Monday, June 08, 2026

 

‘He was the best of us’: Heartfelt tributes paid to Buffy star Anthony Head, dead at 72

‘He was the best of us’: Heartfelt tributes paid to Buffy star Anthony Head, dead at 72
Copyright The WB screenshot


By David Mouriquand
Published on


Best known for his role as Giles on the cult TV show Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Anthony Head died at the age of 72. Over the weekend, his co-stars and friends paid heartfelt tributes to a performer who will be sorely missed.

Anthony Head, the celebrated British actor best known for roles in the cult TV show Buffy The Vampire Slayer and Ted Lasso, died at the age of 72, his family revealed on Friday (5 June).

Head’s daughters, actors Emily and Daisy Head, revealed that the actor died due to complications from pneumonia.

Emily and Daisy Head wrote: “It is with heavy hearts that we announce the death of our extraordinary father. He passed away peacefully of complications due to pneumonia, surrounded by his family.”

“It has been, and forever will be, an honour and a privilege to be his daughters, and to have witnessed firsthand the impact both he and his work have had on so many,” they added.

Anthony Head
Anthony Head AP Photo

Over the weekend, countless stars have paid tribute to Head, whose career touched the lives of so many.

From the “will-they, won’t-they” romantic couple in a series of British ads for Nescafe Gold Blend instant coffee in the 80s, to his stand-out role as Rupert Giles, the Watcher of Buffy on Buffy The Vampire Slayer - via roles in Little Britain, Doctor Who, Jonathan Creek, Bridgerton, and his recurring role in Apple TV+’s show Ted Lasso - Head’s smooth delivery, immeasurable charm and scene-making charisma made him a fan favourite.

Little Britain co-creator Matt Lucas paid tribute on social media, writing: “When we were casting Little Britain, we were looking for a ‘Tony Head-type’, because we never imagined for a moment that the man himself would be interested, but he was. Lucky us. He was unfailingly brilliant, and always so kind and warm. My heart goes out to Daisy and Emily.”

Harlan Coben, the writer of the novel The Stranger, the Netflix adaptation of which Head appeared in, described him as “charming and erudite and funny and open and friendly and so damn talented”, saying he “brought joy and warmth and sparkle and wonder to every room he entered”.

Head's Ted Lasso co-star and writer on the show, actor Brett Goldstein, remembered Head as "infinitely charming and kind and fun and a joy".

He wrote: "Anthony Head was a brilliant actor who played the worst person in the world, which was an incredible skill because he was the best person. He will be sorely missed. Love to his family."

Screenwriter and producer Russell T Davies remembered Head as an "absolute delight" and recalled their time working together on shows including Doctor Who and Merlin.

Buffy The Vampire Slayer
Buffy The Vampire Slayer The WB screenshot

The cast of Buffy also paid tribute to their co-star and friend.

Sarah Michelle Gellar, who played Buffy, wrote on Instagram: “’Tell Giles I figured it out and I’m ok’ Well I don’t have it figured out and I’m not ok. But I know I’m the lucky one because I knew you. Thank you to Daisy and Emily who not only shared their dad with me, but with the world.”

David Boreanaz, who played Angel in the show, described him as a "kind and generous soul", while James Marsters (Spike) said: “There’s a hole in the World. Anthony Head has passed on from us. He was an unflaggingly kind and steady presence on the set of Buffy, and the best actor in the cast. He was the best of us. I was lucky to have known, and learned from him. He left the world a better place for his presence. Thank you Tony for all you gave.”

Alyson Hannigan, who played Willow, wrote this weekend: “This cut is so deep I fear it can never heal. Oh Tonal…I am so grateful to have had you in my life! I want to say a million wonderful things about you and yet I can’t seem to find the words that would do you justice. I love you so much and will miss you forever. RIP.”

Charisma Carpenter, who played Cordelia, honored Head with a touching post, saying: “Tony brought life to a character who, for so many, was the father figure they needed but didn’t have at home. Fans far and wide are surely grieving, and for that, I am deeply sorry.”

Emma Caulfield, who played Anya Jenkins, posted a photo of herself with Head on Instagram, writing: “This was taken on the London Underground in 2011. I went to visit my friend Tony on the set of The Iron Lady. We had lunch, hit up a record store, had dinner and drinks and laughed until our sides hurt. It was a perfect day. There were many of these moments with this amazing human who I was lucky enough to call my friend for 27 years. He was kind and wise and a guide in troubled times. You were so loved.”

The Buffy-verse experienced a loss earlier this year when Nicholas Brendon, who played Xander Harris during the show’s entire run, died at the age of 54. Last year, Michelle Trachtenberg, who played Buffy’s sister Dawn Summers, died aged 39.

Anthony Head lost his long-term partner Sarah Fisher, an animal welfare campaigner, last December at the age of 61.

RIP Anthony Head 1954 – 2026. You will be missed.

Cannes winner Jafar Panahi faces prison and travel ban from Iran


By Alain Chandelier & Sertac Aktan
Published on 07/06/2026 - EURONEWS

On Sunday, Mostafa Nili, lawyer for Jafar Panahi, announced that a Tehran Revolutionary Court has rejected the objections and fully upheld the in-absentia verdict against the prominent Iranian filmmaker.

“Under the initial verdict, Panahi had been sentenced to one year in prison on the charge of engaging in propaganda against the Islamic Republic of Iran," Mostafa Nili, the lawyer of the acclaimed and Cannes Palme d’Or winner Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi, said in an interview with the Iranian media outlet 'Emtedad'.

Nili added that he was also handed a two-year travel ban and prohibited from joining political and social groups and associations. With this, the Branch 26 of Tehran's Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, has upheld the original verdict in full.

He explained that the grounds cited for the verdict included making an “underground and problematic film against the establishment,” supporting political and security prisoners, backing popular protests against the government, supporting the “Woman, Life, Freedom” slogan, signing and disseminating a statement in support of a lorry drivers’ strike, “painting a bleak picture” of the country’s situation, and reposting a video clip of a collective performance of the anthem “Ey Iran” in protest at the issuing and carrying out of death sentences.

Panahi’s lawyer noted that the ruling can be appealed to the Tehran Provincial Court of Appeal within 20 days of notification.

The initial court ruling against Panahi was issued while he was abroad taking part in the publicity campaign for the film “A Simple Accident”, which, after winning the Cannes Palme d’Or, was selected to represent France in the race for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.

Despite the in absentia verdict, this prominent Iranian director returned to Iran on 30 March after attending the Oscars; his return coincided with the continuation of the war between the United States and Israel on the one hand and the Iranian authorities on the other.

In 2022 and 2023, Panahi spent 86 days in Evin Prison on charges of “propaganda against the state”. He was released after going on a hunger strike, and after his appeal was accepted, which led to the annulment of the initial charges.
French prosecutors ordered to review all child abuse complaints after girl's murder

French Justice Minister Gérald Darmanin has ordered a review of all complaints involving child victims of sexual violence in France after the death of an 11-year-old girl allegedly killed by a man who had previously been accused of rape and sexual assault of other children but had never been convicted.


Issued on: 08/06/2026 - 

Lyhanna's father, Martial Bernard along with Fleurance mayor Gregory Bobbato and Lyhanna's mother Charly Rameau hold a sign that says "never again" at the front of a march in tribute to Lyhanna in Fleurance, 7 June 2026. © Lionel Bonaventure/AFP

Darmanin has instructed prosecutors to "review all" outstanding complaints involving children by 14 July. This involves some 70,000 cases in France.

He told LCI television Sunday that he was "furious" at the failures in how the main suspect in the death of 11-year-old Lyhanna had been treated in the judicial system.

The man, known as Jerome B, the father of one of Lyhanna’s classmates and the last person seen with her, has been the subject of multiple allegations of sexual assault, including four complaints of alleged rape of minors – none of which were fully investigated.

"I will not be going on holiday," said Darmanin, nor would any senior magistrate until he has personally met with each public prosecutor to asses the situation.

In an unusual move for a justice minister, Darmanin apologised Friday to Lyhanna’s family on behalf of the judicial system, acknowledging failures in following up on the complaints.

The case has prompted widespread outrage in France over the failures to protect children.
'Unacceptable lapses'

French President Emmanuel Macron last week condemned what he described as "unacceptable" lapses in the judicial system.

Several feminist and child advocacy organisations have called for demonstrations on Monday evening outside the Justice Ministry and courts across the country.

On Sunday, 6,000 people took part in a March in the girl’s hometown of Fleurance, 80 kilometres outside Toulouse.

Prosecutors and magistrates have responded cautiously, warning against making the judiciary a scapegoat for broader institutional failures.

The question of resources and staffing is expected to feature in discussions on Monday. While the justice ministry’s budget has increased in recent years, much of it goes to prisons, according to Frederic Chevallier, president of the National conference of public prosecutors.

He pointed to structural issues in the speed at which cases are treated, including the fact that France has around three prosecutors per 100,000 inhabitants, compared to a European average of 12.2.

(with AFP)

Thousands gather for march for French girl whose killing sparked outrage over lapses

The parents of an 11-year-old girl, named as Lyhanna, joined thousands of people in the southwestern French town of Fleurance on Sunday for a silent march in her memory, as outrage spread over systemic failures blamed for her suspected killing.


Issued on: 07/06/2026 - 
By: FRANCE 24

Thousands took part in the march in memory of 11-year-old Lyhanna. © Lionel Bonaventure, AFP

The grieving parents of an 11-year-old girl feared murdered in France joined a silent march in her memory by thousands of people on Sunday, as outrage spread over systemic failures blamed for her suspected killing.

The body of the girl, named as Lyhanna, was found last week after she went missing on May 29 near the southwestern town of Fleurance.

She was last seen getting into a man's car, and outrage grew after it emerged that the main suspect, who is now under arrest, had previously been accused of sexually abusing children.

A sea of people filled the streets of Fleurance under scorching afternoon heat for the march, which was attended by local representatives but, in line with the family's wishes, not by national politicians.


They marched in total silence, dressed in white shirts and some holding white flowers. Around 6,000 people were present, according to the local authorities.

"Lyhanna. Never again! We love you, we miss you," read the banner at the front of the procession, which was held by her father and other community members. Her mother walked a few steps back, while her brother was also present.

The main suspect, named as Jerome B., 41, is the father of one of Lyhanna's school friends.

He had never been convicted despite allegations including four complaints for alleged rapes of minors against him, prompting President Emmanuel Macron last week to condemn "unacceptable" lapses in the judicial system.


Justice Minister Gérald Darmanin has also in an unusual step apologised to Lyhanna's family and said he is "furious" over the failures in the judiciary's treatment of Jerome B.
'Justice system does nothing'

The case has sent a shockwave through Fleurance, a small town of around 6,000 people 80 kilometres (50 miles) outside the regional centre of Toulouse.

"I feel personally affected. I have two children, a 12-year-old daughter and a 13-year-old son. It could have happened to my family, to my son, to my daughter," said Karine Camus, 41, dressed in white with a white rose in her hand as she took part in the march.

Herself a victim of sexual violence for 10 years, Camus said young girls must speak out. "They must have the courage to talk about it for themselves."

Manola Martin, a pensioner, who said she was a victim of rape aged 17, said she was there for her "daughters and granddaughters".

The girl's father and mother were among those present. © Lionel Bonaventure, AFP

"Unfortunately, the justice system does nothing for these people," she said.

Jerome B., who lived with his family in the neighbouring village of Montestruc-sur-Gers, had previously worked as a staff member in schools.

The sign for the entry to his village was covered Sunday with a white sheet that had been daubed with the slogan "death penalty for paedophiles", an AFP photographer said.

Jerome B. was charged on Monday -- before the body was found -- with suspected abduction and remanded in custody.

(FRANCE 24 with AFP)

 

Berlin closes parks and sports facilities after poisonous caterpillar outbreak

Toxic caterpillars infest Berlin housing estates: elderly residents no longer dare to leave their homes
Copyright AP Photo

By Diana Resnik
Published on  

Poisonous caterpillars are infesting residential areas in Berlin. As health authorities fail to intervene, residents are taking matters into their own hands.

Oak processionary caterpillars have spread extensively across parts of Berlin, forcing authorities to close sports facilities and green spaces in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district due to health concerns.

Residents living near Jungfernheide, a large park in the west of the German capital, have been particularly affected. According to locals, the caterpillars and their nests can be found on door frames, cars, building façades and even street lighting.

District councillor Nico Kaufmann (SPD) told German newspaper B.Z. that some children have developed severe skin reactions, while residents say they have had to rely on cortisone medication to cope with the symptoms. Older people have reportedly become reluctant to leave their homes.

The danger comes from the caterpillars' tiny stinging hairs, which contain the protein thaumetopoein. The hairs can easily detach and be carried by the wind. Because they are microscopic and barbed, they can penetrate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract, causing itching, rashes, conjunctivitis and, in some cases, breathing difficulties.

A further challenge is that the hairs remain active long after the caterpillars have left their nests, meaning abandoned nests can continue to pose a health risk.

Local residents accuse authorities of failing to respond quickly enough to the outbreak. Health authorities do not classify the insects as conventional pests such as rats, while restrictions on the use of biocides have limited control measures.

Residents have now launched a petition calling for a binding protection plan for Jungfernheide and a broader city-wide strategy to tackle the problem across Berlin.

HORSE LOVERS

Pompeii excavations reveal equid skeleton at House of the Chaste Lovers

By Greta Ruffino
Published on 07/06/2026 - EURONEWS

The remains of an equid were discovered in a bakery area of Pompeii's House of the Chaste Lovers complex, offering new insights into the role of working animals in Roman daily life and during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.

An equid skeleton has been uncovered during archaeological excavations in a bakery area of Pompeii's House of the Chaste Lovers complex.

The Insula of the Chaste Lovers is one of the most important excavation sites in Pompeii because it preserves an entire production complex, including a bakery oven, storage rooms, workspaces and the owner's residence.

The complex is named after the famous “Chaste Kiss” fresco discovered in a triclinium of the house and comprises a large bakery with adjoining stables, where other equids used to operate millstones and transport grain for bread production had previously been found.

“For a long time, Pompeii has primarily represented the beauty of its frescoes and the opportunity to study the material culture of antiquity,” said Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Pompeii Archaeological Park.

“In reality, it is much more than that: it offers the possibility of learning about the human lives that were cut short by the eruption, as highlighted by the recent exhibition of the victims’ casts here in Pompeii, but also about the lives of animals.”

Researchers say the study could shed light on how animals reacted to the catastrophic event and help improve understanding of the eruption’s impact on Pompeii. According to the study, the discovery highlights the exceptional state of preservation at the site, enabling experts to reconstruct daily life, production activities and human-animal interactions in the ancient city.

The excavation marked the first stage of the investigation and was followed by initial studies of the recovered remains. Ongoing laboratory analyses are expected to provide further insights into the animal’s role within the bakery and the conditions it experienced during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.

The discovery was made through close cooperation between archaeologists and experts from the Applied Research Laboratory, including specialists in archaeozoology, archaeobotany and anthropology, as part of an interdisciplinary project.
Armenia And The Disappearing Mountain – Analysis



Khor Virap Monastery, with Mount Ararat, known in Turkish as Mount Agri, in the background Photo: Amos Chapple, RFE/RL


June 7, 2026
RFE RL
By Amos Chapple

(RFE/RL) — Something seems to be missing from Armenia’s new biometric passport. That’s according to many in the country, who have flagged an unusual image in the document.

Among pages showcasing Armenia’s heritage and culture is a picture of Khor Virap. The 17th century monastery is famous largely for its spectacular backdrop of Mount Ararat. In the passport, however, the monastery is depicted from an angle showing only nondescript mountains on the horizon. Critics have called the unusual image a “ploy” to avoid including Ararat in the official document

.
Pages 24-25 of the new Armenian passport


Mount Ararat is situated inside Turkey and officially known by its Turkish name Mount Agri, but the landmark rises prominently above Yerevan on clear days.

The 5,100 meter mountain was a part of ancient kingdoms of Armenia, but ethnic Armenians were driven from settlements around Ararat amid the Ottoman state-led killings, which have been recognized as genocide by dozens of countries including the United States. When borders in the region were redrawn following World War I, Ararat’s twin peaks were included within the eastern edge of modern Turkey.

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian recently hinted at the controversy over the passport depiction of Khor Virap, saying during a live stream with Interior Minister Arpine Sargsian that, “we’ve chosen such a perspective to suit our policies and what we have discussed for a long time.”

“Given it is the passport of the Republic of Armenia,” Pashinian added, the passport reflects “the territory of the Republic of Armenia.”


The absence of the mountain in the passports, which are set to be rolled out in the fall of 2026, follows a government decision late last year to remove snow-capped icons of Mount Ararat from passport stamps. That decision led to an uproar in the country, including a lawsuit filed against the government.

Opposition politician Hayk Mamijanian condemned the removal of the mountain from passport stamps at the time, telling reporters “it never ceases to amaze how zealously Pashinian is ready to please Turkey or Azerbaijan.”

Since Azerbaijan’s military recapture of the Nagorno-Karabakh region in 2023, Armenia has sought to normalize relations with neighboring Azerbaijan and Turkey, both historic foes of Armenia.

Armenia and Azerbaijan initialled a peace agreement in 2025 that includes a clause indefinitely forbidding either country from making territorial claims on the other. Turkey, a close ally of Baku, has long objected to Armenia’s use of Ararat as a national symbol, including in the coat of arms of the Soviet Republic of Armenia.

Joshua Kucera, a senior analyst for International Crisis Group, says the Khor Virap image appears to be, “part of the larger ‘real Armenia’ narrative that [Pashinian] is promoting, trying to refocus Armenians’ attentions to the issues within their own borders rather than ‘historical Armenia’ outside its borders.”

The Caucasus expert says that reframing effort also includes the recaptured Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan.

Some fear a more consequential target for the Pashinian government could be the current Armenian coat of arms, which features Ararat as its centerpiece, topped with Noah’s Ark. The mythical vessel is believed by some Christians to have settled atop Mount Ararat following the biblical flood. In 2023, Pashinian criticized the emblem for representing “a dichotomy between historical Armenia and real Armenia.”

Edmon Marukian, a politician and former ally of the Armenian prime minister, called the 2025 erasure of Mount Ararat from passport stamps a potential precursor to Armenia’s coat of arms being remade. “Removing [Ararat] would require changing the constitution and the law,” the politician noted, adding, “are we, as citizens, ready to tolerate this?”

In April, RFE/RL’s Armenian Service asked Pashinian about the potential for Ararat to be removed from the coat of arms. The prime minister responded only that “I am not raising such a question.”Amos Chapple is a New Zealand-born writer and visual journalist with a particular interest in the former U.S.S.R.


Joint Sino-Indian Bid To Get UNESCO Recognition For Buddhist Monk Xuanzang – Analysis


A depiction of the Chinese monk Xuanzang on his journey to India.

 Credit: Wikipedia Commons


June 8, 2026 
By P. K. Balachandran


As early as 2016, the Chinese Consul General in Kolkata had mooted the idea of jointly celebrating the work of Xuanzang, who translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese and helped Buddhism gain wide acceptance in China.

Thanks to the thaw in relations between India and China, a 10-year old project to jointly secure UNESCO recognition for the work of the 7 th. Century Chinese Buddhist monk, Xuanzang, is set to take off.

China had suggested to India that the two countries jointly bid for UNESCO’s recognition of Xuanzang, who translated Buddhist texts from Sanskrit and Pali to Chinese, and gave Buddhism a firm foundation in China and South East Asia. The goal is to put Xuanzang’s work in UNESCO’s “Intangible Cultural Heritage List.”

The Indian side responded favourably, and internal consultations are underway. An Indian representative is expected to visit China in the coming weeks to hold discussions with his counterparts.

The project aims to identify practices, narratives, and sites associated with Xuanzang. The proposed nomination needs delineation of cultural practices linked to the transmission of Buddhist knowledge, pilgrimage routes traversed by Xuanzang and oral traditions preserved in monasteries and local communities.

Need to Establish It As A Living Heritage

The project must demonstrate that Xuanzang is a “living heritage” in accordance with UNESCO’s criteria. UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) framework, under the 2003 Convention, recognises living traditions such as practices, expressions, knowledge systems and rituals that communities “continue to transmit across generations”.

The list excludes physical manifestations like monuments.

The UNESCO list of Intangible Heritages includes material from over 150 countries, with multinational nominations forming a growing share as States collaborate on shared cultural traditions.

India ratified the convention in 2005 and currently has 16 elements inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Culture List, including Yoga, the Kumbh Mela and Durga Puja. Inter-State nominations include Nowruz, a transnational cultural practice shared by several countries in West and South Asia.

Inter-State nominations require participating States to agree on documentation, safeguarding measures and community participation. A joint Sino-Indian proposal would require alignment on the narrative and shared ownership of the elements included.

UNESCO nominations are not easy to get. They require extensive documentation, including evidence of community participation, plans for safeguarding, and demonstration of the element’s continued practice.

UNESCO guidelines require that nominations reflect “community consent and participation”. Therefore, local communities will have to be consulted.

Discussions between India and China will focus on mapping existing material on Xuanzang across archives, monasteries and academic institutions. While India will be examining records related to Nalanda and other sites linked to his stay, China will be compiling material from its own historical sources.

Idea Mooted A Decade Ago

Ten years ago, in 2016, the Chinese Consulate General in Kolkata had held a public event to explain the depth of China’s “cooperative relationship” with India over the last 1400 years. A seminar on “Xuan Zang and China-India Friendly Interactions” was held in Kolkata, which traced the monk’s role “in strengthening Indo-China relations.”

The Chinese Consulate was working with the K.P. Jayaswal Institute, a Bihar-based archaeological institution run by the Bihar Government, to study Stupas.

Improved Climate for Sino-Indian Cooperation

The current outreach from China comes at a time when India-China relations have been seeing attempts at a rapprochement after a period of strain following the 2020 standoff along the Line of Actual Control (the de facto border) between the two countries in Ladakh.

Diplomatic and military talks have continued, with both sides maintaining engagement through established mechanisms. India has allowed increased Chinese investments in its industries and the Hindu pilgrimage to Kailash in Tibet has resumed.

Faxian’s Quest

Buddhism travelled from India to China in the “Later Han period” (from 25-220 AD). Initially, the Chinese rejected it as a “foreign” religion. Only later, during a period of turmoil between 220-and 589 AD, Mahayana or “Great Vehicle” Buddhism began winning Chinese adherents.

It was dissatisfaction with existing Chinese translations of Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures that drove the Buddhist monk Faxian (5 th.Century AD) to set out for India at age 65, intent on finding the originals. After studying them for 10 years in India, he brought back to China a great number of copies of Buddhist texts and translated them from Sanskrit into Chinese. Among them, two of the most important were the “Mahaparinirvana-sutra” a text glorifying the eternal, personal, and pure nature of “nirvana”, on which the nirvana school in China then based its doctrines, and the “Vinaya” (rules of discipline for the monks) of the “Mahasanghika” school, which became available for the regulation of the numerous monastic communities in China.

Xuanzang’s Quest

More than two centuries after Faxian came another Chinese Buddhist monk, Xuanzang (602-664 AD ). He set out for India with much the same purpose in mind – to increase his understanding of the Buddha’s teachings by going to the source. He also wanted to get a feel of the places the Buddha trod.

Judson Knight, writing in encyclopedia.com about Xuanzang, says that under the Sui Dynasty (589-618 AD) and the newly founded T’ang Dynasty (618-907 AD ), Xuanzang and other monks faced a hostile environment. Not only did the T’ang dynasty’s first ruler, Kao Tsu (618-626 AD), embrace the rival faith of Taoism, but placed restrictions on travel in the Western parts of China, which was the gateway to Central Asia and India.


Xuanzang’s Search For Theological Clarity


But Xuanzang was determined to go to India. Whereas Faxian was dissatisfied with Chinese translations of the Buddhist scriptures and wanted to see the originals, Xuanzang’s longing arose from his preoccupation with difficult theological questions. He needed to consult the “Yogacarabhumi Sastra” (dated between 4 th., and 5 th., century AD), which could only be found in India. Therefore, he resolved to make the arduous, extremely challenging journey across the mountains.

But the Chinese Emperor had barred travel beyond the Western borders of China. “As I approached China’s extreme outpost at the edge of the Desert of Lop, I was caught by the Chinese army. Not having a travel permit, they wanted to send me to Tun-huang to stay at the monastery there. However, I said ‘If you insist on detaining me I will allow you to take my life, but I will not take a single step backwards in the direction of China.'”

As it turned out, the top-most government official in the region was a devout Buddhist, and he chose to look the other way, allowing Xuanzang to pass the military outposts that separated China from the lands of Central Asia.

Further West, Xuanzang encountered bandits and marauding tribes, as well as admiring rulers and welcoming groups of monks. He visited Tashkent, Samarkand, and Balkh. (The first two are today in Uzbekistan, and the last in Afghanistan). All three were important trading and cultural centres in the premodern era.

Xuanzang reached India in 631 AD and made his way to the monastery at Nalanda, India’s largest Buddhist centre, where the esteemed master, Silabhadra, taught him personally for 15 months. Xuanzang spent five years at Nalanda, during which time he composed three religious treatises in Sanskrit.

He also travelled to various parts of India, including Bengal, the Deccan Plateau in Central India, and both the Coromandel (eastern) and Malabar (western) coasts. In addition, he journeyed through the Indus River Valley.

King Harsha Hosts Xuanzang

However, a king named Kumara invited Xuanzang to visit him in Assam, in northeastern India, an offer he could not refuse. This in turn led King Kumara’s rival King Harsha ( 590-647 AD), India’s greatest ruler of the early medieval era, to make an invitation of his own.

At Harsha’s court in 642 AD, Xuanzang greatly impressed a gathering of several thousand kings and wise men, winning arguments with Hindu and Jain theologians. Pleased, Harsha showered him with gifts, but Xuanzang accepted only a buffalo-skin coat to keep him warm and dry, and an elephant to transport the many books he had brought with him. Finally, in 643 AD, he set off for China.

Given the fact that he had left China illegally, Xuanzang sent a letter to the Emperor, announcing his return. Eight months later, he received a welcoming reply. As it turned out, Emperor Kao Tsu had been ousted by his son T’ai Tsung (626-649 AD ), who was a Buddhist and eager to meet Xuanzang. The latter arrived at his capital in Ch’ang in early in 645, and the crowd that came out to greet him was so large that at first he could not enter the city.

Rousing Reception In China

He met with the Emperor, and briefed him on all the lands he had visited. Emperor T’ai Tsung offered him a position as his personal advisor, but Xuanzang declined. So the Emperor set him up at the nearby Hung-fu Monastery with a fleet of assistants to help him in his translation work. The only stipulation was that Xuanzang should write a record of his travels, “Ta T’ang Hsi-yĂĽ-chi”” or “The Great T’ang Record of Travels to the Western Lands,” which he completed in 646 AD.

Xuanzang’s translation work continued under the reign of Emperor Kao Tsung (649-683 AD ). In 19 years, he produced 76 books. When the great monk died in 664 AD, it was said that a million people attended his funeral. In later years he became a legend.

His translations, commentaries, and those of his close followers make up a quarter of Buddhist literature in Chinese. And the contact he had initiated with India led to close ties between the T’ang dynasty and India


About P. K. Balachandran

P. K. Balachandran is a senior Indian journalist working in Sri Lanka for local and international media and has been writing on South Asian issues for the past 21 years.

View all posts by P. K. Balachandran →
Living Through Polycrisis: Mental Health In Myanmar – Analysis

June 7, 2026 
Shwetaungthagathu Reform Initiative Centre
By Jeslyn

Myanmar is facing a severe and often hidden mental health crisis, shaped by ongoing conflict and systemic disruption. This article examines the key drivers, impacts, and current responses to mental health challenges within the country’s polycrisis context.
Key Takeawys:Myanmar’s mental health crisis is driven by conflict and systemic limitations, creating both visible and invisible burdens.
Community-based and digital approaches are the most feasible short-term solutions.
Long-term progress depends on political stability and sustained system strengthening.

Political unrest has severe effects on population health, particularly increasing the mental health burden. People living in conflict settings commonly experienceanxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts. Evidence from Afghanistan and Ukraine also shows high levels of PTSD and depression in conflict settings.


In Myanmar, the ongoing conflict has led to a sharp rise in mental health problems. Depression and anxiety increased from 14.3% and 22.2% in mid-2021 to 61.39% and 58.02% by October, and by late 2022, one in four people experienced moderately severe to severe depression. Therefore, mental health remains a severe and often hidden public health crisis.


Mental Health in Myanmar’s Polycrisis Context

Mental health is not regarded as a priority due to competing needs, as families struggle to survive in a context of multiple overlapping crises. In 2021, a military coup overthrew the elected government, triggering widespread anti-coup protests across Myanmar. These peaceful demonstrations were met with violence, human rights violations, and attacks on civilians. Many people were killed, arrested, or displaced, and repression later expanded beyond protesters, with journalists being killed or detained. Women have also faced sexual violence, causing lasting psychological trauma. Forced conscription of adults aged 18 and above into frontline conflict pushed many young people to flee abroad or move to urban areas. At the same time, three in four Myanmar youths are no longer engaged in education or training due to unsafe learning environments, unaffordable educational costs, and limited scholarship opportunities, particularly among low- and middle-income families. As a result, many youths, who are essential to the country’s future resilience and recovery, face growing distress and anxiety over an uncertain future.

Ongoing conflict has displaced thousands of families, leaving them without adequate shelter or basic services, while also causing family separation. At the same time, the targeting of social service providers and the withdrawal of government workers under the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) have significantly weakened essential public services, including healthcare. Many CDM workers face arrests, torture, and threats against their families. Some are forced to move between safe houses for safety. In addition, the military regime has restricted passport issuance for CDM workers and increased questioning and detention at airports to prevent them from leaving the country. Without documentation and under constant risk of arrest or imprisonment, many CDM members continue to live in fear, insecurity, and anxiety.

Since the coup, inflation has risen to 28.58%, while the poverty rate reached 32.10%, leaving nearly one-third of the population in poverty. Agricultural productivity has declined by 16%, and around 15 million people are at risk of food insecurity. Meanwhile, the cost of essential goods and unemployment have both increased significantly. Salaries, however, have remained largely unchanged, making even daily commuting a financial burden. Many can no longer afford basic leisure or personal items. Some are forced to skip meals or reduce spending. Under such conditions, survival takes priority over mental health care, which costs between $7 and $12 per session.

Stigma is another major barrier. Mental health problems are often viewed as a source of shame, linked to evil spirits or karma, reflecting a limited understanding. Seeking professional care remains highly stigmatized, making people reluctant to access services. Many fear burdening others, hospitalization, or discussing their condition. As a result, individuals often endure problems silently and hide their condition, leading to underestimation of mental health needs.


The lack of adequate mental health care further worsens the situation. There is a major imbalance between professionals, facilities, and patients, especially between urban and rural areas. Only 1.4% of government health spending is allocated to mental health, and although the National Mental Health Policy (2021–2025) was approved, its implementation has stalled due to political unrest and limited resources. Consequently, stigma, low awareness, and limited access to care continue to deteriorate mental health outcomes.

At the same time, Myanmar citizens face additional crises such as COVID-19, cyclones, and earthquakes, causing loss of loved ones, livelihoods, and housing, creating compounded trauma. When these crises overlap, their impacts intensify, making recovery extremely difficult. Weak disaster governance and poor preparedness further worsen these impacts.

As a result, many Myanmar people are carrying invisible wounds. Rising priceshave made simple activities unaffordable for many. Rising crime and worsening public transport have increased insecurity. Safety concerns also extend online, as user data has been handed over to the military. Daily life is further disrupted by power cuts, fuel shortages, and strict refuelling limits, while travel restrictionsand detentions limit mobility. Anxiety has become a daily reality, driven by insecurity, forced conscription, limited opportunities, and uncertainty about the future.



The Hidden Costs of Mental Health Crisis

The psychological impact of the Myanmar polycrisis does not end with ceasefire agreements. It may contribute to trans-generational trauma, shaping families and communities. For example, people born in Rwanda after the 1994 genocide have experienced trauma passed down over time. Children are especially vulnerable, as violence and displacement impair development and learning. In some cases, trauma may alter gene expression, increasing the risk of future mental health problems and creating cycles of inherited distress.

Mental health issues not only affect a person’s mind but also their physical health. They can lead to alcohol and substance abuse, as well as other coping behaviors, and in severe cases, suicide. Anxiety and chronic stress can significantly reduce work productivity and income, while also placing emotional and economic burdens on families. High out-of-pocket healthcare costs further strainhouseholds. Over time, it contributes to reduced human capacity and increased pressure on the country’s overall economic and social systems.
Current Responses and Limitations

The institutional infrastructure, regulation, and oversight of mental health services in Myanmar remain limited, with a significant imbalance between care providers and patients. Individuals with severe mental distress require professional support at higher levels of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) care pyramid. Due to system neglect, cultural beliefs, and stigma, many rely on traditional approaches such as support from Buddhist monks, religious practices, or meditation. Online community groups also provide peer support. While useful for daily coping, these methods are not sufficient for severe conditions.

Mobile psychiatric clinics offer free services through periodic community visits, but this may increase workload and burnout among providers. Earlier efforts to integrate mental health into primary healthcare were also not fully implemented. The parallel government, NUG, prioritizes mental health by offering free telemental health services and awareness campaigns. However, the lack of in-person care limits support for frontline and on-ground individuals, especially those who have lost family members or suffered severe injuries, requiring intensive emotional support. For instance, some civilians have survived junta airstrike while losing family members. Such experiences leave survivors with severe trauma while caring for remaining family members with little or no access to mental health support.

NGOs and international organisations, such as UNFPA, also contribute through online platforms and training programs. At the same time, there has been a rise in short-term training courses, many lacking regulation and proper standards. Some individuals with minimal training offer services, raising safety and quality concerns. While approaches like Psychological First Aid are useful, they should be part of a broader system with proper training and supervision. More structured, evidence-based counselling programmes are needed.


Comments and Way Forward

Given the current polycrisis, community-based and digital approaches are the most feasible in the short term. However, long-term improvement requires a coordinated approach that includes policy reform, workforce strengthening, awareness, and integration into primary healthcare. Political stability is also critical due to its direct and indirect impacts on mental health systems and overall well-being. At the primary care level, clear guidelines and better training are required. Community volunteers can provide basic psychosocial support locally. Reducing stigma is critical. Community-based outreach, culturally appropriate education, and engagement with local and religious leaders are essential. Digital campaigns can reach wider populations. Mental health information should also be provided in multiple ethnic languages to reflect Myanmar’s diversity.

Conclusion

Myanmar’s mental health crisis is deeply shaped by the current polycrisis, making it widespread and complex. While existing responses provide some relief, they remain insufficient for long-term needs. Addressing this crisis requires coordinated efforts, along with improved political stability, to strengthen systems, reduce stigma, and expand access to care.


About the author: Dr. Jeslyn is a Junior Research Fellow at the Sustainability Lab of the Shwetaungthagathu Reform Initiative Centre (SRIc). She holds a Master of Public Health and has experience in research analysis, remote healthcare services, and community outreach programs.

Source: This article was published by The Sabai


About Shwetaungthagathu Reform Initiative Centre

The Shwetaungthagathu Reform Initiative Centre (SRIc) is a hybrid think tank (non-partisan) and consultancy firm that advances sustainable governance, policy innovation, and sustainability literacy in Myanmar. Through its Sustainability Lab, SRIc conducts in-depth public policy research and analysis to promote sustainable development and guide Myanmar toward a more resilient, equitable, and environmentally conscious future. SRIc provides strategic policy advocacy, CSR consultation, and the development of sustainability roadmaps grounded in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. These services support public institutions and private sector actors in aligning their operations with the Sustainable Development Goals. By integrating rigorous research with actionable consultancy, SRIc supports responsible business practices, fosters innovative CSR strategies, and designs impactful sustainability pathways. SRIc contributes to local transformation & global sustainability efforts through this dual approach.

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South Korea election victory marred by ongoing ballot crisis

South Korea election victory marred by ongoing ballot crisis
/ Daniel Bernard - UnsplashFacebook
By IntelliNews June 8, 2026

The ruling Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) scored a sweeping victory across local administrations in recent elections, but missed out on the ultimate capital prize, while the conservative opposition salvaged a critical political lifeline. At the same time, an unprecedented administrative failure by election authorities left thousands of voters without ballots, triggering violent street demonstrations and allegations of systematic electoral fraud, The Korea Herald reports.

This dramatic split vote on the southern half of the Korean peninsula points to a highly volatile regional landscape. While the DPK now controls the vast majority of provincial governments nationwide, its absolute failure to breach the capital proves it lacks an uncontested national mandate. More critically, the National Election Commission’s administrative blunders have completely destroyed public confidence in South Korea’s democratic architecture at a moment when hyper-polarisation is running at record levels.

The DPK captured 12 out of 16 mayoral and gubernatorial races across the country, the National Election Commission (NEC) announced on June 4. The main opposition People Power Party (PPP) retained only four jurisdictions, clinging firmly to its core southeastern heartlands of Daegu, North Gyeongsang Province, and South Gyeongsang Province, along with the capital city, Seoul. The outcome reverses the trends of the 2022 local elections when the DPK won a mere five of 17 metropolitan and provincial seats. Despite building a massive national footprint in this cycle, senior liberal officials voiced immediate anger over the loss of Seoul. The defeat in the capital is a serious blow because the DPK went into the mosst recent poll carrying a comfortable double-digit lead across major independent opinion surveys, while President Lee Jae Myung maintained a rock-solid personal approval rating of 60%.

According to The Korea Herald, PPP candidate Oh Se-hoon bypassed DPK challenger Chong Won-o to secure an unprecedented fifth term as Seoul mayor. Chong was personally selected and heavily backed by President Lee. DPK Chair Rep. Jung Chung-rae stated during a press briefing that whilst he felt deep gratitude to the electorate for giving the party a sweeping victory across the country, it was incredibly painful that they failed to reclaim Seoul. Former DPK leader Song Young-gil expressed almost identical levels of frustration during a radio interview with MBC, noting that the party’s central campaign strategy failed to convert the administration’s massive popularity into a victory in the capital.

Logistical failures trigger institutional crisis

According to Chosun Biz, however, electoral politics immediately shifted to raw institutional panic as extensive ballot shortages halted voting. The NEC admitted it had miscalculated voter turnout and under-printed paper ballots for the election. Polling stations in the affluent, conservative-leaning district of Songpa-gu ran out of forms after receiving supplies covering only 50% of registered local voters.The deficit froze voting at 14 stations in Seoul and 17 sites nationwide. The administrative failure forced officials to stretch voting hours until 10:00 pm at disrupted stations, though hundreds of angry citizens walked away without voting.

The failure sparked an instant institutional crisis leading into the weekend as a crowd of 1,200 protesters launched an overnight siege at the central NEC headquarters in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province, Chosun Biz reports. Demonstrators blocked the exits, physically trapping employees inside the building and shoved staff who attempted to leave. The political fallout worsened by the hour, with PPP Floor Leader Rep. Song Eon-seog demanding a parliamentary probe and a special counsel investigation. Simultaneously, a conservative activist group filed a formal criminal complaint against NEC Chair Roh Tae-ak and Secretary-General Heo Cheol-hoon for dereliction of duty, and the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency opened a full criminal investigation.

The DPK hit back at the opposition's outrage, when DPK Secretary General Rep. Jo Seoung-lae remarked that the PPP screamed for a total suspension of the vote count and a re-run when it expected a heavy defeat, but completely buried those demands the moment the mayoral numbers turned in its favour. The standoff remains highly volatile in Jamsil-dong, Seoul, on June 8, where furious crowds numbering up to 8,000 physically blocked the transit of two remaining ballot boxes holding 2,000 uncounted votes. While these ballots are not enough to threaten the 53,000-vote lead held by Oh Se-hoon, the city election commission cannot legally certify the mayoral outcome until every single box is processed, leaving the governance of South Korea’s capital up in the air.