Egypt gig economy workers face rough ride

CAIRO, April 24, 2022 (BSS/AFP) - Young men on bikes and scooters zip
through Cairo, Egypt's sprawling megalopolis, dodging cars to deliver more
than a million orders each day, with little physical or legal protection.

  Egypt's digital gig economy is growing, as economic pressures push more of
its key demographic -- educated, urban youth -- into the work-on-demand
model.

  Engineer Mohamed Sherif, 37, joined online food ordering company Talabat as
a bicycle courier in Alexandria three months ago because he couldn't find a
job.

  "They bleed you dry left and right, but there's nothing else to do," he
told AFP.

  In early April, Talabat couriers called a two-day strike to demand higher
wages, with only a fraction of the 12,000 workforce joining.

  The work stoppage reflected, however, the state of Egypt's sizeable, app-
based gig economy.

  Inflation has climbed to a three-year high of 12.1 percent while the
Egyptian pound plunged to 18 percent of its value.

  The mounting economic hardships come as global commodity prices have soared
following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

  A courier who declined to be named said commissions have been stagnant
since 2020 at 9-18 Egyptian pounds (50 cents and $1).

  "You can work a nine or 10-hour shift, and just not get enough orders,"
Sherif told AFP.

  After paying for gas, oil and other expenses, "you could end up only making
30 or 40 pounds that day".

  In Egypt, where 60 percent of the 103-million-strong population are under
30 and 14.5 percent of university graduates are unemployed, digital labour
platforms have attracted 100,000-200,000 workers.

  Uber alone employed 90,000 drivers in 2019, all without contracts,
insurance or social security.

  - 'Taking advantage of vulnerability' -

  Fairwork, a project by the University of Oxford, worked with the American
University in Cairo to rate the working conditions of seven of Egypt's
largest digital labour platforms.

  Uber, Talabat and grocery app Mongez scored one out of 10, while
ridesharing startup Swvl -- which made headlines for its $1.5 billion Nasdaq
debut earlier this year -- scored just three out of 10.

  Omar Ramadan, whose home maintenance and cleaning services startup
FilKhedma rated highest at five out of 10, said working conditions are seldom
discussed in the tech ecosystem.

  "It's very rare to talk about how much we're paying people, if this is fair
or not, if we're taking advantage of people's vulnerability."

  A third of Egyptians live in poverty, and nearly the same number are
vulnerable to falling into poverty, the World Bank says.

  The average family's monthly income is 6,000 EGP ($325).

  Following the strike this month, Talabat said in a statement that couriers
earned around 4,000-6,000 EGP per month, and up to 10,000 EGP "if they work
eight hours or more".

  But couriers say this excludes the cost of petrol -- which has gone up by
three percent in recent days -- and paying for and servicing the scooter or
bicycle they use.

  Couriers using motorcycles earn up to twice as much as those making their
deliveries by bicycles or on foot, said Sherif.

  - A legal grey area -

  Couriers also put their lives at risk as they navigate the chaotic streets
of Cairo, where traffic rules are more than often disrespected and accidents
happen almost daily.

  Talabat Egypt's public affairs head Asmaa Khalil denied claims made by some
couriers that they have no adequate insurance to protect them.

  According to her, Talabat pays into accident and life insurance, but the
schemes are handled by external contractors that recruit and manage their
couriers.

  Bicycle courier Sherif criticised this method, calling it a way by
employers "to get rid of the dirty work".

  Khalil said that, legally, Talabat has "no obligations" towards its
couriers and offers insurance and other benefits only "out of goodwill".

  For Wael Tawfik of the Legal Collective to Promote Labour Awareness, the
best recourse for workers is to set up a trade union.

  But Sherif said it would be a tough task for couriers to set up a union
because "unlike factory workers who all work in the same place, couriers only
meet each other by coincidence".

  Only 13.6 million people receive state-sponsored social security benefits
in Egypt, where 63 percent of the workforce are employed in the informal
economy, according to the International Labour Organization.

  "Employment law, tax law, social security, it's all unclear how the gig
economy is supposed to behave," Ramadan said.

  "Everyone in the gig economy is in a grey area," he added.