Thursday, September 30, 2021

Activist, historian, writer among `genius grant’ recipients

By DON BABWIN

1 of 6
Monica Muñoz Martinez sits for a portrait at the University of Texas in Austin on Sept. 16, 2021. The historian devoted to keeping alive stories of long-dead victims of racial violence along the Texas-Mexico border is among this year's MacArthur fellows and recipients of "genius grants."
 (John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation via AP)


CHICAGO (AP) — A historian devoted to keeping alive the stories of long-dead victims of racial violence along the Texas-Mexico border and a civil rights activist whose mission is to make sure people who leave prison are free to walk into the voting booth are among this year’s MacArthur fellows and recipients of “genius grants.”

The Chicago-based John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation on Tuesday announced the 25 recipients, who will each receive $625,000.

The historian and the activist are part of an eclectic group that includes scientists, economists, poets, and filmmakers. As in previous years, the work of several recipients involves topics that have been dominating the news — from voting rights to how history is taught in schools.

Race figures prominently in the work of about half of them, including that of Ibram X. Kendi, author of “How to be an Antiracist” and “Stamped from the Beginning,” which was a National Book Award winner for nonfiction.

There is a generation of older and younger writers, thinkers and creators who are able to recognize the “complexity of racism” and “clarify it for everyday people to see it and grasp it and be outraged by it,” Kendi said.

“These generations have been hugely inspired by previous generations,” added Kendi, who will contribute an essay to the forthcoming book “The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story” that’s based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning “1619 Project” that centers U.S. history around slavery. “I think we built this movement to a point in which it is indeed a juggernaut with no way of stopping.”

The selection process for the MacArthur grants is shrouded in secrecy. Instead of applications, anonymous groups make nominations and recommendations to the foundation’s board of directors.

Kendi, 39, said he had no knowledge he had been nominated.

“My first words were: ‘Are you serious?’” Kendi said Tuesday. “It’s one of the biggest, if not the biggest, honor I’ve ever received.”

COVID-19 also was clearly on the minds of the foundation’s board of directors. It comes up in the work of no fewer than four recipients, including a computational biologist building tools to track and forecast viruses and a physician-economist working to better communicate the need for the COVID-19 vaccine to communities that distrust medical institutions.

“As we emerge from the shadows of the past two years, this class of 25 Fellows helps us re-imagine what’s possible,” said Cecilia Conrad, the foundation’s managing director of fellows.

Much of what is going on, from the COVID-19 pandemic to efforts in the U.S. to alter the way elections are held and the way students are taught in school, added a sense of urgency to this year’s awards, some recipients said.

“This award is so timely for me, personally ... to remain committed to make sure the public has access to the truth, true history, even when it is troubling (and) especially when that history can help us build a better future,” Monica Muñoz Martinez, a historian at the University of Texas, Austin, pointing to efforts in some states to limit how teachers discuss racism.

Martinez was recognized, in part because of her book “The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas,” about a period a century ago when hundreds Mexicans and Mexican Americans were slaughtered by vigilantes as well as the Texas Rangers.

Desmond Meade, who led a campaign that resulted in the passage of a measure in Florida that restored the voting rights of felons who have served their sentences, said the recognition — and the money — will help him continue his work to help former prison inmates. Meade’s effort had a setback last year when a federal appellate court upheld the position of Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis and the GOP-led Legislature that Florida felons must pay all fines before regaining their right to vote.

Meade noted that he struggled with drug addiction and homelessness and has served time in prison himself.

“The country needs to see stories of triumph and everyday regular people who are impacting their communities,” he said. “This (genius grant) means that each and every one in this country has the capacity to do something great.”

___

Associated Press reporter Corey Williams contributed from West Bloomfield, Mich.
Enbridge-backed PennEast becomes the latest to scuttle a natural gas pipeline project

Proposed pipeline from Pennsylvania to New Jersey runs aground due to legal, regulatory challenges

Reuters
Scott Disavino
Publishing date:Sep 27, 2021 •
Natural gas pipelines in Canada's oilsands. 
PHOTO BY TODD KOROL/REUTERS FILES

PennEast Pipeline said on Monday it would stop developing a proposed pipeline from Pennsylvania to New Jersey, the latest in a series of natural gas lines to run aground due to legal and regulatory challenges.

The project was one of several proposed in recent years to draw natural gas from the fast-growing Appalachian region, only to run into local or environmental opposition to more fossil-fuel infrastructure. Gas prices have surged worldwide due to rising demand and lack of supply.

In the United States, there is plenty of product available for heating and power generation. But with the cancellation of PennEast, the industry is becoming more concerned that the vast growth in Appalachia’s production will become trapped.

Much of the growth in U.S. gas production over the past decade that turned the United States from a gas importer into one of the world’s biggest exporters of the fuel has come from the Appalachian region.

PennEast was cancelled, the company said, because it had not yet received all of its required permits. The project was one of the last major ones in the works set to pull gas from the Marcellus/Utica formation in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia, the biggest gas shale basin in the United States. Enbridge Inc. owns 20 per cent of the company, while other partners include Southern Company Gas; NJR Pipeline Company, a subsidiary of New Jersey Resources, South Jersey Industries, and UGI Energy Services (UGIES), a subsidiary of UGI Corporation.

“The PennEast partners, following extensive evaluation and discussion, recently determined further development of the project no longer is supported,” PennEast said in an email, noting it “has ceased all further development of the project.”

U.S. natural gas prices are at a seven-year high, boosted by overseas demand for U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. Global gas prices are at a record due to low storage levels in Europe and insatiable demand in Asia.

Other East Coast gas pipes held up by regulators and legal battles include Williams Cos Inc.’s Northeast Supply Enhancement from Pennsylvania to New Jersey and New York, and Dominion Energy Inc’s Atlantic Coast from West Virginia to Virginia and North Carolina. The latter was canceled in 2020.

PennEast decided to stop development even though the U.S. Supreme Court in June ruled in its favour in a lawsuit allowing the line to seize state-owned or controlled land in New Jersey.

As recently as August, PennEast said it still hoped to finish the first phase of the US$1.2 billion pipe in Pennsylvania in 2022. However, the company still lacks certain permits, including a water quality certification in New Jersey.

The 120-mile (193 kilometre) pipe was designed to deliver 1.1 billion cubic feet per day of gas from the Marcellus shale to customers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. One billion cubic feet is enough gas for about five million U.S. homes for a day.

PennEast had initially hoped to complete the project in 2019.

© Thomson Reuters 2021

With additional reporting from Financial Post Staff
Carbon dioxide could be used to make fuel — on Earth and beyond it

This could be a game changer for space trave
l.

by Jordan Strickler
September 28, 2021

Researchers from the University of Cincinnati are going to try and kill two birds with one stone as they try to address climate change while simultaneously assisting future human Martian explorers.



















Soon scientists could convert carbon dioxide into green energy.
 (Photo: Pixabay)

A team from the school’s College of Engineering and Applied Science is developing ways of transforming carbon dioxide into gases that could be used as a fuel on both planets.

In their study, published in the journal Nature Communications, assistant professor Jingjie Wu and his students used a carbon catalyst in a reactor to convert carbon dioxide into methane. The process, known as the “Sabatier reaction,” is the same process astronauts on the International Space Station use to scrub the carbon dioxide from the air they breathe and generate rocket fuel to keep the station in its orbit.

However, in the new study, Cincinnati researchers and their collaborators (from Rice University, Shanghai University, and East China University of Science and Technology) are taking things to a whole new level with their endeavor. By converting Mars’ atmosphere, which contains an abundance of carbon dioxide, to fuel, they could save half the fuel they need for a return trip.

As it stands now, astronauts would need to bring their own fuel, making the payloads ridiculously heavy, not to mention the additional room the fuel would require.

“Right now if you want to come back from Mars, you would need to bring twice as much fuel, which is very heavy,” Wu said. “And in the future, you’ll need other fuels. So we can produce methanol from carbon dioxide and use them to produce other downstream materials. Then maybe one day we could live on Mars…It’s like a gas station on Mars. You could easily pump carbon dioxide through this reactor and produce methane for a rocket.”

Wu and his students are experimenting with different catalysts such as graphene quantum dots, layers of carbon just nanometers big, that can increase the yield of methane and ethylene, which has been referred to as the world’s most important chemical as it is used in the manufacturing of plastics, rubber, synthetic clothing, and other products.

“The process is 100 times more productive than it was just 10 years ago,” Wu said. “So you can imagine that progress will come faster and faster. In the next 10 years, we’ll have a lot of startup companies to commercialize this technique.”

Adding this finding to the innovations made in which astronauts could build concrete on Mars with their own urine and blood, is making trips to the Red Planet increasingly more and more feasible with the materials we already have available.

With the Biden Administration’s goal of achieving a 50% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030 and a sustainable economy that relies on renewable energy by 2050, the study has positive implications for Earth as well.

The process of converting carbon dioxide to methanol is scalable for use in power plants that can generate tons of carbon dioxide. Additionally, Wu says, the process is efficient since the conversion can take place right where excess carbon dioxide is produced.


“Right now we have excess green energy that we just throw away,” Wu said. “We can store this excess renewable energy in chemicals…I realized that greenhouse gases were going to be a big issue in society. A lot of countries realized that carbon dioxide is a big issue for the sustainable development of our society.”
Germ-killing copper to be installed on Toronto and Vancouver transit

MINING.com Editor | September 28, 2021 | 

Image from Teck.

Antimicrobial copper coatings are being installed on high-touch transit surfaces on Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) and TransLink vehicles, following a successful pilot phase on transit that supports copper’s ability to kill up to 99.9% of bacteria on transit surfaces.


This new round of testing seeks to confirm those results from the first phase in Vancouver by evaluating copper surfaces on more transit vehicles over a longer duration of time across two different regions. For this phase, the medical microbiology teams at Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) and Mount Sinai Hospital/University Health Network will be undertaking regular bacteria testing, and VCH will be conducting laboratory testing on copper’s ability to kill viruses in addition to bacteria.

The trial, funded by Teck Resources as part of its Copper & Health program, will outfit copper on high-touch surfaces on several TTC buses, subway cars, and streetcars, as well as several TransLink buses and SkyTrain cars.

This trial will test three types of registered products including functional copper surface layers, copper alloys, and copper decals. Copper products will be installed on buses, subway cars, and streetcars in the Greater Toronto Area as well as buses and SkyTrains in Metro Vancouver. Samples will be analyzed from copper surfaces as well as non-copper surfaces on transit by VCH’s medical microbiology team, supported by Mount Sinai Hospital/University Health Network in Toronto and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.


Researchers from the University of British Columbia will also test and analyze the durability of the three products as they age over the course of the year.

The results of this trial could improve understanding of options for infection prevention for the transit industry and other industries that rely on shared public spaces.
How many climate disasters will today's children face? Scientists release estimate

Study finds next generation will face many times more heat waves, floods, droughts, crop failures


Thomson Reuters · Posted: Sep 28, 2021
Children hold placards during a global climate change strike rally in Nicosia, Cyprus, in 2019. Children will, on average, suffer seven times more heat waves and nearly three times more droughts, floods and crop failures due to fast-accelerating climate change, a new report finds.
 (Yiannis Kourtoglou/Reuters)

Children around the world will face a sharp jump in heat waves, floods and droughts in their lives compared to their grandparents, researchers said on Monday, with teenagers from Nepal to Australia urging leaders not to turn a blind eye.

Children will, on average, suffer seven times more heat waves and nearly three times more droughts, floods and crop failures due to fast-accelerating climate change, found a report from aid agency Save the Children.

Those in low- and middle-income countries will bear the brunt, with Afghan children likely to endure up to 18 times as many heat waves as their elders, and children in Mali likely to live through up to 10 times more crop failures.

"People are suffering, we shouldn't turn a blind eye... Climate change is the biggest crisis of this era," said Anuska, 15, sharing her experience of more heat waves, intense rain and crop losses in her country, Nepal.

"I'm worried about climate change, about my future. It will almost be impossible for us to survive," she told journalists.

A child sits on a makeshift raft on a flooded road following heavy rainfall in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China, on July 22, 2021. People in low- and middle-income countries will bear the brunt of climate impacts, the study found.
(Aly Song/Reuters)

Save the Children did not fully identify Anuska and others who spoke alongside her for protection reasons, it said.

The research, a collaboration between Save the Children and climate researchers at Belgium's Vrije Universiteit Brussel, calculated the lifetime exposure to a range of extreme climate events for children born in 2020 compared to those born in 1960.

On course for at least 2.6 C rise

Also published in the journal Science, the study is based on emissions reduction pledges made under the 2015 Paris climate accord, projecting that global temperatures will rise by an estimated 2.6 to 3.1 degrees Celsius above preindustrial times.

This would have an "unacceptable impact on children," Save the Children said.

"The climate crisis is a child rights crisis at its core," said Inger Ashing, chief executive of Save the Children. "We can turn this around — but we need to listen to children and jump into action. If warming is limited to 1.5 degrees, there is far more hope of a bright future for children who haven't even been born yet."

A boy runs at the bottom of a branch of the Lago Seco, which receives water from the Amazon River, in the city of Manaus, Brazil, in 2015. A severe drought had pushed river levels in Brazil's Amazon region to lows, leaving isolated communities dependent on emergency aid and thousands of boats stranded on parched riverbeds. (Bruno Kelly/Reuters)

The UN climate science panel warned in August that global warming is dangerously close to spiralling out of control and will bring climate disruption globally for decades to come.

National pledges to cut emissions so far are inadequate to limit global temperature rise to "well below" 2 C above preindustrial times, and ideally to 1.5 C, as about 195 countries committed to under the 2015 Paris Agreement.
1.5 C warming limit could make huge difference

Save the Children's report found that, if global warming is kept to 1.5C, additional lifetime exposure of newborns to heat waves would drop by 45 per cent and by nearly 40 per cent for droughts and floods compared with the current projected level.

"This is what's at stake when governments head to the COP26 global climate talks in Glasgow in November. These children's lives and future are all at stake," said Erin Ryan, a report author and Save the Children adviser.

Children from the Philippines to the Solomon Islands spoke of how increasing climate disasters left them vulnerable, affecting their mental health and disrupting their education.

"I was traumatized — it was really depressing," said Chatten from the Philippines, who was just eight when his home was destroyed by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, one of the most powerful tropical cyclones in history, which killed more than 6,300 people.

"Everything was at its worst during those times — I don't want anyone to experience that," said the teenager, now 16.

Others said youth should pressure governments for change.

"I really want to see world leaders take action, because this is putting everyone at risk," said Ella, 14, from Australia.

People under 40 will experience 'unprecedented life' of climate change disasters, study says

Christine Fernando
USA TODAY

Under current global climate policies, children born in 2021 worldwide face a dire future of climate disasters with disproportionate rates of flooding, heatwaves, droughts, wildfires and crop failures compared to their grandparents, according to a study published Sunday.

The study, published in the journal Science, found that children born in 2021 will on average live on an Earth with seven times more heatwaves, twice as many wildfires, and almost three times as many droughts, river floods and crop failures as people born 60 years ago.

"This basically means that people younger than 40 today will live an unprecedented life even under the most stringent climate change mitigation scenarios," lead author Wim Thiery said in a statement. "Our results highlight a severe threat to the safety of young generations and call for drastic emission reductions to safeguard their future."

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, a public university in Belgium, led the study, which included an international team of more than 30 researchers from universities including Imperial College London and the University of Nottingham in England.

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Children who will suffer through "climate extremes" unfairly face the consequences of the inaction of today's adults, study co-author Joeri Rogelj said in the statement.

Reducing emissions can make a difference, Rogelj added.

"With this study we lay bare the fundamental injustice of climate change across generations, as well as the responsibilities of today's adults and elders in power," he said.

These extreme climate events will also disproportionately affect children in developing countries, said researchers who computed lifetime exposures to climate events for every generation born between 1960 and 2020 in every country across the globe.

Racial disparities:Louisiana communities of color suffer from pollution and COVID. Now it's climate change.

In sub-Saharan Africa, 172 million children face a sixfold increase in extreme events over their lifetimes and 50 times more heatwaves. This compares to 53 million children of the same age born in Europe and Central Asia, who will face about four times more extreme events as their grandparents, according to the statement.

While current policies put the world on course for a warming of 3 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures, according to the statement from the researchers, meeting the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would significantly reduce the burden of extreme climate events on the next generation.

Co-author Simon Gosling supported setting more ambitious plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

"Our research shows very clearly the responsibility that the current generation holds for future generations in terms of climate change," Gosling said in the statement, which praised efforts by the world's youth to increase climate change awareness through school strikes and protests.

Contact News Now Reporter Christine Fernando at cfernando@usatoday.com or follow her on Twitter at @christinetfern.

Creating clouds may help save Australia's Great Barrier Reef

SYDNEY -- To slow the speed at which high temperatures and warm waters bleach the corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australian scientists are spraying droplets of ocean water into the sky to form clouds to protect the environmental treasure.

Researchers working on the so-called Cloud Brightening project said they use a turbine to spray microscopic sea particles to thicken existing clouds and reduce sunlight on the world's largest coral reef ecosystem located off Australia's northeast coast.

The water droplets evaporate leaving only tiny salt crystals which float up into the atmosphere allowing water vapor to condense around them, forming clouds, said Daniel Harrison, a senior lecturer at Southern Cross University, who runs the project.

"If we do it over an extended period of time for a few weeks to a couple of months when the corals are experiencing a marine heatwave we can actually start to lower the water temperature over the Reef," said Harrison.

The project had its second trial in March, the end of the Southern Hemisphere summer when the Reef off Australia's northeast is at its hottest, gathering valuable data on the atmosphere when corals are at most risk of bleaching.

A combination of light and warm water causes coral bleaching. By cutting light over the reef by six per cent in summer, "bleaching stress" would be cut by 50 per cent to 60 per cent on the undersea ecosystem, Harrison said.

But the benefits of cloud brightening would lessen over time unless other measures slowed the march of climate change.

"If we do have really strong action on climate change then the modeling shows that the cloud brightening is enough to stop the reef declining and to actually see it through this period while we reduce our carbon emissions," he said.

One of Australia's best-known natural attractions, the Reef came close to being listed as an endangered World Heritage Site by the United Nations, although it avoided the designation following lobbying by Australia.

Reporting by Stefica Nicol Bikes writing by Byron Kaye; editing by Christian Schmollinger

This Dec. 2, 2017, file photo shows the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. 
Kyodo News via AP, File
Net zero is not the real issue: we need to focus on our carbon budget

Caring only about our emissions level in 29 years is a bit stupid. Any party worth its salt will stop putting things off and tell us what it’s doing right now

‘The end of the carbon price cost us precious time and didn’t deliver cheaper electricity.’ Photograph: Lukas Coch/AAP

Mon 27 Sep 2021

As the whispers grow of the government setting a 2050 target, data from the parliamentary library shows that ending the carbon price has not led to lower electricity prices.

So not only has removing the carbon price failed to deliver this aim, it also has ensured the task of achieving net zero emissions is much harder.

Too many people in politics and the media have bought into the idea that achieving net zero emissions by 2050 is all that is needed to avoid a climate crisis.

Back in February, a report by the Climate Targets Panel highlighted that we need to think less about net zero and more about our carbon budget.


Carbon emissions don’t disappear once the year passes, they keep adding up. So, the issue is not really net zero but how much in total we can emit to limit temperatures rising.

The targets panel estimated that to limit warming to 1.5C Australia has a carbon budget from 2021 of 3,521 Mt CO2, and to remain under 2C a budget of 6,161 Mt CO2.

Emit more than that and it doesn’t matter when we get to zero: we will have already emitted too much CO2 to prevent temperatures rising by those levels.

For context, our 2019 emissions were 551.6Mt CO2 – enough to use up our 2C budget in 11 years, and the 1.5C budget in six.

Caring only what level we will be in 29 years is a bit stupid.

Alas, the stupidity continues, given the prime minister claimed yesterday that “we’ve already reduced emissions in Australia by over 20% since 2005. We committed to Kyoto. We met that target and we beat that target. We’re going to meet and beat our Paris target as well.”

We have only reduced emissions by 20% if you include land use, which allows Australia to claim cuts because in 1990 (the Kyoto base year) and 2005 (the Paris base year) there was massive land clearing in NSW and Queensland.

If graph does not display click here

Exclude land use and we have only cut emissions by 2% since 2005.

This is also the government that removed the carbon price – done nationally to lower electricity prices and supposedly ensure households did not pay for the cost of emission reductions.

Instead, the Liberal National party introduced direct action, which used taxes to pay companies to reduce emissions.

Thus, households paid via taxes to reduce emissions and yet, as new data commissioned by the Greens from the parliamentary library shows, we haven’t even got lower electricity prices.

If graph does not display click here


Cop26 climate talks will not fulfil aims of Paris agreement, key players warn


Every state under the national energy market has had higher average electricity prices since July 2014 than existed when the carbon price was in force.

The Greens leader, Adam Bandt, argues that “after eight years of Coalition climate denial, pollution and power costs are now both higher than under the Greens/Labor/independents carbon price’' and that, by repealing the carbon price, “the Coalition has lifted electricity prices and let polluters off the hook”.

Yet this is not the worst of it.

Under the carbon price, emissions were falling steadily.

Had they kept falling at that rate, Australia would have emitted about 9% less CO2 in the past seven years and would have had about 330Mt CO2 extra in its carbon bank.

Click here if the graph does not display

The initial carbon price was meant to be just a start, but ending it made life so much harder because, if you don’t cut now, you have to cut much harder later to stay within your carbon budget.

Think of it like a car – would you prefer to slowly reduce speed 30m out to avoid hitting a pedestrian, or would you plan to slam on the brakes 3m away and hope for the best?

If we continue on our current path, all chance of remaining within our 1.5C carbon budget is gone, and to stay under the 2C budget we would need massive cuts after 2030.

Click here if the graph does not display

Those cuts would be harsh and crippling for the economy.

To stay within our 1.5C carbon budget, we need to get on a path to net zero by 2035 from now, not 2030.


To stay within our 2C budget we need to target 50% cuts by 2030.

Click here if the graph does not display

Net zero by 2050 is not enough – all it does is put things off until it is too late, under the guise of looking like action.


The end of the carbon price cost us precious time and didn’t deliver cheaper electricity.


Any party that wants to be taken seriously on the climate crisis needs to say what they will do not by 2050, but by 2025, 2030 and 2035.




Greg Jericho writes on economics for Guardian Australia


Electricity generation by U.S. state

U.S. states vary radically in terms of electricity generation. 
Vermont is the cleanest, while Delaware is the dirtiest.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
  • The U.S. gets 60 percent of its electricity from fossil fuels, but plans are afoot to drastically reduce that share.

     

      How? Look at the energy mix per state. As this map shows, some are way ahead of the curve. Others, not so much.

     
    • Joe Biden’s home state of Delaware is America’s worst polluter – if only in relative terms.



Our melting planet: James Longman reports from 'extraordinary' Arctic Circle
Sep 28, 2021