World record: 450 Tb/s transmission over a metropolitan link using legacy optical fiber

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)

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Figure 1. Simplified diagram of the transmission experiment

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Credit: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Map data from OpenStreetMap, https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright

Highlights

- A new world record for optical data transmission: 450 Tb/s over a metropolitan network.
- The transmitted signal occupied 42.4 THz of bandwidth - the widest ever sent through an optical fiber.
- The result was achieved over already-installed (legacy) optical fiber in London, UK, linking University College London to the Telehouse North data center.

 

Abstract

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT, President: OHNO Hideo, Ph.D.), together with 5 international research partners, has demonstrated a record-breaking 450 terabits per second (Tb/s) optical transmission - the first time such a rate has been achieved over a field-deployed legacy fiber. The link, in London, UK, connects University College London (UCL) to the Telehouse North data center. This work is part of a long-standing collaboration between NICT and UCL.

The team introduced new optical-amplifier technologies that support ultra-wideband signals. Conventional commercial systems use up to about 10 THz of bandwidth, covering the C- and L-bands. The new system uses the O-, E-, S-, C- and L-bands together, more than quadrupling the available bandwidth to a record 42.4 THz. The resulting data rate of 450 Tb/s surpasses the previous records of 402 Tb/s and 430 Tb/s, set in 2024 and 2025 over laboratory fibers. Unlike those earlier demonstrations, the new experiment used real, already-installed fibers from the UK National Dark Fibre Facility (NDFF). This is therefore the closest demonstration to date of how the full capacity of existing fiber infrastructure could be unlocked, paving the way for the next generation of networks needed to support AI services and beyond-5G mobile systems.

This achievement was reported as a postdeadline paper at the 2026 Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2026) on Thursday, March 19, 2026, at the Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.

 

Background

New services such as AI, self-driving vehicles and beyond-5G mobile communications are placing growing demands on telecommunication networks. To meet these needs, the technique known as multi-band wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) has been developed to make use of the full capacity of today's optical fibers. In earlier work, we demonstrated transmission across the O-, E-, S-, C-, L- and U-bands, which together cover most of the low-loss region of an optical fiber. That demonstration, however, was carried out only under ideal laboratory conditions.

 In this new experiment, we exceeded the previous bandwidth and data-rate limits using new amplifier technologies covering the O-, E-, S-, C- and L-bands. Crucially, the experiment was performed over a field-deployed fiber link, which has significantly higher loss than a laboratory fiber due to splices, connectors and previous fiber-cut repairs. The link, installed in London, UK, runs from the UCL campus to the Telehouse North data center as shown in Figure 1.

 

Achievements

Working with its partners, NICT developed an optical-fiber transmission system with the widest bandwidth ever reported, 42.4 THz, and used it to send a signal through a field-deployed fiber in London, UK. With a total throughput of 450 Tb/s, the signal sets a new capacity record for a standard optical fiber. The wideband WDM signal contained up to 1,273 individual wavelength channels across the O-, E-, S-, C- and L-bands, spanning  42.4 THz of bandwidth (1,264.0 nm to 1,617.8 nm) as shown in Table 1. The signal was sent over 39 km of fiber, most of it running underground, between the UCL campus and the Telehouse data center in London Docklands, and back again. High data rates were obtained using dual-polarization quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-QAM) with up to 256 symbols per constellation. The generalized mutual information (GMI)-based estimated data rate after 39 km transmission reached 450 Tb/s. This surpasses the previously reported highest data rate in single-mode fiber (SMF). Table 1 compares this result with our results of past wideband transmission experiments. These results show that multi-band wavelength-division multiplexing can unlock previously untapped capacity in standard optical fibers.

New ultra-high-capacity optical-fiber technologies will be essential for communications beyond 5G. To keep deployment costs and timelines manageable, they need to be compatible with the fiber infrastructure that is already in the ground. Building on existing networks in this way enables faster rollout, better use of resources and reliable high-speed connectivity for tomorrow’s digital services. The paper containing these results was presented at the postdeadline session of the 2026 Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2026) on Thursday, March 19, 2026, at the Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.

 

Future Prospects

NICT will continue to drive research and development on new technologies, components and fibers that open up additional transmission windows, for both near- and long-term applications. NICT also aims to extend the reach of these wideband, ultra-high-capacity systems and to broaden their compatibility with field-deployed fibers.

 

Previous NICT Press Releases

- Novel Transmission Technique Enables World Record 430 Tb/s in a Commercially Available, International-Standard-Compliant Optical Fiber

https://www.nict.go.jp/en/press/2025/11/11-1.html

 

- World Record 402 Tb/s Transmission in a Standard Commercially Available Optical Fiber

https://www.nict.go.jp/en/press/2024/06/26-1.html

 

- World Record 301 Tb/s Transmission in a Standard Commercially Available Optical Fiber

https://www.nict.go.jp/en/press/2024/01/29-1.html

 

- World's First Successful Transmission of 1 Petabit per Second in a Standard Cladding Diameter Multi-core Fiber

https://www.nict.go.jp/en/press/2022/05/30-1.html

 

Reference

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2026, Postdeadline Session

Title: 450 Tb/s GMI, 42.4 THz, OESCL-Band Transmission Over a Field-Deployed Fiber

Authors: Ruben S. Luis, Jiaqian Yang, Romulo Aparecido, Mindaugas Jarmolovicius, Eric Sillekens, Ronit Sohanpal, Zelin Gan, Aleksandr Donodin, Vitaly Mikhailov, Jiawei Luo, David DiGiovanni, Nicolas Fontaine, Lauren Dallachiesa, Mikael Mazur, Roland Ryf, Haoshuo Chen, David Neilson, Ian Phillips, Wladek Forysiak, Sergei Turitsyn, Daniele Orsuti, Hideaki Furukawa, Robert Killey, and Polina Bayvel.

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Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

Not applicable

Article Title

450 Tb/s GMI, 42.4 THz, OESCL-Band Transmission Over a Field-Deployed Fiber

 

Figure 5. Recent data rate records and transmission bandwidths with laboratory and field-deployed fibers

 

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the transmission system using O-, E-, S-, C- and L-band signals

The system uses bismuth-, thulium- and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The signal is generated at the UCL campus and sent over the NDFF fiber to the Telehouse data center, where it is looped back over a second fiber to UCL for reception and processing. The total achieved capacity was 450 Tb/s.

 

Table 1. Comparison of wideband transmission demonstrations

Credit

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)

 

Commonly prescribed medication for sleep problems raises alarm bells

Flinders University

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Amid growing concern about the widespread off‑label use of sedative medications for sleep problems, Flinders University researchers have led a world‑first clinical trial examining how a commonly prescribed ‘sleeping pill’ affects sleep, breathing and next‑day performance.

Published in the high‑ranking Annals of the American Thoracic Society, the study found that low‑dose quetiapine (Seroquel) - frequently prescribed off‑label for insomnia - modestly improved sleep quality and reduced obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity, but significantly impaired alertness and driving performance the following day.

Off-label use refers to prescribing a medication for an unapproved purpose. Quetiapine, approved for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, is increasingly prescribed at low doses for insomnia and anxiety because of its sedative effects.

“There’s a growing belief that low‑dose quetiapine is a relatively harmless way to help people sleep,” says lead author, Cricket Fauska, a PhD candidate for FHMRI Sleep Health at Flinders University. 

“Our results show it’s not that simple. Although participants slept longer and woke less overnight, their reaction times were slower, and their simulated driving performance was noticeably worse the next morning.”

The trial focused on people with obstructive sleep apnoea who also struggle to stay asleep - a common but often overlooked combination known as comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea. While many patients and clinicians assume a better night’s sleep leads to better daytime functioning, the findings suggest this may not hold true when quetiapine is used.

In the randomised, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study, 15 adults spent two nights in a sleep laboratory - one night after taking 50 milligrams of quetiapine and one after taking a placebo. Full overnight sleep studies were conducted, and the following morning participants completed a driving simulator task and a vigilance test to objectively measure alertness.

Compared with placebo, quetiapine reduced the number of breathing interruptions during sleep and improved sleep efficiency, without worsening oxygen levels. However, it also caused slower reaction times, more lapses in attention and poorer steering control during the driving simulation - markers that are strongly linked to real‑world crash risk.

“What was particularly concerning is that some people didn’t feel especially sleepy the next day, despite performing worse on objective tests,” says Fauska. 

“That mismatch between how people feel and how they actually function poses a serious safety risk, especially when it comes to driving.”

Quetiapine is approved to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but it is increasingly prescribed at much lower doses for insomnia, anxiety and general sleep complaints.

Matthew Flinders Professor Danny Eckert, Director of FHMRI Sleep Health and senior author on the paper says the findings raise important questions about current prescribing practices particularly in primary care.

“Around 80 percent of people with OSA are undiagnosed and unaware they have the condition, and to add to this, a key symptom is finding it difficult to stay asleep,” says Professor Eckert. 

“Sleep complaints like this are common in general practice, and in Australia around 90 per cent of people who present with insomnia symptoms will leave with a sleeping pill rather than a sleep assessment”.

“Our study shows that while quetiapine can make sleep look better on the surface, it may actually make people less safe the next day.”

The findings also highlight a broader shift in how sleep disorders like OSA are best managed with another new study finding that rather than relying on one‑size‑fits‑all solutions, there is growing evidence that targeting the underlying causes of sleep disruption can improve both treatment effectiveness and patient outcomes.

“Sleep apnoea is a complex condition with different underlying drivers in different people,” says Professor Eckert.

“What we’re learning is that treatment needs to be tailored — using the right approach, or combination of approaches, for the individual rather than defaulting to sedating medications.”

The researchers say better screening for sleep apnoea, increased access to evidence‑based treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi), and clear warnings about next‑day impairment are essential.

More than three‑quarters of participants experienced side effects after just a single dose of quetiapine, including grogginess, dizziness and drops in blood pressure. One participant required medical review after a fall.

Although no serious long‑term harm occurred, the researchers say the results underscore the need for caution.

“Our findings suggest quetiapine should not be used as a routine sleep medication in people with known or possible sleep apnoea, particularly when next‑day alertness is critical,” says Professor Eckert.

The research team recommend safer alternatives such as CBTi, alongside care pathways that prioritise sleep apnoea screening before prescribing sedating medications.

The paper, ‘Quetiapine modestly improves sleep and breathing but impairs next day performance in people with OSA and difficulty maintaining sleep: A randomized controlled trial’, by Cricket Fauska, Tarun Bastiampillai, Georgina Rawson, Barbara Toson, Andrew Vakulin, Robert Adams, Gary Wittert, Kelly A. Loffler and Danny J. Eckert, was published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society journal. DOI: 10.1093/annalsats/aaoag092

See also, “Developments in Pharmacotherapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Unlocking the Potential for Targeted Treatment” by Danny J Eckert was published in Drugs 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-025-02268-9.

Acknowledgements: This study was funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Grant (1196261).

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Journal

Annals of the American Thoracic Society

DOI

10.1093/annalsats/aaoag092 

Method of Research

Randomized controlled/clinical trial

Subject of Research

People

Article Title

Quetiapine modestly improves sleep and breathing but impairs next day performance in people with OSA and difficulty maintaining sleep: A randomized controlled trial’

COI Statement

This study was funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Grant (1196261). Outside the current work, DJE reports research grants from Bayer, Apnimed, Eli Lilly, Invicta Medical, Withings and Takeda and serves on Scientific Advisory Boards or as a consultant for Invicta Medical, Mosanna, SleepRes and Apnimed.

 

Biodiversity offsetting shows promise in pollinator conservation

British Ecological Society

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Offset  grassland

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Credit: Credit Francesca Sodano

Newly created grassland habitats that compensate for nature lost to development can effectively support wild pollinators like bees and hoverflies, according to a first of its kind study in the Netherlands. The findings are published in the British Ecological Society’s Journal of Applied Ecology.

In a new study, researchers from Wageningen University compared newly created offset grasslands with existing grasslands across the Netherlands. They found the offset grasslands supported twice the number of wild bees compared to existing grasslands, and supported more species of wild bee. Hoverfly numbers were comparable across both.

The number of flower species was also comparable, but the types of flowers differed. This suggests that the offsets aren't perfect replacements for existing grasslands but can still provide important resources for wild pollinators.

The findings indicate that when implemented well, biodiversity offset sites can be as good, and may initially even be better, than existing sites in terms of wild pollinator species richness.

Klara Leander Oh of Wageningen University and lead author of the study, said: “Our study presents convincing evidence that biodiversity offsetting can be an effective tool for pollinator biodiversity conservation. However, for offsetting to work well, the created habitats need to be carefully planned and managed.”

In the last century, The Netherlands has lost 90% of its semi-natural grasslands, a vital habitat for pollinators. Biodiversity offsetting schemes like the EU’s No Net Loss policy and Biodiversity Net Gain in the UK are proposed as measures to halt and reverse habitat and biodiversity loss.

While the findings from this study provide evidence that biodiversity offsetting can be effective, the study only included offset sites that were successfully established. Because the level of management can vary between sites, there is still uncertainty over the effectiveness of biodiversity offsetting sites as a whole.

“A lot of uncertainty surrounds how many legally-required offsets are actually implemented and if they are properly managed.”, said Klara. “Better record-keeping and long-term monitoring are needed to make sure that these offsets are actually supporting biodiversity.”

In the study, which is one of the first to assess the effectiveness of biodiversity offsetting for pollinator conservation, the researchers compared 20 semi-natural grassland offsets with 20 existing grasslands across the Netherlands. The existing grasslands represented the intended end-goal of the newly created offset sites.

The researchers used transect walks, flower counts and vegetation surveys to assess floral resources, vegetation and wild bee and hoverfly abundance and diversity.

-ENDS-

 

Existing reference grassland

Credit

Credit Francesca Sodano

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Journal

Journal of Applied Ecology

DOI

10.1111/1365-2664.70410 

Method of Research

Observational study

Subject of Research

Animals

Article Title

The effectiveness of biodiversity offsetting for wild pollinator conservation

Article Publication Date

2-Jun-2026

 

Organic farming surges in Andalusia, driven by both conviction and commercial appeal

A study by the UCO reveals the motivations behind the Andalusian agricultural sector's adoption of organic practices in a region that accounts for 50% of these types of crops nationwide

University of Córdoba

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Among the goals it has set for 2030, the European Union aims to ensure that at least one quarter of agricultural land is farmed using organic or ecological practices. In this race, Andalusia holds a significant advantage: over 50% of Spain's organic farming is concentrated in the south, making its lands a testing ground for policies that encourage and promote these practices. Until now, however, the motivations behind choosing organic practices over others had not been thoroughly studied. A team from the University of Córdoba surveyed around 200 farmers and reached a conclusion: moral motivations (concern for the environment and the social ecosystem) are just as important as those linked to profitability.

"The data reveal a strong balance between what we call the rational, utilitarian, and moral dimensions. In other words, environmental awareness is on par with personal and economic interests," explained Sandra Sánchez Cañizares, who co-authored the study with Javier Cabeza Ramírez, Miguel González Mohino, and José Antonio López Castro in the University of Córdoba's Business Organization Department.

For this study, recently published in the Journal of Environmental Management and conducted as part of a project entitled "Designing effective policies for the ecological transition of agriculture. A microeconomic approach", under the auspices of the Andalusian Plan for Research, Development, and Innovation, the team reached out to agricultural cooperatives and conducted in-person interviews with some 200 farmers from all across Andalusia, particularly from Córdoba, Málaga, and Seville. Subsequently, to classify and process the information gathered, the team combined several theoretical models: the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Norm Activation Model.

As Javier Cabeza Ramírez explained, the study's key contribution lies in its focus on the farmers themselves, rather than on economic or business variables. "Most studies on organic farming focus on the type of crop, the business model, or the subsidies received, while overlooking the farmer, who is really the key player," the researcher stated. In this case, "we have focused on their motivations to better understand the Andalusian context, so that we can export it as a model to other parts of Europe."

Recipes for a practical agricultural policy

The results highlight the diversity within Andalusia's agricultural sector, where professionals with varying sociodemographic profiles coexist and have differing relationships with the organic model. Therefore, as Sandra Sánchez Cañizares pointed out, "if the European Union wants to promote organic farming, it needs to diversify its policies based on different profiles and needs."

At this point, the study suggests targeting retention-focused policies—with simplified administration and procedures as the key selling point—at farmers who have already embraced the organic model. For those who are reluctant to adopt it, the study suggests designing policies focused on appealing to their moral convictions regarding the environment and providing the training and assistance necessary for the transition to the new model.

Understanding why something works is key to exporting successful models. In a Spain that is still far from meeting the EU's 2030 goals, Andalusia, with over 1.4 million hectares dedicated to organic farming, stands as a beacon, guiding the rest of Europe on the path forward.

 

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DOI

10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129321 

Method of Research

Data/statistical analysis

Subject of Research

People

Article Title

An integrated model to assess the psychosocial determinants of the intention to adopt organic farming practices

 

Europe’s food systems are locked in, but researchers may have found the keys

Time has come for a greener, healthier and more resilient and competitive food system. Yet the transformation is progressing slowly. Our ways of producing and consuming food are locked into structures that are difficult to change, according to researchers

Aarhus University

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Europe’s agrifood system is under severe pressure. Climate change is causing droughts and floods, and agriculture is putting pressure on nature, the climate and the environment. Diet‑related lifestyle diseases are placing a growing burden on healthcare systems. At the same time, agriculture is expected to deliver affordable food, climate action, biodiversity and food security all at once while maintaining competitiveness in a global market.

On paper, ambitions are high. The EU’s Green Deal and the Member States’ national climate plans all point towards a comprehensive transformation. In practice, however, progress is very slow. Many of the same problems persist year after year.

This paradox is the focal point of a new scientific article in Nature Food, coordinated through a joint collaboration between Jørgen E. Olesen from Aarhus University, Bart de Steenhuijsen Piters from Wageningen University & Research, and Sophie Nicklaus from the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), together with researchers from a number of European universities and research institutions.

“There is broad agreement that Europe’s food supply needs to change. Yet regulatory frameworks are very conservative, meaning that change happens far too slowly. That tension is what we have tried to understand in this study,” says Sophie Nicklaus.

Why is it so difficult to change the way we get our food?

The researchers behind the article use the concept of “lock‑ins” to explain why transformation repeatedly runs into barriers. Lock‑ins are self‑reinforcing mechanisms that keep Europe tied to particular ways of producing, regulating and consuming food even when there are strong arguments for changing course.

The challenge is not a lack of knowledge or willingness among individual actors. On the contrary, many farmers, companies, consumers and policymakers want change. But they operate within frameworks where incentives, regulations, market structures and habits pull in different directions and maintain the current systems.

Five ways Europe locks itself in

The research team identifies five central lock‑ins that together slow down the transformation of the EU’s food system.

1. Fragmented policy and lack of coordination

A fundamental problem is that Europe’s food sector is regulated in a piecemeal way. The EU has a Common Agricultural Policy, but diet, health, environment, trade and consumption are often dealt with in separate political silos.

As a result, policy measures can work against one another. A subsidy scheme may promote high production, while health authorities simultaneously recommend reduced consumption of certain foods. Climate and environmental goals may collide with short‑term economic priorities.

“If you only look at agriculture and not at the entire food chain from soil to plate, you lose coherence. That is a fundamental structural challenge,” explains Bart de Steenhuijsen Piters.

2. Behaviour and dietary habits that are hard to change

In large parts of Europe, diets are characterised by high consumption of animal‑based and unhealthy foods. This has consequences for climate, the environment and public health.

Even when consumers want to eat more healthily and sustainably, changing habits is difficult. Price, culture, availability, marketing and social norms all play an important role.

3. Market structures and power relations

The food system is largely organised around efficiency, large‑scale production and low prices. This has made food affordable and accessible, but it has also locked the sector into existing pathways.

“When short‑term efficiency is rewarded, it becomes difficult to invest in solutions that only pay off in the long term, such as soil health, biodiversity, climate stability and human health,” says Jørgen E. Olesen.

4. Environmental costs without a price tag

Greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss and degradation of soil and water affect society as a whole, but are rarely reflected in food prices. This makes it harder for sustainable alternatives to compete.

5. Crises and unpredictability as the new normal

Climate change, geopolitical instability and global market shocks are making Europe’s food supply more vulnerable. Yet the system is still optimised for efficiency rather than robustness.

In the middle of complexity stands a new European research collaboration

Understanding these lock‑ins requires more than one discipline. That is why the Nature Food article was developed within a new European research alliance bringing together researchers from, among others, Aarhus University, Wageningen University & Research in the Netherlands and the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE).

Here, natural sciences, social sciences and nutrition research work together on a shared question: Why is the transformation of Europe’s food supply progressing so slowly, and what can actually make a difference?

In the work behind the article, 34 researchers from Denmark, France and the Netherlands contributed systematic expert assessments of barriers and opportunities across the entire food chain, from soil and production to consumption and regulation.

“What is special is that we are not looking for a single technical solution. Instead, we offer recommendations in the form of principles that can be used by many different actors, because the problems are interconnected,” says Sophie Nicklaus.

Five principles to move Europe forward

The researchers do not stop at describing the problems as they see them today. As something new, they also take the next step and propose solutions in the form of five principles that can guide policymakers, businesses and civil society, so that the necessary transformation of Europe’s food system does not stall:

1. Prioritising access to healthy, sustainable and affordable food
2. Including all actors in transformation processes, also those who risk losing out
3. Creating accountable and transparent processes and decision‑making
4. Using Europe’s diversity in agrifood systems as a strength
5. Shifting mindsets to a focus on prioritizing common goods

From analysis to action

The article also points to examples where the principles are already being put into practice: including the Green Tripartite Agreement in Denmark and various partnerships promoting healthier diets and locally based food initiatives across Europe.

“This is not only about new technologies. It is about leadership, priorities and the courage to work with the entire picture,” says Jørgen E. Olesen.

Next steps include coordinated research efforts to demonstrate that rigorous application of these principles is key towards the necessary transformation of EU agrifood systems. 

 

FACT BOX What is the European food system? The European food system covers the entire chain from soil to plate. In other words, all the activities and actors involved in producing, processing, distributing, selling and consuming food in Europe. This includes, among other things:   Agriculture The food industry Transport and trade Retailers Consumers Policy and regulation More than just food The food system affects climate, biodiversity, health, the economy and social conditions. That is why researchers work from the assumption that the challenges are interconnected and cannot be solved in isolation.

 

More information

Partners: Aarhus University; Wageningen University & Research (Netherlands); INRAE – French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (France); University of Copenhagen; Université Toulouse Capitole (France); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (France); Université Paris Cité (France); University of Paris‑Saclay (France); AgroParisTech (France); University of Montpellier (France); CNAM – Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (France).

Conflicts of interest: None declared.

Read more: The publication “Principles for guiding and unlocking transformation of the European Union agrifood system” is published in Nature Food. It is written by Jørgen E. Olesen, Bart de Steenhuijsen, Sophie Nicklaus, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel, Martha Bakker, Céline Bonnet, Hilke Bos-Brouwers, Lionel Bretillon, Henrik Brinch-Pedersen, Jeroen J. L. Candel, Tommy Dalgaard, Cécile Detang-Dessendre, Jørgen Eriksen, Edith J. M. Feskens, Agustín González Gaviola, Atze Jan van der Goot, Niels Halberg, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Marie Trydeman Knudsen, Per Kudsk, Miranda P. M. Meuwissen, Thomas Nesme, Stacy C. Pyett, Catherine M. G. C. Renard, Ruerd Ruben, Rogier P. O. Schulte, Antonius G. T. Schut, Louis-Georges Soler, Bo Jellesmark Thorsen, Stéphane Turolla, Hugo de Vries, Sigrid C. O. Wertheim-Heck, and Jette F. Young

Journal

Nature Food

DOI

10.1038/s43016-026-01360-x 

Article Title

Principles for guiding and unlocking transformation of the European Union agrifood system

Article Publication Date

1-Jun-2026