New chemistry can extract virgin-grade materials from wind turbine blades in one process
Danish researchers have developed a chemical process that can disassemble the epoxy composite of wind turbine blades – and simultaneously extract intact glass fibres as well as one of the epoxy resin's original building blocks in a high quality.
Peer-Reviewed PublicationIMAGE: RECOVERY OF BPA AND FIBRES FROM COMMERCIAL EPOXY COMPOSITES USING RU CATALYSIS view more
CREDIT: ALEXANDER AHRENS, AARHUS UNIVERSITY
The new chemical process is not limited to wind turbine blades but works on many different so-called fibre-reinforced epoxy composites, including some materials that are reinforced with especially costly carbon fibres.
Thus, the process can contribute to establishing a potential circular economy in the wind turbine, aerospace, automotive and space industries, where these reinforced composites, due to their light weight and long durability, are used for load-bearing structures.
Being designed to last, the durability of the blades poses an environmental challenge. Wind turbine blades mostly end up at waste landfills when they are decommissioned, because they are extremely difficult to break down.
If no solution is found, we will have accumulated 43 million tonnes of wind turbine blade waste globally by 2050.
The newly discovered process is a proof-of-concept of a recycling strategy that can be applied to the vast majority of both existing wind turbine blades and those presently in production, as well as other epoxy-based materials.
The results have just been published in the leading scientific journal Nature, and Aarhus University, together with the Danish Technological Institute, have filed a patent application for the process.
Specifically, the researchers have shown that by using a ruthenium-based catalyst and the solvents isopropanol and toluene, they can separate the epoxy matrix and release one of the epoxy polymer's original building blocks, bisphenol A (BPA), and fully intact glass fibres in a single process.
However, the method is not immediately scalable yet, as the catalytic system is not efficient enough for industrial implementation – and ruthenium is a rare and expensive metal. Therefore, the scientists from Aarhus University are continuing their work on improving this methodology.
"Nevertheless, we see it as a significant breakthrough for the development of durable technologies that can create a circular economy for epoxy-based materials. This is the first publication of a chemical process that can selectively disassemble an epoxy composite and isolate one of the most important building blocks of the epoxy polymer as well as the glass or carbon fibres without damaging the latter in the process," says Troels Skrydstrup, one of the lead authors of the study.
Troels Skrydstrup is a professor at the Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) at Aarhus University.
The research is supported by the CETEC project (Circular Economy for Thermosets Epoxy Composites), which is a partnership between Vestas, Olin Corporation, the Danish Technological Institute and Aarhus University.
JOURNAL
Nature
METHOD OF RESEARCH
Experimental study
SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
Not applicable
ARTICLE TITLE
Catalytic disconnection of C–O bonds in epoxy resins and composites
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
26-Apr-2023
COI STATEMENT
Four of the authors are inventors on provisional patent application no. EP22156129, submitted by Aarhus University, which covers the transition-metal-catalysed disassembly of epoxy-based, fibre-reinforced, polymer composites. One is co-owner of SyTracks A/S, which commercializes CO tubes
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