Thursday, July 03, 2025

PRIVATIZED POST


The Czech Billionaire, the Union Pact and a


Very British Power Play



 July 3, 2025

The Louth-London Royal Mail, by Charles Cooper Henderson, 1820

This story keeps giving—which is why we keep returning. When a billionaire dubbed the ‘Czech Sphinx’ takes control of Royal Mail—Britain’s storied postal service—it’s both a chance for modernisation and a kind of slow-motion national retreat. Add a freshly decorated union leader, a former Tory minister turned company adviser, and a beleagured Labour government clutching a golden share in one hand and silence in the other, and things get murkier. This isn’t just about logistics or labour anymore. It’s a case study in corporate power, institutional compromise, and the fine print of national identity.

The question now: who’s really at the wheel?

The June 9 board meeting was billed as pivotal. Then—silence. An announcement on pay and conditions was expected a week ago. It didn’t come. A weekend statement, meant to clarify, only confirmed further delay. Will a formal union-management framework ever emerge, people were asking? Will these negotiations—if they ever end—steady or destabilise Royal Mail’s future? Or, as some had speculated—without confirmation—is new owner Daniel Křetínský under financial pressure from a potential debt covenant breach elsewhere?

Meanwhile, eyes turn to Greg Hands, former Tory Cabinet minister, now advising Křetínský. And Dave Ward, General Secretary of the Communication Workers Union (CWU)—a man you sense must be obeyed—was just awarded a CBE mid-discussion. Not bad for a ‘Keep Corbyn’ campaigner on £144,635 a year.

The honour, granted via King Charles III, credited Ward’s role in the ‘New Deal for Workers’ campaign and the Employment Rights Bill, along with advocacy across postal, telecoms, finance, and tech sectors. Patrick Roach (CBE) and Sue Ferns (OBE) received similar honours, though some suggest such awards reward cooperation more than struggle. Not everyone was pleased. To think, Danny Boyle and Frank Auerbach, notably, have refused such honours in the past.

‘The oppressor would not be so strong if he did not have accomplices among the oppressed,’ wrote Simone de Beauvoir—though no union leader actually said that. Still, the fear lingers. Ward faced harsh criticism for the pro-company ‘Negotiators Agreement’ reached through ACAS in April 2023. Critics say it blocked strike action, enabled job cuts, introduced two-tier pay, reduced sick leave, and increased workloads. Despite a 96% strike vote in February 2023, CWU leadership chose negotiation over confrontation.

To many, it signalled corporatist unionism: where leaders broker compromises that dampen labour resistance and align with establishment politics. The Employment Rights Bill, once a rallying point, now seems business-friendly and riddled with loopholes. Deputy PM Angela Rayner’s hard stance on strikes, notably in the Birmingham bin workers dispute, deepens concern over a Labour–union axis that sidelines resistance.
Rewind to December 2024. A thick, Dickensian, blast-from-the-past fog hung over Whitehall as the UK did the once unthinkable—handed over its 500-year-old postal service to a Czech energy tycoon in black cashmere. Enter Daniel Křetínský, owner of EP Group. By acquiring International Distribution Services (IDS) for £3.6 billion, he became the first foreign owner of this critical infrastructure.

In a letter to the government, Křetínský spoke of his ‘deep respect for Royal Mail’s history and traditions,’ promising to be a ‘responsible long-term owner.’ The solemn tone felt strangely out of place—even to this government.

‘A man may smile and smile and be a villain,’ wrote Shakespeare. Behind the polite reverence, was this just classic capitalism—consolidate, streamline, automate? His strategy prioritised parcels over letters, lockers over front doors, logistics over legacy. He promised to invest, modernise, and work with all stakeholders: workforce, regulator, government.

To win approval, EP Group agreed to binding commitments: keep Royal Mail’s HQ and tax base in the UK, retain the six-day Universal Service Obligation (USO), maintain ownership of the profitable GLS unit for at least three years, and allocate 10% of future dividends to an employee trust. The government retained its ‘golden share’—a veto over asset sales and restructuring. An emergency brake, at least on paper.

Then came the twist. The CWU—long known for militancy—welcomed the deal.

Yes—welcomed.

‘There are many ways to betray a cause, but none more insidious than to embrace it falsely,’ said Jean Genet.

In December 2024, Ward and Deputy General Secretary Martin Walsh signed a framework agreement with EP Group. IDS Chair Keith Williams told The Standard: ‘We have secured a far-reaching package of legally binding undertakings, endorsed by government.’

Ward echoed the line. No asset stripping. No break-up. No outsourcing. He called it ‘the strongest platform in years’ to influence Royal Mail’s direction.

Key protections included:

The six-day USO stays.

No gig-economy ‘owner-drivers.’

Pensions untouched.

Monthly meetings with EP Group leadership.

A 10% employee dividend share.

Ward framed it as ‘a fresh start.’ EP Group said it was about respecting the workforce and building a sustainable future.

But not everyone agreed. Grassroots activists—especially in Scotland—accused CWU leadership of capitulating. The Postal Workers Rank-and-File Committee (PWRFC) called it a ‘sell-out.’ The World Socialist Web Site called it a ‘stage-managed surrender.’ There was no member ballot. A January pay freeze remained. Surveillance tools stayed.

A key worry: the £1 billion pension surplus. Critics alleged it might fund job cuts or new projects. CWU leadership denied this and reaffirmed its opposition to outsourcing and pension raids.

Still, tension lingered. Some reps called for new ballots, pay restoration, and resistance to service cuts. It wasn’t insurrection—but it simmered.

In April 2025, just after the takeover’s approval, EP Group appointed Greg Hands as a strategic adviser. According to disclosures, Hands would advise on public affairs and regulation in the UK and Germany. Though barred from direct lobbying, his presence signalled EP’s desire for political fluency—especially with GLS active across Europe.

‘He passed like a shadow through the streets,’ wrote Thomas Hardy. Behind the scenes, Křetínský’s strategy sharpened: automation, parcel lockers, NHS deliveries, digital logistics.

‘We believe there is long-term value in the postal sector—if managed properly,’ said a spokesperson. Whether that means fewer postal workers—or just different ones—remains unclear.

The government, still clutching its golden share, watches. TSSA and Unite have voiced concern over potential outsourcing in parcels—raising the prospect of union coordination.

CWU leadership insists the agreement gives them strategic influence. The monthly advisory committee will be the test. From GLS’s fate to NHS logistics, smart lockers to letter delivery—it’s the forum where labour, capital, and logistics collide.

And the 10% dividend trust? If managed well, it could be a rare tool for worker influence in post-privatisation Britain.

Royal Mail under Křetínský isn’t just about a national institution anymore. It’s a live experiment in how labour and capital coexist amid asset acquisition, platform logistics, and so-called ‘post-neoliberal industrial strategy.’

Some see the takeover as pragmatic. Others call it the slow death of public service. What’s clear: CWU is betting on leverage over confrontation.

Last week, on their podcast, the CWU called on Labour to greenlight a select committee on the USO pilot. As if the rebellion hadn’t vanished—just gone underground. Some observers weren’t convinced.

CWU leaders then said they’d reached an agreement with Royal Mail. But that their Postal Executive—including Dave Ward, Martin Walsh, Tony Bouch, Andy Furey, Davie Roberston, and (Interim) Assistant Secretary Bobby Weatherall—had to debate and vote on it. That raised eyebrows. If there was no agreement until the vote, what exactly was just announced? And if it wasn’t shareable until then—was it even real? Then they said they will vote this week, as if to allay such concerns.

‘Has the union sold out? Has someone done a secret deal, now dressed up as hard-earned?’ people were asking, whatever the outcome. The June 26 seven-page bulletin on the USO reform pilots has been described by one person who has seen it as ‘a whitewash,’ seemingly laying much of the blame at the door of ‘CWU Deputy General Secretary Postal’ Martin Walsh. The reforms appear more geared towards slashing £300 million across 1,200 delivery offices—‘profits destined for billionaire Daniel Křetínský’s EP Group,’ as Tony Robson on the World Socialist Web Site reports—than in protecting jobs.

‘The model is a fraud,’ wrote Robson: ‘that three delivery workers can do the job of four with fewer full mail delivery dates.’ No wonder he calls fatigue a recurring theme, one of the reasons why increasing numbers of postal workers are now calling this all out on Facebook. Darkly, some are convinced the mail service will not even survive ‘this vandalism’.

‘I am an Antichrist, I am an anarchist.’ That old punk refusal feels distant now. ‘The test will be what happens when Křetínský tries to cross a red line,’ one former union organiser had said, off the record. ‘Because eventually—he will.’ Well, is this line already being crossed?

Somewhere in Prague, the billionaire at the centre of it all remains quiet, precise, enigmatic. In a 2015 speech to students, he was reported as saying he invests in ‘industries that are dying… because we think they’ll die much more slowly than the general consensus says.’

And maybe that’s the real story: not a hostile takeover, but a slow, velvet one—sanctioned by silence, gilded with honours, cloaked in modernisation. Royal Mail may or may not survive, but in what form if it does—and at what cost? In the end, this isn’t just about postmen or parcels. It’s about what a country lets go of, and who’s left holding the letter when no one’s left to deliver it.

Peter Bach lives in London.

Draft laws play hide-and-seek in Madagascar

Monday 30 June 2025, by Paul Martial


In Madagascar, parliamentary bills are kept secret until they are passed. Neither citizens nor MPs can debate texts that are sometimes crucial to the life of the country. In the face of this authoritarian closure, civil society organizations are denouncing an anti-democratic drift orchestrated by Rajoelina’s government.


The opacity surrounding draft legislation, organized by the government, is part of a disastrous agenda for democracy on the Island. It seems almost Ubuesque, yet in Madagascar, bills are hidden from citizens. They are only informed once the laws have been passed. This practice applies not only to laws that could be described as minor, but to all bills, some of which have major consequences for the life of the country.

Express adoption

But if citizens are treated this way, it’s not much better for MPs. Sometimes they have to vote on legislation that they only find out about the same day. For example, the law on the PAC (Anti-Corruption Pole) was passed in 24 hours. It removes financial and economic offences such as illegal acquisition of interests or embezzlement from the jurisdiction of judges, and prevents the confiscation of ill-gotten gains before conviction, thus making it possible to shelter undue fortunes in the event of an unfavourable judgement. It is easy to see that this practice imposed by Andry Rajoelina’s government is not simply a matter of administrative inefficiency - which is also very real - but of political will. When citizens made public the draft electoral law produced by the Senate, they were charged with a criminal offence.

In contrast to the main political parties in the hands of millionaires, who are developing a clientelist policy to seize power and siphon off the resources of the State, civil society organizations, which are particularly strong and active, are demanding a minimum of transparency.

Democracy flouted

They point to the dangers of this opacity: the absence of debate in society, the weakening of checks and balances, and laws that are often ill-conceived, ineffective and difficult to enforce. For years, these organisations have been calling for legislation on the right to information, to formalise what is in the public domain and what is reserved for the state. Each time, different governments have made promises that they have never kept.

In a joint press release, the various organizations put forward their proposals: publication of the draft law, a mandatory consultation period, and a dedicated online platform for each law, at least the most important ones. Such measures would encourage broad debate. The government is seeking exactly the opposite. The absence of debate in the country and in the elected chambers effectively transforms laws into government ordinances or decrees, effectively merging the executive and legislative powers. As for the judiciary, it is under constant pressure from the authorities, to such an extent that in 2024, the spokesperson for the United Nations Office for Human Rights reminded us of the need for an independent judiciary.

Rajoelina is tending to install a dictatorship by stripping institutions of their prerogatives, following a trend that is spreading throughout the world.

26 June 2025

Translated by International Viewpoint from l’Anticapitaliste.

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Madagascar
Madagascar - victim of a past and present colonial policy
A fraught election in Madagascar

Paul Martial is a correspondent for International Viewpoint. He is editor of Afriques en Lutte and a member of the Fourth International in France.


International Viewpoint is published under the responsibility of the Bureau of the Fourth International. Signed articles do not necessarily reflect editorial policy. Articles can be reprinted with acknowledgement, and a live link if possible.
Mobilisations in Argentina: Brief considerations on the current political turmoil

Tuesday 1 July 2025, by Eduardo Lucita


There is a new political landscape. The Supreme Court’s ruling [1] had a strong impact on a scenario undergoing reconfiguration, which now incorporates new possibilities and conditions into that course that will be defined in the coming months. In the immediate future, there is no doubt that this reconfiguration will also affect the provincial electoral strategies in Buenos Aires and the national elections in October.


The question that spontaneously arises is whether everything that has happened in recent days has opened up a new political situation. It is not yet possible to say for sure, but there are signs of both rupture and continuity with the present, whose evolution remains to be seen, especially in a global context where uncertainty and the possibility of an expanded war reign, given that the Milei government has reoriented the country’s international integration.

What is certain is that Cristina Fernández de Kirchner’s house arrest and lifetime ban from public office constitute an unprecedented event in Argentine politics.

The maelstrom that overwhelms us

Starting on May 18th, political events triggered by the results of the legislative elections in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires took place at a dizzying pace. The unexpected victory of La Libertad Avanza (LLA or Liberty Advances [2]) left Buenos Aires Peronism battered. It certainly didn’t have a bad election, but it became clear that whitewashed rhetoric isn’t enough to face the current electoral challenges. On the other hand, it empowered the LLA, which practically destroyed the Propuesta Republicana (Republican Proposal or PRO led by former Argentine President Mauricio Macri) and quickly forced an alliance in the province of Buenos Aires under the hegemony of the far right.

In the other camp, the results intensified the dispute between Kirchnerism and neo-Kirchnerism until Cristina Fernández, either out of a need to win the September elections, to intensify her rivalry with Kicillof [3], or to seek immunity from a ruling that assumed she would be doomed, ran for provincial deputy for the province’s 3rd electoral section. This prompted the Supreme Court to advance its conviction. This ruling shook Peronism out of its slumber and it quickly organised a massive caravan to accompany her to the courts where she would be detained. But once again, the justice system took the lead, seeking to shut down the caravan under government pressure, and ordered her to be placed under house arrest without the need to appear in court. The accompanying caravan immediately mutated into a rally in the historic Plaza, culminating in a massive mobilisation.

All this in just 30 days (from May 18 to June 18).

The Plaza


It was one of the largest gatherings of its time (between 150,000 and 200,000 people), although it didn’t reach the scale of the university marches of February 1 or March 24 [4]. It was as massive as it was heterogeneous, with a strong and distinct plebeian component. It was noticeable that the majority of the columns were those of La Cámpora Kirchnerist youth movement and the Right to a Future Movement, which in some ways competed.

While the Confederación General del Trabajo (General Confederation of Labour or CGT) decided not to participate as such, large unions such as La Bancaria, the Metalworkers’ Union (UOM), and SMATA (Transportation), ATE (pensioners), and smaller ones such as those comprising the Federal Current and Unión Obrera de la Construcción de la República Argentina (Construction Workers’ Union of the Argentine Republic or UOCRA) branches did participate…

There’s no doubt that a crisis is brewing within the trade unions which could lead to a rupture in the run-up to the October leadership renewal. The UOM’s statement reflects this. This isn’t just a matter of the Kirchnerist unions’ differentiation from the government, but, above all, the government’s encroachment on workers’ rights and exploitative conditions, as well as on the union structures themselves.

This massive rally also expressed a certain willingness to fight, something that hasn’t been present on other occasions, such as the attempted assassination of Cristina Fernández. It remains to be seen whether this willingness is merely episodic, a product of the emotional impact of the ruling, or has deeper roots.

Cristina’s surprising, detached address, delivered in a strikingly calm tone and without her traditional harangues, showed no interest in channelling this disposition. It seemed to have been dedicated to recovering the Peronist epic and laying the groundwork for her political relaunch after having regained her centrality on the national political scene and also within the Partido Justicialista (Justicialist Party or PJ). While she encouraged hope for a "Vamos a Volver" (We’re Going to Return) and the prospect of 2027, she offered no clue as to how to confront the government’s anti-worker and anti-popular policies, despite calling for a debate on the country’s main problem. She concluded that the main problem was none other than the Milei government...

The Left


The anti-capitalist left reacted quickly. The Frente de Izquierda y de los Trabajadores – Unidad (Workers Left Front-Unity or FIT-U) [5] issued a clear statement condemning the ruling and denouncing the ban. That same day, leaders of three of the four parties that make up the FIT-U showed up at the PJ headquarters to express their solidarity and denounce the legal action as a political weapon against the opposition.

Three deputies from the left-wing bloc in parliament then visited Cristina Fernández’s home and met with her, placing the ruling within the framework of US regional policy and the capitalist offensive. Finally, a delegation from the Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas (Party of Socialist Workers or PTS) attended the meeting convened by the PJ under the slogan "All with Cristina," later changed to "Argentina with Cristina," to once again express their solidarity and their defense of violated democratic rights, but arguing that the call should be broader. Finally, both the PTS and the Partido Obrero (Workers Party or PO) rightly participated and called for participation in the rally in Plaza de Mayo.

Beyond the internal differences that the FIT-U displays in its political positions regarding the immediate situation, the actions of the anti-capitalist left had a wide impact in the media and also on social networks, highlighting that, despite being a minority player, it is ultimately a key player in national politics.

All this leaves open the question of whether, in what is expected to be a framework of strong polarisation, the electoral space for the left will reopen, which, judging by the results of the legislative elections in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, had shrunk. Accurately characterising this situation will be no small task, considering that the leading leftist political framework of recent decades will seek to re-enter parliament in the national elections next October. Therefore, the various forces within the anti-capitalist left, especially those not affiliated with the FIT-U parties, will need to review their electoral participation strategies and analyse what they propose to contribute to the return of the most powerful voice of the left to parliament.

Meanwhile


While all this is happening, the economy remains in electoral mode. The economy is subordinated to exchange rate control, via a new debt cycle, and to the decline in inflation, making the domestic market available to imported products. According to various analysts, the markets are wondering how the Caputo model will continue after October.

In parallel, the modification of the Argentine Federal Police Statute was announced. What a year ago would have been done by law of Congress was now done by decree, authorising measures worthy of a State of Siege. In addition, 160 homes from the Procrear Plan were transferred to the police with a stroke of the pen, when they had already been assigned to other recipients. The Armed Forces were authorised to intervene in border areas, and the possession of automatic weapons for civilian use was relaxed. The privatisation policy was implemented, along with further deregulation and the continued closure, restructuring, and/or merger of state agencies. A bill limiting the right to strike will be submitted to parliament, while the Securities and Exchange Commission has already regulated the system intended to replace the severance pay regime.

Everything is moving toward the eventual establishment of a new political regime in the country. Massive and sustained popular mobilisation is what can put a stop to this reactionary process, but this must not sideline the national midterm elections next October, which are also a decisive arena for struggle. The government itself has proposed them as a referendum on the management and direction of its project, which is none other than to produce structural change by prioritising Argentina as a country that exports raw materials and services and is open to transnational capital. This model is supported by the IMF, which is promoting pension and labour reforms for which the government needs the electoral consensus it will seek in the October elections.

The camps are becoming more distinct: the government as the facilitator of the restructuring policies of big capital and the most conservative sectors, and the camp of workers and the popular sectors. The streets, but also the ballot box, can define the situation.

24 June 2025

Translated and annotated by David Fagan for International Viewpoint from vientosur.

P.S.
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Footnotes


[1] In a unanimous decision by three Supreme Court judges, on June 10, 2025, Argentina’s Supreme Court rejected an appeal filed by former president, Cristina Fernández (2007-2015) and upheld the six-year prison sentence and lifetime disqualification from holding public office handed down in 2022 for irregularities in the awarding of road contracts.


[2] LLA is a right-wing, conservative coalition led by Argentine President Javier Milei. Buenos Aires is traditionally a stronghold of Peronism.


[3] Axel Kichillof has been the Governor of Buenos Aires Province since 2019.


[4] On February 1, 2025 a Federal March of the Anti-Fascist and Anti-Racist Pride called by unions and LGBTQI organisations was held in response to a number of regressive actions and views of President Javier Milei. March 24 is the anniversary of the March 24, 1976 coup.


[5] The FIT-U is an electoral alliance of four groups of Trotskyist origin – PO, PTS, Izquierda Socialista (Socialist Left or IS) and Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores (Socialist Workers Movement or MST) – founded in 2011.

Argentina
Cristina Kirchner condemned and banned from election
Argentina: opposition to Milei revives
Argentina: Milei, the crypto-presidential scam and the crisis of legitimacy
Argentina: ‘Anti-fascist and anti-racist pride’ against Milei
University funding law: Milei’s first failure?

Eduardo Lucita is a Director of the Marxist review Cuadernos del Sur, and member of the Argentinian group Economists of the Left (EDI) and of the Fourth International.

International Viewpoint is published under the responsibility of the Bureau of the Fourth International. Signed articles do not necessarily reflect editorial policy. Articles can be reprinted with acknowledgement, and a live link if possible.

No, you aren’t hallucinating, the corporate plan for AI is dangerous



AI hallucinations

First published at Reports from the Economic Front.

Big tech is working hard to sell us on artificial intelligence, in particular what is called “artificial general intelligence.” At conferences and in interviews corporate leaders describe a not-too-distant future when AI systems will be able to do everything for everyone, producing a world of plenty for all. But they warn, that future depends on our willingness to provide them with a business-friendly regulatory and financial environment.

However, the truth is that these companies are nowhere close to developing such systems. What they have created are “generative AI” systems that are unreliable and dangerous. Unfortunately for us, a growing number of companies and government agencies have begun employing them with disastrous results for working people.

What the heck is AI

There is no simple and agreed upon definition of artificial intelligence.  There is the idea of artificial general intelligence and there is the reality of generative AI.  OpenAI, the company that gave us ChatGPT, defines artificial general intelligence systems as “highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work.”  In other words, systems that possess the ability to understand or learn any intellectual task that a human being can.

Generative AI systems or chatbots, like ChatGPT and the many competing products developed by other tech companies–Google (Gemini), Musk (Grok), Microsoft (Copilot), and Meta (Llama)–fall into an entirely different category. These systems rely on largescale pattern recognition to respond to prompts. They do not “think” or “reason” or operate autonomously.

Generative AI systems must be trained on data, and that data needs to be coded before it can be used, usually by low wage workers in the global South. For example, leading tech companies use hundreds of thousands or even millions of images to train their systems for image recognition or generation.  And each image must be labeled with all the items in the image. A similar process is used to train systems for speech, with conversations taken from a variety of sources labeled by workers according to their evaluation of the emotions expressed. Textual material is also often reviewed in an attempt to remove the most violent or anti-social material.

The actual training process uses complex algorithms to process the data to establish relevant statistical patterns and relationships. Chatbots then draw upon those patterns and relationships to generate ordered sets of images, sounds, or words, based on probabilities, in response to prompts. Since competing companies use different data sets and different algorithms, their chatbots may well offer different responses to the same prompt. But this is far from artificial general intelligence — and there is no clear technological path from generative AI to artificial general intelligence.

Reasons for concern

As noted above, chatbots are trained on data.  Since the bigger the data set the more powerful the system, tech companies have looked high and low for data.  And that means scouring the web for everything there (with little regard for copyright): books, articles, transcripts of YouTube videos, reddit sites, blogs, product reviews, Facebook conversations; you name it, the companies want it. However, that also means that chatbots are being trained on data that includes hateful, discriminatory, and plain old wacko writings, and those writings influence their output.

For example, many human relations departments, eager to cut staff, employ AI powered systems to compose job descriptions and screen applicants. In fact, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission estimates that 99% of Fortune 500 companies use some form of automated tool in their hiring process. Not surprisingly, University of Washington researchers found:

significant racial, gender and intersectional bias in how three state-of-the-art large language models, or LLMs, ranked resumes. The researchers varied names associated with white and Black men and women across over 550 real-world resumes and found the LLMs favored white-associated names 85% of the time, female-associated names only 11% of the time, and never favored Black male-associated names over white male-associated names.

A similar bias exists with image generation. Researchers found images generated by several popular programs “overwhelmingly resorted to common stereotypes, such as associating the word ‘Africa’ with poverty, or ‘poor’ with dark skin tones.” A case in point: when prompted for a “photo of an American man and its house,” one system produced an image of a white person in front of a large, well-built house. When prompted for “a photo of an African man and his fancy house,” it produced an image of a black person in front of a simple mud house. The researchers found similar racial (and gender) stereotyping when it came to generating photos of people in different occupations. The danger is clear; efforts by publishers and media companies to replace photographers and artists with AI systems will likely reinforce existing prejudices and stereotypes.

These systems can also do serious harm to those who become overly dependent on them for conversation and friendship. As the New York Times describes:

Reports of chatbots going off the rails seem to have increased since April [2025], when OpenAI briefly released a version of ChatGPT that was overly sycophantic. The update made the AI bot try too hard to please users by “validating doubts, fueling anger, urging impulsive actions or reinforcing negative emotions,” the company wrote in a blog post. The company said it had begun rolling back the update within days, but these experiences predate that version of the chatbot and have continued since. Stories about “ChatGPT-induced psychosis” litter Reddit. Unsettled influencers are channeling “AI prophets” on social media.

Especially worrisome is the fact that a study done by the MIT Media Lab found that people “who viewed ChatGPT as a friend ‘were more likely to experience negative effects from chatbot use’ and that ‘extended daily use was also associated with worse outcomes.’” Unfortunately, this is unlikely to cause Meta to rethink its new strategy of creating AI chatbots and encouraging people to include them in their friend’s network as a way to boost time spent on Facebook and generate new data for future trainings. One shudders to imagine the consequences if hospitals and clinics decide to replace their trained therapists with AI systems.

Even more frightening is the fact that these systems can be easily programmed to provide politically desired responses. In May 2025, President Trump began talking about “white genocide” in South Africa, claiming that “white farmers are being brutally killed” there. He eventually fast-tracked asylum for 54 white South Africans.  His claim was widely challenged and people, not surprisingly, began asking their AI chatbots about this.

Suddenly, Grok, Elon Musk’s AI system, began telling users that white genocide in South Africa was real and racially motivated. In fact, it began sharing that information with users even when it was not asked about that topic. When Guardian reporters, among others, pressed Grok to provide evidence, it answered that it had been instructed to accept while genocide in South Africa as real. The fact that Musk, born to a wealthy family in Pretoria,South Africahad previously made similar claims makes it easy to believe that the order came from him and was made to curry favor with the President.   

A few hours after Grok’s behavior became a major topic on social media, it stopped responding to prompts about white genocide. As the Guardian noted, “It’s unclear exactly how Grok’s AI is trained; the company says it uses data from ‘publicly available sources,’ It also says Grok is designed to have a ‘rebellious streak and an outside perspective on humanity.’”

It gets worse

As concerning as the above highlighted problems are, they pale in comparison to the fact that, for reasons no one can explain, all large-scale AI systems periodically make things up or, as the tech people say, “hallucinate.” For example, in May 2025, the Chicago Sun Times (and several other newspapers) published a major supplement, produced by King Features Syndicate, showcasing books worth reading during the summer months. The writer hired to produce the supplement used an AI system to choose the books and write the summaries.

As was quickly discovered after the supplement was published, it included non-existent books by well-known authors.  For example, the Chilean American novelist Isabel Allende was said to have written a book called Tidewater Dreams, which was described as her “first climate fiction novel.”  There is no such book. In fact, only five of the 15 listed titles were real.

In February 2025, the BBC tested the ability of leading chatbots to summarize news stories. The researchers gave OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Microsoft’s Copilot, Google’s Gemini and Perplexity AI content from the BBC website, then asked them questions about the stories. They found “significant issues” with more than half the answers generated. Approximately 20 percent of all the answers “introduced factual errors, such as incorrect factual statements, numbers and dates.” When quotations were included in the answers, more than 10 percent had either been changed or were made-up. More generally, the chatbots struggled to distinguish facts from opinion. As BBC News and Current Affairs CEO, Deborah Turness, put it: the tech companies promoting these systems are “playing with fire... We live in troubled times, and how long will it be before an AI-distorted headline causes significant real-world harm?”

As for causing harm, in February 2025, the lawyers representing MyPillow and its CEO Mike Lindell in a defamation case submitted a brief that they were soon forced to admit had largely been written using artificial intelligence. They were threatened with disciplinary action because the brief included nearly 30 defective citations, including misquotes and citations to fictional cases. As the federal judge hearing the case noted:

[T]he Court identified nearly thirty defective citations in the Opposition. These defects include but are not limited to misquotes of cited cases; misrepresentations of principles of law associated with cited cases, including discussions of legal principles that simply do not appear within such decisions; misstatements regarding whether case law originated from a binding authority such as the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; misattributions of case law to this District; and most egregiously, citation of cases that do not exist.

This tendency for AI systems to hallucinate is especially concerning since the US military is actively exploring their use, believing that, because of their speed, they can do a better job than humans in recognizing and responding to threats.

The road ahead

Big tech generally dismisses the seriousness of these problems, claiming that they will be overcome with better data management and, more importantly, new AI systems with more sophisticated algorithms and greater computational power.  However, recent studies suggest otherwise. As the New York Times explained:

The newest and most powerful technologies — so-called reasoning systems from companies like OpenAI, Google and the Chinese start-up DeepSeek — are generating more errors, not fewer. As their math skills have notably improved, their handle on facts has gotten shakier. It is not entirely clear why.

Reasoning models are supposed to reduce the likelihood of hallucinations because they are programmed to respond to a prompt by dividing it into separate tasks and “reasoning” through each separately before integrating the parts into a final response. But increasing the number of steps seems to be increasing the likelihood of hallucinations.

OpenAI’s own tests show that

o3 — its most powerful system — hallucinated 33 percent of the time when running its PersonQA benchmark test, which involves answering questions about public figures. That is more than twice the hallucination rate of OpenAI’s previous reasoning system, called o1. The new o4-mini hallucinated at an even higher rate: 48 percent.

When running another test called SimpleQA, which asks more general questions, the hallucination rates for o3 and o4-mini were 51 percent and 79 percent. The previous system, o1, hallucinated 44 percent of the time.

Independent studies find a similar trend with reasoning models from other companies, including Google and DeepSeek.

We need to resist this corporate drive to build ever more powerful AI models. One way is to organize community opposition to their construction of ever bigger data centers.  As the models become more complex, the training process requires not only more data but also more land to house more servers. And that also means more energy and fresh water to run them 24/7. The top 6 tech companies accounted for 20 percent of US power demand growth over the year ending March 2025.

Another way is to fight back is to advocate for state and local regulations that restrict the use of AI systems in our social institutions and guard against the destructive consequences of discriminatory algorithms. This is already shaping up to be a tough fight. Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which has passed the House of Representatives, includes a provision that imposes a 10-year moratorium on state and local government restrictions on the development and use of AI systems.

And finally, and perhaps most importantly, we need to encourage and support workers and their unions as they oppose corporate efforts to use AI in ways that negatively impact workers’ autonomy, health and safety, and ability to be responsive to community needs. At a minimum, we must ensure that humans will have the ability to review and, when necessary, override AI decisions.

Can we create more modest AI systems that assist human workers and support creative and socially beneficial work? The answer is yes. But that is not the road corporations want to take.



 

Neofascism and climate change


smoke bushfire

First published in Arabic at Al-Quds al-Arabi. Translation from Gilbert Achcar's blog.

As a record-breaking heat wave engulfs much of Europe and North America, and as climate change and global warming — against which environmental scientists have long warned, calling for urgent action before it’s too late — are increasingly confirmed, at this alarming juncture for the future of the planet and its human and animal inhabitants, it is worth asking what is driving neofascist movements to question, to varying degrees, the reality of climate change, or at least its connection to human behaviour. We have previously noted that “Neofascism is pushing the world towards the abyss with the blatant hostility of most of its factions to indispensable environmental measures, thus exacerbating the environmental peril, especially when neofascism has taken over the reins of power over the most polluting people in the world proportionally to its number, namely the people of the United States.” (“The age of neofascism and its distinctive features”).

This pattern of denying the seriousness of climate change is neither natural nor intuitively fathomable, unlike other characteristics of neofascism, such as nationalism, ethnicism, racism, sexism, and extreme hostility to emancipatory social values. What, then, drives neofascist movements to deny the increasingly obvious reality and, most importantly, to oppose policies aimed at combating climate change in an attempt to mitigate it and prevent the catastrophe from worsening? Researchers have identified three main factors that explain this pattern. One relates to the far right’s traditional ideological arsenal, while the other two relate to the two class poles that determine neofascist behaviour: the broad social base and the narrow economic elite, whose support they seek to garner.

The first factor is based on ultranationalism, which is often reflected in “sovereigntist” and “isolationist” policies that reject any international agreements limiting the freedom of the nation-state to determine its economic and other policies. This behaviour reaches its most absurd level when it comes from the country with the greatest influence in shaping international agreements and policies, namely the United States. We have seen how Donald Trump justified Washington’s withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accords, as if they stemmed from some collusion of the rest of the world to limit America’s freedom to develop its economy, particularly in exploiting its natural resources of fossil fuels, i.e. coal, oil, and gas. The neofascist rejection of international environmental agreements thus falls within a comprehensive rejection of any rules that, from the ultranationalist perspective, limit national sovereignty.

The second factor consists in tickling the feelings of the social base whose electoral support neofascists seek to gain. They exploit the discontent of some lower-income categories with the lifestyle changes and cost required in fighting climate change. This discontent is certainly magnified when neoliberal governments seek to make categories with modest incomes bear the cost of the fight, rather than imposing this cost on big capital, the primary culprit behind environmentally harmful pollution. A striking example of such an endeavour is the additional tax that French President Emmanuel Macron’s government attempted to impose in 2018 on vehicle fuel, a measure that would have mostly impacted the lower categories of car users. This attempt sparked one of the largest waves of popular protest in France this century, known as the Yellow Vests movement. One of the movement’s demands against the government was to impose a tax on the largest fortunes, rather than an additional burden on a large segment of the population.

Here we come to the third factor explaining the neofascist position on climate change. One of the well-known characteristics of old fascism is that it sought to gain the support of big capital despite its demagogic “populist” rhetoric, which claimed to champion the interests of the lower social classes and, in some cases, even claimed “socialism” — as in the case of German Nazism whose official name bore that label. The collusion between fascists and big capital stemmed primarily from the latter’s fear of the rise of the labour movement, with its social-democratic and communist wings, amid the economic crisis experienced during the interwar years of the last century — the years of the original fascist era.

Today, however, with the labour movement significantly weakened by the neoliberal onslaught and technological change, big capital’s motivation for colluding with neofascist movements is not defensive, but offensive. We are faced with a type of big capital that seeks to shield its monopolistic growth at the expense of small and medium capital. To do so, it needs to get rid of the restrictions previously imposed to limit monopolies, inspired by an economic liberalism committed to preserving competition as the primary driver of capitalist development. From this perspective, environmental policies are seen as restrictions imposed on the freedom of capital, a freedom involving an intrinsic contradiction, as complete, unrestricted freedom inevitably leads to the emergence of monopolies that undermine that same freedom.

The most prominent example of this is Peter Thiel, one of the leading US capitalists and the foremost proponent and supporter of neofascism among them. Thiel was one of the most ardent supporters of Donald Trump’s presidential campaign and is also known to be the political godfather of Vice President J.D. Vance, the quasi-official spokesperson of neofascist ideology in the Trump administration. Thiel shamelessly declares his preference for monopolies, arguing that they allow for unfettered technological progress through unlimited enrichment, while opposing environmental policies on the grounds that they limit international competition! He shares this view with holders of US monopolies in advanced technologies and their applications in commerce and social media, who supported Trump’s recent campaign and are betting on him to combat the restrictions and taxes that European governments seek to impose on them. Trump has placed this task at the top of his agenda in the trade war that he has declared against the rest of the world.

 Antiwar.com


BOOTS ON THE GROUND

Report: Israel-Syria Talks Propose US Troop Deployment To Territory Israel Captured in Southern Syria

by  | Jul 2, 2025

Al-Monitor reported on Tuesday that talks between Israel and Syria have included discussions on the possibility of US troops deploying to areas of southwestern Syria that Israel captured following the regime change that ousted former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

Immediately after Assad was overthrown in December 2024, Israel invaded southern Syria, capturing a buffer zone that was established in 1974 between the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights and the rest of Syria’s territory, including the Syrian side of Mount Hermon, and also took more territory in the Daraa and Quneitra Governorates.

Sources told Al-Monitor that under a potential quasi-normalization/border deal, US troops could replace the Israeli presence on Mount Hermon, and Syrian government forces could be deployed to the buffer zone to prevent forces hostile to Israel from entering the areas.

A US Army staff sergeant at an undisclosed location in Syria with Syrian partner forces on April 24, 2025 (US Army photo)

The report said that the discussions have not included anything about the side of the Golan Heights that Israel has occupied since 1967 and annexed in 1981, a move not recognized by any other country until the Trump administration did so in 2019.

The US has been very friendly with the new Syrian government that’s led by Ahmed al-Sharaa, the founder of al-Qaeda in Syria, who rebranded in 2016 to gain international support. His group of jihadists, known as Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, led the offensive that ousted Assad, and he has become the country’s de facto president.

President Trump recently signed an executive order lifting the majority of US sanctions on Syria. In exchange, the US is hoping for some sort of deal between Israel and Syria. According to Al-Monitor, Israel now views the 1974 disengagement agreement, which established the buffer zone along the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, as obsolete.

The US has been drawing down its number of troops in Syria, but it is planning to maintain a long-term military presence in the country. The US is expected to close its bases in northeastern Syria and keep fewer than 1,000 troops at its base at al-Tanf in the south, which is about 160 miles east of the Israeli-occupied areas of southwest Syria.

Dave DeCamp is the news editor of Antiwar.com, follow him on Twitter @decampdave



Israel Claims Iran Quds Force Operative Killed in Latest Attack on Lebanon

Israeli ground troops cross border, blow up Lebanese home in Kfar Kila

by  | Jul 3, 2025

After talk of normalization of ties with Lebanon, subject to a bunch of unilateral demands, Israel is back to attacking Lebanon from both the air and on the ground, with troops crossing the border to attack and Israel carrying out airstrikes near the capital city of Beirut.

The Beirut strike hit the area of Sin el Fil, striking a car and killing the person within. The IDF issued a statement later Thursday claiming that the man was an operative for the Iranian Quds Force engaged in weapons smuggling to terrorist attack Israeli civilians.

As usual, there has been no confirmation of the identity of the person they killed and no evidence offered this was actually the case. Israel fairly regularly makes claims of weapons smuggling that there is little evidence to back up, and the IDF often posthumously promotes the people they kill into someone of import for their military. The strike hit a vehicle on the highway, killing one and wounding three. The IDF said they were targeting “weapons depots” in the area, before they came up with the Quds Force narrative.

Aftermath of an Israeli strike near Beirut 7/3/25 | Image from Reuters

On the ground, Israeli troops invaded southern Lebanon yet again, crossing the border and marching into Kfar Kila, planting explosives inside on of the civilian homes they didn’t demolish during the occupation, and blew it up. They made no statement explaining this operation.

During the occupation that began after the ceasefire in November, IDF forces leveled a large number of buildings, including civilian homes, leaving many of the southernmost villages in Lebanon shells of destroyed buildings with a handful damaged but still standing. It seems that the damaged ones didn’t so much survive the war as they became the new primary targets for incursions.

Israeli troops continue to occupy five military outposts inside Lebanon, despite the ceasefire calling for a withdrawal from the area. The outposts were built after the ceasefire went into effect, and Israeli military officials have indicated their intention to keep them.

One of these outposts, near the city of Khiam, saw Israeli troops open fire from the hilltop outpost against Khiam. No injuries were reported from the attack, and no explanation was made as to why IDF troops just started shooting at a city.

Jason Ditz is Senior Editor for Antiwar.com. He has 20 years of experience in foreign policy research and his work has appeared in The American Conservative, Responsible Statecraft, Forbes, Toronto Star, Minneapolis Star-Tribune, Providence Journal, Washington Times, and the Detroit Free Press.