Tuesday, September 29, 2026

 

AI can help correct medical misinformation — when it uses the right tone



Washington State University






PULLMAN, Wash. — At a time of rampant medical misinformation online, artificial intelligence can do a good job of correcting falsehoods, but the tone of the correction is key, according to new research led by Washington State University.

For people who view AI strictly as a technical tool, corrections to social media posts offered in a neutral, just-the-facts tone are most persuasive. For those who believe AI can be humanlike, an empathetic, understanding tone is best.

In fact, according to the findings published in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, tone was more important than the source of the correction itself.

“In multiple studies, our team has found that corrections could work most times, but the tone of the correction is important,” said Porismita Borah, professor in WSU’s Edward R. Murrow College of Communications and corresponding author of the new publication. “In this study, it did not necessarily matter whether the correction came from a human being or an AI agent. What mattered was the tone and how the tone aligned with people's beliefs about whether AI agents should be more humanlike or more machinelike.”

The findings suggest that social media platforms, government agencies, news organizations and others could target AI fact-checking agents toward a user’s level of anthropomorphism — the tendency to assign human characteristics to animals, machines and other non-human entities. They could design a simple onboarding step for users of platforms or accounts to assess their anthropomorphic tendencies and adjust the AI’s conversational tone accordingly, the authors said.

Borah’s co-authors were Ziyao Zhang, a PhD student at WSU; Xiaohui Cao, a PhD student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and Danielle Ka Lai Lee, an assistant professor at Hong Kong Shue Yan University.

It takes more than facts to persuade someone that a claim is incorrect. People may feel challenged or insulted and react defensively when corrected. They may question or doubt the source of the correction. As social media has proliferated, fueling the spread of dubious health claims, researchers have increasingly sought to better understand how to effectively combat misinformation.

Borah has been studying the subject for a decade. Her current publication advances the understanding of how empathy plays a role in corrections. Other researchers have come to conflicting conclusions about whether an empathetic tone in correction messages is effective in decreasing misperceptions.

Borah’s team added another layer to the question, testing the effectiveness of tone against the expectations and beliefs of the person being corrected. They conducted a randomized online experiment with 857 parents of children in the age range recommended to receive the vaccine for the human papillomavirus, or HPV.

The virus is spread through sexual contact and can cause a variety of health problems, including cancers. The HPV vaccine is considered safe and effective, but has been the subject of widespread misinformation.

Survey participants were evaluated for their level of anthropomorphism belief, then shown a simulated Facebook comment thread that began with a false claim: “HPV vaccines increase the risk of neurological problems.” An AI corrections account engaged with the claim in the comment thread.

The neutral answers used direct, plain language: “That’s not true. Scientific studies have shown no link between HPV vaccines and any of those scary neurological conditions.”

The empathetic tone was warmer, such as: “I hear you, but scientific studied have shown….”

The correction was most effective at reducing misperceptions when the tone matched a respondents’ anthropomorphism beliefs.

The findings add to the growing understanding of the complexity of persuasion and correcting misinformation.

“The problem of misinformation is critical, and it’s not going away,” Borah said. “The effectiveness of corrections depends on a lot of factors —for example the way you talk to someone when providing accurate information — an empathetic tone may often work better than a condescending one. Race, gender, and other factors also matter.  We’re ultimately trying to study humans — and humans are remarkably complex.”

Artificial intelligence model predicts pancreatic cancer risk 3 years before diagnosis



Mayo Clinic researchers found the model reliably separated at-risk from low-risk individuals using routine health records, in findings to be presented at the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress 2026




American College of Surgeons




Key Takeaways 

  • Pancreatic cancer is relatively rare on a population level but highly fatal because it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. 

  • An artificial intelligence model that drew on comprehensive health data from nearly 40,000 patients aimed at identifying subtle clues of pancreatic cancer early. 

  • The model showed a high accuracy to distinguish between people at risk for pancreatic cancer and those with low risk up to three years before diagnosis. 

  • These findings will be presented at the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress 2026 in Washington, Sept. 26-29. 


WASHINGTON (September 25, 2026) — Researchers at Mayo Clinic have designed an artificial intelligence model that can potentially predict an individual’s risk of developing pancreatic cancer years before diagnosis.  

The research will be presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2026 in Washington, Sept. 26-29, where thousands of surgeons will convene to advance surgical quality, patient safety, and access to care. 

Pancreatic cancer is relatively rare but highly deadly, with about 67,000 new diagnoses and 52,000 deaths in 2026, according to the American Cancer Society. Its share of cancer deaths is outsized: pancreatic cancer accounts for about 3% of all new cancers but 8% of all cancer deaths. 

“Pancreatic cancer can be curable, but only when we catch it early — and fewer than one in five patients is diagnosed in time,” said study co-author Cornelius Thiels, DO, MBA, FACS, a surgical oncologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. “As a result, survival for many patients is still measured in months, not years.” 

Unfortunately, universal screening for pancreatic cancer isn’t feasible, Dr. Thiels said, so his team set out to develop an AI model that can identify patients at greatest risk of developing cancer of the pancreas.   

“We know that pancreatic cancer forms over five to seven years, but the things that a clinician or patient sees don’t happen until it’s too late,” he said. 

The model Dr. Thiels, lead study author Chris Varghese, MBChB, and their team developed used individual patients’ longitudinal health history — essentially the detailed, comprehensive patient information in a patient’s electronic health record to get a full picture of a patient’s health over time — from the Mayo Clinic system. The model combined that data with results of routine laboratory tests obtained over an average of a decade or more.  

The study dataset included 6,066 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 33,396 controls with 7.5 to 19 years of clinical histories. The goal was to identify subtle clues that could point to a risk of pancreatic cancer early on, Dr. Thiels said.  

To test the model’s effectiveness at predicting pancreatic cancer three years prior to diagnosis, the researchers calculated area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve to distinguish between people at risk for pancreatic cancer and those with low risk. The AUROC was 0.853, on a scale where 1.0 would represent perfect discrimination and 0.5 would be no better than chance. The model also showed a strong ability to identify patients truly at risk while limiting false positives, with an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.712.  

The study also showed the model was well calibrated on the calibration curve, a measure of how closely a model’s predicted risk matches what actually happens, with a calibration plot slope of 1.08. “Our model showed that a greater than 50% risk of pancreas cancer predicted by our model indicated an 88% likelihood of being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in one year,” said Dr. Varghese, a surgical data scientist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester. 

“We built this to be as generalizable, scalable, and easy to put into practice as possible,” Dr. Varghese added. The data inputs the model relies on are captured almost universally in hospital systems worldwide, Dr. Varghese said. “If it’s shown to work, it could be used in almost any setting,” he added. 

The researchers are deploying the model on a research basis, Dr. Thiels said. “We’re proving that we can move this from a retrospective research tool into our clinical environment and run it prospectively for validation,” he said. 

They are also working to further validate the model within Mayo prospectively and, this year, at a non-Mayo system, Dr. Thiels said. “We are also working on developing more advanced machine learning architectures, which appear to improve the performance even more,” he added. 

Study co-authors with Dr. Thiels and Dr. Varghese are Leo Yan Li-Han, PhD; Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab, MD; Richa Bisht, MD; Ajit H. Goenka, MD; John D. Halamka, MD, MS; Ellen L. Larson, MD; Frank G. Lee, MD; Michael L. Kendrick, MD, FACS; Shounak Majumder, MD; Hojjat Salehinejad, PhD; and Mark J. Truty, MD, MS. 

Disclosures: Authors have no disclosures to report.  

Citation: Varghese C, et al. Enabling Digital Screening for Pancreatic Cancer using Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Disease Trajectories. Scientific Forum, American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2026.  

Note: Research abstracts presented at the ACS Clinical Congress Scientific Forum are reviewed and selected by a program committee but are not yet peer reviewed. 

# # # 

About the American College of Surgeons 

The American College of Surgeons is a scientific and educational organization of surgeons that was founded in 1913 to raise the standards of surgical practice and improve the quality of care for all surgical patients. The College is dedicated to the ethical and competent practice of surgery. Its achievements have significantly influenced the course of scientific surgery in America and have established it as an important advocate for all surgical patients. The College has approximately 95,000 members and is the largest organization of surgeons in the world. "FACS" designates that a surgeon is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. 

Follow the ACS on social media: X | Instagram | YouTube | LinkedIn | Facebook 

 

 

Generative AI for Retail Innovation



Reshaping the Shopping Experience: New Book Explores How Generative AI Is Transforming Retail




Bentham Science Publishers





Generative AI for Retail Innovation

Reshaping the Shopping Experience: New Book Explores How Generative AI Is Transforming Retail

Bentham Books announces the release of Generative AI for Retail Innovation, a timely reference exploring how emerging AI technologies are reshaping retail through smarter decision-making, personalized customer experiences and sustainable business growth.

About the Book

As generative AI reshapes industries at breakneck speed, retail stands out as one of the sectors most ripe for transformation. This book examines the application of generative AI across retail functions marketing, customer engagement, merchandising, pricing, inventory management, supply chain operations, omnichannel retailing and strategic innovation. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of how retailers can leverage AI-driven capabilities to create value, enhance competitiveness and meet evolving consumer expectations in a rapidly changing digital environment.

Organized into fourteen chapters, the book covers foundational concepts, theoretical perspectives, practical applications, industry case studies and future trends in AI-enabled retailing. Topics include AI-powered personalization, conversational commerce, recommendation systems, virtual shopping assistants, demand forecasting, intelligent supply chains, retail analytics, ethical and responsible AI adoption, sustainability, customer experience management and emerging innovations in smart commerce. Contributions from scholars and practitioners provide both academic rigor and real-world insight, offering a balanced perspective on the opportunities and challenges of implementing generative AI in retail.

Key Features

  • Interdisciplinary perspectives on AI applications in retail
  • Contemporary case studies, practical frameworks, evidence-based research findings and strategic recommendations for leveraging AI in retail environments
  • Structured content integrating theory and practice while highlighting future directions for research and innovation
  • References in every chapter

Readership

Primary: Researchers, academicians, doctoral scholars and postgraduate students in marketing, retail management, business analytics, information systems and artificial intelligence.

Secondary: Retail managers, business leaders, consultants, entrepreneurs, technology professionals, policymakers and industry practitioners seeking to understand and implement AI-driven retail innovations.

About the Editors

Nupur Arora, School of Business Studies, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies–TC, New Delhi, India.

Aanchal Aggarwal, School of Business Studies, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies–TC, New Delhi, India.

Parul Manchanda, Department of Management Studies, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India.

Rohit Bansal, Department of Management, Rockford College, Sydney, Australia.

Ramakrishna Yanamandra, School of Business, Horizon University College, Ajman, UAE.

Book Link: https://bit.ly/4yfl4qn

DOI: 10.2174/97988988175651260101

 

  

AI and urban design for health: Are large language models ethical advisers?



World-first study finds AI advice avoids obvious harm but is less consistent on community participation and human oversight




Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

AI Advice for Healthier Urban Environments

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ChatGPT-generated urban design advice avoided clear harm but showed gaps in community participation and transparent human oversight.

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Credit: faberdasher from Openverse | Image Source Link: https://openverse.org/image/6e1be61d-ab06-4d3c-89ea-2d8e22f7d27f?q=architect+designing+on+laptop&p=2






Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to generate text-based advice across urban design, planning, and public health. In urban design, they can recommend changes to transportation infrastructure, land use, walkability, pedestrian environments, and greenspaces to support health. However, because these outputs can resemble expert advice, questions remain about whether they meet ethical expectations, including avoiding harm, treating neighborhoods fairly, involving communities, and recognizing human oversight.

Addressing this challenge, a research team led by Associate Professor Mohammad Javad Koohsari of the Urban Design Science for Health Laboratory at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan, and Professor Koichiro Oka of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan, examined the ethical properties of LLM-generated advice for modifying built environments to support human health. The researchers evaluated ChatGPT responses under different health pathways, neighborhood income contexts, and budget conditions. Their findings were made available online on August 10, 2026, and will be published in Volume 27 of the journal Developments in the Built Environment on October 01, 2026.

The team considered six health-related pathways: physical activity, dietary intake, social interaction, air pollution, traffic safety and crime, and noise. They created 18 prompts, with 12 covering higher-income and lower-income neighborhoods and six describing mixed-income neighborhoods under a budget constraint. Each prompt was run 10 times, producing 180 responses. The answers were assessed against four ethical criteria: non-maleficence, distributive justice, collective participation, and transparent oversight. Two co-authors independently coded all responses.

The results showed that non-maleficence was satisfied in all 180 answers, indicating that the model did not clearly recommend harmful or unsafe built environment changes. Distributive justice was satisfied in 110 of 120 evaluable units (91.7%), suggesting that lower-income contexts were rarely given weaker proposals. However, procedural criteria were met less consistently. Collective participation appeared in 109 of 180 answers (60.6%), while transparent oversight appeared in 136 of 180 answers (75.6%).

The differences were particularly clear in the mixed-income prompts that included a budget constraint. In the mixed-income, budget-constrained prompts, collective participation was present in 21 of 60 answers (35.0%), while transparent oversight appeared in 28 of 60 answers (46.7%). By comparison, these criteria were present in 73.3% and 90.0% of answers, respectively, in the non-budget-constrained prompt set. “Our findings show that ethical urban design for health depends not only on what physical changes are proposed, but also on how decisions are made, who is involved, and how uncertainty and human oversight are addressed,” Dr. Koohsari said.

These findings suggest that LLM-generated advice may reproduce some baseline ethical conventions in urban design, particularly harm avoidance and minimum distributive fairness, but may be less reliable on procedural concerns. LLMs could serve as an initial input for urban designers, planners, and public health professionals when considering health-supportive changes to streets, public spaces, transportation infrastructure, land use, and greenspaces. However, such outputs should not replace professional judgment or community participation, particularly when limited budgets require prioritization.

Overall, to the researchers' knowledge, this is the first study worldwide to examine the ethical properties of LLM-generated advice for urban design and health. The findings highlight the need to evaluate future tools not only by their design recommendations but also by whether they avoid harm, treat disadvantaged neighborhoods fairly, support community participation, and recognize human oversight. “With appropriate safeguards, LLMs could support more health-informed urban design while ensuring that important decisions remain grounded in professional expertise, community participation, and institutional processes,” Dr. Koohsari concludes.

***

Reference

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2026.101007
Authors: Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Becky P.Y. Loo, Jing Zhao, Jiuling Li, Ying Long, Yi Lu, Koichiro Oka, and Andrew T. Kaczynski

About Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Founded in 1990 in Ishikawa prefecture, the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) was the first independent national graduate university that has its own campus in Japan. Now, after 30 years of steady progress, JAIST has become one of Japan’s top-ranking universities. JAIST strives to foster capable leaders with a state-of-the-art education system where diversity is key; about 40% of its alumni are international students. The university has a unique style of graduate education based on a carefully designed coursework-oriented curriculum to ensure that its students have a solid foundation on which to carry out cutting-edge research. JAIST also works closely both with local and overseas communities by promoting industry–academia collaborative research.  

Website: https://www.jaist.ac.jp/english/

About Associate Professor Mohammad Javad Koohsari from Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Dr. Mohammad Javad Koohsari is an Associate Professor and founder of the Urban Design Science for Health Laboratory at JAIST, Japan. He holds two PhDs in Urban Design and Health and Sport Sciences. He is also a Visiting Researcher at Waseda University, Japan and an Academic Affiliate at the Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina. His research examines how urban spatial structure affects population health in the Asia–Pacific region using spatial analysis, epidemiological modelling, and AI. Recognized among the world’s top 2% most influential scientists, he has authored over 150 peer-reviewed publications and received 8,481 citations.

Funding information
N/A

Can AI help bridge the public health gap?



Ateneo researchers investigate cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted chest radiograph interpretation in isolated and disadvantaged FIlipino communities




Ateneo de Manila University

Putting AI to bear on the public health gap in the Philippines

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An AI-assisted chest x-ray highlighting areas for further review. Ateneo medical experts are looking into whether new imaging technologies could offer a cost-effective approach to TB screening for patients. The findings have significant implications on broader public healthcare delivery, particularly with regard to the accessibility and cost-efficiency of similar AI-assisted healthcare solutions.

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Credit: Chiu et al., 2026






In the Philippines, public healthcare remains inaccessible to many due to a variety of factors, including the high cost and limited availability of medical experts.

A new study by Ateneo researchers explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can help address this gap by looking at the cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted chest radiograph (X-ray) interpretation.

This is particularly vital for people with tuberculosis (TB), as finding the disease early can mean receiving the care they need before it becomes severe and causes irreversible damage. According to the World Health Organization, in 2024 alone an estimated 739,000 people in the Philippines developed tuberculosis, accounting for 6.8% of the 10.8 million TB cases worldwide. 

As with most other diseases, early detection is essential. In geographically isolated or disadvantaged communities and rural health units, even if a patient is lucky enough to have an X-ray taken, waiting for a radiologist or teleradiology services to interpret it may take a long time. For some, that wait can mean another trip to a health facility, additional expenses, time away from work, or a missed opportunity for continued care.

Dr. Harold Chiu, Dr. Bryan Lao, and Dr. Gloanne Adolor developed a decision-analytic model based on a theoretical annual cohort of 1,000 presumptive TB patients undergoing chest radiography in rural health units. The analysis considered costs and outcomes over five years, including AI software and operating expenses, radiologist reading fees, and confirmatory GeneXpert testing.

Based on the study’s model-based projections, the AI-assisted strategy would entail an estimated annual cost of Php 877,330, compared with Php 1.14 million for manual interpretation. Divided across the 1,000 individuals screened, this translated to about Php 877 per person with AI-assisted interpretation, versus about Php 1,142 per person using manual interpretation. The use of AI promised to be economical.

Accessibility beyond efficiency

But the researchers suggest that the significance of AI goes beyond its capability to read an X-ray efficiently.

“For resource-constrained communities, the most important question is therefore not whether AI can outperform or assist an expert reader, but whether it can extend expert-level support to places where expertise is scarce in a way that is affordable, sustainable, and equitable,” the researchers said.

The researchers note that, if properly integrated into existing TB programs through portable digital X-rays and systems that can operate with limited connectivity, AI could help bring TB screening closer to underserved communities. 

The goal, they emphasize, should not be to introduce another high-tech tool into healthcare, but to narrow existing geographic disparities.

Importance of local conditions

However, the findings also highlight the importance of local conditions. When a lower manual or teleradiology reading fee was used, or when diagnostic performance estimates from a Philippine scenario were applied, AI remained more effective but was no longer necessarily cost-saving.

The study is based on a theoretical cohort and assumptions about costs and diagnostic accuracy, while AI-assisted findings would still require confirmatory testing. Rather than immediate nationwide adoption, the researchers recommend starting with targeted pilot implementation in underserved rural health units, alongside local validation, quality assurance, monitoring, and budget assessment.

For a country that carries a significant share of the world’s tuberculosis burden and struggles to provide universal healthcare to its citizens, the question may ultimately be less about bringing the newest technology into healthcare and more about where that technology can help deliver expertise to meet the realities of people with the least access to it. — Danika Geronimo, Ateneo Research Communications

 

SOURCE: https://archium.ateneo.edu/gsb-pubs/87/ 

Harold Henrison Chiu, Bryan Christopher Lao, and Gloanne C. Adolor published their research, Cost-effectiveness evaluation of artificial intelligence-assisted chest radiograph interpretation for tuberculosis screening in rural health units in the Philippines, in the August 2026 issue of the BMC Health Services Research journal.

For interview requests and other information about the research, please contact Dr. Bryan Lao at bryan.christopher.lao@student.ateneo.edu and/or Dr. Harold Henrison Chiu at harold.henrison.chiu@student.ateneo.edu. 

For other inquiries and concerns, please email media.research@ateneo.edu. Visit archium.ateneo.edu for more information about our latest research and innovations