It’s possible that I shall make an ass of myself. But in that case one can always get out of it with a little dialectic. I have, of course, so worded my proposition as to be right either way (K.Marx, Letter to F.Engels on the Indian Mutiny)
Thursday, August 13, 2020
Coconut oil may be worse than palm oil for the environment IT'S CAPITALISM STUPID THAT'S WORSE THAN BOTH The Sangihe Tarsier, a primate living on the Indonesian island of Sangihe, is one of several vulnerable species threatened by deforestation caused by coconut production. Photo by Stenly Pontolawokang
July 6 (UPI) -- Many scientific studies have highlighted environmental harm caused by palm oil production, but new research suggests the production of coconut oil threatens more species per liter than other vegetable oils.
The findings, published Monday in the journal Current Biology, highlight the challenges consumers face when trying to make conscientious purchasing decisions without sufficient information.
"The outcome of our study came as a surprise," lead study author Erik Meijaard said in a news release. "Many consumers in the West think of coconut products as both healthy and their production relatively harmless for the environment."
"As it turns out, we need to think again about the impacts of coconut," said Meijaard, who heads the Borneo Futures initiative in Brunei Darussalam and serves as an adjunct professor at the University of Queensland.
Researchers suggest that consumers rely on information provided by the media when making purchasing decisions. The media, authors of the new study contend, is heavily influenced by vested interests.
"When making decisions about what we buy, we need to be aware of our cultural biases and examine the problem from a lens that is not only based on Western perspectives to avoid dangerous double standards," said study co-author Jesse F. Abrams, of the Global Systems Institute and a researcher at the University of Exeter.
When researchers surveyed the available scientific literature on the ecological threats posed by different vegetable oils, they determined the production of coconut oil affects 20 threatened species per 1 million liters of oil produced. Palm oil production threatens 3.8 species per 1 million liters.
Coconut production is most relegated to tropical islands with rich biodiversity and unique species. Deforestation on such islands is more likely to disrupt the habitat of rare and vulnerable plants and animals.
Previously, scientists have mostly measured the environmental impact of oil production by tallying the number of species affected per square hectare of land used. By this metric, palm oil is the least eco-friendly of the vegetable oils.
According to the new study, coconut oil production has already contributed to the disappearance of several species, including Marianne white-eye in the Seychelles and the Solomon Islands' Ontong Java flying fox.
Other species, like the Balabac mouse-deer, found in the Philippines, and the Sangihe tarsier, a primate native to the Indonesian island of Sangihe, are quickly running out of habitat as a result of coconut oil production.
Researchers claim their intention isn't to badmouth coconut oil, but to point out the environmental harm done by all vegetable oils. Even the production of olive oil and soybean oil has a negative effect on vulnerable plant and animal species.
"Consumers need to realize that all our agricultural commodities, and not just tropical crops, have negative environmental impacts," said study co-author Douglas Sheil, professor at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. "We need to provide consumers with sound information to guide their choices."
Increasing indigenous property rights could help save the rainforest
Researchers say that giving full property rights in the Brazilian rainforest to indigenous tribes lowers deforestation rates and increases carbon sequestration. Photo by sdblack0/Pixabay
Aug. 11 (UPI) -- To protect the Amazonian rainforest, new research suggests full property rights for tribal lands be extended to Brazil's indigenous communities.
For the study, researchers at the University California, San Diego, used satellite data of vegetation coverage in the Amazon rainforest to study deforestation patterns between 1982 and 2016. Scientists compared the results of their mapping efforts with Brazilian government records of indigenous property rights.
"Indigenous traditional land use, based on collective ownership, has been associated with the preservation of a land's biodiversity," researcher Kathryn Baragwanath, postdoctoral candidate in the political science department at UCSD, told UPI.
One study published earlier this year showed land stewardship by indigenous communities was associated with greater levels of carbon sequestration.
Baragwanath said these positive ecological impacts are strengthened when indigenous communities have the full scope of property rights and legal tools to defend tribal lands from commercial interests.
"These legal rights ensure that the boundaries can no longer be contested, the territory is registered in the national land registry, the government is constitutionally responsible for protecting the territories and the territorial resources are considered to belong to indigenous peoples," she said.
When conducting their analysis, Baragwanath and researchers accounted for variables besides indigenous property rites -- including proximity to roads, mining projects and rivers, elevation, population density and rainfall.
In Brazil, the process of gaining full property rights, called homologation, is complex -- at least partially because government agencies there have been slow to review applications, researchers said.
Often, as the process plays out at a snail's pace, commercial interests will start illegal mining or logging, so they can later argue that they've established "productive use of land," researchers said.
To protect the Amazon and the region's remaining forests, Baragwanath suggests Brazil's government strengthen their environmental agencies.
"Public policy should focus on granting full property rights to the indigenous peoples who have not yet received their rights," she said.
SCIENCE NEWS JUNE 29, 2020 Gold mining stunts Amazon rainforest recovery Illegal mining severely hinders the recovery abilities of the Amazon rainforest. Photo by Planet Labs/Wikimedia Commons
June 29 (UPI) -- The effects of gold mining on forest health are long lasting. According to new research, gold mining stunts the regrowth of Amazon forests, limiting their ability to store carbon.
"Historically gold mining was often overlooked in deforestation analysis as it occupies relatively small areas when compared to pastures or large-scale agriculture," lead study author Michelle Kalamandeen told UPI in an email.
Kalamandeen started the research as a postgraduate researcher at the University of Leeds but is now a postdoctoral researcher at Cambridge University.
"Yet, given recent proliferation in mining activities since 2007-2008 and again in 2012, the potential areas may be underestimated and the impact on biodiversity and forest recovery unquantified," she said.
For the study, Kalamandeen and her colleagues sampled soil and measured trees at 18 test plots in two main gold mining areas in Guyana. Researchers also established two control sites in old-growth forests.
"We measured trees/saplings/seedlings within each plot and took soil samples from abandoned gold mining sites, active sites and control 'old-growth' sites," Kalamandeen said.
The data -- published Monday in the Journal of Applied Ecology -- showed trees in forests damaged by gold mining activity struggled to reestablish themselves. Where as forest harmed by other kinds of activities, such as logging and agriculture, were able to rebound, the negative effects of mining on growth and carbon storage persisted.
"Our analysis showed that the lack of nitrogen was the primary driving force for the lack of recovery occurring on the tailing ponds and mining pits," Kalamandeen said. "On the overburden, where there was an abundance of nitrogen, regrowth of trees were similar to other Neotropical secondary, recovery forests."
Researchers were surprised to find that a lack of nitrogen, instead of an excess of mercury, was to blame for the stunted regrowth.
"Our research showed that active mines had on average 250 times more mercury than abandoned mining sites, suggesting that this mercury leaches into neighboring forests and rivers," Kalamandeen said.
Researchers found that in the few mining sites where topsoil was replaced and fertilized with nitrogen -- an often mandated, but rarely enforced, restoration step -- regrowth was comparable to plots where trees were cleared for other types of activity.
Scientists hope their findings will inspire politicians and policy makers in the Amazon to strengthen environmental regulations for gold mining.
"It's important the current environmental policies are enforced. Most Amazonian countries have reasonable monitoring and enforcement policies but weakening of such policies or reduced funding to regulatory agencies as we've seen in Brazil and Venezuela, means that enforcement isn't occurring," Kalamandeen said.
"Addressing corruption in mining agencies is also another issue that needs addressing at the national scale," Kalamandeen said. "For restoration, many Amazonian countries don't have a forest restoration policy when it comes to gold mining and this needs to be tested and developed for tropical forests at the landscape-scale."
Gold prices often rise in the wake of economic crises, and when they do, small-scale gold mining activity ramps up in the Amazon.
Though under new leadership, Brazil has recently been weakening environmental regulations. But in the years that followed the financial crisis, strong rainforest protections forced miners to pursue gold in neighboring countries, especially the dense forests of Guyana and the French Guiana.
With the COVID-19 pandemic putting a significant dent in global economic growth, researchers worry gold mining activity will once again proliferate across a large stretch of forest known as the Guiana Shield. In the future, scientists hope to test new technologies designed to curb the threat of gold mining.
"We hope to use remote sensing to help detect gold mining especially illegal mining within the Amazon," Kalamandeen said.
Mauritian prime minister seeks compensation for oil spill The oil leak from the MV Wakashio leaves streaks of black across the previously pristine turquoise waters of the island nation. Photo courtesy of the French General Staff Army/EPA-EFE
Aug. 11 (UPI) -- Mauritian Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth told Parliament he expects compensation from a Japanese shipping company behind an oil spill off the coast of the Indian Ocean island nation.
The MV Wakashio ran aground near Pointe d'Esny on July 25 and began leaking oil into the island's previously pristine, turquoise water. An estimated 2,500 tons of oil turned the waters black, threatening protected coral reefs and lagoons.
The spill has prompted scores of volunteers to race to the region to build sugarcane booms and clean up oil along the coast. A crack in the ship has widened, threatening to spill even more oil into the ocean.
Last week, Jugnauth said his country was in an "environmental crisis."
On Tuesday, he told Parliament he'll "ensure that the insurance company of MV Wakashio compensates the state and any other entity or person affected by the calamity."
The ship is owned by Nagashiki Shipping, which said Sunday that it was working with Mauritian authorities to clean up the spill. Because of the crack, the 984-foot-long ship can no longer navigate under its own power, so a tug boat was being deployed to the scene.
"We deeply apologize to everyone in Mauritius and do our best to protect the environment and minimize the effects of pollution," the company said in a statement.
Jugnauth defended himself against criticism that the government was too slow to work to remove oil still stored on the ship.
Six million mobile phones in use in North Korea, research says North Korean mobile phone subscription rates are highest in major cities, according to South Korean research published Tuesday. SOUTH KOREAN PRETENDING TO BE NORTH KOREAN IS THAT A MAO PIN? File Photo by Stephen Shaver/UPI | License Photo
Aug. 11 (UPI) -- There are about 6 million mobile phone subscribers in North Korea, where the majority of the population does not have access to the global Internet, according to a state-owned development bank in the South.
Kim Min-gwan, a researcher at Korea Development Bank Future Strategy Research Institute, said in a new report the number of mobile phones in use is rising in North Korea amid marketization and changing trends in consumption among North Koreans in their 20s and 30s, JoongAng Ilbo reported Tuesday.
THE LITTLE KIM COMES IN PINK
Mobile phone subscription rates are highest in major cities like Pyongyang and Rason, a port situated in a special economic zone. In each city, more than 70% of the residents own mobile phones, according to the South Korean researcher's estimates.
Among North Koreans active in informal marketplaces, the average user owns about two to three mobile phones. In total, 4.5 million North Koreans, 18 percent of the total population, are actively using the phones, including smartphones, Kim said in his research.
North Korea claims it has domestically developed phones like the Arirang 171 smartphone, but it is more likely the phones may have been imported from China, either as finished products or in parts, Kim said.
The researcher also said North Korea maintains a 3G mobile network, which is a joint venture among three providers: Koryolink, Kangsong and Byol. Koryolink is a partnership between Egyptian firm Orascom Telecom Media and Technology Holding and Pyongyang's state-owned Korea Post and Telecommunications Corp.
Mobile phone ownership in North Korea is growing at a time when the economy could be contracting amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Market intelligence provider Fitch Solutions said North Korea's annual GDP growth rate for 2020 is expected to be -8.5% by the end of the year, Voice of America's Korean service reported Tuesday.
The growth forecast comes after the firm said in early June the North Korean economy is expected to contract by 6% in 2020.
Parallels in Fandom: Three Finger Salute; The Hunger Games In Real Life
With the recent release of the third installment of The Hunger Games franchise “Mockingjay Part I”, audiences are flocking to theatres to see brutal fight scenes and heartbreaking struggle on the big screen. The Hunger Games franchise is phenomenally successful, although this year’s film didn’t bring as much money in as anticipated ($123 million. How that’s a disappointment, I’m still not sure.) Millions of fans around the world were excited to see the newest film, dressing up as Katniss and other characters. My college even had a Hunger Games costume contest during dinner (ironically) to celebrate the release. And yet, for many viewers, the story’s themes hit a little too close to home.
Economic inequality is rampant in our world. People live paycheck to paycheck. They survive on food stamps that often fail to buy essential items. This Christmas, there will be many families who will have nothing to put under their tree. Graduates struggle to pay off student debt every day. And what may be worse of all, is if you are born in poverty, you’re likely to stay there, much like the citizens of Panem. There is no transferring from district to district. If you live in District Twelve, you will work in District Twelve, you will starve in District Twelve, and you will die in either District Twelve or the Arena. Meanwhile citizens of the Capital live comfortably. Our world, unfortunately, works on a similar system. Those who are born into poor families, are likely to stay poor. Those who are born into financially stable families, aren’t likely to find themselves in economic struggle. While we don’t have a President Snow or a Hunger Games, per se, but 98% of our citizens still live very much like those of Panem while the Capital lives abundantly because of the misfortune of the lower class.
There are little to no government aid programs in Panem. Katniss’ father dies in a mining accident and the family loses a large part of their income. Were there a worker’s union in Panem, this never would have happened. And had it not happened, Katniss’ mother wouldn’t have gone into a deep depression and with no access to mental health care, been unable to work, further cutting the family’s income. Due to neither of her parents able to bring in income, Katniss had to take care of the family herself. This left the family to starve because the Capital provides no food stamps. Not only that, but the justice system is corrupt and feeds on the racial division in the Districts. And all of this is because of the Capital, which controls all twelve districts, and shares none of the wealth.
Seem like fiction? If only. Only 6% of Americans have union protection in the workplace and have met the same fate as Katniss’ father. Millions of Americans can’t afford desperately needed mental health care and lose their jobs like Katniss’ mother. One in six Americans go hungry, and food stamp benefits were slashed in the last year. African-Americans are six times more likely to be incarcerated than white citizens. 2% of the country still controls the majority of the wealth. The Hunger Games may seem like just a franchise, but there is a lot more going on here than just a simple book.
It’s not just our government that’s causing economic inequality. Companies such as McDonald’s and Walmart pay their employees so low that most workers can’t afford to feed their families without a second job or reliance on food stamps.
Walmart pays its associates less than $25,000 a year. That isn’t enough to cover the basics for worker’s kids, let alone pay their bills or support their families. Managers of Walmart are also known for manipulating work schedules so that employees have a hard time working full-time; therefore, these workers don’t receive benefits and usually receive insufficient paychecks that negatively affect families, budgets, and ultimately lives. What’s really upsetting is that Walmart brings in an annual $16 billion in profits and a recent Fortune article stated that Walmart could afford to give workers a 50% raise without hurting its stock prices. There’s no reason Walmart can’t afford to pay their workers better. Not to mention, many workers were unable to spend Thanksgiving with their families this year.
McDonald’s is even worse when it comes to economic inequality. McDonald’s employees make less than $11,000 a year. Managers at McDonalds are also known to manipulate schedules so that employees aren’t eligible for benefits and employees do not have the right to unionize, which keeps them from being able to bargain for better wages and working conditions. The CEO of McDonald’s, Donald Thompson made $9.5 million in 2013. It would take an average McDonald’s worker 864 years to make that.
These companies are just like the greedy Capitol of Panem. Just like the Capitol, they are cashing in on the cheap labor of its people and offering no workers compensation or benefits. Were these companies to raise their wages to $15 an hour (which they could afford to do) employees would experience a significant increase in the ability to take care of themselves and their families. Not only that, but a recent study by the U.S. House Committee on Education and the Workforce shows that Walmart pays its workers so low that most employees have to rely on food stamps and other Government programs. This cost taxpayers $900,000 at just one Walmart Supercenter in Wisconsin. They estimate that Walmart costs taxpayers roughly $8 million in subsidized food, living, and healthcare all because they won’t pay their workers enough to get by.
So what can we do about this? We can become the District 13 of our country. In “Mockingjay,” District 13 is an underground militia determined to unite the Districts of Panem and bring the Capitol to justice. They do this in several ways, but waging a full out violent war isn’t going to help our fight against economic inequality. A large part of District 13’s strategy for overthrowing the Capitol is educating the people of Panem of what President Snow was doing; taking the public eye away from the glittering jewels of reality television, fashion, and materialism and focusing it on the real issues. We as activists need to take economic inequality and put it out in the open. We need to show our country how pressing an issue this is. Education is our strongest ally in our fight against inequality.
The Harry Potter Alliance has been fighting for economic equality for over a year now and on Black Friday members visited Walmart and McDonald’s locations, passing out flyers to location managers about the way their workers are treated, informing them of the awful truth of what the companies they work for are doing. The HPA has also been using the hashtag #MyHungerGames and urging people to share their economic inequality stories with the world through everything from short tweets to long blog posts. By doing this, they are showing the real faces of economic inequality; the real faces of the Districts.
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We need to take the public eye off of which guys are hottest in The Hunger Games franchise and reveal the bigger themes going on in the films and in our own country. Who cares if The Hunger Games have hot guys in them!? Suzanne Collins wasn’t thinking about hot guys when she wrote the series. Her concern was bringing these issues to light and inspiring people to do something about it. We can be the District 13 of our world. We need to raise our three finger salute to the skies and overthrow the Capitol of economic inequality.
Thailand warns anti-government protesters calling for royal reform Pro-democracy demonstrators raise their hands with a three-finger protest salute, inspired by the "Hunger Games" films, during an anti-government rally at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand, on Monday. Photo by Diego Azubel/EPA-EFE
Aug. 11 (UPI) -- Authorities in Thailand are warning anti-government protesters against pushing too hard for reform, as rallies grow in number amid economic hardship and dissatisfaction with the military-backed government.
The protesters' calls to limit the power of the monarchy are also being followed by quick apologies from a university, the site of the most recent rally.
Thailand's Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha said Tuesday he is not happy with the calls for reforms from students and activists, as pro-government allies slammed the protests as "hurtful" to the Thai people.
"I'm monitoring every development and I'm not comfortable," Prayuth said, according to Khaosod English. "It's their right to protest, but this one has gone out of line."
On Monday night, an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 people gathered at Thammasat University outside Bangkok, chanting "Long live democracy," while urging the resignation of the prime minister, who seized power during a military coup in 2014. The protest was marked by calls to check the power of the Thai monarchy, led by King Maha Vajiralongkorn. Local media were unable to publish the demands, citing laws in Thailand against "royal defamation."
Royalists held counter-protests on Monday outside the nation's parliament. Thailand's lawmakers condemned the Monday rally.
Sen. Suwaphan Tanyuvardhana said Tuesday the unpublished comments by activists at Thammasat hurt the rights and feelings of "tens of millions of Thai people who are loyal to the royal institution and the tradition of peaceful co-existence based on the mercy of the royal institution," the Bangkok Post reported.
Anger is growing in Thailand over the constitution, which has allowed the military to appoint 250 of the country's senators, according to Nikkei Asian Review.
THE MILITARY CONTROL THAILAND, THE GOVERNMENT IS A SOCK PUPPET,
THE THAI MILITARY HAVE CLOSE RELATIONS WITH THE BURMESE MILITARY
IN CONTROL OF MYANMAR.
Young people in Thailand are growing restless amid the economic aftermath of the global coronavirus pandemic. Unemployment climbed to 4 percent in June, up from a rate of 1 percent pre-pandemic.
A majority of respondents to a July survey have also said the Thai judicial system was unreliable, following the acquittal of Red Bull heir Vorayuth Yoovidhya of all charges in a deadly car crash in 2012, according to the report.
Nigerian gospel singer, 22, sentenced to death for blasphemy in Sharia court WHY WE NEED SECULAR PLURALISTIC NON RELIGIOUS CIVIL SOCIETY
KEEP YOUR RELIGION LIKE YOUR SEXUAL RELATIONS; PRIVATE
A Nigerian Sharia court in the state of Kano handed down a death sentence for blasphemy for a young gospel singer who allegedly insulted the Prophet Muhammed in a song. File Photo by Akintunde Akinleye/EPA-EFE
Aug. 10 (UPI) -- A Nigerian Sharia court in Kano sentenced a 22-year-old gospel singer to death by hanging for alleged blasphemy in a song the singer wrote and circulated on WhatsApp.
The Hausawa Filin Hockey upper-Sharia court found Yahaya Sharif-Aminu guilty of blaspheming the Prophet Muhammed by praising a local imam from the Tijaniya Muslim brotherhood in one line of a song circulated by Sharif-Aminu in March.
Sharif-Aminu did not deny the charges.
Sharia Judge Aliyu Muhammad Kani said Sharif-Aminu could appeal the ruling within 90 days.
The prosecutor, Inspector Aminu Yargoje, said the verdict was fair because it would deter future blasphemy in the state.
The Sharia courts are a separate Muslim-only court system used along with civil courts in majority-Muslim areas of Nigeria. Death sentences handed down in Sharia courts have rarely been carried out, with the most recent execution happening in 1999, according to BBC News.
The civil supreme court can overturn a death conviction of the Sharia courts.
Sharif-Aminu went into hiding after his song was released, but angry youth protesters burned down his family's home and demanded action from the Islamic police, called the Hisbah.
"When I heard about the judgment I was so happy because it showed our protest wasn't in vain," the leader of the protesters, Idris Ibrahim, said Monday.
But other young Nigerians were upset by the ruling.
"No one should ever be sentenced to death for blasphemy," youth film director Enioluwa Adeoluwa tweeted. "This is an extreme violation of human rights and the FG must act to stop the sentence from being carried out. It is Sharif-Aminu today it may be you tomorrow."
Sharif-Aminu is not a well-known singer in Nigeria, being one of many gospel musicians within the Tijaniya Muslim brotherhood sect, the BBC reported. He is currently being held in jail.
Another member of the Tijaniya sect was sentenced to death in Sharia courts in 2016 and remains in prison. Abdulazeez Inyass was convicted of blasphemy in Kano after a secret trial for allegedly proclaiming that Tijaniya founder Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse "was bigger than Prophet Muhammad" during a sermon.
Outraged protesters at Inyass's trial set the courthouse on fire, BBC reported.
Report: Humanists and non-religious people face discrimination in 8 countries President of the Humanist Association in Nigeria Mubarak Bala, who was arrested for blasphemy in April, is among those listed as subject to discrimination in a report published Thursday. File Photo courtesy of Humanists International
June 25 (UPI) -- Humanists and other non-religious people are targets of discrimination and persecution in eight countries, a Humanists International report published Thursday said.
Humanists International is a global non-governmental organization, championing secularism and human dignity. The organization's Humanists at Risk Action Report 2020published Thursday focused on human rights conditions in Colombia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines and Sri Lanka.
The report found humanists and other non-religious people were discriminated against in government policies, including blasphemy and apostasy laws and education systems with no secular alternative.
Incidents include two police officers arresting the president of the Humanist Association in Nigeria, Mubarak Bala, for blasphemy in April. Bala was arrested in connection with a Facebook post, where he allegedly insulted the Prophet Muhammad. The police officers took Bala from his home in Kaduna, northern Nigeria, to Nigeria's northern Kano State, where blasphemy is punishable by death.
Since Bala renounced Islam in 2014, he has been subject to death threats and harassment, according to the report.
"To speak out and say you're an atheist or humanist in Nigeria can be dangerous, but Bala is very passionate about creating a space for those who do not subscribe to Islam or religion," said Leo Igwe, a fellow Nigerian humanist and human rights advocate.
In Colombia, Jaime Augusto Sanchez, a professor of religion, was attacked last year because he identified as an atheist and discussed various religious worldviews other than the dominant Roman Catholic one, the report said.
In Malaysia, authorities have repeatedly harassed Eric Paulsen, a non-religious person who has criticized the government and Islamist extremism, according to the report.
The report noted that non-religious minorities in Pakistan, which is approximately 97 percent Muslim, also face condemnation when they speak out.
"The legal environment in Pakistan is notably repressive; it has brutal blasphemy laws, systemic and legislative discrimination and often allows vigilante violence on religious grounds to occur with impunity," the report said.
In India, the report voiced concern about the new Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, and recommended that the act be amended to include non-religious people, humanists and atheists.
The report recommended across the eight countries that local laws or policies criminalizing blasphemy should be repealed and government schools should provide secular education for all children.
"This report shines a light on the targeted violence, continued harassment and social discrimination faced by humanists in many countries and opens the door to conversations on how best to protect humanists worldwide," Chief Executive of Humanists International Gary McLelland said. "What is clear is that all laws and policies which criminalize ' blasphemy' should be repealed."
Space Force defines 'spacepower' as essential to U.S. security, prosperity US IMPERIALISM IN SPACE FULFILLING RONALD REAGAN'S SPACE OPERA WAR WET DREAM Chief of Space Operations at US Space Force General John Raymond testifies before a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., in May. Pool photo by Shawn Thew/UPI | License Photo
Aug. 10 (UPI) -- The U.S. Space Force published Monday its first capstone doctrine, Spacepower, eight months after its creation, outlining what the new military branch calls a guidepost for its mission.
The doctrine "elevates spacepower as a distinct formulation of military power on par with landpower, seapower, airpower and cyberpower," according to the Space Capstone Publication, called Spacepower.
"One of the principles of an independent service is the creation of doctrine," Gen. Jay Raymond, chief of space operations at U.S. Space Force, said in a statement.
"The Space Capstone Publication explains why spacepower is a vital element of U.S. prosperity and security -- now and in the future -- and guides its employment in multidomain operations. As the USSF continues to grow and mature, we will continue to evolve our doctrine to stay on the cutting edge of defending our interests in space."
According to the statement, space was once regarded as a "benign domain," for exploration of the cosmos, but that has changed.
"Humankind has changed, and our potential adversaries' actions have significantly increased the likelihood of warfare in the space domain," the doctrine said.
"Agility, innovation, and boldness have always been the touchstone of military space forces," Raymond wrote in the doctrine's forward. "Today, we must harness these traits to pioneer a new service and a new professional body of knowledge."
Raymond added that given that the doctrine is in its early stages and will evolve as it is tested over time.
President Donald Trump signed a $738 billion defense bill into law in December establishing the Space Force in a compromise with Democrats, who signed off on the Space Force in exchange for the bill also including granting federal employees 12 weeks of paid parental leave.
Last month, the Space Force announced administration realignments to unify command, including inactivating three space wings and eight lower echelon commands, and then activating Space Training and Readiness Delta Provisional, two garrison commands and eight mission deltas.
The Space Force also unveiled its official logo and motto last month, "Semper Supra," or "Always Above."
U.S. Space Force unveils official logo, sets motto as 'Semper Supra'
The United States Space Force on Wednesday unveiled its official logo. Illustration by Staff Sgt. James Richardson/U.S. Space Force
July 22 (UPI) -- The 7-month-old U.S. Space Force revealed its official logo and motto, "Semper Supra," or "Always Above," in Washington, D.C., on Wednesday.
The logo features a stylized Greek delta design, and although it has been compared to the emblem of Star Trek's Starfleet Academy, Space Force officials have noted the delta sign has been used by the U.S. Air Force since 1942.
It includes an outer border signifying "defense and protection from all adversaries," officials said, and two spires with the delta sign signifying a rocket launch.
The logo was created by GSD&M, the Austin, Texas, advertising agency contracted to create recruiting and branding advertising for the Space Force.
An early version of the logo was seen on a U.S. Space Force flag unveiled at the White House in May.
The motto is in the tradition of two U.S. service branches, "Semper Fidelis," or "Always Faithful," of the Marine Corps, and "Semper Paratus," or "Always Ready," of the Coast Guard. Illustration by Staff Sgt. James Richardson/U.S. Space Force
1961 WAS THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD WAR AND THE SPACE RACE WAS BEGINNING
KAMALA HARRIS THROWS DOWN THE GAUNTLET AGAINST MIKE PENCE WITH THIS IN YOUR FACE STATEMENT. SHE HAS EQUATED A WOMAN'S ABORTION RIGHT/THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE AS A CIVIL RIGHT
"We're experiencing a moral reckoning with racism and systemic injustice that has brought a new coalition of conscience to the streets of our country."
"But let's be clear: This election isn't just about defeating Donald Trump or Mike Pence. It's about building this country back better. And that's exactly what Joe and I will do. We'll create millions of jobs and fight climate change through a clean energy revolution, bring back critical supply chains so the future is made in America, build on the Affordable Care Act so everyone has a peace of mind that comes with health insurance, and finally, offer caregivers the dignity, the respect, and the pay they deserve. We'll protect a woman's right to make her own decisions about her own body, root out systemic racism in our justice system, and pass a new Voting Rights Act–a John Lewis Voting Rights Act–that will ensure every voice is heard and every voice is counted."
KAMALA SHOULD QUOTE THIS FIRST LADY
QUOTE FROM SUSAN PAGE'S; BARBARA BUSH BIOGRAPHY
Rare 1794 silver dollar to be auctioned; last sold for $10M
The rare Flowing Hair Dollar will be the centerpiece of an auction of the Bruce Morelan Collection in Las Vegas in October. Photo courtesy of Professional Coin Grading Services
Aug. 11 (UPI) -- A New Jersey coin dealer is selling a 1794 U.S. silver dollar that is believed to be the first one minted.
Bruce Morelan, a coin collector and partner at Legend Rare Auctions in New Jersey, purchased the 1794 Flowing Hair Dollar at a 2013 Stack's Bowers auction for more than $10 million, the highest price ever paid for a rare coin.
The coin, which was also displayed last month at a private show for members of the Professional Coin Grading Services, features Lady Liberty with ringed stars on one side and an eagle on the other.
It will be sold at Legend Rare Coin Auctions Regency Auction on Oct. 8 at The Venetian in Las Vegas.
"The 1794 Dollar has been a lifelong dream coin and I'm truly blessed to have owned it," Morelan said in a statement. "I can only hope the new owner has as much joy, pride and satisfaction as I did in having it in my collection. Now that the set is complete and nothing else can be added, I've decided it's time for other collectors to enjoy these magnificent coins."
The 1794 Flowing Hair Dollars were the very first U.S. silver dollars ever produced, according to the USA Coin Book.
While Morelan's rare Flowing Hair Dollar is the major attraction, the auction will also sell other coins from the early period of U.S. history in his collection valued in total at over $20 million
Among the other rare coins being sold is the 1804 Class 1 Draped Bust Dollar, of which only eight were ever minted, according to the PCGS.
"This is the finest collection of Mint State Dollars ever assembled," Legend Rare Coin Auctions owner Laura Sperber said in a statement. "Bruce never settled for second best, even if a coin was only a fraction better that is what he wanted. This could not have been clearer than when he bought the 1794 Dollar. Unquestionably, the coin is one of a kind, both due to its incredible qualities and the fact that it is the very first dollar ever struck by the U.S. Mint."
Marx distinguishes between the use-value and the exchange value of the commodity. Use-value is inextricably tied to "the physical properties of the commodity" ( ...
