Saturday, October 26, 2024

Head of NASA Not Happy That Elon Musk Has Been Secretly Taking Orders From Putin

Victor Tangermann
Fri, October 25, 2024 



Concerning

NASA administrator Bill Nelson isn't happy with SpaceX CEO Elon Musk after the Wall Street Journal reported that he has been in "regular contact" with Russian president Vladimir Putin for several years — even reportedly taking orders from the despot to prevent the activation of Starlink satellites over Taiwan as a favor to Chinese leader Xi Jinping.

Nelson told Semafor during Friday's Semafor World Economy Summit that he thinks the story "should be investigated."

"If its true there have been multiple conversations with Elon Musk and the president of Russia then that would be concerning particularly for NASA and the Department of Defense," he added.

It's a notable rebuke given SpaceX's close ties to both the space agency and the Pentagon. The space company has launched plenty of national security satellites, while NASA has become reliant on its Crew Dragon spacecraft to reach the International Space Station.

Having the space company's chief executive take orders or reveal potentially incriminating secrets to the head of the United States' biggest adversary could have troubling implications — something that Nelson seems painfully aware of.
National Liability

Musk's increasingly polarizing and problematic behavior has put the space agency in a difficult position.

For his part, Nelson has maintained that Musk's antics haven't been able to rock the boat too much, since in his estimation SpaceX's president Gwynne Shotwell is the one truly in charge.

"The good news about that is that Elon has a president that he lets run the company," he told Axios last month.

But now that he has reportedly been talking with Putin, Nelson has taken a different tune.

Musk has yet to respond to the claims. A Kremlin spokesperson told the newspaper that Musk and Putin had only met once to discuss "space as well as current and future technologies."

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Musk at first seemed opposed to Putin's land grab, aiding the Ukrainian side by sending thousands of Starlink broadband satellite terminals.

But then, as the WSJ reports, his tone changed considerably in late 2022, going as far as to suggest that Ukraine should give up parts of its territory to Russia to prevent a nuclear war.



Several years later, Musk has thrown his full weight behind the reelection of former president Donald Trump. The former reality TV host's close relationship with Putin is well-established. Musk's social media network X-formerly-Twitter also hosted a two-hour chat between conservative pundit Tucker Carlson and Putin.

In short, Musk's ties with the US' largest adversaries have clearly rattled NASA's leadership.

More on Musk and NASA: NASA Is Mega Hyped About SpaceX's Imminent Starship Test Flight


NASA chief calls for investigation into report about Musk-Putin talks

Filip Timotija
Fri, October 25, 2024 

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NASA Administrator Bill Nelson called for The Wall Street Journal’s recent report on “secret” conversations between tech billionaire Elon Musk and Russian President Vladimir Putin to be investigated.

Nelson first emphasized that NASA is “non-partisan political” and praised SpaceX for its recent work in developing spacecraft, before saying that the Journal’s Thursday report should be looked into.

“I don’t know that that story is true,” Nelson said at a conference hosted by news outlet Semafor. “I think it should be investigated.”

“If the story’s true, that there have been multiple conversations between Elon Musk and the president of Russia, then I think that would be concerning, particularly for NASA, the Department of Defense, for some of the intelligence agencies,” he continued.

Nelson’s response comes after the Journal published a report stating Musk and Putin have been in touch since late 2022, having discussions that were confirmed to the outlet by “several current and former U.S., European and Russian officials.” The sources told the Journal the conversations were on “personal topics, business and geopolitical tensions.”

The Journal reported that Russia’s president at one point asked Musk not to activate Starlink internet service over Taiwan for the sake of giving a favor to China’s President Xi Jinping, citing sources briefed on the request.

The outlet said Musk did not respond to a request for comment.

NASA and SpaceX are commercial partners, and NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 returned to Earth Friday after seven months at the International Space Station.

Earlier this year, Putin praised Musk as a “smart guy.”

“I think there’s no stopping Elon Musk. He will do as he sees fit. Nevertheless, you’ll need to find some common ground with him. Search for ways to persuade him. I think he’s a smart person. I truly believe he is. So you’ll need to reach an agreement with him because this process needs to be formalized and subjected to certain rules.”

The Hill has reached out to SpaceX for comment.

Updated at 9:04 a.m. EDT

Copyright 2024 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. 

Putin asked Musk to switch off internet over Taiwan

Gregor Stuart Hunter
Fri, October 25, 2024 

Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin at the Brics summit in Kazan, Russia, this week - Alexander Zemlianichenko/AP

Vladimir Putin asked Elon Musk to avoid activating his Starlink satellite internet service over Taiwan as a favour to Chinese leader Xi Jinping, security officials in the US and Europe believe.

A Wall Street Journal report said the richest man in the world has been in regular contact with the Russian leader since late 2022, citing several unnamed current and former officials in the US, Europe and Russia.

The report does not say whether Mr Musk took any action in response to Putin’s request.



However, the Kremlin on Friday denied the report. “It’s all untrue, absolutely false information published in the newspaper,” said Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov.

Starlink has emerged as a lifeline for Ukraine’s military as it attempts to maintain internet connectivity on the front lines in its conflict with Russia.

At the start of the conflict, the company delivered 5,000 terminals to Kyiv with the help of the US Agency for International Development.

Mr Musk, who has regularly criticised the Wall Street Journal on X, the social media network he owns, has not yet commented on the reports.

Neither Starlink nor SpaceX have responded to the claims.

Elon Musk is said to have been in regular contact with Vladimir Putin - Richard Bord/WireImage

Mr Musk’s rocket company SpaceX, which launches the Starlink satellites, has extensive contracts with the US department of defence, and he has a security clearance that gives him access to classified information. Nasa relies on his Falcon rockets to carry astronauts to the International Space Station.

Starlink is not available in Taiwan, with a map of global availability on the company’s website stating: “Service date is unknown at this time.”

China views democratic Taiwan as part of its territory and has vowed to take control of the island, and has never renounced the use of force to do so.

Taiwan, which restricts foreign satellite operators, has been seeking to establish its own low-Earth orbit satellite network since the end of 2022.

Some politicians have cited Mr Musk’s conflicts of interest with China, where his electric carmaker Tesla has manufacturing facilities, as justification for building its own alternative.

This effort gained renewed urgency after shipping vessels damaged two sub-sea internet cables connecting some of Taiwan’s outlying islands near the Chinese mainland last year, almost completely cutting them off from contact with the outside world.

Some analysts viewed the outage as Beijing carrying out a dress rehearsal of its invasion tactics.

Starlink is not available in Taiwan, but is a lifeline for Ukraine’s military - Starlink/Adobe Stock

On Thursday, Taiwan’s ministry of digital affairs launched the island’s first domestically produced high-altitude balloons to serve as backup communication channels in the event of emergencies.

In February, members of US Congress said Starlink’s approach to Taiwan could threaten its government contracts.

Mike Gallagher, a Republican representative for Wisconsin, said that by not making its service available in Taiwan, SpaceX could be in breach of its contract to make the service accessible to the US government worldwide, according to a letter reviewed by The New York Times.

SpaceX “is in full compliance with all of its US government contracts”, the company said at the time.

“SpaceX notified the select committee last week that it is misinformed, but the committee chose to contact media before seeking additional information.”

Mr Musk, the world’s richest man with an estimated fortune of $270 billion (£208 billion), according to Bloomberg, has recently thrown his support behind Donald Trump, joining him on the Republican presidential campaign trail and giving away millions of dollars to sway voters in swing states.

His increased presence has led to speculation Mr Musk may be seeking greater influence in a new administration in 2025.

Trump has also made regular phone calls to Putin since leaving office, according to a recent book by veteran political journalist Bob Woodward.


Tesla CEO's Conversations with Putin Raise National Security Questions, WSJ Reports

Faizan Farooque
Fri, October 25, 2024 


Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and Tesla (TSLA, Financials), has engaged in discussions with Russian President Vladimir Putin since late 2022, The Wall Street Journal said, citing anonymous sources.

Warning! GuruFocus has detected 4 Warning Signs with BA.

Citing many current and former officials from the United States, Europe, and Russia, the Wall Street Journal said that Musk's talks with Putin included both personal and commercial affairs. Reportedly as a favor to Chinese President Xi Jinping, Putin asked Musk not to turn on Starlink, their satellite internet service, above Taiwan at one time.

Because Musk works extensively with U.S. government entities like NASA via SpaceX, these contacts have generated possible national security concerns, the Journal said. According the article, Musk also has a security clearance allowing him access to secret material.



Declining to discuss Musk's security clearance, a Pentagon spokesman said, "We do not comment on any individual's security clearance, review or status, or about personnel security policy matters in the context of reports about any individual's actions."

In October 2022, Musk said on X, the site he ownsformerly known as Twitterthat he had just once discussed space with Putin in April 2021.

According to Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov, Musk and Putin simply discussed in a phone conversation about future technologies and space.

This article first appeared on GuruFocus.


Elon Musk has been in regular contact with Putin since 2022, report says

Rhian Lubin
Fri, October 25, 2024

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Elon Musk has been in regular contact with Vladimir Putin since 2022, according to a report – raising fresh security concerns in both the US and Europe.

Musk, whose America PAC is helping to bankroll Donald Trump’s presidential campaign, has spoken to the Russian president on the phone about business and geopolitical matters, officials with knowledge of the alleged conversations told The Wall Street Journal.

On one of the alleged calls, Putin reportedly asked Musk for “a favor” on behalf of Chinese leader Xi Jinping not to activate Starlink satellite services over Taiwan, according to the Journal.

Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed one telephone call took place between Musk and Putin where they discussed “space as well as current and future technologies,” the outlet reported, but denied there had been regular conversations.

The Independent has contacted Musk for comment. Musk did not respond to requests for comment from the Journal.

The alleged contact raises potential national security concerns due to Putin’s frosty relations with the US and his ongoing war in Ukraine as the presidential election looms.

The Journal reported that the Biden administration has not raised concerns about any “possible security breaches” by Musk.


Elon Musk campaigning in Pennsylvania for Trump last week (REUTERS)

An unnamed source aware of the alleged conversations between Musk and Putin told the paper that the US government is facing something of a “dilemma” because it is “so dependent” on SpaceX’s technology.

Musk has forged strong ties within the US intelligence and military services through his companies. The Tesla CEO’s SpaceX company holds multi-billion-dollar contracts with NASA and the Pentagon, The New York Times reported this week.

The company launches national security satellites into orbit and NASA contracts it to transport astronauts to the International Space Station.

“They don’t love it,” the source told the Journal, referring to Musk’s alleged contact with Putin.

Just last week, the billionaire referred to his security clearance level while rallying for Trump in Pennsylvania.

“I do have a top-secret clearance,” he said. “But, I’d have to say, like most of the stuff that I’m aware of… the reason they keep it top secret is because it’s so boring.”

A Pentagon spokesperson told the Journal it does not comment on an individual’s security clearance.

Musk has previously refuted criticism he is “pro-Russia.” On October 4, he posted on X about his company’s support for Ukraine. “SpaceX’s out of pocket cost to enable & support Starlink in Ukraine is ~$80M so far,” he said. “Our support for Russia is $0. Obviously, we are pro Ukraine.”

Vladimir Putin at the BRICS summit in Kazan on October 24. Musk is said to have spoken with Putin many times (POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Musk endorsed Trump for president earlier this year and since then, his support for the Republican has been unwavering. He is now Trump’s second biggest financial backer, according to Forbes, donating almost $120 million through his PAC.

Appearing on stage with Trump in Butler, Pennsylvania, earlier this month, Musk claimed the former president was the only candidate “to preserve democracy in America.”



Trump, meanwhile, has previously claimed Putin “would never have gone into Ukraine” if he were president and has touted his “very good relationship” with him several times.

Putin denied having any contact with Trump at a conference yesterday following reports from Bob Woodward’s book that the pair have spoken “several times” since the Republican left the White House in 2021.

The Trump campaign told the newspaper that Musk is a “once-in-a-generation industry leader and our broken federal bureaucracy could certainly benefit from his ideas and efficiency.”

“As for Putin, there’s only one candidate in the race that he did not invade another country under, and it’s President Trump,” the spokesperson said.

“President Trump has long said that he will re-establish his peace through strength foreign policy to deter Russia’s aggression and end the war in Ukraine.”

Opinion
Elon Musk Stays Silent After Bombshell Report on Secret Putin Contact

Hafiz Rashid
THE NEW REPUBLIC
Fri, October 25, 2024 



Elon Musk has stayed unusually silent after The Wall Street Journal revealed Thursday night that the tech CEO has been speaking regularly with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The newspaper reported that Musk has corresponded with Putin since 2022, discussing personal topics, business, and geopolitical tensions. Putin even made a request of Musk in one conversation: to refrain from setting up his satellite internet service, Starlink, over Taiwan as a favor to Chinese President Xi Jinping.

Musk has been tweeting around the clock since the story broke at 9 p.m. EST Thursday, but has not mentioned the Journal article once, mostly sticking to right-wing conspiracies and promotion of Donald Trump. According to the Journal, Musk not only had conversations with Putin, but with other high-ranking Kremlin officials as well. He even faced “implicit threats against him,” one source said.

The report is especially concerning given that the tech mogul has come out as a strong supporter of the former president, spending millions to help Trump return to the White House. The Journal report notes that Putin and Musk have continued contact this year as Musk has ramped up his efforts to reelect Trump.

In addition to his political activism, Musk has billions of dollars in government contracts attached to his companies. SpaceX, which operates Starlink, has a $1.8 billion classified contract and launches rockets for the Pentagon and NASA. He also has a security clearance giving him access to classified information.

With all of these government connections, the fact that Musk is consistently talking to one of the United States’ foremost adversaries in Putin presents a danger to national security. His control of Starlink gives him immense power over international communications, too. And Musk’s ownership of X also potentially puts the personal information of anyone who uses the social media service at risk. An anonymous source told the Journal that the Biden administration is aware of Musk and Putin’s relationship, but hasn’t raised any concerns over security breaches.


However, “they don’t love it,” the source told the Journal.

Microsoft fires employees who organized vigil for Palestinians killed in Gaza

MATT O'BRIEN
Updated Fri, October 25, 2024 

The Microsoft logo in Issy-les-Moulineaux, outside Paris, France, April 12, 2016. The company said Wednesday that Russian operatives are doubling down on fake videos to smear Vice President Kamala Harris’ campaign, while Chinese-linked social media campaigns are maligning down-ballot candidates who are critical of China. Meanwhile, Iranian actors who allegedly sent emails aimed at intimidating U.S. voters in 2020 have been surveying election-related websites and major media outlets, the tech giant said. 
(AP Photo/Michel Euler, File)More


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Microsoft has fired two employees who organized an unauthorized vigil at the company's headquarters for Palestinians killed in Gaza during Israel's war with Hamas.

The two employees told The Associated Press they were fired by phone call late Thursday, several hours after a lunchtime event they organized at Microsoft's campus in Redmond, Washington.

Both workers were members of a coalition of employees called “No Azure for Apartheid" that has opposed Microsoft's sale of its cloud-computing technology to the Israeli government. But they contended that Thursday's event was similar to other Microsoft-sanctioned employee giving campaigns for people in need.

“We have so many community members within Microsoft who have lost family, lost friends or loved ones,” said Abdo Mohamed, a researcher and data scientist. "But Microsoft really failed to have the space for us where we can come together and share our grief and honor the memories of people who can no longer speak for themselves."

Microsoft said Friday it has “ended the employment of some individuals in accordance with internal policy” but declined to provide details.

Mohamed, who is from Egypt, said he now needs a new job in the next two months to transfer a work visa and avoid deportation.

Another fired worker, Hossam Nasr, said the purpose of the vigil was both “to honor the victims of the Palestinian genocide in Gaza and to call attention to Microsoft’s complicity in the genocide” because of the use of its technology by the Israeli military.

Nasr said his firing was disclosed on social media by the watchdog group Stop Antisemitism more than an hour before he received the call from Microsoft. The group didn't immediately respond Friday to a request for comment on how it learned about the firing.

The same group had months earlier called on Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella to take action against Nasr for his public stances on Israel.

Nasr, an Egyptian-raised 2021 graduate of Harvard University, is also a co-organizer of Harvard Alumni for Palestine.

Google earlier this year fired more than 50 workers in the aftermath of protests over technology the company is supplying the Israeli government amid the Gaza war. The firings stemmed from internal turmoil and sit-in protests at Google offices centered on “Project Nimbus,” a $1.2 billion contract signed in 2021 for Google and Amazon to provide the Israeli government with cloud computing and artificial intelligence services.

Microsoft said in its statement Friday about the firings that it remains “dedicated to maintaining a professional and respectful work environment. Due to privacy and confidentiality considerations, we cannot provide specific details.”
A century after Native Americans got the right to vote, they could put Trump or Harris over the top

GRAHAM LEE BREWER
Sat, October 26, 2024 

RED SPRINGS, N.C. (AP) — Native American communities were decisive voting blocs in key states in 2020, and with the 2024 race remaining stubbornly close both campaigns have tried to mobilize Native voters in the final weeks of the presidential election.

But when it comes to messaging, the two campaigns could not be more different, many Native voters said. It’s been 100 years since Native Americans were given the right to vote, with the passage of the Snyder Act in 1924, and whichever campaign is able to harness their power in this election could swing some of the most hotly contested counties in the country.

In swing states like Arizona, North Carolina, Michigan, and Nevada, the candidates — particularly Vice President Kamala Harris — have been targeting Native Americans with radio ads and events on tribal lands featuring speakers like Bill Clinton and Donald Trump Jr.

Native American voters tend to favor Democrats, but they’re more likely to vote Republican than Latinos or African Americans, said Gabriel R. Sanchez, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. He said they are one of the least partisan and youngest voting demographics in the country, often motivated by issues that directly impact their communities, like land rights and environmental protections.

In 2020, the Biden administration campaigned in several tribal nations in critical states like Wisconsin and Arizona, and precincts on tribal lands there helped narrowly tip the election for the Democrats. “Arizona was kind of like a textbook example of what that could look like if you make those early investments,” Sanchez said.

As part of a $370 million ad campaign released this month, including on several reservations, Harris said the U.S. should honor treaty rights and uphold tribal sovereignty. Crystal Echo Hawk, CEO of Illuminative, a nonprofit that works to increase the visibility of Native Americans, said those commitments, along with the economy and environmental protections, are the top issues Native voters have identified in Illuminative’s surveys.

Echo Hawk said those investments could pay off again for the Democrats. “I haven’t seen the same kind of targeted messaging and outreach from the Trump campaign,” she said. Harris also stands to inherit some of the goodwill left from the administrations of Barack Obama and Joe Biden, she said.

Obama increased consultation with tribes on matters like land protections and criminal justice, and Biden appointed more than 80 Native Americans to senior administration roles.

“The minute that the announcement came that Harris was stepping into the race, you saw people organize overnight,” Echo Hawk said. And Trump, she said, will have to contend with his reduction of Bears Ears National Monument by 85% and his revival of the Keystone XL pipeline, both unpopular with Indigenous peoples. “I think a lot of these people remember that,” she said.

On Friday, Biden formally apologized for the country's support of Native American boarding schools and its legacy of abuse and cultural destruction. While seen as long overdue, it was met with praise from tribal leaders. On Saturday, vice presidential candidate and Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz will campaign in the Navajo Nation.

The Trump campaign hasn’t released ads targeting Native Americans, but U.S. Sen. Markwayne Mullin, a Republican from Oklahoma and a citizen of the Cherokee Nation, has stumped for the former president in Native communities in North Carolina, a swing state that was decided by less than one point in 2020.

On a crisp evening earlier this month, Mullin sat alongside Donald Trump Jr. and former Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, a former Democrat who recently announced she is joining the Republican Party, on a small stage in front of several bales of hay to take questions from an audience of a couple hundred people. They discussed issues ranging from the economy to tribal self-determination.

The event took place on a small farm in Red Springs, North Carolina, part of the traditional homelands of Mullin’s ancestors and current home to the Lumbee Tribe, a state-recognized tribe with about 55,000 members.

The federal recognition of the Lumbee has been opposed by several tribal nations, including the nearby Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and Mullin’s own tribe, the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma. The Lumbee’s push for federal recognition has become a focal point for both campaigns and a rare issue where both parties agree. Last month, Trump said he would sign legislation granting federal recognition to the Lumbee. Harris called the Lumbee's tribal chairman last week to discuss the legislation.

“This is an injustice that needs to be fixed when it comes to Lumbees,” Mullin told the crowd. “This is absolutely absurd. It needs to be done. I was so proud to hear President Trump say that he would sign it.”

But Mullin soon touched on one of the many areas where the two candidates differ: energy policy. Highlighting the fact that he believed a second Trump term would mean a better economy and lower energy costs, Mullin laid out Trump’s policy in one recognizable term that was echoed by the audience, "Drill, baby, drill.”

Both the Biden and Trump administrations pushed to produce more oil and gas than ever, including extractive energy projects that were opposed by Indigenous peoples. However, Native leaders have expressed concern that Trump is more likely to further erode protections for tribal lands.

Mullin suggested that if tribal nations are truly sovereign, they should be able to conduct energy extraction without the burden of federal intervention. He said just like the Lumbee’s fight for federal recognition, the rights of tribes to govern their own lands is the victim of federal bureaucracy.

“Why is tribal land treated like public land?” Mullin asked, questioning why the federal government should have any oversight on tribal nations that extract natural resources on their own lands. “You have natural resources being pulled out of the ground right across the fence from reservations. You have private land owners that are extremely wealthy and you have people that are literally starving inside reservations,” he said, comparing some to third-world countries.

He promised Trump would have a deep understanding of tribal sovereignty.

That message resonated with Robert Chavis Jr., a physical education teacher and Army veteran who was at the rally and will be voting for Trump. Chavis, a member of the Lumbee Tribe, said tribal nations aren’t just governments, they’re businesses, and the U.S. is no different. “I feel like you don’t need a politician in there. We need a businessman to run the country like it should be.”

But other Lumbee voters aren’t as convinced. At her art gallery a few miles away in Pembroke, Janice Locklear said Trump promised he would federally recognize the Lumbee last time he was in office, and she had no reason to believe he could accomplish it this time. But looking broader than her community, she said what Trump did on Jan. 6, 2021, represents a nationwide threat to democracy.

“He thought he could actually be a dictator, go in there and take over. Even though he had lost the election; he knew he had lost the election. So what do you think he’ll do this time,” she said.

Locklear said as a woman of color, she trusts that Harris will have a deeper understanding of the unique challenges facing Native Americans. “I’m sure she’s had to face the same problems we face,” Locklear said. “Discrimination, I’m sure she’s faced it.”

The evolution of green energy technology: Developing three-dimensional smart energy devices with radiant cooling and solar absorption




DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology)

Advanced Materials Cover 

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Advanced Materials Cover

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Credit: Advanced Materials Cover

□ 


A research team led by Professor Bonghoon Kim from DGIST’s Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering has developed a “3D Smart Energy Device” that features both reversible heating and cooling capabilities. The team collaborated with Professor Bongjae Lee from KAIST’s Department of Mechanical Engineering and Professor Heon Lee from Korea University’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Their innovative device was officially recognized for its excellence and practicality through its selection as the cover article of the international journal Advanced Materials.

 

□ Heating and cooling account for approximately 50% of the global energy consumption, contributing significantly to environmental problems such as global warming and air pollution. In response, solar absorption and radiative cooling devices, which harness the sun and outdoor air as heat and cold sources, are gaining attention as eco-friendly and sustainable solutions. While various devices have been developed, many are limited in function, focusing solely on heating or cooling, and large-scale systems lack adjustability.

 

□ To address these limitations, Prof. Kim’s team created a “3D Smart Energy Device” that integrates reversible heating and cooling functions in a single device. The device operates on a unique mechanism: when the 3D structure opens through a mechanical peeling process, the lower layer—made of silicone elastomer and silver—is exposed to generate radiative cooling. When the structure closes, the surface coated with black paint absorbs solar heat, thus producing heating.

 

□ The team tested the device on multiple substrates, including skin, glass, steel, aluminum, copper, and polyimide, and demonstrated that adjusting the angle of the 3D structure enabled control over its heating and cooling performance. This ability to modulate thermal properties offers an efficient and promising solution for reducing energy consumption in temperature-controlled buildings and electronic devices at both macro and micro scales.

 

□  “We are honored to have our research selected for the cover article of such a prestigious journal,” said Professor Bonghoon Kim. “We aim to ensure that these findings are applied in industrial and building settings to help reduce energy consumption.”

 

□ This research was supported by the “Global Bioconvergence Interfacing Leading Research Center (ERC)” and the “Nano and Materials Technology Development Project” of the National Research Foundation of Korea. The results were published in Advanced Materials, where they were featured as the cover article.

 

- Corresponding Author E-mail Address : bonghoonkim@dgist.ac.kr

Next-generation solar cells become more powerful with silver (Ag) doping technology!


Peer-Reviewed Publication

DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology)


 A team of senior researchers, including Kee-jeong Yang, Dae-hwan Kim, and Jin-gyu Kang from the Division of Energy & Environmental Technology, DGIST (President Kunwoo Lee), collaborated with Prof. Kim Jun-ho’s team from the Department of Physics, Incheon National University and Prof. Koo Sang-mo’s team from the Department of Electronic Materials Engineering to significantly improve the performance of kesterite (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells in joint research. They developed a new method for doping silver (Ag) in solar cells to suppress defects that hinder cell performance and promote crystal growth, thereby dramatically increasing efficiency and paving the way for commercialization.

 

□ CZTSSe solar cells are composed of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), sulfur (S), and selenium (Se), and are gaining attention as a resource-abundant, low-cost, and eco-friendly solar cell technology. In particular, they have the advantage of being suitable for large-scale production and highly competitive in price because they use materials that are abundant in resources instead of the scarce metals used in conventional solar cells. However, conventional CZTSSe solar cells have low efficiency and high current losses due to electron-hole recombination, thus making them difficult to commercialize.

 

□ To address these issues, the research team employed a method of doping the solar cell precursor with Ag. Ag inhibits the loss of Sn and helps the materials mix better at low temperatures. This allows the crystals to grow larger and faster, reducing defects and improving the performance of the solar cell. In this study, they systematically analyzed how the placement of Ag at different locations in the precursor changes the defects and electron-hole recombination properties in the solar cell. The results indicate that Ag can significantly improve the performance of the solar cell by preventing Sn loss and maximizing the defect suppression effect.

 

□ Importantly, they also found that doping Ag in the wrong place actually interferes with the formation of Zn and Cu alloy, causing Zn to remain in the bulk and form defect clusters. This can lead to increased electron-hole recombination losses and degraded performance. From this, the research team offered an important insight: solar cell performance varies significantly depending on where Ag doping occurs.

 

□ Furthermore, the research team found that the liquid material formed by Ag doping promotes crystal growth, significantly improving the density and crystallinity of the absorber layer. This resulted in an improved energy band structure and fewer defects, ultimately allowing for smoother charge transport in the cell. These findings are expected to contribute significantly to the production of high-performance solar cells at low cost.

 

□ “In this study, we analyzed the effect of Ag doping, which had not been clearly identified before, process by process, and found that silver plays a role in suppressing tin loss and improving defects,” said Yang Kee-jeong, a senior researcher at the Division of Energy & Environmental Technology. “The results provide important insights into the design of silver-doped precursor structures to improve solar cell efficiency and are expected to contribute to the development of various solar cell technologies.”

 

□ The research was funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT’s Source Technology Development (Leapfrog Development of Carbon Neutral Technology) Program and the Future-Leading Specialization Research (Grand Challenge Research and Innovation Project (P-CoE)) Program. The paper was published online in the Energy & Environmental Energy (IF 32.4), a leading international journal in the field of energy.

 

- Corresponding Author E-mail Address : kjyang@dgist.ac.kr

 

Can mobile phone networks and Bluetooth technology help researchers improve animal tracking?



Wiley





Animal tracking studies for ecology and conservation all face technological limitations such as high costs or the need for tags to remain in close proximity to detectors. In research published in Methods in Ecology and Evolution, investigators describe a solution that can overcome many current limitations by employing the massive global network of personal mobile phones as gateways for tracking animals using Bluetooth low energy beacons.

In areas with medium to high density of people, these simple, lightweight, and inexpensive beacons can provide regular updates of position with a battery life of 1–3 years. Through field testing with sulphur-crested cockatoos and white-winged choughs, the beacons were capable of producing reliable high-frequency tracking data. The researchers were further able to demonstrate the potential of this method to study movements, home ranges, and social networks of urban living animals.

“We know that wildlife exhibit fascinating responses to urban habitats, and the ability to cheaply and reliably track animals will help to unlock many secrets of our urban animals,” said corresponding author Damien R. Farine, PhD, of the Australian National University.

URL upon publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.14433

 

Additional Information
NOTE:
 The information contained in this release is protected by copyright. Please include journal attribution in all coverage. For more information or to obtain a PDF of any study, please contact: Sara Henning-Stout, newsroom@wiley.com.

About the Journal
Methods in Ecology and Evolution promotes the development of new methods in ecology and evolution, and facilitates their dissemination and uptake by the research community. We publish papers across a wide range of subdisciplines and provide a single forum for publishing analytical, practical, or conceptual methodological developments in ecology and evolutionary biology.

About Wiley     
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Fatigue test rig no more: Simulating bulldozer strength




Maximum Academic Press
Working components of the dozer. 

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Working components of the dozer.

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Credit: International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics




In a first for the construction industry, researchers have developed a virtual vibration test rig (VTR) capable of simulating the fatigue life of dozer push arms with unprecedented accuracy. This cutting-edge solution offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional physical testing, allowing for more precise predictions of component durability. With the potential to streamline the entire testing process, this innovation could dramatically transform how construction machinery is evaluated and enhanced.

The working components of construction machinery, such as dozer push arms, face periodic conditions that result in fatigue damage over time. Continuous vibrations, tension, and impact forces accelerate wear, making precise fatigue analysis crucial to ensure reliability and performance. Traditional vibration test rigs are costly and time-consuming, often falling short in replicating real-world conditions. Due to these challenges, there is an urgent need for more efficient and accurate testing methods, prompting researchers to explore virtual test rigs to better analyze fatigue life.

This research (DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12125) was conducted by a team from Shandong University, in collaboration with Xiamen University and Kyunghee University, and was published on August 31, 2024, in the International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics. The study presents a novel virtual vibration test rig (VTR) specifically designed for analyzing the fatigue life of dozer push arms. By utilizing simulation to generate highly accurate load spectra, this method bypasses the need for expensive physical rigs. The new approach is expected to revolutionize fatigue testing for construction machinery, offering faster and more reliable results.

The study focuses on the creation of a VTR that simulates the operational conditions of dozer push arms, enabling more precise fatigue life assessments. Using a virtual iteration technique, the VTR generates input signals that replicate real-world operating loads, iteratively fine-tuning them until they match actual working conditions. This approach addresses the shortcomings of traditional test rigs, which often struggle to reproduce the complex, dynamic behaviors of machinery components. By incorporating key data points such as strain, oil pressure, and cylinder stroke, the virtual VTR calculates accurate load spectra for fatigue analysis. The results show that this virtual method closely aligns with those obtained from physical experiments, reducing the testing time from hours to mere minutes and dramatically cutting costs. This innovation has wide-reaching implications for enhancing the reliability of product design while significantly lowering testing expenses across the construction machinery industry.

Prof. Xiangqian Zhu, a lead researcher from Shandong University, highlighted the transformative nature of the new system: "This VTR presents a groundbreaking alternative to conventional fatigue testing. Not only does it cut down on time and costs, but it also enhances the accuracy of fatigue life assessments. This method could reshape the way fatigue analysis is conducted in construction machinery, facilitating faster product development and improved reliability." Dr. Zhu also sees significant potential for the technology in various other sectors reliant on heavy machinery.

The VTR’s impact extends far beyond the construction industry. Sectors such as mining, agriculture, and defense stand to benefit from this innovative technology, which promises more efficient fatigue analysis for critical components. By enabling rapid design validation and reducing costs, the virtual rig offers manufacturers the ability to produce more durable and reliable machinery. The technology’s accuracy in simulating real-world conditions ensures that it will play a crucial role in enhancing both performance and safety, making machinery more cost-effective and resilient across multiple industries.

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References

DOI

10.1002/msd2.12125

Original Source URL

https://doi.org/10.1002/msd2.12125

Funding information

This work was supported by the Shandong Province Science and Technology SMES innovation ability improvement project and the Rizhao Key Research and Development Project (No. 2022TSGC2504), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52378402); Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project (Nos. ZR2022QE021, ZR202211100077), and the Taishan Scholar Project (No. tsqn202312024).

About International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 

International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics (IJMSD) is an open-access journal that aims to systematically reveal the vital effect of mechanical system dynamics on the whole lifecycle of modern industrial equipment. The mechanical systems may vary in different scales and are integrated with electronic, electrical, optical, thermal, magnetic, acoustic, aero, fluidic systems, etc. The journal welcomes research and review articles on dynamics concerning advanced theory, modeling, computation, analysis, software, design, control, manufacturing, testing, and evaluation of general mechanical systems.