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Showing posts sorted by date for query orangutan. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Thursday, April 16, 2026

World's oldest gorilla celebrates birthday at Berlin Zoo
04/13/2026

Lady Fatou, known as the "grand dame" of the Berlin Zoo, was certified last year by Guinness as the oldest living gorilla in the world.


When you're a 69-year-old gorilla, you get vegetables as a birthday gift
Image: Markus Schreiber/AP Photo/picture alliance

At 69 years old, Lady Fatou on Monday became not only the Berlin Zoo's longest-residing tenant but also maintained her title as the oldest gorilla in the world.

Born somewhere in West Africa in 1957, she arrived in Europe at the port of Marseilles in 1959 in the luggage of a French sailor. According to the Berlin Zoo, the sailor found himself unable to pay his bill at a tavern and gave Fatou to the landlady as payment. From there, she soon ended up in the German capital.

Fatou is a western lowland gorilla. In the wild they usually don't live past their 40s, and even in captivity 50 is considered advanced old age.

In 1974 she gave birth to Dufte, the first gorilla born at the Berlin Zoo. Although her daughter passed away in 2001, Fatou's granddaugther M'penzi still keeps her co
mpany in Berlin. She has at least three great-great-great grandchildren as of 2026.

Fatou's favorite foods are usually pre-cooked, as the grand dame no longer has teeth
Image: Markus Schreiber/AP Photo/picture alliance

"We are very proud to have been able to accommodate an animal with us now for more than half a century. We are pleased that Fatou is in such good health despite her age," zoo director Andreas Knieriem said on one of her previous birthdays.

Nowadays, Fatou has her own private enclosure and staff members dedicated solely to her care. She prefers to sit back and watch the other gorillas play rather than get involved in the action, zoo workers say.

Edited by: Louis Oelofse
 reports on gender equity, immigration, poverty and education in Germany.


OUTLAW PALM OIL

Critically endangered Borneo orangutan born at Madrid zoo

A Borneo orangutan in the Madrid Zoo Aquarium gave birth in early April to a healthy baby, the zoo said. Habitat loss and the illegal wildlife trade have severely curtailed the number of these gentle primates living in the wild.


Issued on: 15/04/2026
By: FRANCE 24

A critically endangered Bornean orangutan holds her newborn at Madrid Zoo Aquarium after the infant's birth on April 2. © Madrid Zoo Aquarium via AFP

A critically endangered Borneo orangutan has been born at Madrid's zoo, described by keepers as strong and developing normally.

After an eight-and-a-half-month pregnancy, mother Surya gave birth to a male weighing about 1.5 kilos on April 2, the Madrid Zoo Aquarium said in a statement.

The zoo released a video showing Surya cradling the newborn, which will be named through a public vote from a list of options proposed by the caretakers.

Surya has now given birth to four offspring, with keepers describing her maternal care from the outset as exemplary, and the baby feeding regularly, a key indicator of healthy development.

In this handout photo released on April 14, 2026 by Madrid Zoo Aquarium, Surya, a female Bornean orangutan, cradles her newborn shortly after its birth on April 2, 2026 at the Madrid Zoo Aquarium, in Madrid. © Madrid Zoo Aquarium via AFP


"When the baby is nursing, everything stops. She stays completely still until he finishes, and only then moves to eat or do anything else. She is a real supermom," said Maica Espinosa, a primate keeper at the zoo.

Orangutans usually give birth to a single baby or occasionally twins. They give birth, at the most, once every six years, and the interval between babies can be as long as 10 years.

Surya, a female Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), cradles her newborn. © Madrid Zoo Aquarium via AFP

The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies Bornean orangutans – known for their dark brown fur and gentle temperament – as "critically endangered", citing rapid habitat loss and illegal wildlife trade as major threats.

The species lives in the wild only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and on the island of Borneo, which is divided among IndonesiaMalaysia and Brunei.

(FRANCE 24 with AFP)

Saturday, April 11, 2026

New study reveals great apes mirror facial expressions with surprising precision



Research suggests that orangutans and chimpanzees replicate happy facial expressions in ways similar to humans




University of Portsmouth





New research from the University of Portsmouth has found that great apes exhibit exactness in mimicking one another’s facial expressions in social contexts. 

The study, published by Nature’s Scientific Reports, explored how orangutans and chimpanzees mirror expressions during social interactions, particularly laugh faces, drawing comparisons with human behaviours such as the Duchenne smile - a genuine smile that engages both the mouth and eyes. 

The research, supported by a Royal Society Research Grant and funded by the Department of Science, Innovation and Technology, Leakey Foundation and the FEELIX GROWING project, reviewed behaviours of 96 great apes and investigated whether the animals mirrored each other's laugh faces within three seconds, examining both with and without their upper teeth exposed. 

It analysed the behaviours of 39 orangutans and 57 chimpanzees living in eight separate groups, comprising a mix of ages and genders. 

The study showed that the animals were most likely to mirror each other's expressions when the upper teeth were not exposed, as this is a gentler expression. These accurate ways of matching can help people better understand others’ emotions and predict how they might behave.  

Measuring this mimicry provides scientists with unique insights into face-to-face exchanges, allowing them to test how exact the responses of primates really are.  While humans are known for having precise and versatile language, this study suggests that great apes 10-16 million years ago already matched the level of facial communication exactness seen in humans - an ability that gave them important advantages. 

The research also explored play duration and play intensity, analysing whether the length of a play session was linked to how likely the animals were to mirror their playmate's expression.  

When orangutans engaged in longer play sessions, they showed a greater precision in mirroring their playmate's expression.   

Lead author Diane Austry, who completed her Masters at the University of Portsmouth, said: “What we found was remarkable - these animals don't just replicate a general expression, they copy the exact same facial movement pattern their social partner uses, much like when a human mirrors another person's natural Duchenne smile. 

“The apes showed the same pattern for both automatic rapid responses as well as more delayed responses.” 

Dr Marina Davila Ross, co-author and Associate Professor in Comparative Psychology at the University of Portsmouth, said: “This level of explicit replication wasn't previously known across the great apes. What's more, these expressions are shared with humans – previous research measuring muscle activity shows that chimpanzees and humans use the same muscles to produce laugh faces. This points to a real complexity in positive communication across great apes.” 

While both orangutans and chimpanzees showed such level of exactness in their facial responses, they seemed to differ in how this was done. The chimpanzees appeared to avoid mimicking the upper tooth rows of their social partners in order not to signal risky play, which might be disadvantageous to match, at least when interacting with older partners or males. 

Dr Davila-Ross from the University of Portsmouth’s School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences and Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology added: “In the future, we are interested in exploring how these expressions might be used beyond play. 

“The concept of evolutionary continuity is fascinating - in humans, smiles serve many purposes, from expressing happiness to conveying mockery, so it would be interesting to examine these expressions outside of a play context.” 

The orangutans involved in this study lived at the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC) near to Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve in Malaysia. The chimpanzees lived in large outdoor enclosures in the Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage (CWO) in Zambia. 

Saturday, March 28, 2026


Donald Trump takes credit for transgender ban at LA's 2028 Olympics




FRANCE24
Issued on: 27/03/2026 
Play (05:09 min)



PRESS REVIEW – Friday, March 27: We look at reactions in the Indian press after parliament approved a controversial law which critics say will curtail the rights of transgender people. The International Olympic Committee makes a landmark ruling to forbid transgender female athletes from participating in female events, beginning with LA's 2028 Olympics. A bandaged Lindsey Vonn graces the cover of Vanity Fair and talks about her Winter Olympics ordeal. Plus: Japan's viral Punch the monkey has found love!


India's parliament has passed a law that will roll back rights for transgender people. The move is sparking a lot of reaction. As Human Rights Watch explains, the bill amends the 2014 law in which the Indian government recognised transgender people as a third gender. Under the controversial legislation passed this week, it will now remove the right to self-identify and limit recognition to those defined by physical or biological traits. There are an estimated 2 million transgender people in India, although the real number is believed to be much higher.

Indian MP Derek O'Brien writes in the Indian Express that the bill will require the mandated reporting of gender-affirming surgery by the medical board and local authorities. He says this will violate the principles of personal liberty and essentially force people to disclose their transgender identity. Authorities say it will better protect them, but O'Brien argues that it will reinforce the conditions that make protecting them necessary.

The Hindu, another Indian paper, reports that the bill now awaits the approval of Droupadi Murmu, the Indian president. Amidst widespread protests, the All Indian feminist alliance penned a letter to her, urging not to sign it. They condemned the "undue and unjustifiable haste" with which the bill was passed.

Meanwhile, the International Olympic Committee has moved to ban transgender female athletes from competing in future women's Olympic events. The Guardian reports that Kirsty Coventry, the IOC president, said the landmark decision was taken because it is not fair for biological males to compete in the female category. The IOC's decision will ban transgender women athletes from the female category of events at the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics and future Games. Athletes who wish to compete in the female category will have to undergo a one-time SRY masculinity gene test. The decision also extends to DSD athletes, those with differences of sexual development such as Caster Semenya, the South African athlete who identifies as female but has some male chromosomes too.

The Guardian, in an analysis piece, calls the decision "seismic". It notes that four and half years ago, the IOC was hailing the participation of Laurel Hubbard, the transgender weightlifter from New Zealand. Now with this decision, it has made one the most astonishing U-turns from a governing body in modern times. The decision also reflects a changed political climate.

Elsewhere, Vanity Fair's new cover features Olympic skier Lindsey Vonn, just weeks after her horrific crash in Milan Cortina. She talks about the moments after that crash, the pain, nearly losing her leg to amputation, her long road to recovery and why she hasn't ruled out a comeback.

Finally, a baby macaque at a Japanese zoo who went viral for cuddling a plush toy has reportedly found love. You might remember Punch the monkey – we talked about him here on the press review several weeks ago. He melted hearts with his cuddling of an orangutan plush toy after being rejected by his tribe. The Times of London says Punch's many superfans can rejoice because it appears he has found love with another primate. He's been seen getting cosy with a female macaque at the monkey mountain enclosure. In an Oedipal twist, it appears that his new lady looks a lot like his mother!


BY:  Dheepthika LAURENT



France calls Olympic gender testing a 'step backwards' as other nations support policy

Paris (AFP) – France on Friday called the International Olympic Committee's new policy on gender testing to determine eligibility to compete in women's events a "step backwards", but other countries welcomed the move.

Issued on: 27/03/2026 - RFI

The International Olympic Committee's new policy on gender testing will bar transgender athletes from women's competition. © Fabrice COFFRINI / AFP

France's Sports Minister Marina Ferrari said the test, which is banned under French law, "raises major concerns, as it specifically targets women by introducing a distinction that undermines the principle of equality".

"France regrets this step backwards," Ferrari added, recalling that the IOC scrapped a similar test in 1999 "due to strong reservations from the scientific community regarding their usefulness".

The IOC announced on Thursday only "biological females" will be allowed to take part in women's events, preventing transgender women from competing.

It is re-introducing gender testing from the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics onwards in a move which will also rule out many athletes with differences in sexual development (DSD), previously known as intersex athletes.

The French minister said the new IOC policy "defines the female sex without taking into consideration the biological specificities of intersex people whose sexual characteristics present natural variations, which leads to a reductive and potentially stigmatising approach".

The IOC said there may be "rare exceptions" for DSD athletes who do not benefit from the performance-enhancing effects of testosterone.

IOC President Kirsty Coventry said on Thursday that athletes from countries where the gender test was banned would have to be tested in other countries.

"If it is illegal in a country, athletes will have the possibility when they travel to other competitions to be tested there," Coventry said.

"This is also why we're saying the policy comes into effect now, but will be implemented in LA 28. So we have time to walk through this process with everyone."

The sport of athletics introduced the gender test last year.

The president of France's athletics federation, Jean Gracia, told AFP: "The solution we have found, is that we benefit from all the occasions when athletes are outside France in order to do what is required."

Rights court says Olympic runner Semenya did not get fair trial in gender case

'Greater clarity'


New Zealand's Olympic Committee said the IOC ruling would bring greater "clarity" to future Games.

New Zealand fielded transgender weightlifter Laurel Hubbard in the women's competition at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021 in a controversial first.

NZOC chief executive Nicki Nicol said the new policy would bring "greater clarity, consistency and fairness to eligibility for the female category at the Olympic level".

Australian Olympic Committee president Ian Chesterman said the IOC had comprehensively investigated what he called a "complex issue" before making its decision.

"Harry Potter" creator JK Rowling, who has been one of the fiercest supporters of the argument that only those born female at birth are women, also welcomed the IOC's new policy.

Algerian boxer Imane Khelif sparked a row over her gender eligibility at the 2024 Paris Olympics 
© MOHD RASFAN / AFP


Rowling posted her message on X with a picture of Imane Khelif, the Algerian boxer who sparked a furore over her gender eligibility at the Paris Olympics.

The author said the "ruling by the IOC means a welcome return to fair sport for women and girls, but I'll never forget the scandal of Paris 2024, when people who consider themselves supremely virtuous and progressive publicly cheered on men punching women."

The IOC policy is in line with an executive order issued by US President Donald Trump last year which banned transgender athletes from women's sport.

Trump said on his Truth Social network the IOC's move was "only happening because of my powerful Executive Order, standing up for Women and Girls!"

Eligibility for the female category will be decided by genetic testing, which will test athletes to see if they have the SRY gene which determines whether a person is biologically male.

The test wil be carried out by a swab of the cheek or blood samples and will only take place once in an athlete's career.

Announcing the test on Thursday, IOC chief Coventry said: "I do feel that this policy is a policy that is supporting equality and fairness and the protection of the safety on the field of play."

Being male, more religious and more aggressive increases the likelihood of transphobia



A Universitat Rovira i Virgili study involving more than 300 adults from Tarragona, Barcelona and Lleida identifies religiosity and physical aggression as factors associated with higher levels of transphobia and attitudes of harassment towards trans people




Universitat Rovira i Virgili


Fàbia Morales and Jorge Dueñas, researchers from Universitat Rovira i Virgili. 

image: 

Fàbia Morales and Jorge Dueñas.

view more 

Credit: URV.





Attacks on trans people are not isolated incidents but rather the visible manifestation of a transphobia that is much more widespread than is often perceived. A new study by a research team from the Department of Psychology at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) has put the focus not on the victims of transphobia, but rather on those who discriminate and attack, and the aim of the study is clear: to better understand the origin of the hatred so that it can be prevented. According to the research, published in the journal Psychological Reports, being male and heterosexual are much higher indicators of transphobia than, for example, age and political ideology, despite the impression generated by some public debates. The results also point to two particularly decisive factors: religiosity and physical aggression.

This pioneering study is set against a worrying backdrop; despite some legal advances, LGBTIQ people continue to suffer a high level of violence and discrimination in Europe. A recent report by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2024) indicates that 64% of trans women and 63% of trans men have experienced hate-motivated violence, and that cases have increased since the previous report in 2019.

In Spain, following the sharp increase recorded in 2022, the most recent data from the Interior Ministry indicate that in 2023 there were 522 hate crimes motivated by sexual orientation and gender identity, making it the second most frequent motive for hate crimes in the country. Although there was an overall decrease in hate crimes in 2024, cases linked to LGTBI phobia continue to represent a very significant proportion of the total. Furthermore, Catalonia continues to be one of the regions in Spain where the most cases are recorded. The study’s authors also warn that the figures probably do not tell the full story as reporting these crimes remains a difficult process for many victims, especially for trans people, who often find that they have to expose themselves again to potentially hostile environments.

333 voices to draw the map of transphobia in Catalonia

To create a profile of the group that exhibits the most transphobic attitudes, the team collected data from 333 adults from Tarragona, Barcelona and Lleida, aged between 18 and 65, although more than three-quarters were between 18 and 26 years old. Of those surveyed, 69.1% identified as women, 25.5% as men and 5.4% as non-binary; 4.8% defined themselves as trans and almost all the rest as cis.

Regarding sexual orientation, 66.4% identified as heterosexual, 10.5% as gay or lesbian and 23.1% as bisexual, and the majority lived in urban areas (82%). In terms of ideology, the options “liberal” and “socialist” predominated, with a significant proportion of people classifying themselves in “other” categories.

All of them completed an online battery of questionnaires that measured the participants’ degree of transphobia and aggression towards those who do not conform to gender norms, and their decision-making style, level of religiosity, empathy and different forms of aggression (physical, verbal).

Men and heterosexuals show higher levels of transphobia

The data are clear: men exhibit significantly higher levels of both transphobia and aggression than women, with the difference in transphobic attitudes being particularly marked. They also score higher in physical and verbal aggression and lower in empathy, especially in the affective dimension, that is, the ability to share what the other person is feeling.

Sexual orientation also plays a part. According to the study, heterosexual people exhibit more transphobia than bisexual people, although there were no significant differences between different orientations in terms of the level of direct aggression. Age was not significantly related to transphobia, and showed only a minimal association with direct aggression, while political ideology presented differences without any conclusive patterns. 

Increased religiosity, increased transphobia; more aggression, more assaults

Where the study does find clear patterns is in the combination of religiosity, aggression and empathy. People with higher religiosity, measured by the degree of belief, the frequency of worship and prayer, and the importance of God in one’s life, show significantly higher levels of transphobia and attitudes of harassment towards trans people or those with non-normative gender expressions. In the models used in this study, religiosity emerges as the strongest predictor of these attitudes.

Physical and verbal aggression also play a significant role. Higher scores in physical and verbal aggression are associated with greater transphobia, with physical violence being one of the variables that best predicts direct assaults. In fact, the most complete statistical model shows that transphobia and physical aggression account for nearly 28% of the variability in assaults against trans people, with transphobia as the main predictor.

Empathy acts in the opposite way: both cognitive empathy (understanding what the other person is feeling) and, above all, affective empathy (sharing that feeling) are associated with lower levels of transphobia and aggression. People who are less able to empathise with the suffering of others are, according to the study, more likely to adopt hostile attitudes towards trans people.​​

Key for policy and prevention

The study concludes that if transphobia and aggression against trans people are to be reduced, then the main focus should be on tackling those who demonstrate religiosity and aggression, although efforts should also be made to reinforce empathy. In terms of religiosity, the study states that it is important for faith groups to put forward explicit discourses against trans discrimination, given the strong association between religiosity and transphobic attitudes. “The results do not imply that religious faith generates transphobia, but they do point to the need for religious spaces to become explicitly committed to the dignity and inclusion of trans people,” explained Jorge Dueñas, a researcher at the URV’s Department of Psychology who has participated in the research. “Religion, like any social aspect, can help to reduce stigma if it promotes clear discourses against discrimination,” he added.

Regarding aggression, the authors emphasised the need for prevention strategies to include programmes to reduce violence, especially physical violence, and to promote anger management. Such programmes, combined with educational interventions that foster affective empathy, could reduce both the rejection of trans people and the likelihood that such rejection will lead to aggression.

Despite the study’s limitations (the sample was taken from only three Catalan cities and there and featured low participation from trans and non-binary participants), the research provides a detailed map of risk factors and offers specific recommendations for future public policy and awareness-raising campaigns.


‘Exclusion With a New Name’: IOC Bans Trans Women, Those With Sex Differences From Olympics

The genetic testing put forward by the committee “fuels suspicion, invites public scrutiny, and puts already vulnerable athletes at risk,” said one advocate.



International Olympic Committee president Kirsty Coventry (center) attends
 the closing ceremony of the Milan Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games at 
Verona Olympic Arena in Verona, Italy on February 22, 2026.
(Photo by Li Ming/Xinhua via Getty Images)


Julia Conley
Mar 26, 2026
COMMON DREAMS

A new policy unveiled Thursday by the International Olympic Committee was presented as a ban on transgender athletes from participating in women’s sports—but considering just one transgender woman has participated in the international games since they have been eligible to, critics said the new rules would likely have a greater impact on cisgender women with natural variations in hormones, who have already faced degrading treatment and exclusion in the sports community for years.

IOC president Kirsty Coventry, who campaigned to lead the organization with calls to “protect” women’s sports in the Olympics, said that starting with the 2028 Summer Games in Los Angeles, athletes will be required to take a one-time genetics test with the screening using a cheek swab, blood test, or saliva sample.

“Eligibility for any female category event at the Olympic Games or any other IOC event, including individual and team sports, is now limited to biological females,” said Coventry, adding that the new policy “is based on science and has been led by medical experts.”

The IOC worked with experts to determine how to approach the issue of transgender women in sports, which in recent years has become the subject of talking points for the Republican Party in the US and other right-wing leaders. President Donald Trump signed an executive order last year barring transgender women from competing on women’s college sports teams.

The committee conducted a review not just of transgender athletes but of those who have differences in sexual development (DSD), such as being intersex, and compete in women’s sports. The review has not been publicly released, but the IOC said it found athletes born with male sexual markers had physical advantages even if they were receiving treatment to reduce testosterone.

The IOC had previously allowed transgender athletes to participate in the Olympic Games if they were reducing their testosterone levels. In 2021, a weight lifter from New Zealand, Laurel Hubbard, became the first transgender women to compete at the Olympics after transitioning.

Boxers including Lin Yu-Ting of Taiwan and Imane Khelif of Algeria have been subject to scrutiny and genetic testing regarding their sex; Lin was recently cleared to participate in World Boxing events in the female category. Both competed in the 2024 Olympics in Paris and won gold medals.

Khelif has said she naturally has the SRY gene that the IOC’s screening would test for, and that she has naturally high levels of testosterone.

Under the IOC ruling, athletes who do not have the typical female XX sex chromosomes and have DSD will also be banned from competing. People with DSD are not always aware of their status.




South African runner Caster Semenya, who has a rare genetic trait giving her elevated levels of testosterone, was subjected to genetic testing after her fellow competitors complained about her appearance when she won a gold medal in a world championship in 2009.

Genetic screening for Olympic athletes “is not progress—it is walking backward,” she told The New York Times. “This is just exclusion with a new name.”

Payoshni Mitra, executive director of the advocacy group Humans of Sport, told the Times that the new policy simply “polices women’s bodies.”

“It fuels suspicion, invites public scrutiny, and puts already vulnerable athletes at risk,” she said.


Transgender women banned from competing in Olympic games

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) on Thursday banned transgender women from competing in games, and said only "biological females" will be allowed to participate in women's events. The IOC is reintroducing testing for gender to determine eligibility, which will also rule out many athletes with differences in sexual development.


Issued on: 26/03/2026 - 
By: FRANCE 24

IOC President Kirsty Coventry said the new policy was 
'based on science'.  BULLSHIT
© Luca Bruno, AFP  

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) said on Thursday only "biological females" will be allowed to compete in women's events, preventing transgender women from competing.

The IOC is reintroducing testing for gender to determine eligibility to take part in women's events from the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics onwards.

The move will also rule out many athletes with differences in sexual development (DSD).

In a major shift of policy, the IOC is abandoning rules it brought in in 2021 which allowed individual federations to decide their own policy and is instead implementing a policy across all Olympic sports.

"Eligibility for any female category event at the Olympic Games or any other IOC event, including individual and team sports, is now limited to biological females, determined on the basis of a one-time SRY gene screening," the IOC said in a statement.

PERSPECTIVE © FRANCE 24
08:19



They will be carried out through a saliva sample, cheek swab or blood sample. It will be done once in an athlete's lifetime.

IOC president Kirsty Coventry said: "The policy we have announced is based on science and has been led by medical experts.

"At the Olympic Games even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat.

"So it is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category. In addition, in some sports it would simply not be safe."

In a press conference later, Coventry added: "I do feel that this policy is a policy that is supporting equality and fairness and the protection of the safety on the field of play."
Removes potential Trump clash

The new policy removes a potential source of conflict between the IOC and US President Donald Trump as the Los Angeles Olympics comes onto the horizon.

Trump issued an executive order banning transgender athletes from women's sport soon after he came to office.

While sports such as swimming, athletics, cycling and rowing have brought in bans, many others have permitted transgender women to compete in the female category if they lowered their testosterone levels, normally through taking a course of drugs.

World Athletics welcomed the change of tack.

"We have led the way in protecting women's sport over the last decade," said a spokesperson for track and field's international body.

"Attracting and retaining more girls and women into sport requires a fair and level playing field where there is no biological glass ceiling.

"This means that gender cannot trump biology. A consistent approach across all sport has to be a good thing."

Gender testing was first introduced at the 1968 Olympics and last used at the 1996 Atlanta Games but then scrapped after criticism from the scientific community.

The new policy is set to face some opposition too, especially in relation to athletes with DSD, the rare condition in which a person's hormones, genes and reproductive organs may have a combination of male and female characteristics.

The British Journal of Sports Medicine said in an article this month there was "no scientific data of acceptable quality regarding sport performance advantage of people with DSDs possessing an SRY gene."

It added: "Evidence regarding their athletic performance is extremely limited and problematic."

The best-known DSD athlete of recent years is South African runner Caster Semenya, the two-time Olympic women's 800m champion who has male XY chromosomes.

The IOC is bringing in the new policy after the women's boxing competition at the 2024 Paris Olympics was rocked by a gender row involving Algerian fighter Imane Khelif and Lin Yu-ting of Taiwan.

Khelif and Lin were excluded from the International Boxing Association's 2023 world championships after the IBA said they had failed eligibility tests.

However, the IOC allowed them both to compete at the Paris Games, saying they had been victims of "a sudden and arbitrary decision by the IBA".

Both boxers went on to win gold medals.

Lin has since been cleared to compete in the female category at events run by World Boxing, the body that will oversee the sport at the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics.


(FRANCE 24 with AFP)



Thursday, February 19, 2026

Oreo’s Sweet Image Hides a Bitter Truth About Forests and Human Rights

Oreo may seem harmless. But when palm oil is sourced from destroyed rainforest or land taken without consent, the cost is not just environmental—it is human.



A view shows recentl land clearing for palm oil plantations of the peatland forest inside Singkil peat swamp Leuser ecosystem, habitat of Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Iemeudama village on November 13, 2016 in Trumon subdistrict, South Aceh, Aceh province, Indonesia.
(Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images)

Ginger Cassady
Feb 19, 2026
Common Dreams

Oreo is marketed as “milk’s favorite cookie.” But behind that familiar blue package is a supply chain tied to rainforest destruction and violence against the people who defend their land.

MondelÄ“z International, the corporate giant that makes Oreo, has built a global snack empire worth nearly $40 billion a year. Its products line grocery shelves across the country. What most consumers never see is the palm oil that goes into those products—or the damage connected to its production.

Palm oil expansion remains one of the leading drivers of tropical deforestation. It is also linked to land grabs, intimidation, and violence against Indigenous and local communities who resist losing their forests.

According to Rainforest Action Network’s 2025 Keep Forests Standing Scorecard, MondelÄ“z ranked last among major consumer goods companies on deforestation and human rights safeguards. The company scored just 4 out of 24 possible points. Most alarming, it received zero points for having a public policy protecting Human Rights Defenders—people who face threats, criminalization, and violence for standing up to destructive development.

Communities should not be displaced for cookies.

Between 2015 and 2024, more than 6,400 attacks and over 1,000 killings of land and environmental defenders were documented worldwide. Industrial agriculture is a major driver of this violence.

These defenders are farmers, Indigenous leaders, journalists, teachers, and community members. They are protecting forests that stabilize the climate, regulate rainfall, and support biodiversity found nowhere else on Earth. They are also protecting their homes.

MondelÄ“z has been exposed more than once for sourcing palm oil linked to illegal deforestation in Indonesia’s Leuser Ecosystem—often called the “Orangutan Capital of the World.” The Leuser region is one of the last places on Earth where critically endangered species including rhinos, elephants, tigers, and orangutans still coexist in the wild. It is also home to Indigenous communities who depend on intact forests for survival.

Satellite monitoring continues to show forest loss in protected areas within this ecosystem. That means safeguards are failing.

MondelÄ“z promotes its “Snacking Made Right” campaign as proof of sustainability leadership. But marketing language does not stop chainsaws. Without enforceable policies and independent monitoring, companies continue to profit while forests fall.

The absence of a Human Rights Defender policy is not a minor oversight. It sends a message through the supply chain that violence and intimidation are not red lines. When corporations fail to adopt zero-tolerance policies against threats and criminalization, suppliers operate with fewer consequences.

This is not just about environmental damage. It is about whether communities have the right to say no when their land is targeted for development. It is about Free, Prior, and Informed Consent. It is about whether corporate profit outweighs human safety.

Deforestation is accelerating the climate crisis. Tropical rainforests absorb carbon and cool the planet. When they are cleared, that stored carbon is released, intensifying global warming. From stronger hurricanes to prolonged droughts and wildfires, the effects are already visible.

Corporations that rely on forest-risk commodities have the power to change this trajectory. Mondelēz could require full traceability for its palm oil supply. It could suspend suppliers linked to deforestation or violence. It could adopt a clear, public Human Rights Defender policy with zero tolerance for intimidation and criminalization. It could require proof that communities have granted Free, Prior, and Informed Consent before land is developed.

Instead, it continues business as usual.

Oreo may seem harmless. But when palm oil is sourced from destroyed rainforest or land taken without consent, the cost is not just environmental—it is human.

Communities should not be displaced for cookies. Forest defenders should not risk their lives so multinational corporations can maintain margins.

Mondelēz has the size and influence to shift industry standards. What it lacks is the political will.

Protecting forests starts with protecting the people who defend them. Until companies like Mondelēz adopt enforceable policies that prioritize human rights and end deforestation in their supply chains, their sustainability claims will ring hollow.

Consumers deserve snacks that do not come at the expense of forests and communities. And the people risking their lives to protect the planet deserve more than silence from the corporations profiting from their land.


Our work is licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). Feel free to republish and share widely.


Ginger Cassady
Ginger Cassady is the executive director of the Rainforest Action Network.
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Deadly Indonesia floods force a deforestation reckoning

By AFP
February 18, 2026


Flooding and landslides made worse by deforestation killed over 1,000 people in Sumatra last year - Copyright AFP Ebrahim Hamid


Sara HUSSEIN

Permits revoked, lawsuits filed, the threat of state takeovers. Deadly flooding in Indonesia has prompted unprecedented government action against companies accused of environmental destruction that worsened the disaster.

But environmentalists who have long warned about the risks of rampant deforestation fear the current response will not solve the problem, and could even make it worse.

Officials from President Prabowo Subianto down have acknowledged the role of deforestation and overdevelopment in last year’s flooding and landslides, which killed over 1,000 people in Sumatra.

Mining, plantations, and fires have caused the clearance of large tracts of lush Indonesian rainforest, removing trees that absorbed rain and helped stabilise soil.

Now, Indonesia is prioritising “protecting the environment, protecting nature”, Prabowo told attendees at this year’s World Economic Forum.

Several dozen companies have had their permits revoked, and the government will reportedly hand management of around a million hectares of land to a state enterprise.

Initially, the government said that would include the Martabe gold mine, which conservationists have regularly accused of environmental damage.

More recently, officials said they were still reviewing potential violations by the site.

But there has been no suggestion of halting development in the worst-affected and most ecologically sensitive areas, like Batang Toru, where Martabe is located.



– World’s rarest great ape –



The area is home to the world’s rarest great ape, the tapanuli orangutan, just 800 of which were believed to exist in the wild before the disaster.

“Revoking permits is not immediately a win,” said Panut Hadisiswoyo, a conservationist and orangutan specialist.

“The idea of revoking should be to stop the devastation, but by continuing these operations, this means industry will continue in this vulnerable area.”

Conservationists have lobbied for a moratorium on development in Batang Toru, where tapanuli orangutans suffered first habitat loss and then the flood disaster.

Using satellite data and information on the pre-existing tapanuli orangutan population, experts have calculated nearly 60 animals may have been killed in what they called an “extinction-level event” for the species.

Between 2001 and 2024, Sumatra lost 4.4 million hectares of forest, an area larger than Switzerland, “making the hilly forest landscapes more vulnerable to landslides and flooding”, said Amanda Hurowitz, senior director at conservation group Mighty Earth.

Much of that deforestation happened in areas with government permits, and it is not clear that transferring operations to the state will improve matters.

“It’s a concern that the state-backed takeover may not guarantee better environmental practices, and that production may be prioritised over conservation,” Hurowitz told AFP.

“We have yet to see any plans.”



– ‘Blessing in disguise’ –



Indonesia’s environment and forestry ministries did not respond to AFP’s request for comment.

Other experts have warned that revoking permits and seizing operations has disrupted plans to audit and investigate companies and determine their precise responsibility for the disaster.

And so far, the government has not outlined plans for forest recovery and environmental remediation, said Timer Manurung, executive director of Indonesian environmental group Auriga Nusantara.

“It’s not only revocation but it also has to include remediation, taking responsibility for the destruction,” he told AFP.

The government’s lawsuits are seeking close to $300 million from six companies, some of which will be set aside for environmental recovery.

But much more money would be needed for real remediation, and other companies are likely to be culpable too, experts said.

And there is no sign yet that other projects linked to large-scale deforestation, including a food and energy plantation plan in South Papua, will be halted in this drive.

The one saving grace, said Timer, has been the public’s “very significant rising awareness” of deforestation in Indonesia since the disaster.

That has been “a blessing in disguise”.

Monday, November 24, 2025

OUR COUSINS

Orangutans can’t master their complex diets without cultural knowledge


Researchers reveal just how much wild orangutans depend on social learning to build diets spanning hundreds of different foods.


Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior

Orangutans Can’t Master Their Complex Diets Without Cultural Knowledge 

image: 

A young orangutan (Cinnamon) peers at her mother (Cissy) whilst using a stick to fish termites from a nest.

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Credit: Guilhem Duvot





When a wild orangutan leaves its mother after spending many years by her side, it has a mental catalog of almost 250 edible plants and animals, and the knowledge of how to acquire and process them.

A new study in Nature Human Behaviour reveals that no lone orangutan could build this encyclopedic knowledge through trial and error. Instead, this knowledge forms a “culturally-dependent repertoire”— a diverse set of knowledge that is only attainable through years of watching and exploring alongside others.

As humans, we must learn broad repertoires of knowledge to survive and thrive—ranging from local customs, to the skills to engineer new innovations like fishing spears and iPhones. Much of this cultural knowledge is too broad or complex for any single human to innovate from scratch in their lifetime. Rather, culture accumulates from the innovations of many individuals. Until now, it has been unclear whether similar processes are at play for wild non-human species. An international team of researchers has now investigated whether the breadth of wild orangutans’ diets exceeds what any one individual could acquire on their own within a relevant time frame.

“We provide convincing evidence that culture enables wild orangutans to construct repertoires of knowledge that are much broader than they could otherwise learn independently,” says first author Dr Elliot Howard- Spink, postdoctoral researcher from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, now a researcher at the University of Zürich.

“These diets must be the product of experiences and innovations of many other individuals, which have accumulated over time,” adds coauthor Dr Claudio Tennie, University of Tübingen. “The roots of humans’ cultural accumulation may therefore reach back at least 13 million years to our last common ancestor with great apes.”

Simulating how orangutans learn what to eat

The team wanted to know if young orangutans can independently learn their full set of edible plant and animal species before they become self-sufficient adults at around 15 years old—or if they need to learn this information from others. The researchers used extensive data collected on wild Sumatran orangutans living in the swamp forests of Suaq Balimbing, Indonesia. This included 12 years of daily observations, where the behaviors of orangutans were recorded every few minutes.

But this data set alone was not enough. The team needed to create scenarios in which young orangutans were cut off from different types of social interactions as they grew. “We would never do this to wild orangutans,” says Howard-Spink. Also, it was impossible for the scientists to follow orangutans every single day over the many years it takes the animals to grow up, while also recording all their learning opportunities. So, the scientists devised another way.

Using daily snapshots of real-life data, Howard-Spink built a simulation model that reenacted orangutans’ lives from birth to maturity at fifteen years old. The model incorporated three key social behaviors predicted to influence how the diet of orangutans develop: close-range observation of others while they ate foods in the forest (a behavior called ‘peering’); being in very close proximity to other orangutans who were feeding (which made them more likely to explore similar foods); or, simply being guided to suitable feeding sites, without any further social contact.

“Every single parameter of this model is based on our long-term data from wild orangutans,” says Dr Caroline Schuppli, who lead the study and is a group leader at MPI-AB. “It allows us to pinpoint which types of social interactions help young orangutans learn what to eat, and even to rank their importance.”

When all three types of social learning were available (the condition most similar to wild individuals), simulated orangutans cultivated adult-like diets—about 224 food types—at around the same age as wild orangutans. These similarities between the model and the wild confirmed the simulation’s accuracy and real-world applicability, the authors say.

“The fact that our simulation matched wild individuals’ development so closely is due to the extensive and uniquely detailed data collected from the wild at Suaq, and the hard work of a large team involved,” says Howard-Spink.

Discovering orangutans’ “cultural cuisine”

Howard-Spink then began cutting the simulated orangutans off from different social interactions. Just cutting off close-range observations (peering), had an effect: simulated orangutans had slower diet development and reached only 85% of the full wild diet repertoire by adulthood. But removing both peering and close-proximity associations left simulated apes with drastically narrower diets. These diets never approached the breadths possessed by wild adults, and essentially stopped developing well before the end of immaturity.

“Socially-isolated, simulated orangutans still had hundreds of thousands of opportunities to encounter food items during development,” says Howard-Spink. “But even massive amounts of exposure to food could not replace what was lost when they couldn’t engage in these social interactions.”

Says coauthor Andrew Whiten, University of St Andrews: “We’re seeing the strongest evidence yet that orangutan diets are culturally accumulated over many generations.”

The next step is to understand how this culturally-accumulated knowledge influences orangutans’ energy intake, survival, and success. “Given how much diet development suffers without social inputs, the effect of culture on orangutans’ daily lives is potentially profound,” adds Whiten.

The team will address this question as part of a further study. “We will again use empirically-validated simulations to understand how reliant orangutans are on cultural knowledge to survive and thrive in wild habitats,” says Schuppli.

Conserving accumulated cultures

Adult orangutans are generally solitary, making their long childhoods a precious window for cultural transmission. “In the wild, the constant presence of a mother, and fleeting associations with other individuals, are critical for orangutan learning and development during the early years,” says Schuppli. “It offers a crucial apprenticeship that paves the path to independence.”

With orangutan populations dwindling, this study has practical urgency. Orphaned apes, reintroduced without the full breadth of a wild diet, or introduced in different environments, may face starvation or poisoning from unfamiliar plants. “Reintroduction programs already teach orangutans to feed themselves outside captivity,” adds Schuppli. “Our study emphasizes how important this is to pass on their full cultural menu, so that these animals have the greatest chance of success in the wild.”