Tuesday, September 22, 2026

OpenAI reveals new AI misconduct incidents



Issued on: 17/09/2026 - FRANCE24


OpenAI has disclosed six previously unreported cases of AI misconduct, including agents concealing mistakes, fabricating information and communicating without authorisation, renewing concerns over whether advanced AI systems can remain aligned with human goals. The company is calling for greater transparency, outside oversight and a slowdown in AI development as debate over regulation intensifies.


Video by:  
Liza KAMINOV


BALKAN BLOG: Serbia’s students are testing a new way of doing politics

BALKAN BLOG: Serbia’s students are testing a new way of doing politics
Anti-government student protest in Belgrade, June 28, 2025 / Gavrilo AndrićFacebookTwitterLinkedIn
By Tatyana Kekic in Belgrade September 21, 2026

For nearly two years Serbia’s student protesters have occupied lecture halls, blocked roads and filled city squares. Now they are trying something rather harder: turning a movement without a conventional leader into a political organisation capable of running a country.

On September 14, the students submitted a list of 250 candidates for the snap parliamentary election on October 25. The list was subsequently certified by Serbia’s electoral commission with 69,099 valid signatures, nearly seven times the legal threshold of 10,000.

It is the clearest sign yet that the movement that emerged in the form of anti-corruption protests after the collapse of the Novi Sad railway-station canopy in November 2024 has the potential to move from the streets into electoral politics.

Its central promise is deliberately broad: change the way Serbia is governed.

The list, called Students’ List—Students Win, is headed not by a veteran opposition politician but by Ilija Srdanović, a cardiologist and professor at the University of Novi Sad who was little known outside academic and medical circles before the protests.

Srdanović has twice declined President Aleksandar Vučić's invitation to a televised debate, including an offer to meet on the independent broadcasters N1 or Nova S, saying he would speak to people who “have something to say and know something”.

Behind Srdanović are doctors, professors, engineers, artists, farmers and activists. Among the better-known candidates are Dejan Bodiroga, the former basketball star and current president of the EuroLeague, former National Bank of Serbia governor Dejan Šoškić, actor Tihomir Stanić and former athlete Mihail Dudaš.

The students say candidates were chosen through plenums and collective decision-making rather than by party leaders. They reject the idea of building the movement around a single figure, saying parliamentary mandates should be treated as public work rather than political prizes.

That puts the list at some distance from Serbia’s established party system, where political organisations have been closely identified with their leaders.

The ruling Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) is running under the banner Aleksandar Vučić—United Serbia, putting the president at the top of its list as he prepares to leave the presidency and seek the prime minister’s job.

Vučić is followed by Miloš Vučević, the SNS president and former prime minister, and Ana Brnabić, parliament speaker and former prime minister. The ticket also includes doctors, professors, artists, athletes and students, among them violinist Jovan Kolundžija, actors Branislav Lečić and Lidija Vukićević, former basketball player Željko Rebrača and Miloš Pavlović, a student who organised pro-government rallies.

The wider governing camp contains a generation of ministers and senior officials with years of experience in government, including Siniša Mali, Zlatibor Lončar, Marko Đurić and Bratislav Gašić, although they are not among the 250 parliamentary candidates.

The student movement is bringing people into electoral politics who have worked outside the political establishment, while the governing camp can draw on a deep pool of politicians and officials accustomed to running ministries and state institutions.

That difference is central to the argument the students are making about how Serbia should be governed — and to the questions they will face if they win seats.

From protest to programme

The students have tried to demonstrate that they are offering more than an anti-Vučić campaign. Their 11-point programme is divided into three broad sections: “Serbia or the Mafia”, “Knowledge is Power” and “Serbia Grows With Us”.

Much of it concerns the institutions that protesters say contributed to the Novi Sad disaster. The students propose greater independence for prosecutors and judges, scrutiny of politicians’ wealth, investigations into corruption, greater transparency in public procurement and audits of major infrastructure projects. They also want to reform the media regulator and public broadcaster.

The economic programme includes support for start-ups, domestic businesses and farmers, closer links between universities and employers, competitive appointments to state-owned companies, cheaper medicines and affordable housing. Other proposals include free school textbooks and restrictions on the use of fixed-term employment contracts.

It is a programme focused more on repairing institutions than on radically remaking the economy. There is also relatively little detail on some of the questions that have long divided Serbian politics, including relations with the European Union, Russia and China, Kosovo, energy security and public finances.

That breadth and ambiguity reflect the coalition the students have assembled. The movement has brought together university professors, farmers, artists, liberals, nationalists and people who had previously stayed away from politics. Avoiding positions on issues that could divide that coalition may help preserve it; it could also become harder once parliamentary politics forces decisions on specific policies.

A crowded opposition

The students are not the only opposition force on the ballot. Several established opposition parties have backed the movement rather than fielding their own candidates. These include the Democratic Party, the Green-Left Front, the Movement of Free Citizens and other opposition groups.

But the opposition remains fragmented. A pro-European coalition comprising the Freedom and Justice Party, Serbia Centre and the Solidarity movement is running separately under the name European Serbia. A right-wing alliance of the New Democratic Party of Serbia and the Monarchists is also contesting the election under the banner Authentic Right.

The student movement has therefore entered an electoral field in which it is both an alternative to the established opposition and dependent on some of its support.

The government, by contrast, has a political organisation built over years. The SNS has a nationwide network, established campaign infrastructure and politicians with experience in government.

The students have demonstrated a different kind of organisational capacity: mass mobilisation, local networks and the ability to collect tens of thousands of signatures in a short period.

The experience question

Vučić has already made the students’ lack of ideology and governing experience a central line of attack. He has accused them of lacking political experience and a clear vision for Serbia, arguing that running the state is too serious to be entrusted to people without experience in government.

The composition of the student list offers a different definition of expertise.

A doctor, a university professor or an engineer may have spent years managing complex organisations and making decisions with significant consequences, but that experience is not the same as running a ministry or negotiating a state budget.

The movement has also deliberately avoided appointing a conventional political leader. That has helped it maintain a collective identity during the protests, but government would bring different demands: negotiating coalitions, choosing ministers, managing a bureaucracy and resolving disagreements among people who may share a desire for institutional change without sharing the same views on everything else.

Those questions have so far remained largely hypothetical. The movement's immediate objective has been simpler: turn the energy of the protests into votes.

 

US official says Greenland agreement to be signed on Tuesday

21.09.2026, dpa

Photo: Ben Birchall/PA Wire/dpa

The United States, Denmark and Greenland are set to sign an agreement on Tuesday regarding the dispute over the strategically important Arctic island, US officials have told dpa. 

President Donald Trump is due to meet with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and Greenlandic Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen to formalize the new agreement, the White House official said on Monday. 

The arrangement which is intended to guarantee and defend the security of both Greenland and the US, the official said.

The US official did not specify a time or a specific location for the signing. However, it is expected to take place on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York, where Trump is due to deliver a speech on Tuesday.

A few days ago, the US, Denmark and Greenland unexpectedly announced a breakthrough in the dispute over the island. Exactly what had been agreed remained unclear at first. 

According to Trump, the agreement secures the US far-reaching powers and control over the Arctic island, which, although largely autonomous, is part of Danish territory.

Neither the Danish nor the Greenlandic side has so far confirmed Trump's account in these terms.

Trump threatened to annex Greenland on several occasions in the past - thereby not only snubbing NATO partner Denmark, but also raising doubts about the unity of the Western military alliance.

Trump justified his proposal on the grounds of US security interests, arguing that enemies of the US, such as China and Russia, were seeking to bring the island under their control - and that Denmark was powerless to prevent it.

ICE, Trump and Africa: Secret deals, broken lives


Cover image: Reporters: ICE, Trump and Africa: Secret deals, broken lives 
© Studio graphique FMM
44.03




Issued on: 21/09/2026 
44:07 min From the show


For this edition of Reporters+, Karina Chabour investigated the dark side of US President Donald Trump’s immigration policy: How ICE deports immigrants to so-called third countries in Africa, far from the United States and often far from their countries of origin.


Most of the people deported have been living in the US for decades. They worked, paid taxes and many even have families who were left behind. Without notice, they were arrested, detained and then deported to Ghana and Eswatini: countries they don’t know and where they have no relatives, no income and no legal status.

Our reporter met individuals who now live in limbo: without papers and sometimes detained, at risk of being sent back to the very country they fled, many fearing for their lives.

Cover image: Sofia Alvarez Jurado, Forbidden Stories, Paris, September 21, 2026. © Screengrab
09:59



The Deportation Project: behind the investigation on Trump administration’s mass deportations

As part of a consortium of 26 media outlets coordinated by Forbidden Stories, RFI and FRANCE 24 spent six months investigating the secret deals struck between the administration of US President Donald Trump and several African countries. These “third countries” have agreed to host undocumented migrants detained by ICE and deported from the US.

From Ghana to Cameroon and Eswatini, our journalists spoke to the people deported to countries utterly unfamiliar to them.

Lives in limbo and US pressure on African states

Behind the broken lives of the deported, the film reveals a dark system put in place by Washington. To secure agreements with African states, the US piles on the pressure: political and financial deals, discreet bargaining, or trade and tariff incentives.

READ MORE‘Waiting for us to crack’: In Cameroon, the victims of Trump’s deportations face uncertain fates

“ICE, Trump and Africa – Secret deals, broken lives” reveals how the US is relocating deportations: how secret deals are being carried out by the Trump administration, using human lives as a negotiating tool.

With the collaboration of Caroline Dumay, Olivia Bizot, Simon Martin and Marine Pradel.

Third-country removals: Trump’s deportation policy by the numbers

INVESTIGATION

Since January 2025, the Trump administration has deported more than 25,000 people to so-called “third countries” – places that are not their countries of origin. Working with a team of 26 international media outlets, Forbidden Stories and FRANCE 24 have used information gathered by NGOs and open-source information to count and map these deportations. Our investigation shines a light on the scale of this mass deportation campaign that is being carried out under the cover of darkness.


Issued on: 21/09/2026 - 
By:The FRANCE 24 Observers/
Lise KIENNEMANN


Forbidden Stories and FRANCE 24 have been working to document the scale of the Trump administration’s policy to deport people to third countries. © France Medias Monde graphic studio

For a better viewing experience on a large screen, expand the map.  



Rabbiatu Kuyateh considers the United States her country: “I've known it as my home”, she said. It isn’t where she was born, however: she was born and raised in Sierra Leone but fled the civil war there in the 90s. She has now lived in the United States for more than 30 years and has raised her own family there. Kuyateh is a nurse and, throughout this time, she had a series of renewable work permits and never obtained permanent residency. “I worked hard, I paid my taxes,” she said.

But in early July 2025, she was detained during a routine appointment with the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in Baltimore, Maryland. After spending four months in detention, she learned that she was going to be deported to Ghana, more than 1,000 km from her country of origin.

“I said, ‘Ghana? I’m not from Ghana; what am I going to do there? I only saw Ghana on the map; I don’t know where that is, ” she told the consortium.

THE DEPORTATION PROJECT Deported to Africa: An international investigation into Trump’s migrant policy


More than 25,000 people have been expelled to third countries

Since Donald Trump took office in January 2025, more than 25,000 people have been deported to a country that is not their home country and with which they often have no ties, according to a count carried out by a team of 26 international media outlets led by Forbidden Stories. A large majority – 20,000 people – were deported to Mexico. Others – at least 5,447 people – had, by August 31, 2026, been taken on deportation flights and dropped all across the globe.

These “third-country removals” have become a core part of the Trump administration’s repressive migration policy. In recent months, they have been making an increasing number of deportation agreements with third countries, often under a cloak of secrecy.

There has been very little official communication about these deportations.

“At the beginning of the administration, they were really overt about the fact they're carrying out these flights. But over the past year, the government has been very opaque about these third-country transfers,” said Savi Arvey, director of Policy, Refugee & Immigrant Rights at the NGO Human Rights First.

To “shed light on these transfers”, the organisation relies on public flight-tracking data, as well as a network of NGOs, lawyers and on-the-ground sources. It shares its findings through the ICE Flight Monitor project, which monitors these deportation transfers, and the Third Country Deportation Watch tracker, developed with the NGO Refugees International.

Our investigation is based on their work, as well as that of the Human Rights Center at the University of Berkeley, freedom of information requests, and information gathered by journalists around the world and the lawyers of the people who have been deported. We were able to document a large number of these deportations and gather information on the number and nationality of those deported (see our methodology here).
Deportation agreements concluded with 35 countries on six continents

A total of 28 countries located on six different continents had received third-country deportees from the United States by August 31, 2026. The Trump administration had also concluded more deals enabling them to deport third-country citizens to seven other countries. (In the meantime, one of these countries, Guyana, received its first transfer of third-country citizens – six people from Cuba and Afghanistan who were transferred there in early September.)

More than 5,000 people removed on deportation flights

There have been roughly 20,000 non-Mexican nationals deported to Mexico, according to data gathered by Third-country Deportation Watch, despite the fact that there is no official agreement between the two countries. They were taken there by land routes.

The others – at least 5,447 people of 89 different nationalities – have been deported by flight. The number of flights varies depending on the country.

The second-largest number of third-country deportees were sent to Guatemala, just south of Mexico. Nearly 3,000 people have been deported there; 90% of them Mexican nationals. Four other Central American countries have also received more than 250 third-country deportees: Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama and El Salvador.

Deals with 13 African countries

But people haven’t just been deported to the Americas. “During the first Trump administration, there were agreements signed with Mexico and three Central American countries [Editor’s note: Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador],” said Arvey. “Now we're seeing that the US is going well beyond Mexico and Central America to countries in the Caribbean, countries throughout South America and countries across Africa and even in parts of Eastern Europe.”

Thirteen African nations, most in West or Central Africa, have signed third-country deportation deals with the United States – representing more than a third of the overall countries that have signed. Of them, 12 had already received third-country deportees by August 31, 2026, representing a total of 450 people. For the time being, Ghana is the African country that has received the largest number of individuals, with more than 100 people from third countries being sent there. The Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Sierra Leone and Eswatini have each received dozens of people.

Savi Arvey says that some of the agreements are being made with “countries that previously the United States did not look to partner with”, including “such a corrupt autocratic government like Equatorial Guinea”. “It seems like the goal for the United States is the deal. The profile of the country, its human rights record doesn't matter at all. ”
‘I had started a new life in the United States; I felt safe’

According to our count, the people who have been deported are from nearly 90 different countries, most from Africa or Central or South America.

Malick (not his real name) was on the same deportation flight as Rabbiatu. Born in Senegal, he came to the United States in 2023 after fleeing his country over fears about his safety. He obtained a work permit.

“I had started a new life in the United States,” he said. “I felt safe.”

Like Rabbiatu, Malick had been granted a “withholding of removal”, meaning that the United States government can’t deport you to your home country because your life or freedom would be threatened there.

The Trump administration has said on numerous occasions that they are targeting people with criminal records for deportation. In June 2025, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) said that the policy would apply to “aliens who are so uniquely barbaric that their own countries won’t take them back, including convicted murderers, child rapists and drug traffickers".

But the reports published by different NGOs tell a different story, as do the interviews that our group carried out with 33 different people who have been deported.

“I did not commit any crime; I always abided by the law,” Kuyateh said. She’s far from the only one. Most of the people deported to African countries don’t have any criminal record, says Alma David, an American lawyer who represents dozens of deportees to Africa.

Furthermore, of the people deported to third countries who do have criminal records, many had already served their sentence – in many cases, years ago.
Poor treatment and arbitrary detention

While third country deportations are legal under US law, it is only under limited circumstances and when proper protocols have been followed to guarantee the person’s safety.

However, NGOs as well as lawyers representing the victims have been reporting on the human rights violations taking place during these transfers, including degrading treatment and arbitrary detention. In El Salvador, more than 250 men have been held in a high-security prison meant to house gangs, a place with “inhumane prison conditions", according to Human Rights Watch. The organisation also documented “constant beatings” and “cases of sexual violence".

Human rights organisations are also worried about the specific people who have been deported.

“What's been extremely worrying is the targeting of people who've been granted withholding and removal or protection under the Convention Against Torture for third-country removals, in particular to various countries in Africa, but also to Mexico,” Arvey said.

Historically, people with this legal status were generally not deported. But as part of its mass deportation campaign, the new Trump administration has started using third-country removals as a way to deport people without returning them to their home countries.

Like Malick and Rabbiatu, Soraya (not her real name) had this legal status. Soraya is Ghanaian; she fled to the United States in 2024 because of her sexual orientation. “Withholding of removal, it's protection,” she said. “I was thinking they were going to protect me rather than sending me to a third country that will not accept me. But they still brought me to Cameroon, an African country that doesn't accept LGBT.”

Fears are particularly centred on the risk of "chain refoulement” – in which individuals are removed to a third country only to be sent back to their home country, where they face persecution. “In many cases, what we have seen is they are very much sending people back to countries that US immigration judges have established are dangerous for them,” said Meredyth Yoon, a US-based lawyer who represents more than a dozen third-country nationals removed to African countries.

Isatou (not her real name), a Guinean who migrated to the US to flee a forced marriage, was removed to Ghana, and then sent back to her country of origin. For her safety, we won’t say where she is now. But a few months after her removal, she told the consortium she had no choice but to hide. “I don’t go out anymore, I’m scared of coming across my family,” she said. “They ruined my life.”
‘Indirect form of return to harm’

Michael Garcia Bocheneck, interim director of Human Rights Watch's US programme, said:


“We think the government is using third-country removals to avoid the responsibilities that it has under international law not to return people to harm. (...) In many cases, it seems that the tacit assumption is that the third country will simply return them to their home country anyway. It's an indirect form of return to harm, and it's still a violation of international law.”

Carolyn Patty Blum, Clinical Professor of Law Emerita at UC Berkeley School of Law, said that in accordance with the non-refoulement principle – “a defining principle” of international law –, “no one should be forced to return to any country where they face a risk of persecution, human rights violations or torture". “Both the United States and the receiving countries violate that law by transferring people to places where they face serious risk of harm.”

Many of the deals include blanket language on ensuring migrants are not arbitrarily detained or sent to another country where they could face persecution. But the “stated ‘assurances’ of protection in the receiving country are inadequate", said Blum, who also pointed to the absence of “any methods of ongoing oversight” once the individual is outside the US.

Moreover, while some of the deals (known as “Asylum Cooperative Agreements”) include guarantees that transferred individuals can request asylum in the receiving country, other arrangements (called “Third-Country Removal Agreements”) offer no such protections. “What's been so concerning in this case is that often there's a reference to just transit,” Arvey said. “It’s very overt that the country understands that it will just serve as a transfer point. So it raises huge concerns about refoulement.”

Human rights advocates have repeatedly denounced the DHS policy of deporting individuals with little to no notice – leaving them with no real chance to contest their removal if they fear for their safety in the receiving country. On September 18, 2026, a US federal appeals court ruled that removing individuals to third countries without giving them a meaningful opportunity to raise fears of torture or persecution is illegal. The court also rejected the Trump administration's argument that general human rights assurances from third countries are sufficient.

DHS General Counsel James Percival said shortly after the decision that the ruling will not prevent “the third country deportation policy” from “continuing”. “If you claim fear in your home country, DHS has the right to send you elsewhere.”

That view is not shared by Trina Realmuto, the executive director at National Immigration Litigation Alliance, one of the groups who brought the class-action case. She told our consortium that “the decision is effective now, which means DHS cannot continue to apply its existing third-country removal policy”. However, she said that they “anticipate the government will seek Supreme Court review and could seek a stay of the decision while they do so.”
The Deportation Project: behind the investigation on Trump administration’s mass deportations


As part of a consortium of 26 media outlets coordinated by Forbidden Stories, RFI and FRANCE 24 spent six months investigating the secret deals struck between the administration of US President Donald Trump and several African countries. These “third countries” have agreed to host undocumented migrants detained by ICE and deported from the US.

From Ghana to Cameroon and Eswatini, our journalists spoke to the people deported to countries utterly unfamiliar to them.
Chilling effect

Removing people to third countries with almost no warning has also been used by the Trump administration to deter migration and encourage self-deportation, according to the lawyers and NGOs we spoke with.

“If you come to our country illegally and break our laws, you could end up in CECOT, Alligator Alcatraz, Guantanamo Bay, or South Sudan or another third country,” said Tricia McLaughlin, a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) spokeswoman, in August 2025, referencing the aforementioned Salvadoran prison and a now-closed detention centre in Florida.

“With countries like Palau or Eswatini, the point is that the Administration can threaten people that they will literally be dropped in the middle of nowhere,” a US official reportedly said, according to a report by Democratic members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Contacted by the consortium, the US Department of State said in a statement that they “will use all legal means” to remove individuals with no right to remain in the US and that “they do not comment on their private diplomatic communications with other governments”. At the time of publication, ICE had not responded to our questions.

The consortium also contacted the governments of the 35 countries that have concluded a deal with the US. The Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the interior ministry reiterated that “Mexico has not signed an agreement with the United States” to receive foreign nationals, saying it was receiving these “individuals on humanitarian grounds". The Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied that an agreement had been signed with the US. At the time of publication, the other countries had not responded to our questions.
‘Threats of tariffs, visa bans or cuts to assistance’

The reasons why countries agree to accept these nationals often remain murky. Even when the agreements have been made public, the quid pro quos involved are rarely mentioned.

But according to documents obtained by the Washington Post as part of this project, the US has pledged more than $ 81 million (70 million euros) to 13 governments in connection with these agreements. This includes more than 15 million dollars (13 million euros) each for Guatemala and Honduras. The administration has pledged over five million dollars to six other countries – the Dominican Republic, Eswatini, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Palau and Rwanda.

It seems, however, that these concessions are also tied to broader geopolitical or economic interests – quid pro quos that can often only be inferred from secondary agreements made alongside the transfers. The report from Senate Democrats stresses that “deportation is being used as a bargaining chip", with third countries “being pressured with threats of tariffs, visa bans, or cuts to assistance".

In the case of Ghana, for example, the foreign minister admitted following the deal that US officials had raised potential visa and tariff concessions for his country. Just days after the agreement was announced, the US lifted the five-year visa restrictions it had imposed on Ghana two months earlier.

“I think that it's fair to say that everybody is running a little scared of the US,” Bocheneck said. “I think they all know that whatever goodwill they've got with the US right now is very tenuous, and everybody's trying to do whatever they can on the political side to keep the goodwill as long as possible.”

Additional reporting: Magdalena Hervada, Léa Péruchon, Sofía Álvarez Jurado (Forbidden Stories) and Karina Chabour.


Investigation: In Cameroon, the victims of Trump’s deportations face uncertain fates

Under often-secret deals struck with third countries across Africa and Latin America, US President Donald Trump has deported thousands of people who were hoping to build new lives in the US to countries they’ve never set foot in before. Working with Forbidden Stories, FRANCE 24 investigated the stories of several African migrants whose lives were thrown into chaos by their abrupt deportation from the US to a temporary shelter in Cameroon’s capital Yaoundé.


Issued on: 21/09/2026 - 
FRANCE24
By:  David RICH


At least 44 people from more across Africa have been deported from the US to Cameroon – a country to which they have no connection. © Studio graphique FMM


“Welcome to the temporary migrant shelter.” In a residential neighbourhood in the Cameroonian capital of Yaoundé, a government compound has been transformed into a place for people with nowhere else to go.

Behind its high clay-coloured walls, 20-odd people share dorm rooms sparsely furnished with bunk beds.

Several days after her arrival, Barbara* is still struggling to get her bearings.

“I feel really bad, I have no family here, I don’t know anyone, and most people only speak French,” she said in English.


The young woman had fled persecution in her homeland Ethiopia to the US, hoping to build a new life for herself. But in April this year, she was deported without warning by US immigration authorities to the Central African country of Cameroon, a country utterly unknown to her.


‘They put me on a plane, and I landed here’

Born in the state of Tigray in the north of Ethiopia, Barbara left her country after war broke out between federal government forces and the region’s Tigray People’s Liberation Front. The conflict is believed to have killed more than 600,000 people between 2020 and 2024.

Fleeing persecution, she travelled to Brazil at the end of 2024 before making her way to the US border by bus. The young woman was detained by border police on arrival and sent to an immigration detention centre in Louisiana.

Several months later, a judge granted her “withholding of removal”, a legal protection distinct from asylum that nonetheless prevents recipients from being deported to their home country on the grounds that they would more likely than not face persecution.

Despite this measure, Barbara would remain in the detention centre for several more months – until she was abruptly bundled on board a flight to Cameroon on April 28, 2026.

“Police came to get me and told me I had to go back,” she said. “I was so shocked. They put me on a plane and I landed here.”

Within the walls of the Yaoundé migrant centre, people from almost a dozen African countries – Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe – all have similar stories.

Soraya* said she fled Ghana after her family found out about her sexual orientation.

“In Accra, people I know are looking for me,” she said. “They want me dead.”

Soraya had also been granted a protection measure in the US – before being deported without warning.
Legal loopholes

To be granted “withholding of removal” in the US, an applicant must show that they have more than a 50 percent risk of suffering persecution in their home country for reasons of race, religion, nationality, belonging to a particular social group or for their political beliefs.

But this protection does nothing to prevent recipients from being deported to countries deemed “safe” – that is to say, where deportees wouldn’t be exposed to the same risk of persecution that they would in their homeland.

The administration of US President Donald Trump has wasted no time in launching itself at this loophole. Having promised to bring an end to what he describes as an “invasion” of migrants, Trump has struck a number of bilateral agreements with what have been dubbed "third countries".
The “temporary migrant shelter” in Yaoundé. © Forbidden Stories

The aim is clear: to expel migrants who are legally protected from being deported to their home countries, and to send a warning to those hoping to follow in their footsteps.

“It’s precisely because these people have been granted this protection in the United States that they are sent here,” said Cameroonian lawyer Joseph Awah Fru, who provides legal assistance to migrants deported to Yaoundé. “The US needed a ‘blank-slate’ country.”
Secret deals

More than 35 “deals” have been signed so far, the majority of which have been struck with Latin American countries, like Mexico, Panama, El Salvador and Costa Rica, or African states including Cameroon, Ghana, Sierra Leone, DR Congo, Eswatini, the Central African Republic and Equatorial Guinea. These agreements have facilitated the deportation of more than 25,000 people.

But while the Trump administration has been stepping up the rate of deportations, the actual content of many of these agreements remains shrouded in mystery.

“Most of these are secret agreements that governments have not submitted to Parliament for approval,” said Beatrice Njeri, a Kenyan lawyer and a member of a coalition defending the rights of deportees. “There is neither openness nor transparency.”

She said that deportees often found themselves isolated in these third countries.

“They are being held in quasi-military conditions, treated as prisoners,” she said. “They usually have very limited access to a lawyer, so that they can find out what options are available to them, because governments want to force them to return to their home countries – despite the danger.”

In the case of Cameroon, the only publicly available document confirming the deal is an exchange of diplomatic notes that took place in December 2025, published in June by the US State Department.

Document : communiqué from the US embassy in Cameroon

As outlined in the note, both Yaoundé and Washington undertook to “arrange the transfer from the United States to the Republic of Cameroon of certain third-country nationals present in the United States”.

For its part, Cameroon agreed to treat these deportees in a manner consistent with its obligations under international law, and assured that they would not be subjected to persecution or torture, either in Cameroon or in any country that Yaoundé would send them on to.

The actual terms of the deal are still opaque. According to an investigation by the New York Times, the agreement appears to have been reached after Washington directly imposed financial pressure on the Central African country.

The US reportedly threatened to suspend a payment of some $30 million intended for the country office of the UN Refugee Agency. The payment finally went through on January 9 – six days before a plane carrying the first deportees from Louisiana touched down in the country.

A US government website said that the funding was intended “in support of third-country national arrangement negotiations”.

The UN refugee agency denied that the funds were earmarked for the resettlement of deportees, insisting that the money would be “allocated and used in accordance with its mandate”.

A source close to the Cameroonian government confirmed to FRANCE 24 that an agreement had been reached between Washington and Yaoundé, apparently negotiated by President Paul Biya himself, before the first deportations took place. The president's office did not respond to requests for comment.

The source said that the deal, which was struck in total secrecy, was meant to “improve” the relationship between both countries and strengthen cooperation on the economic and security fronts.

At the end of August, the two countries held an inaugural “US-Cameroon Bilateral Economic and Commercial Dialogue” in Yaoundé. During the event, the US announced an investment of $7 billion in Cameroonian industries ranging from tech, critical minerals, infrastructure and energy.


The Deportation Project: behind the investigation on Trump administration’s mass deportations


As part of a consortium of 26 media outlets coordinated by Forbidden Stories, RFI and FRANCE 24 spent six months investigating the secret deals struck between the administration of US President Donald Trump and several African countries. These “third countries” have agreed to host undocumented migrants detained by ICE and deported from the US.

From Ghana to Cameroon and Eswatini, our journalists spoke to the people deported to countries utterly unfamiliar to them.

Deported without documents

In Yaoundé, the deportees allege they were stripped of their passports by US authorities, who have held onto them since their departure.

“When we arrived, we weren’t allowed to leave the centre,” said Soraya, who was on the first flight that landed in Cameroon on January 15. “We were treated like criminals.”

Unable to move around freely, some of the deportees took drastic measures – to little result.

“We decided to go on a hunger strike in protest, and that’s why they said they were going to give us identity documents that would allow us to move around freely,” she said. “But they only gave us a piece of paper valid for just two months that we could show if we were stopped by police.”

“The migrants are housed and fed, but they have no money,” Awah Fru said. “They can leave the centre, but the authorities warned them that they would not be held responsible if something happened to them. Their freedom has been violated.”

The source close to the Cameroonian government defended the measures.

“When you don’t have your papers in a country, you are required to restrict your movements,” they said.

For weeks now, Awah Fru has been making frequent visits to the centre to try to ensure the deportees’ rights are upheld. On August 5, the lawyer lodged an appeal on behalf of 36 migrants deported to Cameroon between January and May 2026 with the Yaoundé Administrative Court. He is seeking to suspend the agreement with the United States on the grounds that the deportations put them at risk of persecution and torture.

“From the moment that Cameroon agreed to welcome these people onto its territory, it has the responsibility to protect them like refugees,” he said. It’s a campaign that the lawyer has waged by himself – and not an easy one.
Constant pressure

During his first visit to the centre on February 17, Awah Fru and the four journalists accompanying him were briefly detained by the judicial police – an act that only deepened the climate of fear among the deportees, who largely refuse all contact with the media.

While in detention, the journalists were forced to delete the videos they had recorded and were warned by the police not to do any more work on the story. The source close to the government described their detention as “an unfortunate incident by a handful of overzealous police”.

“There’s no omerta around this case,” they insisted.

Despite these assurances, the Cameroonian government still hasn’t responded to FRANCE 24’s application for a media visa, submitted for this investigation.

Because of this, the testimonies of the deportees had to be recorded remotely.

The source close to the government insisted that Cameroon was a “welcoming country” where the deportees “are treated well”. The migrants have reportedly been visited by multiple officials from the justice and foreign affairs ministries.

They have also met with representatives from the UN Refugee Agency and the UN’s International Organization for Migration.


'Deportation machine': How Donald Trump and ICE are changing America
Cover image: 'Deportation machine': How Donald Trump and ICE are changing America
 © AFP
17:30



The latter agency plays a crucial role in the lives of those held in the detention centre – particularly those who decide to return to their home countries.

“The IOM representatives don’t tell us that they’re going to force us to return to our home countries, but that they can help us if we wish to do so,” one of the deportees said. “The government representatives, on the other hand, tell us that we must return to our home countries.”

“Where someone asks us to help them return to their country of origin, or to another country where they have the legal right to stay, we do so only after individualised counselling and protection screening,” the agency said in a statement, adding that the decision needed to be “freely” made.

“Our commitment in no way constitutes an endorsement of the decisions that led to the deportation of these people,” a spokesperson added.
‘They’re just waiting for us to crack’

Despite the difficult situation they’ve been put in, both Barbara and Soraya hope that with their lawyer’s help they can be granted asylum in Cameroon.

“I’ve heard there are human rights issues here,” Barbara said. “But if I go back to my country, I know what will happen – I have no choice.”

“Here, we wake up and each day is like the day before it,” Soraya said. “We have to beg for everything – they’re just waiting for us to crack and agree to go home. But most of us can’t go home. That’s true for me too, even though I know Cameroon isn’t any safer for me.”

In a grim irony, Soraya has been deported to a country where the laws against homosexuality are even more repressive than in her homeland. Homosexual acts are punishable by up to five years in prison in Cameroon, compared with three years in Ghana.

Among the first deportees sent to Cameroon, two other women – both from Morocco – were like Soraya and granted protection measures in the US due to their sexual orientation. Both women decided to return to their home country despite the risks, choosing to live in hiding rather than remain locked up in a strange land.

Gisèle, another deportee in the centre who fled the fighting between the DR Congo and Rwanda, has abandoned her plans to seek asylum in Cameroon for health reasons. Suffering from a thyroid condition, she has never been able to obtain her medication at the centre in Yaoundé, despite her repeated requests.

Worried that her health would only get worse, she finally agreed to be sent back to the DR Congo after five months behind the centre’s walls.

*Names have been changed at the interviewees’ request.

This article has been adapted from the original in French by Paul Millar.



The Deportation Project: our full coverage

Deported to Africa: An international investigation into Trump’s migrant policy

‘Waiting for us to crack’: In Cameroon, the victims of Trump’s deportations face uncertain fates

Interactive map: Third-country removals - Trump’s deportation policy by the numbers

Scrollytelling: Flight to Ghana - Expelled From the US to a Country They’d Never Been to (coming soon)

‘I had never heard of Eswatini’: Deported to a country that rejects them (coming soon)





'Banking on a national brand': Bolsonaro sons Carlos, Jair Renan run for power in Brazil's south

Report from Santa Catarina, Brazil – Flavio Bolsonaro is not the only member of his family campaigning in his father’s shadow. The former president's eldest son, who is now polling neck and neck with incumbent President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, can count on two of his brothers, who are standing in the senatorial and legislative elections. In Santa Catarina, one of Brazil’s most pro-Bolsonaro southern states, their surname alone is enough to secure victory.


ON THE GROUND
Issued on: 21/09/2026 -
FRANCE24
By: Fanny LOTHAIRE

Former president Jair Bolsonaro, centre, waves to the crowd alongside his sons Jair Renan Bolsonaro (left) and Carlos Bolsonaro (second right), during a demonstration against his trial at the Court of Justice of the Republic, São Paulo, Sunday, June 29, 2025. © Ettore Chiereguini, AP


They waited for them for hours in the rain and cold of this seemingly endless winter in Joinville, Santa Catarina state. In this exhibition centre that once hosted the country’s largest arms fair before falling victim to its own success and being moved to São Paulo, the campaigners can hardly believe their eyes.

On this particular day, it must be said that the Bolsonaro family’s supporters are spoiled with choice: there are not one, but two Bolsonaros onstage. The eldest son, Flavio – nominated by his father Jair as the Liberal Party’s candidate for the presidential election – is accompanied by his brother, Carlos, 43 years old, who is standing for the Senate. “Why is your state exemplary? Because it has never been ruled by the Workers’ Party!” chants Flavio, rallying the crowd to vote for his younger brother, who is trying his luck in a senate run for the first time in this southern region.

A low-key ‘number 3’


A Rio de Janeiro city councillor for over 20 years, Carlos – known as "Number 3" – is a true Carioca who has parachuted into Santa Catarina. Regularly mocked for his exaggerated "ch" sounds typical of the capital city, he moved to the south just a few months ago – drawn by “the honesty of its hard-working, conservative people”, as he regularly asserts at rallies – and is standing for a senate seat that would be far harder to secure in the tourist capital, where the political landscape is far too competitive.

That day in Joinville, Carlos Bolsonaro’s running mate Carol de Toni drew on his experience as as a city councillor. "He helped run a city like Rio, so for our far safer and less chaotic state, it is a godsend! ... We are a hard-working, conservative people who uphold the values that Jair Bolsonaro stood for." It was as if the aura of his father – sentenced to 27 years in prison for attempting a coup and barred from taking part in the campaign – were projected into the son’s body.

Cover image: © France 24
01:38



“I’m very religious; I wouldn’t go as far as to say it’s a bit like the Holy Spirit, but there’s a bit of that to it. Jair Bolsonaro is a hero to us all. So if he can be a little bit with us through his sons, what a chance!” says de Toni. Indeed, the portrait of the former president, like a talisman, takes pride of place at every campaign stop.

Behind Flavio, Carlos takes a back seat. Even in his older brother’s absence, his media appearances are few. At campaign headquarters, they point out that “the Bolsonaro candidates’ schedules are not disclosed for security reasons”.

For Felipe Pereira, a journalist with the regional UOL outlet, this is above all a campaign strategy: “Staying silent in the face of the national media and pouring everything out on their social media is an explicit request from Jair Bolsonaro.” Carlos's arena is therefore not the campaign stage, but the telephone.

Although considered less charismatic than his father or two elder brothers, he speaks directly to supporters over the phone, bypassing the mainstream media and fostering a relationship of mistrust towards institutions among the Bolsonarist grassroots.


The south? A strategic choice

In Santa Catarina, where nearly 70 percent voted for Jair Bolsonaro in the 2022 presidential elections, this approach has found a loyal following. Messages circulate in family and work WhatsApp groups. A TikTok video criticising Lula, the Supreme Court or the government’s environmental policies can be shared within minutes.

Joao Feres, a political scientist specialising in Bolsonarism at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, explains why this shift towards the south is strategic: “The family is banking on a national brand: these are candidates with no real local roots, who rely on the Bolsonaro name to compensate for their lack of connection to the region.”

The campaign is organised less around a programme than around a carefully chosen political community: a conservative south made up of large agricultural estates which identifies with the flag, belief in God, the values of hard work and entrepreneurship – and above all, viscerally rejects left-wing social policies.

Cover image: © France 24
02:06



Jair Renan, the youngest son in the running

Balneário Camboriú, nicknamed the "Brazilian Dubai", is an hour’s drive from the capital of Santa Catarina. The seaside resort, home to the tallest skyscrapers in Latin America, thrives mainly on money from agribusiness. It's an audience that has already been won over to the cause of Jair the father. Jair, the son, therefore feels right at home.

Having come to study law at the Avantis University Centre, Jair Renan Bolsonaro, the youngest of the siblings, was baptised at the Evangelical church there and then elected as a councillor with a record number of votes three years ago. His niche? Speaking to young people.

At his campaign headquarters dotted with photos of both father and son, supporters even joke about their physical resemblance and insist that he is “the best candidate in the state, a promising young man” who “keeps his father’s legacy alive, now that his father is no longer allowed to speak out”.

Yet Jair Renan rarely takes the floor at council meetings, and when he speaks on social media, his tone and rhetoric seem scripted. Last April, he delivered a rambling speech on Brazil's military dictatorship, referring to older elected representatives for whom "it was Brazil’s golden age".


Can Bolsonarism survive Jair Bolsonaro?


Opposite the party headquarters, barber Eduardo Souza has had requests for "Renan-style haircuts". He says this with a smile, but it quickly turns into a grimace. "He can ride on the coat-tails of his father’s surname and even his first name, but he is the only one who could really save our country from the communist Lula."


Cover image: Jan Onoszko REUTERS - Alexandre Meneghini
01:33



This is line with Feres's analysis. “Moderating one’s stance dilutes the brand; radicalising it preserves it, but limits the electoral ceiling.” He urges caution regarding the idea of an automatic legacy: “Jair Bolsonaro’s political capital is not passed on by inheritance,” he argues. Jair Bolsonaro's sons bear the family name and, with it, “access to an established electorate”, but none of them has yet established “a leadership of their own that can stand on its own, without reference to their father”.

Behind the flags and slogans, one question is beginning to take centre stage: can Bolsonarism survive Jair Bolsonaro, without remaining trapped in his shadow?

Monday, September 21, 2026

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Saudi Arabia left without US help against Houthis



Issued on: 21/09/2026 -
FRANCE24


Saudi Arabia is weighing Washington’s refusal to help fend off Houthi attacks after Riyadh requested US assistance, despite the two countries being longstanding allies and President Donald Trump and his family maintaining close personal ties with Saudi leaders. France 24 International affairs commentator Douglas Herbert shares further details on this alliance.