Florida pays python hunters to clear the Everglades. Ten years later, is it working?

Alex Harris
Fri, September 15, 2023 at 12:52 PM MDT·4 min read


Monsters slither throughout the crooked mangroves and serrated sawgrass of Florida’s Everglades, 20 feet long and up to 200 pounds of sinewy muscle built by devouring everything in their path.

In a state chock full of invasive birds, fish, lizards and bugs, the Burmese python reigns supreme.

Bite by bite, these invaders have reshaped the ecosystem they’ve slithered through for almost 30 years, thanks to irresponsible owners dumping their pets in the swamp when they got too big or cumbersome to care for. (That theory that they were released from a lab when Hurricane Andrew blew through in 1992? Busted.)

Scientists have found all kinds of mammals, birds and reptiles in their bellies — the nearly extinct marsh rabbit, wood storks, deer, even alligators.

It’s a five-alarm problem for a state currently spending billions on restoring the Everglades, “the largest environmental restoration in the history of the world,” as “Alligator” Ron Bergeron, a longtime python hunter, businessman and member of the South Florida Water Management District board, puts it.

“Can you imagine an Everglades with no wildlife?” he said. “You can’t have a healthy ecosystem without a healthy food chain.”

This Burmese python was captured during the 2022 hunt. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

A decade ago, Florida came up with a unique way to tackle the problem. It sponsored a week-long hunt for the pythons, drawing in would-be reptile slayers from around the world hoping for a chance at the cash prize.

The original python challenge a decade ago netted a mere 68 pythons. This year, around a thousand registrants captured and killed 209 pythons.

On Friday, the state honored the winners of the 2023 competition, which lasted from August 4 to the 13th. The big winner was Paul Hobbs, who hunts with his father (2021’s top prize winner) Tom, his 12-year-old son Dominic and his brother-in-law Austin Park. The team slayed 20 snakes in one week and took home the top prize of $10,000.

“You just have to get out there and grind. It’s not easy,” Hobbs said. “There’s a lot of time where you’re out there catching nothing.”

Hobbs may speak for all scientists in Florida who’ve ever tried to pin down the snake. It seems like finding a reptile longer and heavier than a grown man would be an easy task in an environment largely filled with smaller critters, but it’s proven devilishly hard.


This map shows the spread of Burmese pythons in Florida since they were first discovered in the late 1990s. USGS

There is no good estimate for how many pythons, exactly, are out there. So it’s hard to say how much of a dent has been made in their population. The United States Geological Survey estimates “tens of thousands” of the beasts may be roaming South Florida, and they’re spreading. They’ve been spotted as far west as Naples, as far north as Lake Okeechobee and as far south of the northern Florida Keys.

“They’re an apex predator,” said McKayla Spencer, the nonnative fish and wildlife coordinator for Florida’s Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. “Essentially when they become adults, there’s really nothing that preys on them.”

Except, she said, for humans. Alongside the state’s annual Python Challenge, Florida pays about a hundred contractors to try and kill the snakes year round, a program that began in 2017.

Spencer said just under 20,000 snakes have been removed since 2006, with 11,000 of those from paid contractors.

Florida has seen an increase in pythons killed ever since it started paying contractors year-round to eradicate the snakes in 2017. FWC

Without an exact population count to compare against, it’s hard to say if the effort is making any headway against the snake population, which can grow fast. Every female snake can lay around 100 eggs a year.

But earlier this year, a USGS study came to a conclusion many in the snake community have long seen coming: Burmese pythons are here to stay.

“Overall, eradication of pythons in southern Florida is likely impossible,” the report read.


Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Officer Matthew Rubenstein holds on to the neck of a 10-foot Burmese python in Big Cypress National Preserve Monday, July 11, 2022. Rubenstein is crouching by 23 unhatched snake eggs. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

Maybe in the future, the report said, some new technology will help find — and kill — the “cryptic and resilient” creatures. But for now, scientists say, the goal is simply to remove as many snakes as they can.

“We don’t currently have a way to eradicate them, but in the last few years, we’ve made some great strides,” Spencer said. “Every python removed is one less python to harm our native species.”