellowstone,” explains Matteo Lupi, associate professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at UNIGE’s Faculty of Science, who led the study.


An X-ray of the deep subsurface
This molten rock was detected using ambient noise tomography, a subsurface imaging technique widely used in seismology. It makes it possible to “X-ray” the Earth’s crust by harnessing natural environmental vibrations generated by ocean waves, wind, or human activity. As these signals travel through the ground, they are recorded by high-resolution seismic sensors deployed at the surface — around 60 instruments were used in this study. When seismic waves propagate at unusually low velocities, this can indicate the presence of molten material such as magma.


Combined analysis of the recordings made it possible to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the internal structure of the covered area. "These results are important both for fundamental research and for practical applications, such as locating geothermal reservoirs or deposits rich in lithium and rare earth elements, which are used, for example, in electric vehicle batteries. In addition to their great scientific interest, these studies show that tomography, by exploring the subsoil quickly and at low cost, can be a useful tool for the energy transition," concludes Matteo Lupi.

Thursday, April 09, 2026


The Horn Of Africa States: New Frontiers In Canadian And African Union Trade And Investments – OpEd


Image: Grok


April 9, 2026 

By Dr. Suleiman Walhad


For much of the historical relations between Canada and Africa, the continent remained largely off the radar for Canadian investors, with engagement restricted to a few essential opportunities that primarily served Canadian interests. Historically, these interactions were rooted in resource extraction instead of genuine mutual partnership. However, recent years have seen a departure from this one-sided approach, evolving into a more sophisticated cooperation grounded in shared economic growth. This shift reached a defining moment with the launch of Canada’s first comprehensive Africa Strategy in 2025, which explicitly moves away from a donor–recipient model toward one centered on mutual prosperity and economic diplomacy.

The groundwork for this modern partnership goes back to 2009 when Canada became a Permanent Observer to the AU. The momentum accelerated between 2020 and 2025, beginning with the first High-Level Dialogue in 2022. Canada deepened its institutional commitment by appointing a Permanent Representative and opening a diplomatic mission in Addis Ababa. This presence enables closer alignment between Canadian commercial priorities and the AU’s long-term development blueprint, Agenda 2063.

At the core of this evolving relationship is the Africa Trade Hub, a flagship initiative designed to support Canadian businesses operating on the continent. It is a way to replace the traditional aid-based relationships toward a model of mutual economic partnership. It facilitates economic engagement by helping small and medium-sized enterprises navigate the complexities of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). By supporting AfCFTA, Canada is investing in the emergence of a unified market projected to engage Africa’s growing 1.6 billion people consumer market on an unprecedented scale for trade and investment.

It is where one must note that the continent holds over 30% of the world’s critical minerals essential for the global energy transition, including major shares of cobalt (55%), gold (40%), chromium and platinum (80-90%), and lithium, key inputs for batteries, renewable energy systems, and clean technologies. In agriculture, Africa possesses roughly 65% of the world’s remaining uncultivated arable land, with its food and agriculture market projected to reach $1 trillion by 2030.

Renewable energy including 60% of the world’s best solar capacity, is another major opportunity, alongside significant untapped hydro (only 8% tapped), wind, and geothermal capacity. Additionally, the continent’s blue economy, encompassing fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, energy, and maritime industries, already contributes billions annually, with strong growth potential. Investments in these sectors can only improve and grow the contribution of the continent to the world’s economy.

Historically, Canada’s economic footprint in Africa has been dominated by mining, with assets valued at approximately $46 billion. However, the nature of this engagement is shifting. The traditional dig and ship model is giving way to investments in local processing and value addition. For example, projects like the Kamoa-Kakula complex in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are integrating advanced smelting capabilities to produce high-purity copper domestically. Similarly, initiatives in Botswana are advancing the production of battery-grade manganese within the region.


This emphasis on local processing represents a key competitive advantage for Canadian firms. Unlike some global competitors that export raw materials for offshore refinement, Canada’s approach is shifting towards industrialization within Africa, to generate skilled employment, reduce logistical costs, and strengthen long-term partnerships through enhanced local value creation.

While mining remains important, increasing attention is being directed toward manufacturing, agribusiness, and digital infrastructure. Emerging industrial hubs in countries such as Morocco and Rwanda highlight the continent’s growing appeal as an alternative to traditional global supply chains. These investments also address demographic dynamics by creating employment opportunities for Africa’s rapidly expanding youth population, helping to foster economic stability and a growing middle class.

Institutions like FinDev Canada are playing a pivotal role in this transition by supporting private-sector development and de-risking investments in key sectors. At the same time, new opportunities are emerging in under-engaged regions such as the Horn of Africa States region, where improving political and economic conditions are beginning to attract Canadian interest. The region offers opportunities not only in the energy sector but also in other minerals like copper, manganese, iron ore, lithium, gold and much more.

Ultimately, the future of Canada–AU relations lies in replacing aid dependency with sustainable economic collaboration. The traditional humanitarian processes are no longer welcome in the continent and the strategic focus is now on trade, investment, technology transfer, and infrastructure development. The ongoing crises in many other regions in the supply chains are refocusing on the continent, which can provide most of the goods disrupted through violence in other regions of the world. This evolution reflects a broader recognition that a prosperous and industrialized Africa is not only beneficial for the continent but also aligns with Canada’s long-term economic and geopolitical interests.

As the partnership continues to mature, it stands as a compelling model for modern international cooperation, one defined not by dependency, but by shared growth, mutual respect, and strategic alignment.


Dr. Suleiman Walhad writes on the Horn of Africa economies and politics. He can be reached at suleimanwalhad@yahoo.com.

Wednesday, April 01, 2026

German-Chilean initiative for environmentally friendly resource extraction


KIT researchers checking suitability of Atacama desert brine deposits for environmentally friendly extraction of critical raw materials




Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

Chilean and German geologists are sampling volcanic reservoir systems during a multi-week research campaign in the Atacama Desert. 

image: 

Chilean and German geologists are sampling volcanic reservoir systems during a multi-week research campaign in the Atacama Desert.

view more 

Credit: Valentin Goldberg, KIT





The European Union’s Critical Raw Materials Act requires member states to ensure that their supply of strategically important raw materials is more resilient. In the future, at least ten percent of Europe’s needs must be met domestically. Even if this target is met, Germany will still import the majority of its critical raw materials. Chile is a key partner in this regard, as affirmed recently by the institutionalized German-Chilean partnership on raw materials and energy based in Santiago de Chile. 

 

“Conventional mining is coming under increasing criticism,” said Dr. Fabian Nitschke from KIT’s Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW) and a co-founder of the BRIDGE (German-Chilean Institute for Element Extraction from Brines and Integrated Geological Reservoir Modeling) initiative. “The status quo takes a toll on the people and ecosystems there. We want to show that resource extraction can work differently – more benign, environmentally friendlier, and in close partnership with the local people – in Chile and in Germany.”

 

Research Campaign in the Atacama Desert

In Chile’s Atacama Desert, lithium is typically produced in large ponds in which brine solutions are concentrated at the surface over months or years by evaporation. “By evaporating water in the sun, this method doesn’t need much external energy input, but it has a major impact on the surface of salt lakes and can usually extract only about 50 percent of the dissolved lithium,” said Dr. Valentin Goldberg, also from the AGW and a co-founder of BRIDGE. Thus, the initiative’s objective, according to Goldberg, is to use alternative methods that work without needing lengthy evaporation and large areas while enabling more efficient use of resources. 

 

“We’re testing direct extraction methods in which critical raw materials can be directly removed from the solutions using selective materials or chemical processes. These materials work like chemical filters that are designed to collect specific elements,” said Dr. Fabian Jeschull from KIT’s Institute for Applied Materials, who is also involved in the BRIDGE initiative. “After extraction, we return the solutions to the natural reservoirs to maintain a neutral water balance.”

 

To test the conditions under which such processes can be used, researchers are analyzing various mineral brine deposits in the Atacama Desert. During a research campaign lasting several weeks, geologists from Chile and Germany are sampling salt lakes and volcanic reservoir systems and analyzing their chemical and isotopic composition. “We want to know what resources these brines contain in addition to lithium, and how we can best extract them,” Goldberg said.

 

The researchers are also analyzing the deposits as integrated systems, considering their geological reservoirs, material flows, and potential processing methods. “We’re also taking into account the geothermal heat stored in the fluid. It can be used to provide energy for the extraction process,” Goldberg said, adding that the basic objective of BRIDGE is the development of resource extraction processes that reduce the impact on landscapes and ecosystems while also significantly decreasing energy consumption and emissions.

 

Application Also Possible in Europe

The research campaign in Chile is taking place in close consultation with representatives of local indigenous communities to promote transparency and local participation, thus ensuring public acceptance of future extraction projects. These communities could benefit indirectly from scientific monitoring of the water balance, from geothermal energy extraction, and possibly even from drinking water supplied by processed geothermal water. “Our joint research is by no means limited to use in Chile,” Nitschke said. “The partnership will also enable knowledge transfer to Germany, especially from extensive experience with lithium extraction in Chile, and it brings new opportunities for reservoirs in Germany and Europe.“

 

About BRIDGE

The German-Chilean BRIDGE initiative develops methods for evaluating and exploiting fluid reservoirs with a view to extracting critical raw materials. The German partners are KIT, the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, and the Deutsche Rohstoffagentur; the Chilean partners are the University of Chile and Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), the Chilean government’s national geological and mining service. Germany’s Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space is funding the establishment of the BRIDGE partnership with Chile

More Information

More about the KIT Energy Center

Saturday, March 28, 2026

Unravelling active magma by drilling in the heart of volcanoes




Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München





LMU volcanologists decipher the behavior of magma beneath an active volcano and reveal how it reacts to drilling.

Although volcanic eruptions are spectacular natural events that occur around the world every day, most volcanoes spend the majority of their time not erupting. To accurately forecast volcanic activity, it’s important to characterise the magma before an eruption is imminent. A team lead by LMU volcanologist Dr. Janine Birnbaum has managed to directly reconstruct the prevailing conditions in a magma chamber for the first time and reveal how magma reacts to drilling. The results, which were published in the journal Nature, provide important insights that could improve the monitoring of magma and pave the way for new applications.

Magma slowly moves from deep within the Earth toward the surface. It often temporarily stops in the crust, where it may reside for years, decades, or even millennia. In that time, it cools, crystallizes, ingests the surrounding crustal rocks, and loses or gains dissolved gases – primarily water and carbon dioxide – that power volcanic eruptions. An eruption occurs when the magma system is perturbed through the addition of heat, new magma from depth, or the formation of bubbles – like an overheated can of soda that expands and eventually bursts.

Drilling in Krafla volcanic field in Iceland

To understand how volcanoes behave between and before eruptions, it is important to have detailed information about the temperature, pressure, and gas content of the magma in the Earth’s crust. However, magma often resides deep below the Earth’s surface and is not accessible to direct measurements.

For their new study, the researchers exploited the fact that magma beneath the Krafla volcanic field in the northeast of Iceland comes surprisingly close to the surface. During operations at the Krafla Geothermal Station in 2009, the Iceland Deep Drilling Project 1 (IDDP-1) well unexpectedly intersected a magma body at a depth of just over 2 km. Cold drilling fluids dumped water on the magma, quenching it into tiny chips of glass.

When researchers looked at these chips, they encountered a puzzle: Although the quenched magma had many small bubbles, it held less dissolved gas than the magma was capable of holding at the expected temperature and pressure. To solve this question, the LMU researchers used a new numerical model which showed that the magma reacted to the drilling and lost gas before it fully solidified into glass. Previous measurements had shown that the magma requires several minutes to cool from an initial temperature of about 900 °C to become a glass at around 520 °C. According to the researchers’ hypothesis, this gives the gas enough time to escape from the melt and to cause the observed bubbles to form.

Gas escapes within five minutes

As such, the gas content in the chips of glass does not reflect the original conditions, but is the product of this dynamic process. “It’s like a blurry photo,” explains Birnbaum. “But if we know our exposure time and how fast our system moves, we can unravel where it started.” By simulating how fast the gas escapes, the researchers were able to reconstruct the original gas content. This revealed that the ‘missing’ gas was lost in under five minutes during drilling.

According to the researchers, these findings can help make future endeavors in geothermal fields on active volcanoes safer, while also paving the way for targeted drilling into magma for purposes such as monitoring and green energy extraction.

How do giant caldera volcanoes fill up?



Kobe University
260327-Seama-Reinjection-Caldera 

image: 

We know very little about the processes that lead to a reeruption of supervolcanoes such as the mostly underwater Kikai caldera in Japan (pictured) and are therefore ill-equipped to make predictions.

view more 

Credit: SEAMA Nobukazu



The magma reservoir of the largest volcano eruption of the Holocene is refilling. This Kobe University insight on the Kikai caldera in Japan allows us to understand giant caldera volcanoes like Yellowstone or Toba more generally and gets us closer to predicting their behavior, too.

Some volcanoes erupt so violently, ejecting more magma than could cover all of Central Park 12 km deep, that all that’s left is just a wide and rather shallow crater, a so-called “caldera.” Examples of such supervolcanoes are the Yellowstone caldera, the Toba caldera and the mostly underwater Kikai caldera in Japan, which last erupted 7,300 years ago in what was the largest volcano eruption in the current geological epoch, the Holocene. We know that these volcanoes can and do reerupt but we know very little about the processes that lead up to an eruption and are therefore ill-equipped to make predictions. “We must understand how such large quantities of magma can accumulate to understand how giant caldera eruptions occur,” says Kobe University geophysicist SEAMA Nobukazu.

That the Kikai caldera is mostly underwater is, in fact, an advantage to tackle questions like this. Seama explains, “The underwater location allows us to implement systematic, large-scale surveys.” Thus, the Kobe University researcher teamed up with the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and used airgun arrays that cause artificial seismic pulses together with ocean bottom seismometers that listen to how that seismic wave propagates through the Earth’s crust to understand its condition.

In the journal Communications Earth & Environment, the team now publishes its findings. They found that there is indeed a region that consists to a large degree of magma directly underneath the volcano that erupted 7,300 years ago and characterized the reservoir’s size and shape. Seama says, “Due to its extent and location it is clear that this is in fact the same magma reservoir as in the previous eruption.”

But this magma is likely not a remnant of that eruption. Researchers had become aware that in the center of the caldera a new lava dome has been forming over the past 3,900 years, and chemical analyses showed that the material produced by this and other recent volcanic activity is of a different composition than what was ejected in the last giant eruption. “This means that the magma that is now present in the magma reservoir under the lava dome is likely newly injected magma,” summarizes Seama. This allows the researchers to propose a general model for how magma reservoirs under caldera volcanoes refill.

“This magma re-injection model is consistent with the existence of large shallow magma reservoirs beneath other giant calderas like Yellowstone and Toba,” says Seama, hoping that his team’s findings may contribute to understanding the magma supply cycles following giant eruptions. He concludes, saying: “We want to refine the methods that have proved to be so useful in this study to more deeply understand the re-injection processes. Our ultimate goal is to become better able to monitor the crucial indicators of future giant eruptions.”

This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (The Third Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program (Earthquake and Volcano Hazard Reduction Research)) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant 20H00199). It was conducted in collaboration with researchers from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).

Kobe University geophysicist SEAMA Nobukazu and his team found that there is a region that consists to a large degree of magma directly underneath the volcano that erupted 7,300 years ago and characterized the magma reservoir’s size and shape. He says, “Due to its extent and location it is clear that this is in fact the same magma reservoir as in the previous eruption.”

Credit

© A. Nagaya et al. (2026), Communications Earth & Environment (DOI 10.1038/s43247-026-03347-9)

260327-Seama-Reinjection-Model 

The current survey allows the researchers to propose a general model for how magma reservoirs under caldera volcanoes refill. “This magma re-injection model is consistent with the existence of large shallow magma reservoirs beneath other giant calderas like Yellowstone and Toba,” says Kobe University geophysicist SEAMA Nobukazu.

Credit

A. Nagaya et al. (2026), Communications Earth & Environment (DOI 10.1038/s43247-026-03347-9)

Friday, March 27, 2026

Nuclear Power Equals Trump Profits 


 March 27, 2026

Image by Planet Volumes.

Nuclear power is inseparable from Donald Trump.  If you support atomic energy, you are also supporting the financial fortunes of the Trump family.

Trump is a major investor in the nuclear industry.  He has invested heavily in the development of fusion power and stands to massively profit from its proliferation.

He also controls the obliteration of the regulatory apparatus designed to guarantee its safety in the United States. Trump’s war in Iran has vastly escalated the potential threat of potentially apocalyptic drone strikes on atomic reactors, now a factor in Vladimir Putin’s war on Ukraine.

Team Trump has made a very public and effective show of tangibly attacking nuclear power’s primary replacements, wind turbines and solar panels, along with geothermal and battery backup.

He has also heavily assaulted electric vehicles, which threaten the business of his fossil fuel backers.

But neither he nor the major media have talked much about Trump’s direct financial interests in killing them off.  Or about his destruction of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and other agencies directly and indirectly promoting atomic power, from which he profits, while at the same time obliterating any reasonable assurance of public safety from the inevitable upcoming reactor disasters.

The Trump family’s money-losing Truth Social company has recently become part-owner of a major fusion nuclear power endeavor.

Among much more, the investments mean the Trump family stands to profit directly from White House attacks on wind, solar and other inexpensive, clean renewable energies, which for decades have been driving fusion, fission and fossil fuels toward economic oblivion.

“A Trump-sponsored business is once again betting on an industry that the president has championed, further entwining his personal fortunes in sectors that his administration is both supporting and overseeing,” reported an article on the front page of the business section of the New York Times last month. “This one is in the nuclear power sector. TAE Technologies, which is developing fusion energy, said…that it planned to merge with Trump Media & Technology Group. President Trump is the largest shareholder of the money-losing social media and crypto investment firm that bears his name, and he will remain a major investor in the combined company.”

The headline of the piece: “Trump’s Push Into Nuclear Is Raising Questions.”

Primary issues have to do with economic conflicts of interest and public safety.

“The deal,” the article continued, “would put Mr. Trump in competition with other energy companies over which his administration holds financial and regulatory sway. Already, the president has sought to gut safety oversight of nuclear power plants and lower thresholds for human radiation exposure.”

CNN ran an article headlined: “A $6 billion nuclear deal has Trump’s name all over it. It’s raising serious ethics questions.”

CNN reported: “Nuclear fusion companies are regulated by the federal government and will likely need Uncle Sam’s deep research and even deeper pockets to become commercially viable. The merger needs to be approved by federal regulators — some of whom were nominated by Trump.”

CNN quoted Richard Painter, chief White House ethics lawyer under President George W. Bush, as saying: “There is a clear conflict of interest here. Every other president since the Civil War has divested from business interests that would conflict with official duties. President Trump has done the opposite.” Painter is now a professor at the University of Minnesota Law School.

“Having the president and his family have a large stake in a particular energy source is very problematic,” said Peter Bradford, who previously served on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in the Times article.  The NRC, which Trump and Elon Musk’s DOGE have now gutted, was once meant to oversee the safety of the nuclear industry in the United States.

“The Trump administration has sought to accelerate nuclear power technology — including fusion, which remains unproven,” Bradford said. “That support has come in the form of federal loans and grants, as well as executive orders directing the NRC to review and approve applications more quickly.”

Still, the White House press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, said in a statement that “neither the president nor his family have ever engaged, or will ever engage, in conflicts of interest.”

And the Times piece said, “a spokeswoman for Trump Media” said the company was “scrupulously following all applicable rules and regulations, and any hypothetical speculation about ethics violations is wholly unsupported by the facts.”

It went on that “Trump’s stake in Trump Media, recently valued at $1.6 billion, is held in a trust managed by Donald Trump Jr., his eldest son. Trump Media is the parent company of Truth Social, the struggling social-media platform. The merger would set Trump Media in a new strategic direction, while giving TAE a stock market listing as it continues to develop its nuclear fusion technology.”

The Guardian quoted the CEO of Trump Media, Devin Nunes, the arch-conservative former member of the House of Representatives from California and close to Trump, who is currently chair of the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board, saying Trump Media has “built un-cancellable infrastructure to secure free expression online for Americans. And now we’re taking a big step forward toward a revolutionary technology that will cement America’s global energy dominance for generations.” Nunes is the would-be co-CEO of the merged company.

A current member of the US House, Don Beyer, a Democrat from Virginia, said in a statement quoted in Politico that the deal raises “significant concerns” about conflicts of interest and avenues for potential corruption. “The President has consistently used both government powers and taxpayer money to benefit his own financial interests and those of his family and political allies. This merger will necessitate congressional oversight to ensure that the U.S. government and public funds are properly directed towards fusion research and development in ways that benefit the American people, as opposed to the Trump family and their corporate holdings.”

By federal law (the Price-Anderson Act of 1957), the US commercial atomic power industry has been shielded from liability in the event of major accidents it might cause. The “Nuclear Clause” in every US homeowner’s insurance policy explicitly denies coverage for losses or damages caused, directly or indirectly, by a nuclear reactor accident.

As his company fuses with the atomic industry, Trump acquires a direct financial interest in gutting atomic oversight — which he has already been busy doing. In June, Trump fired Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Christopher T. Hanson.  No other president has ever fired an NRC Commissioner.

Earlier, more than 100 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff were purged by Elon Musk’s DOGE operation. There has been a stream of Trump executive orders calling for a sharp reduction in radiation standards, expedited approval by the NRC of nuclear plant license applications and a demand to quadruple nuclear power in the United States — from the current 100 gigawatts to 400 gigawatts in 2050.  Such a move would require huge federal subsidies and the virtual obliteration of safety regulations. Trump has essentially ordered the NRC to “rubber-stamp” all requests from the nuclear industry in which he is now directly invested.

Trump’s Truth Social fusion ownership stake removes all doubt about any regulatory neutrality. No presently operating or proposed US atomic reactor can be considered certifiably safe.

Trump’s fusion investments are also bound to escalate Trump’s war against renewable energy and battery storage, the primary competitors facing the billionaire fossil/nuke army in which the Trump family is now formally enlisting. That membership blows to zero the credibility of any claim nuclear reactor backers might make that atomic energy can officially be considered safe.

The NRC has long served as a lapdog to the atomic power industry.  The acronym NRC has often been said to stand for “No Real Chance” or “Nobody Really Cares.” The commission has been forever infamous for granting the industry whatever it might want, no matter the risk to public safety. It has employed some highly competent technical staff, lending some gravitas to the industry’s marginal claims to even a modicum of competence.

But the NRC is well known for trashing even its established staff.  Most notable may be the case of Dr. Michael Peck, a long-standing site inspector at California’s Diablo Canyon twin-reactor nuclear power plant. In an extensive report, Peck warned that Diablo might be unable to withstand a likely earthquake. The NRC trashed his findings. Now he’s gone from the agency altogether. His warnings have been ignored at a reactor site surrounded by more than a dozen confirmed seismic faults.

The splitting of the atom, fission, is the way the atomic bomb and nuclear power plants work up to now. Fusion involves fusing light atoms. It’s how the hydrogen bomb works, and it comes with many extremely complex health, safety, economic and ecological demands.

In an article in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Daniel Jassby, principal research physicist at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, working on fusion energy research and development for 25 years, concluded that fusion power “is something to be shunned.”

His piece was titled “Fusion reactors: Not what they’re cracked up to be.”

“Fusion reactors have long been touted as the ‘perfect’ energy source,” he wrote. And “humanity is moving much closer” to “achieving that breakthrough moment when the amount of energy coming out of a fusion reactor will sustainably exceed the amount going in, producing net energy.”

“As we move closer to our goal, however,” continued Jassby, “it is time to ask: Is fusion really a ‘perfect’ energy source? After having worked on nuclear fusion experiments for 25 years at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, I began to look at the fusion enterprise more dispassionately in my retirement. I concluded that a fusion reactor would be far from perfect, and in some ways close to the opposite.”

“Unlike what happens,” when fusion occurs on the sun, “which uses ordinary hydrogen at enormous density and temperature,” on Earth, fusion reactors that burn neutron-rich isotopes have byproducts that are anything but harmless,” he said.

A key radioactive substance involved in the fusion process on Earth would be tritium, a radioactive variant of hydrogen. Thus, there would be “four regrettable problems”— “radiation damage to structures; radioactive waste; the need for biological shielding; and the potential for the production of weapons-grade plutonium 239 — thus adding to the threat of nuclear weapons proliferation, not lessening it, as fusion proponents would have it,” wrote Jassby.

About nuclear weapons proliferation, “The open or clandestine production of plutonium 239 is possible in a fusion reactor simply by placing natural or depleted uranium oxide at any location where neutrons of any energy are flying about. The ocean of slowing-down neutrons that results from scattering of the streaming fusion neutrons on the reaction vessel permeates every nook and cranny of the reactor interior, including appendages to the reaction vessel.”

“In addition, there are the problems of coolant demands and poor water efficiency,” Jassby continues. “A fusion reactor is a thermal power plant that would place immense demands on water resources for the secondary cooling loop that generates steam, as well as for removing heat from other reactor subsystems such as cryogenic refrigerators and pumps….In fact, a fusion reactor would have the lowest water efficiency of any type of thermal power plant, whether fossil or nuclear. With drought conditions intensifying in sundry regions of the world, many countries could not physically sustain large fusion reactors.”

“And all of the above means that any fusion reactor will face outsized operating costs,” he wrote. “To sum up, fusion reactors face some unique problems: a lack of a natural fuel supply (tritium), and large and irreducible electrical energy drains….These impediments — together with the colossal capital outlay and several additional disadvantages shared with fission reactors — will make fusion reactors more demanding to construct and operate, or reach economic practicality, than any other type of electrical energy generator.”

“The harsh realities of fusion belie the claims of proponents like Trump of ‘unlimited, clean, safe and cheap energy.’ Terrestrial fusion energy is not the ideal energy source extolled by its boosters,” declared the scientist.

Of course, for Trump, whether it has to do with tariffs, health care, affordability, the democratic process … and on and on, reality is not a concern, especially when it involves public safety or legitimate profit.

Trump’s war on Iran has also vastly escalated the danger of drone attacks on atomic reactors, an apocalyptic threat now being used by Russia’s Putin against nuclear power plants in Ukraine.  Any atomic reactor (there are 94 now licensed in the US) is vulnerable to a major disaster perpetrated by a single drone strike, as would be any future fusion plants completed by Truth Social.

Amidst his escalating attacks on renewable energy and atomic safety, the Trump family’s investments in nuclear fusion live under a bad cloud that threatens us all.

Harvey Wasserman wrote the books Solartopia! Our Green-Powered Earth and The Peoples Spiral of US History. He helped coin the phrase “No Nukes.” He co-convenes the Grassroots Emergency Election Protection Coalition at www.electionprotection2024.org  Karl Grossman is the author of Cover Up: What You Are Not Supposed to Know About Nuclear Power and Power Crazy. He the host of the nationally-aired TV program Enviro Close-Up with Karl Grossman (www.envirovideo.com)