Powering the nuclear comeback: Three universities form consortium to close a critical workforce gap

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

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Early morning aerial view of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville campus.

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Credit: University of Tennessee

After 20 years of flat growth, America’s demand for electricity is exploding, creating a demand for safe and scalable nuclear reactor technology. Small modular reactors and microreactors are emerging to meet that need driving a national nuclear resurgence, but there is a severe shortage of nuclear-literate engineers, managers, and policymakers.

Three powerhouse public research universities—the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UT), Arizona State University (ASU), and Purdue University—have united to respond to this in a flexible, trilateral alliance: the New Nuclear Academic Consortium. The NNAC aims to tackle the workforce shortage head-on by establishing a comprehensive regional and national ecosystem that prepares the next generation of graduates to deploy, manage and scale the new nuclear economy.

Several factors contribute to the nuclear industry workforce shortage. Much of the current workforce is approaching retirement, and many nuclear projects are in remote areas, making it difficult to attract qualified applicants. Traditional nuclear engineering programs produce specialized PhDs and design engineers, but the industry requires a breadth of professionals fluent in systems engineering, grid integration, advanced thermodynamics, supply chains, and safety regulations to execute the deployment of potentially thousands of decentralized reactors.

The three founding consortium members bring unique strengths and capabilities to the nuclear sector while also spanning three geographic regions of the United States. Each of these nationally ranked public research institutions is home to a large engineering program and contributes strong connections to and throughout the nuclear engineering industry.

In its role, UT contributes a top-ranked nuclear engineering department within the Tickle College of Engineering, bringing standalone bachelor’s, master’s, and PhD nuclear programs and seamless research integration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory. East Tennessee is also at the epicenter of the nuclear resurgence with more than 150 nuclear-related companies within 50 miles of Knoxville, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, which is moving towards construction of a small modular reactor at the Clinch River site and the Kairos Hermes 2 demonstration project.

“We are proud to be part of this unique partnership to expand access to education and training about nuclear engineering and the nuclear sector,” said Brian Wirth, TVA Department Head and UT-ORNL Governor’s Chair Professor of Computational Nuclear Engineering at UT. “While we have seen substantial growth in our on-campus student population and the establishment of a new minor in nuclear power engineering, this consortium will support the needed training requirements to grow the nuclear workforce.”

The NNAC concept originated at ASU, anchored by the university’s scale in online and technology-enabled education—including EdPlus (ASU’s digital learning division), the Decision Theater’s data driven policy modeling and Dreamscape Learn’s immersive curriculum tools. ASU’s primary initial contribution is a suite of three to five undergraduate micro-certificates, launching this year, that will equip mechanical, civil, electrical, materials and systems engineering students with nuclear fluency.

“The future of new nuclear energy is unfolding in front of us and the nation will need more graduates who are prepared to enter the nuclear industry,” said Kyle Squires, dean of ASU’s Fulton Schools of Engineering.  ”This new consortium brings together three top public universities, each with tremendous expertise and reach, to increase the number of engineers prepared to work in the new nuclear industry and create courses and microcredentials that can be accessed by engineers at any U.S. university.”

Purdue will leverage its premier nuclear engineering program and Purdue University Reactor Number One (PUR-1), the nation’s first and only U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) facility licensed for a fully digital safety and control system. Purdue’s partnership with the NRC has flourished for more than 60 years, dating back to the university’s original operating license granted in 1962 and renewed in 2016. In 1997, the NRC established the Institute of Thermal-Hydraulics at Purdue with the objective of providing broad technical expertise and performing reactor safety research for the NRC. The commission also has funded fellowships for Purdue graduate students and scholarships to undergraduates pursuing nuclear engineering degrees.

Stylianos Chatzidakis, assistant professor in Purdue’s School of Nuclear Engineering, associate reactor director and director of the Nuclear Engineering Radiation Laboratories, is one of the NNAC’s founding partners and co-authored the consortium’s launch plan.

“Through the New Nuclear Academic Consortium, we have an opportunity to combine Purdue’s unique experimental and regulatory capabilities with the complementary strengths of ASU and the UT to create a new model for nuclear education,” Chatzidakis said. “Our goal is to give students meaningful exposure to real nuclear systems and hands-on advanced digital and cyber-physical technologies, so they are prepared not just to design the next generation of reactors, but to safely deploy and operate them at scale.”

The operational lifeblood of NNAC as an academic consortium relies on direct, actionable, multi-institution alignments.

One example of a promising strategic bilateral intersection is the Purdue-ASU project to build high-fidelity, interactive digital twins of PUR-1. Purdue provides licensing skills and the reactor data, physics models and expertise used to develop its in-house digital twin model of PUR-1, while ASU contributes its own digital twin knowledge, as well as its digital scale and immersive software engines to host and distribute virtual training models. In addition to potential educational applications like making PUR-1 digitally accessible to other colleges and universities, these simulations could stand in for traditional hands-on operations, offering a path toward innovative regulatory certifications.

Once launched, the consortium plans to invite additional research universities to join over the following six to 12 months. These programs could adopt or augment consortium-built micro-certificates for their undergraduate students, pursue jointly funded research or link to PUR-1 via digital twins.

About University of Tennessee

The University of Tennessee has shaped leaders, changemakers, and innovative thinkers since its founding in 1794. UT is home to more than 41,000 students and offers over 900 programs of study across 14 degree-granting colleges and schools. As Tennessee’s flagship land-grant university, UT has a footprint that spans the entire state with the Space Institute in Tullahoma and Institute of Agriculture Extension offices in all 95 counties. The university holds the highest Carnegie classification for research activity and has deep partnerships with industry leaders and the US Department of Energy’s largest multidisciplinary laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

About Arizona State University

Arizona State University has developed a new model for the American research university, creating an institution that is committed to access, excellence and impact. ASU measures itself by those it includes, not by those it excludes. As the prototype for a New American University, ASU pursues research that contributes to the public good, and ASU assumes major responsibility for the economic, social and cultural vitality of the communities that it serves.

About Purdue University

Purdue University is a research institution ranked among the top 10 public universities in the United States. More than 106,000 students study at Purdue across multiple campuses, including more than 57,000 at our main campus locations in West Lafayette and Indianapolis. As a land-grant university committed to affordability and accessibility, Purdue’s main campus has frozen tuition 14 years in a row, enabling more students than ever to graduate debt-free.

 

Anaesthesia choice makes no difference for patient recovery after major surgery

University of Warwick

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Choice of general anaesthetic for major surgery can continue to be based on patient and clinician preference, according to the largest ever trial comparing the two main techniques used in the NHS. 

The VITAL trial, led by the University of Warwick and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundational Trust, and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), involved 2,507 patients across 49 NHS hospitals, and compared total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), delivered through a continuous infusion of the drug propofol, with the more traditional method of using volatile anaesthetic gases, such as sevoflurane or isoflurane, inhaled through a mask during surgery. The findings are published in the journal JAMA. 

Both approaches are used routinely to keep patients unconscious during the more than 1.5 million major non-cardiac operations carried out in the UK each year. Some anaesthetists have argued that TIVA offers a smoother recovery, with less sickness and pain, while others have pointed to rare risks such as a patient briefly regaining awareness during surgery. Until now, no large-scale UK trial had settled which technique, if either, was better for patients or the health service. 

Key findings 

Patients aged 50 and over undergoing major planned surgery were randomly allocated to receive either TIVA or inhalational anaesthesia for major planned operations. The results found no meaningful difference between the two groups in the number of days patients were alive and out of hospital 30 days after surgery, the trial's main measure of recovery. 

Rates of major complications, delirium and death at 30 days, 90 days and six months were also similar between the groups. However, patients who received TIVA reported lower rates of thirst, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting on the day after their operation, suggesting a modest improvement in early postoperative recovery and comfort.  

A separate economic evaluation, published in the journal Anaesthesia, found the two techniques cost the NHS a similar amount and delivered similar quality of life for patients over a six-month period.  

What this means 

Together, the two studies indicate that TIVA and inhalational anaesthesia are clinically and economically equivalent for adults having major non-cardiac surgery. The research team says this supports continuing to let clinicians choose the technique best suited to individual patients, based on factors such as patient preference, clinical expertise and what is available locally, rather than mandating a single approach across the NHS. 

Professor Joyce Yeung of Warwick Clinical Trials Unit and chief investigator of the VITAL trial, said: "For years anaesthetists have debated which technique gives patients the best start to their recovery. What our trial shows is that, for most patients having major surgery, the two methods are equally viable. That's reassuring for patients, and it means doctors can keep making that decision based on what's right for the person in front of them, not on pressure to switch to a newer or supposedly superior technique." 

The researchers note some limitations: the trial was not blinded, which could affect patient-reported outcomes such as pain and nausea; participants were all treated within the NHS, so findings may not transfer directly to other health systems; and the study did not examine longer-term cancer outcomes or the environmental impact of the different techniques, an area of growing interest given that volatile anaesthetic gases are potent greenhouse gases. 

ENDS 

Notes to Editors 

The trial was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme and coordinated by Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, part of Warwick Medical School. 

For more information please contact:  

Matt Higgs, PhD | Media & Communications Manager (Warwick Press Office) 

Email: Matt.Higgs@warwick.ac.uk | Phone: +44(0)7880 175403 

About the University of Warwick 

Founded in 1965, the University of Warwick is a world-leading institution known for its commitment to era-defining innovation across research and education. A connected ecosystem of staff, students and alumni, the University fosters transformative learning, interdisciplinary collaboration and bold industry partnerships across state-of-the-art facilities in the UK and global satellite hubs. Here, spirited thinkers push boundaries, experiment and challenge convention to create a better world. 

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Journal

JAMA

DOI

10.1001/jama.2026.11065

Method of Research

Randomized controlled/clinical trial

Subject of Research

People

Article Title

Total Intravenous vs Volatile Inhalational Anesthesia for Major Noncardiac Surgery

COI Statement

Dr Pearse reported receipt of personal fees from Mode Sensors. Dr Shelley reported receipt of personal fees from Invizius. No other disclosures were reported.

 

Black children at risk for severe form of asthma, new research shows

University of Virginia Health System

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“We hope this puts to rest the myth that environmental and social factors are the main drivers of asthma severity,” said researcher W. Gerald Teague, MD, a pediatric pulmonologist and asthma expert at UVA Health Children’s and the University of Virginia School of Medicine. 

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Credit: UVA Health Children's

New UVA Health Children’s asthma research could improve care for children – especially Black children – with severe symptoms that require targeted treatment.

A team of UVA asthma experts found that Black race and ethnicity was the single strongest risk factor for developing harmful inflammation responsible for “T2-high asthma.” Children with this type of asthma tend to suffer from frequent asthma attacks and often have difficult-to-manage symptoms.

The new findings could help identify children with the condition and get them tailored treatments sooner. The results also support testing children with severe, difficult-to-treat asthma – regardless of their race – for high levels of T2 inflammation, the UVA experts say.

“For decades we knew that Black children had more adverse outcomes from asthma across the U.S. Most of the research attributed this to environmental and social disparities. We learned instead in a study that was adjusted for air quality, income and urban residence that Black race by far was the most important predictor of type 2 pattern inflammation,” said researcher W. Gerald Teague, MD, a pediatric pulmonologist and asthma expert at UVA Health Children’s and the University of Virginia School of Medicine. “The results support greater awareness of poor symptom control and earlier intervention with therapies known to target type 2 inflammation in all children with asthma, with special attention to children of color.”

Harmful Asthma Inflammation

Black children are much more likely to die of asthma than white children, and they are known to suffer T2 inflammation at higher rates. But doctors have struggled to determine if race drives this disparity, or if there are other factors, such as environmental pollution or family income, that could be contributing.

This prompted the UVA researchers to investigate the factors that influence T2 inflammation. They looked at more than 450 children with either T2-high asthma and T2-low asthma. These children came from a broad geographic area of Virginia that includes both rural and urban areas, helping the researchers assess how much of a role environment might play.

The scientists determined that race was the No. 1 predictor of high levels of T2 inflammation. Based on their subsequent analysis, the researchers say they are confident that race and ethnicity are contributing to a child’s chances of developing T2-high asthma. 

The research team also looked at the development of T2-high asthma over time and found interesting correlations with age. By preschool, more than a third had developed T2-high asthma, climbing to more than half by kindergarten.

This has important implications for the care doctors provide children with difficult-to-treat asthma, the UVA experts say. First, they recommend that physicians consider Black children at elevated risk for T2-high asthma. Second, they suggest blood and allergen testing for any child with asthma symptoms that are difficult to manage.

By understanding if T2 inflammation is driving asthma, doctors will be better positioned to tailor treatments to improve outcomes and help children live happy, healthy lives.

“We hope this puts to rest the myth that environmental and social factors are the main drivers of asthma severity,” said Teague, of UVA’s Pediatric Asthma Center of Excellence. “The real emphasis for providers is to consider every child with asthma as unique, and to implement care plans that target the pattern of inflammation and integrate treatment with lifestyle and family expectations.”

Finding ways to improve care for children across Virginia and beyond are core missions of both UVA Health Children’s and UVA’s new Paul and Diane Manning Institute of Biotechnology. The Manning Institute has been launched to accelerate the development of new drugs and cures for the most complex and challenging diseases; this is complemented by a statewide clinical trials network that expands access to potential new treatments as they are developed and tested.

Findings Published

The UVA asthma researchers have published their findings in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. The research team consisted of Teague, Ava Noth, Marina Lynch, Aaron J. Stein, Ahsen Asikar Morgul, Thomas Offerle, Kristin Wavell, Kathrine Baldwin, Brittany Wall, Hailey C. Cox, Mackenzie Elward, Michael Trask, Marthajoy Spano, Elaine Etter, Benjamin Aunins, William T. Brand, Ariana G. Greenwell, Denise L. Jackson, Stephen V. Early, Jeremy Middleton, Craig McKinney, Cameron D. Griffith and Larry Borish.

The researchers have no financial interest in the work.

To keep up with the latest medical research news from UVA and the Manning Institute, bookmark the Making of Medicine blog at https://www.uvahealth.com/making-of-medicine.

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Journal

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

DOI

10.1016/j.jaip.2026.07.042 

What can virtual reality teach us about nature’s restorative health benefits?

Well-curated spaces with natural elements can create an ‘aroused fascination,’ says Drexel study in partnership with Longwood Gardens

Drexel University

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Some of nature’s healthful benefits might be possible through well-curated ornamental spaces, suggests a brain activity study recently published in the October issue of Building and Environment from researchers at Drexel’s Nick Howley College of Engineering and Computing. The findings, which reveal new insights into how humans experience nature, may lead to scalable, evidence-based ways to design spaces to produce restorative benefits, which could be especially helpful for those who do not have convenient access to plants outdoors.

In the study, 32 adults experienced five immersive, 360-degree virtual reality experiences developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens and inspired by real settings available at the 1,100-acre horticultural destination in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.

Nick Jushchyshyn, an associate professor and program director in the Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design, and his team in the College’s Digital Media program created the VR environments: a non-horticultural control (an indoor office-like room with no natural elements), ornamental gardens (modeled after Longwood’s highly curated Italian Water Garden and Main Conservatory) and natural landscapes (Inspired by Longwood’s Forest Walk and Meadow Garden, which feature relatively minimal human management).

Participants spent six minutes exploring the sights and sounds of each site. While they navigated the virtual environments, their brain and body responses were recorded through and array of sensors.

A functional near-infrared spectroscopy, or fNIRS, sensor worn on the forehead that tracked changes in blood oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex. A wristband sensor recorded heart rate, heart rate variability and electrodermal activity — the small changes in skin conductance that reflect nervous system arousal. Together, the data collected by the sensors gave insight into how hard the brain is working in each setting, as well as the level of alertness or engagement a person may be experiencing.

Participants were also surveyed after each VR experience, to assess their appreciation of the beauty within the activity and whether they felt restorative effects.

“Our study shows that these curated green spaces evoke distinct physiological responses and not a simple positive or negative one,” said senior author Hasan Ayaz, PhD, a professor in the Howley College of Engineering and Computing’s School of Biomedical Engineering and Science. “Researchers and developers need to consider many aspects of brain responses to really understand how humans process exposures to natural elements.”

Most notably, the authors highlighted the responses to the ornamental gardens. The fNIRS sensor data showed that the gardens reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex to nearly the same degree as the natural landscapes, a brain activity pattern associated with restoration.

At the same time, the wristband sensor recorded higher electrodermal activity (small changes in skin sweat) among participants viewing the gardens by comparison to the office setting, indicating heightened physiological arousal. That combination of a “quieter” brain and a more alert body occurred even though participants rated the gardens as restorative.

“The ornamental condition was not simply a mid-point between the other two experiences, but a style worth understanding in its own right, particularly for developers, planners and researchers,” said Ayaz. “We found that these ornamental, curated spaces can quiet the mind almost on par with relatively untouched nature, while also providing the benefit of elevated bodily activation, a condition we refer to as an ‘aroused fascination.’”

The team hopes the findings can be used to develop real-world and virtual ornamental spaces that incorporate elements of nature and built environments to be restorative for the brain and body while also being engaging.

“We expected the gardens to fall somewhere between the plain indoor room and the wild landscapes, but that isn’t what the body showed,” said lead author Kevin L. Ramirez-Chavez, a doctoral researcher in Ayaz’s lab. “The ornamental gardens calmed the brain much like the natural scenes did, yet at the same time they put the body on higher alert. That combination showed us that we were looking at a distinct kind of environment, not just a midpoint on a scale from built to natural. By mapping these distinct responses, this work lays the groundwork for eventually designing targeted VR breaks that could help relieve cognitive fatigue among people stuck in windowless spaces.”

As the team expected, the plain office environment was associated with higher activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region linked to internally focused, self-referential thinking. The authors suggest this may reflect the brain turning inward when there is little in the surroundings to engage with. The natural setting was rated as the most restorative, and sensors showed it was less taxing on the brain and nervous system than the office setting.

The health benefits from exposure to nature are well-documented, yet humans are not spending much time there, including less than 10% of their time outdoors, according to the National Human Activity Pattern Survey and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. This “nature deficit,” has been linked to affective disorders, chronic stress and attentional fatigue. Studies have cited many reasons for humans’ lack of activity in nature, including resources and climate change, but one of the most often cited is increasing use of technology.

The Drexel study did not capture every element of nature, such as smell, airflow and temperature, which may limit how broadly the findings apply. The authors say future studies that incorporate tasks to measure brain performance and attention, and different environmental properties, such as layout and complexity, would help pinpoint what drives brain and nervous system responses.

The study brought together experts from across Drexel, including the School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, LeBow College of Business, and Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design.

In addition to Ayaz, Jushchyshyn and Ramirez-Chavez, Adrian Curtin, Felix Maldonado Osorio, and Rajneesh Suri, all from Drexel University, also contributed. Ayaz has a relationship with fNIR Devices, LLC that includes equity.

Read the full paper here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132326008085

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Journal

Building and Environment

DOI

10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.115004

Method of Research

Observational study

Article Title

Distinct prefrontal, autonomic, and subjective responses to built, ornamental, and natural virtual environments

Article Publication Date

1-Oct-2026

COI Statement

Hasan Ayaz reports a relationship with fNIR Devices, LLC that includes equity.

 

Building better solar tech, a crystal at a time

Princeton University, Engineering School

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Dane deQuilettes and an international team of researchers have found a way to mitigate microscopic defects in perovskites, manufactured crystals that are used in solar cells. Photo by Tori Repp/Fotobuddy

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Credit: Tori Repp/Fotobuddy

Perovskites, manufactured crystals used in solar cells, have long promised to boost solar power, but internal defects have blunted their potential. Now, researchers at Princeton Engineering have corrected the defects by adding a novel combination of chemicals during fabrication.

The technique could translate to a 1% improvement in the power generation of even the most cutting-edge perovskite solar cells, said Dane deQuilettes, a senior author on the paper and assistant professor at Princeton. The advance is due to the defect-free perovskites’ ability to retain energy from sunlight 10 times longer than untreated perovskites.

The paper was published Oct. 8 in the journal Science.

Perovskites are semiconductors with a complex crystalline structure that makes them well suited to capturing solar energy and converting it to electricity. While perovskites can be found in nature, the ones used to create solar cells are engineered in labs. The ingredients that scientists use to make perovskites can be prepared in liquid form, so perovskite solar cells can be fabricated by printing the material in sheets, like ink on newsprint.

Most solar cells are made of silicon, which is highly durable, but perovskite solar cells may be cheaper and more sustainable to produce. Increasingly, silicon and perovskites are paired together, a thin coat of perovskite layered over a silicon solar cell. These tandem solar cells generate about 40% more power than a solar cell made from only one material.

One major hurdle in manufacturing perovskites for everyday use is that the printing and layering process often creates atomic-level defects in the material. These defects dampen the ability of electrons to retain their excess energy after they absorb sunlight. The longer electrons can retain excess energy, the more power can be generated from a solar cell, deQuilettes said.

Led by faculty at Princeton, the University of California-San Diego and Sungkyunkwan University in Korea, the research team found a way to mitigate these microscopic defects by adding a mixture of zinc bromide and methyl ammonium chloride early in the fabrication process. Adding these chemicals produces perovskites with fewer defects in the crystal structure, which allows electrons to retain energy from sunlight longer.

“We opened up this new class of chemical mixtures that improve the performance of perovskites,” deQuilettes said. The key is that the two chemicals need to have a lower melting point when combined, like adding salt to ice.

While researchers have been working to correct perovskite defects for years, this discovery was a surprise, deQuilettes said. A few years ago, Jason Yoo, a first author on the paper and then a researcher at the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, contacted deQuilettes with questions about some unusual lab results.

“He told me the samples were behaving like nothing he had seen before,” deQuilettes said. “He asked if I could help study them.”

DeQuilettes’ lab develops tools to understand how electrons behave and interact inside perovskites. He was amazed by Yoo’s samples — deQuilettes showed that the electrons retained excess energy for up to 300 microseconds, about a hundred thousand times longer than many other semiconductors.

This decrease in the number of defects enables a more efficient perovskite layer that can be used to augment standard silicon solar cells. This boost in solar power generation could provide a new source of energy in a time when demand is rising, deQuilettes said, especially for AI and datacenter infrastructure. “The whole solar industry has been asking, what are the next set of technologies that are going to contribute to energy production?” he said.

The possible applications of these low defect perovskites go beyond solar cells, deQuilettes noted. Because electrons in the perovskite can retain energy for so long, it opens new possibilities for how the crystals can be used.

“Energy is living in the material for so long, it broadens what’s actually possible with a semiconductor,” DeQuilettes said. The research has raised more questions than it’s answered, he added. “It’s been really eye-opening.”

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The paper, Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics, was published in Science on October 8. In addition to deQuilettes, authors include Jason Yoo and Bong Joo Kang at the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Connor J. Dolan, Zhewen J.D. Deng, Jack R. Palmer, Kelly X. Vences and David P. Fenning at the University of California-San Diego; Seongsik Nam, Jinho Lee, Kyu Min Kang, Daesoo Kim, Jang Hee Cho, Donghyuk Chung and Seong Sik Shin at Sungkyunkwan University in Korea; Rushik Desai and Arun Mannodi- Kanakkithodi at Purdue University; Niranjana Mohan Kumar, Mariana I. Bertoni and Arkita Chakrabarti at Arizona State University; Yanqi Luo, Barry Lai, Zhonghou Cai, Martin V. Holt and Tao Zhou at the Argonne National Laboratory; Andrew M. Kiss at Brookhaven National Laboratory; In Sun Cho at Ajou University in Korea; Dong Hyun Kim and Jun Hong Noh at Korea University in Korea.

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Journal

Science

Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

Not applicable

Article Title

Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics

Article Publication Date

18-Oct-2026