AI development cannot be left to market whim, UN experts warn
September 20, 2024
UNITED NATIONS: The development of artificial intelligence (AI) should not be guided by market forces alone, UN experts cautioned on Thursday, calling for the creation of tools for global cooperation. But they held back from suggesting the creation of a muscular worldwide governing body to oversee the rollout and evolution of a technology, the proliferation of which has raised fears around biases, misuse and dependence.
The panel of around 40 experts from the fields of technology, law and data protection was established by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres in October.
Their report, published days before the start of a high-profile “Summit of the Future,” raises the alarm over the lack of global governance of AI as well as the effective exclusion of developing countries from debates about the technology’s future.
Of the UN’s 193 members, just seven are part of the seven major initiatives linked to AI, while 118 are entirely absent — mostly nations of the global south. “There is, today, a global governance deficit with respect to AI,” which by its nature is cross-border, the experts warn in their report.
Alarm raised over lack of global governance and exclusion of developing countries from debate about technology’s future
“AI must serve humanity equitably and safely,” Guterres said this week. “Left unchecked, the dangers posed by artificial intelligence could have serious implications for democracy, peace, and stability.”
‘Too late’?
To the backdrop of his clarion call, the experts called on UN members to put in place mechanisms to grease the wheels of global cooperation on the issue, as well as to prevent unintended proliferation. “The development, deployment and use of such a technology cannot be left to the whims of markets alone,” the report says.
It called firstly for the creation of a group of scientific experts on AI modeled on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) forum of experts, whose reports are the last word on the issue of climate change.
The panel would brief the international community on emerging risks, identify research needs as well as how it could be used to alleviate hunger, poverty, and gender inequality, among other goals.
That proposal is included in the draft Global Digital Compact, still under discussion, which is due to be adopted Sunday at the “Summit of the Future.” The report endorses setting up a light-touch “coordination” structure within the UN secretariat.
But it stops short of a fully-fledged international governance body — like that sought by Guterres — based on the model of the UN’s nuclear watchdog, the IAEA.
“If the risks of AI become more serious, and more concentrated, it might become necessary for Member States to consider a more robust international institution with monitoring, reporting, verification, and enforcement powers,” the report said.
The authors acknowledge that owing to the warp speed of change in AI, it would be pointless to attempt to draw up a comprehensive list of dangers presented by the ever-evolving technology.
Published in Dawn, September 20th, 2024
UNITED NATIONS: The development of artificial intelligence (AI) should not be guided by market forces alone, UN experts cautioned on Thursday, calling for the creation of tools for global cooperation. But they held back from suggesting the creation of a muscular worldwide governing body to oversee the rollout and evolution of a technology, the proliferation of which has raised fears around biases, misuse and dependence.
The panel of around 40 experts from the fields of technology, law and data protection was established by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres in October.
Their report, published days before the start of a high-profile “Summit of the Future,” raises the alarm over the lack of global governance of AI as well as the effective exclusion of developing countries from debates about the technology’s future.
Of the UN’s 193 members, just seven are part of the seven major initiatives linked to AI, while 118 are entirely absent — mostly nations of the global south. “There is, today, a global governance deficit with respect to AI,” which by its nature is cross-border, the experts warn in their report.
Alarm raised over lack of global governance and exclusion of developing countries from debate about technology’s future
“AI must serve humanity equitably and safely,” Guterres said this week. “Left unchecked, the dangers posed by artificial intelligence could have serious implications for democracy, peace, and stability.”
‘Too late’?
To the backdrop of his clarion call, the experts called on UN members to put in place mechanisms to grease the wheels of global cooperation on the issue, as well as to prevent unintended proliferation. “The development, deployment and use of such a technology cannot be left to the whims of markets alone,” the report says.
It called firstly for the creation of a group of scientific experts on AI modeled on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) forum of experts, whose reports are the last word on the issue of climate change.
The panel would brief the international community on emerging risks, identify research needs as well as how it could be used to alleviate hunger, poverty, and gender inequality, among other goals.
That proposal is included in the draft Global Digital Compact, still under discussion, which is due to be adopted Sunday at the “Summit of the Future.” The report endorses setting up a light-touch “coordination” structure within the UN secretariat.
But it stops short of a fully-fledged international governance body — like that sought by Guterres — based on the model of the UN’s nuclear watchdog, the IAEA.
“If the risks of AI become more serious, and more concentrated, it might become necessary for Member States to consider a more robust international institution with monitoring, reporting, verification, and enforcement powers,” the report said.
The authors acknowledge that owing to the warp speed of change in AI, it would be pointless to attempt to draw up a comprehensive list of dangers presented by the ever-evolving technology.
Published in Dawn, September 20th, 2024
Published September 21, 2024
DAWN
IMAGINE a world where libraries fit in your pocket, where distant voices echo in real-time across continents, and where the collective knowledge of humanity streams at your fingertips. This isn’t a utopian dream; it’s our present reality. In 2007, when Steve Jobs unveiled the iPhone, he set in motion a chain of innovations that would fundamentally alter our relationship with technology. This device became the paradigm for a new era of digital integration in everyday life, radically reshaping how we connect, work, and express ourselves.
Apple’s metamorphosis from a garage venture to a trillion-dollar titan epitomises the seminal ascent of Big Tech. Yet, Apple is merely one player on a grand technological stage, where the future of humanity unfolds act by act. Consider a world bereft of Google’s omniscient search, Amazon’s ubiquitous marketplace, Instagram’s shared gallery of human experience, or X’s real-time global conversations. In a mere two decades, these digital behemoths have propelled us from a world of fragmented communication to one where information flows as freely as thought itself. They’ve forged connections between billions, spawning an ecosystem that addresses a myriad of societal imperatives.
The democratisation of knowledge is perhaps Big Tech’s most profound gift to humanity, turning the internet into a vast, accessible repository, empowering both autodidacts and formal learners. This emancipation extends beyond the intellectual and into the economic realm, where e-commerce platforms have globalised local markets, and gig economy apps have shattered traditional notions of employment. In emerging economies, these digital tools enable entrepreneurs to leapfrog conventional development stages, fostering innovation and economic growth at an unprecedented pace.
At the epicentre of this seismic upheaval, Big Tech companies are charting the course of our collective future. Their substantial investments in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and machine learning are expanding the frontiers of possibility. These advancements transcend the tech sector, driving breakthroughs in transportation and space exploration, transforming agriculture, and combating climate change with hyper-efficient energy systems. Technology-driven learning environments that go beyond physical boundaries are profoundly reshaping education. In healthcare, they are pioneering everything from real-time health monitoring to AI-assisted diagnostics, personalised medicine, gene editing, and bioengineering — paving the way for unprecedented improvements in human health and longevity.
The global footprint of Big Tech extends far beyond innovation or the foundation of our digital existence.
Moreover, the global footprint of Big Tech extends far beyond innovation or the foundation of our digital existence. Their economic impact reverberates worldwide, generating millions of jobs directly and through extensive supply chains. They’ve birthed entire industries, from app development to digital marketing, while their cloud computing services and network infrastructure investments support the exponential growth of our data-driven society.
In times of global crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, these companies proved indispensable, facilitating remote work and education, thus sustaining economic and social continuity amid extraordinary disruption. Social media platforms evolved into digital agoras, bridging vast geographical chasms and fostering unparalleled cultural cross-pollination. During crises, these platforms metamorphose into critical infrastructure, coordinating relief efforts and disseminating vital information with unmatched efficiency.
However, this digital renaissance is not without its shadows. Big Tech now navigates an increasingly complex regulatory landscape. In the US, a bipartisan coalition of senators has proposed some of the most stringent technology regulations in decades. These include the American Innovation and Choice Online Act, aimed at preventing large platforms from favouring their own products; the American Data Privacy Protection Act, which seeks to establish a comprehensive national framework for data privacy; the Platform Accountability and Consumer Transparency Act, focused on increasing transparency in content moderation practices; and the Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency Act, designed to combat algorithmic bias and promote fairness in automated decision-making systems.
As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, unilateral regulation by any single country, especially one as influential as the US, risks creating fragmentation in the global digital ecosystem. An internationally coordinated approach is essential — only through global cooperation can we hope to create a regulatory framework that is as borderless and dynamic as the technology it seeks to govern.
The path forward demands a delicate balance — nurturing innovation while addressing legitimate concerns. It calls for a collaborative framework uniting tech companies, governments, and civil society. This tripartite alliance must tackle multifaceted challenges: establishing ethical guidelines for AI development, enhancing data protection and transparency, mitigating algorithmic biases, and creating robust global standards for data privacy and security. Equally vital are diversity initiatives that will ensure the fruits of innovation are shared inclusively, and dismantling the technological apartheid that silently segregates our society based on digital access.
In the realm of fair competition, the alliance must act as a vigilant guardian, safeguarding digital marketplaces as level playing fields where nascent innovators can challenge tech titans without fear of being stifled by preferential treatment. This watchfulness must extend to the equally crucial domain of content moderation. The goal must be to avoid burdening tech companies with an impossible mandate that forces them to choose between creating sterile voids or allowing anarchic cesspools — neither of which serves the public interest.
A promising path forward lies in developing an internationally coordinated, tiered system of content moderation with clear guidelines for different types of harmful content. This approach would establish baseline content policies while allowing for necessary cultural and legal variations. By preserving the vibrancy of online spaces while mitigating the spread of harmful content, such a system would serve both free expression and public safety.
As we stand at the helm of this technological revolution, where the algorithms of today sculpt the realities of tomorrow, we must recognise both the transformative power of Big Tech and the weight of its responsibility. The challenge extends beyond merely reining in Big Tech. By embracing this pivotal moment with wisdom and foresight, we can harness the raw power of technology into a catalyst for universal enlightenment and progress. In this grand digital odyssey, we are not just spectators, but the authors of our collective destiny.
The writer is an entrepreneur based in the US and the UK, and a shareholder in several technology companies, including some mentioned in this article.
sar@aya.yale.edu
X: @viewpointsar
Published in Dawn, September 21st, 2024
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