INTER-IMPERIALIST RIVALRIES

Libya a New Instrument in Moscow’s European Strategy?

By Cyril Widdershoven - Nov 22, 2024

Russia is strengthening its ties with eastern Libyan warlord General Haftar, aiming to disrupt European energy supplies and expand its geopolitical influence in North Africa.

By leveraging Libya’s vast oil reserves and increasing its military presence at key bases, Russia seeks to displace Western oil companies.

Libya's interest in joining BRICS and Moscow’s growing influence highlight potential shifts in global alliances.


North Africa’s main oil producer, Libya, is again making headlines, mainly in light of OPEC’s ongoing market struggles. At the same time, Europeans are looking at the OPEC member as a potential source for their energy-hungry industries. After Europe’s energy crisis, mainly caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the Southern Mediterranean is back on the books of politicians and investors. However, amid the ongoing civil war, which has split the country into two main warring factions, international powers have their own strategies in place. While Western powers, led by the US and EU, are backing the still fledgling official government of Libya, Russia and several mainstream Arab powers remain aligned with eastern Libyan warlord General Haftar. While Libya is still producing well below its former historic levels, moves are being made to increase output substantially in the coming years. Moscow, at present, is setting up a major new strategy in which not only the Haftar-Moscow links are being strengthened but also the option of putting Europe’s energy supply at risk.

Some experts have indicated that the current Russia-Haftar discussions have only one main target: to hold Europe to ransom. While most of General Haftar’s military or political decisions are assessed as his own, it now seems that Moscow is partly leading the discussion, enforcing a possible Russian hold on North Africa’s oil and gas future. In recent weeks, Haftar’s closure of Libya’s El Sharara oil field, with a capacity of 300,000 bpd, has mainly hit supplies to European clients, as 80% of the production flows to Europe. El Sharara’s leading operators include Norwegian energy giant Equinor, Austria’s OMV, France’s TotalEnergies, and Spanish operator Repsol.

Related: Russia to Lift Gasoline Export Ban Earlier Than Planned

International media failed to recognize the link between the shutdown and a decision by Italian officials in Naples not to allow Haftar’s son, Saddam, to enter the country. This move followed Spain’s arrest warrant for Saddam Haftar, who is also a leading figure in the Libyan National Army (LNA). Spain accuses Saddam Haftar of trying to acquire lethal drones. Haftar closed down El Sharara to pressure Madrid.

Moscow’s assessment of the situation is clear. A potential conflict between Libya’s LNA-backed powers and European oil and gas operators presents an opening for Russian interests. Gazprom, or possibly a newly merged Russian entity combining Gazprom Neft, Rosneft, and Lukoil, could step in. While this might seem unlikely to Western observers, power dynamics on the ground in eastern Libya favor Moscow. Russia’s creeping influence is already evident in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as in Mali and elsewhere. With around 3,000 mercenaries in Libya, Moscow views the country as a potential hub for further expansion into Africa. Strengthening ties with Haftar benefits both the Libyan warlord—who is losing support from Abu Dhabi and Egypt—and Putin’s struggling regime.

Establishing a stronghold in Libya aligns with former Soviet cooperation agreements and advances Moscow’s goal of targeting Europe’s energy supply. Libya, holding the 9th largest oil reserves in the world, could supply vast volumes of oil and gas to Europe if a peace plan and power-sharing agreement between Haftar in Benghazi (east Libya) and Western-backed PM Abdul al-Dbeibeh in Tripoli (west Libya) could be reached. If not, Moscow may attempt to push out Western oil and gas operators and replace them with its own.

If successful, Moscow could not only weaponize Libya’s energy resources but also gain access to valuable minerals and metals in the country and Sub-Saharan Africa. Libya has shown growing interest in joining BRICS, presenting an economic and political alternative to Western alliances. Libyan officials confirmed this interest during the Russia-Africa Partnership Forum (November 9–10) in Sochi, Russia, though no official invitation has been extended yet.

Last month, investigative platform Eekad reported that Moscow has stepped up its military presence in Libya. Russian forces have established several air bridges to the Brak Al Shati base since March, and increased activities have been reported at four other strategic military bases: Al-Jufra, Al-Gardabiya, Al-Khadim, and the port of Tobruk. Moscow appears intent on using eastern Libya’s oil and gas regions as a gateway into Africa.

As reported by NOC, Libya’s crude oil production currently stands at 1.36 million bpd, with aspirations to reach 2 million bpd by the end of 2025.

By Cyril Widdershoven for Oilprice.com

British Columbia creates new mining ministry to tackle critical minerals amid doubts over capacity

me-metals: British Columbia Premier David Eby on Monday split the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation into two: Mining and Critical Minerals and Energy and Climate Solutions, to fast-track projects and tackle regulatory and social challenges.

According to me-metals cited from mining.com, Jagrup Brar, appointed as the first Minister of Mining and Critical Minerals, will oversee 17 projects advancing toward construction. He will also lead reforms to the Mineral Tenure Act (MTA), the government said in a media briefing late Monday. The government sees these tasks as steps to streamline permits, attract investment, and modernize old regulations.

Brar, an MLA for Surrey-Fleetwood since 2017, has no known mining background. However, his appointment was well received by local mining associations.

Eby said the restructuring positions BC to leverage its copper, lithium, and rare earth reserves, materials that are critical for electric vehicles, batteries, and renewable energy.

“The transition to a low-carbon future represents a generational opportunity we must seize, not abandon,” he said during the new cabinet’s swearing-in ceremony Monday in Victoria, just weeks after his NDP party won a tight provincial election.

Keerit Jutla, president and CEO of the Association of Mineral Exploration, told The Northern Miner that the new ministry’s creation is “a significant and important step by the government.”

“I see this government beginning to implement some of the recommendations industry has made,” he said in response to questions.

The new cabinet includes notable appointments such as Brenda Bailey as Finance Minister, Adrian Dix leading the Energy and Climate Solutions portfolio, Ravi Parmar as Minister of Forests, and Christine Boyle overseeing Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation.

“In order for BC to realize its full potential as a natural resource leader, a whole-of-government approach will be needed to ensure it is built holistically, and representative of all of BC, urban and rural,” Jutla said.

Critical vision questioned

Critical minerals are central to BC’s economic vision, with demand for lithium expected to grow sixfold by 2030 and copper demand projected to double by 2050, according to government data. The province’s mineral base could attract billions in investment and create thousands of jobs, particularly in rural areas, industry advocates say.

Yet, the industry remains skeptical. Mining companies cite permitting delays and regulatory uncertainty as major barriers. Approvals often take years. Reforming the MTA to meet Supreme Court-mandated Indigenous consultation requirements will test Brar’s leadership. The government has offered few details on how to fast-track these projects while maintaining environmental standards and honouring Indigenous rights.

Much of the proposed development of mineral resources overlaps with Indigenous land claims. Unresolved issues over sovereignty and benefit-sharing could cause delays. The government has pledged to strengthen partnerships with Indigenous groups. It will include traditional Indigenous knowledge in project planning. However, industry and First Nations question the potential to turn promises into real collaboration.

Environmental concerns further complicate the push for critical minerals. The province touts these resources as vital to the clean energy shift. Yet, mining risks habitat destruction, water contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions, critics like the BC Mining Law Reform network said in its ‘Dirty Dozen 2023’ report.

Others such as the Business Council of BC has said that framing mining as a climate solution oversimplified its impacts. It also doubts the province’s ability to cut emissions 40% below 2007 levels by 2030.

source: mining.com

NEO Battery Materials Awarded as Consortium Partner in $20M Recycled Silicon Battery Project by South Korean Government

November 20, 2024 

Awarded as Consortium Partner in CAD$20M Recycled Silicon Battery Project Organized by the South Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy

Major South Korean Battery Value Chain Companies and Universities as Consortium PartnersHansol Chemical as Head Project Organization along with South Korea’s Largest Cathode Materials Producer, INNOX eco-M, LiBEST, etc.

Project Focus: Developing High-Performance, Low-Cost Silicon Anode Materials Based on Silicon Waste from Semiconductor and Photovoltaic Wafer Manufacturing
NEO Battery Materials Acting as Downstream Participant to Jointly Develop High-Performance Silicon Anode Materials with Consortium Partners

TORONTO, Nov. 20, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NEO Battery Materials Ltd. (“NEO” or the “Company”) (TSXV: NBM) (OTC: NBMFF), a low-cost silicon anode materials developer that enables longer-running, rapid-charging lithium-ion batteries, is pleased to announce that the Company has been awarded as a consortium partner along with major battery value chain companies and universities in a CAD$20M recycled silicon battery project organized by the South Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy.

In a project titled “Recycled Silicon-Based High Energy Density Electrode Manufacturing Technology Development,” the South Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) will invest approximately CAD$20M in government contributions for the next 5 years in consortium partners.

With Hansol Chemical, a leading South Korean chemical materials company, as the head project organization, several major battery and chemicals companies are participating as consortium partners, including South Korea’s largest cathode materials producer, INNOX eco-M (NEO’s recycled silicon collaborator), and LiBEST.

The project will focus on developing high-performance silicon anode materials based on recycled silicon scrap from semiconductor and photovoltaic wafer manufacturing. Consortium partners recognize that solving the limitations of waste materials is critical to achieving price and technological competitiveness for silicon anodes and strengthening sustainability in the lithium-ion battery industry.

NEO Battery Materials will act as a downstream value chain participant. Using recycled silicon inputs optimized with low-cost technologies, NEO will jointly develop silicon anode materials with consortium partners to manufacture high-content silicon anode batteries. This project directly advances the Company’s strategic plan to secure low-cost, high-performance silicon feedstock.

Mr. Spencer Huh, Director, President, and CEO of NEO, commented, “NEO Battery Materials is highly pleased to be a consortium partner in this key project organized by the South Korean federal government. Along with major battery industry players, we are confident in developing low-cost silicon anode materials to attain material circularity and supply chain resiliency. With approximately 900 tons of waste silicon produced annually in South Korea, all consortium partners are motivated to develop effective technologies to recycle and reuse all waste generated moving forward.”

About NEO Battery Materials Ltd.
NEO Battery Materials is a Canadian battery materials technology company focused on developing silicon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, electronics, and energy storage systems. With a patent-protected, low-cost manufacturing process, NEO Battery enables longer-running and ultra-fast charging batteries compared to existing state-of-the-art technologies. The Company aims to be a globally-leading producer of silicon anode materials for the electric vehicle and energy storage industries. For more information, please visit the Company’s website at: https://www.neobatterymaterials.com/.

British government finds Glencore UK violated business guidelines at its oil operation in Chad

Posted on 21 November 2024

Local communities were harmed by toxic spill in Chad after oversight failures at Glencore’s London headquarters

The British government has today found that Glencore UK failed to take appropriate measures to prevent and mitigate a 2018 toxic spill at its Badila oilfield in Chad, breaching the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct. An estimated 18,000 people live in the vicinity of the Badila oilfield.

Glencore is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is one of the world’s largest natural resource companies. Its oil business is managed by Glencore UK Ltd out of its London headquarters.

The findings were made by the UK National Contact Point (NCP) at the Department for Business and Trade, which implements the Guidelines for responsible business conduct of UK-based companies. The Guidelines set standards for issues including human rights, labour rights and environmental practices.

In its statement published today, the NCP publicly criticised Glencore UK for failing to adequately identify, prevent and mitigate the human rights and environmental risks at the Badila oilfield operated by its then wholly owned subsidiary PetroChad Mangara Ltd (PCM). It found that Glencore UK had a business relationship with PCM, and that although Glencore UK was not directly responsible for the spill, it breached its due diligence responsibilities.

Civil society complaint highlights harms caused

The long-overdue NCP findings were in response to a detailed complaint on behalf of local communities filed in 2020 by UK-based corporate watchdog RAID, the Public Interest Law Center (PILC) in Chad and the Association of Young Chadians of the Petroleum Zone (Association des Jeunes Tchadiens de la Zone Petroliere – AJTZP).

The complaint set out the effects of a toxic wastewater spill on 10 September 2018 when a basin holding ‘produced water’ – a by-product of crude oil production – collapsed at the Badila oilfield. Eighty-five million litres of wastewater (the equivalent of 34 Olympic-sized swimming pools) flooded agricultural fields before pouring into the Nya Pende River. Local residents rely on the river for drinking, bathing, washing clothes and watering livestock. A few weeks later, residents also reported an oil pipe leak, an incident contested by the company.

At least 50 local residents living near Glencore UK’s oil operations reported burns, skin lesions, sickness and diarrhoea after bathing in or using the contaminated river water in the weeks following the incidents. Many of those harmed were children, some of whom were hospitalised. Livestock drinking from the river also died.

Anneke Van Woudenberg, RAID’s Executive Director, stated:
“Glencore UK’s failure to conduct proper human rights due diligence has had devastating consequences for communities living near the Badila oil field. While we welcome the NCP’s findings that Glencore UK failed to prevent these harms, it is troubling that the company is not being held accountable for remedying the damage caused.

Not only does the NCP’s decision contradict UK legal precedent, which establishes that parent companies may owe a duty of care to individuals and communities harmed by their subsidiaries’ actions, it also severely fails local communities impacted by the company breaching its responsibilities.

The UK NCP has missed a crucial opportunity to reinforce to UK companies the importance of upholding responsible business practices and the necessity to provide remedies when their actions cause harm.”

According to residents, the basin had been leaking weeks before it collapsed, but Glencore UK failed to properly address the problem or to warn local residents about the impending danger. Residents say the company has still not acknowledged the harm caused or provided remedy, despite the devastating losses.
Frustration with the NCP’s decision

The three groups – RAID, PILC and AJTZP – welcome the NCP’s decision that Glencore UK breached the OECD Guidelines but said they are disappointed the NCP did not consider Glencore UK responsible for remedying the human rights impacts of the Badila spill.

While the NCP viewed the company’s UK headquarters as being at arms-length from the harm caused on the ground, the NGOs argued that, as the 100% owner of PCM, Glencore UK had a greater responsibility for its Chadian operations than the NCP’s characterisation that they held a weaker “business relationship”.

As Glencore sold PCM to the French company Perenco in June 2022, the UK NCP identified four recommendations to strengthen Glencore’s due diligence practices in other and future activities, but did not suggest remedy for the specific case of the Badila spill. The recommendations include: to improve policies on carrying out effective due diligence with regards to its business relationships; to reference due diligence in its environmental policy; to ensure the company’s complaint mechanism is effective and accessible; and to develop and publish due diligence reports regularly.

Aristote Benainou Ngarkaya, President of AJTZP, stated:
“The NCP’s recommendations are insufficient. Although Glencore no longer owns PCM, residents continue to live in a polluted area and suffer from the wastewater spill’s effects. After six years of waiting and an excessively drawn-out UK NCP process, who will provide the remedy they deserve? Glencore UK should own up to its actions and provide full compensation to those affected.”


Glencore UK’s ongoing troubles

The NCP’s decision follows years of international investigations into acts of bribery and corruption by Glencore, including by its UK oil subsidiary. In May 2022, Glencore pled guilty to corruption charges brought against it in the US for widespread bribery in countries across the globe. A month later, in June 2022, its UK subsidiary Glencore UK pled guilty to seven counts of bribery for preferential oil deals in West Africa. A UK court later ordered it to pay £280 million. In August 2024, the UK Serious Fraud Office further charged Alex Beard, who ran Glencore’s oil division from 2007 to 2019 for corruption, alongside others Glencore UK staff. The case is ongoing.

Further background:The UK NCP’s Initial Assessment, the complaint filed to the UK NCP, and RAID’s press release at filing can be found here.
RAID’s 2021 press release can be found here.
RAID’s March 2020 report, Glencore’s Oil Operations in Chad: Local Residents Injured and Ignored, can be found here.
Correspondence between RAID, AJTZP, PILC and Glencore in March 2020 can be found here.

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are the only government-backed international instrument on responsible business conduct with a built-in grievance mechanism. Although the OECD Guidelines are not legally binding on companies, they are binding on signatory governments, such as the UK, which is required to ensure the Guidelines are implemented and observed. The NCP receives complaints against companies that have allegedly failed to adhere to the Guidelines’ standards.


Visit our Chad report here

Timeline:

10 September 2020: The organisations submitted the complaint to the NCP

22 January 2021: The UK NCP issued its Initial Assessment decision accepting the issues for further examination of issues relating to the 2018 wastewater spill and subsequent alleged oil leak. The Initial Assessment does not aim to determine whether the OECD Guidelines were breached.

March 2021: Both parties agreed to enter into mediation.

May 2021: The NCP process was paused, following a mention by Glencore of potential parallel legal proceedings against the company.

March 2022: The NCP proceedings were resumed but Glencore declined to continue mediation citing that the threat of litigation relating to matters being considered within the NCP process meant they could not enter into mediation.

June 2022: Glencore Plc sold PCM to French oil company Perenco.

DIAMONDS

Alrosa plans to scale back production and trim headcount

The company looks to restart production if market conditions improve.

 Credit: Bjoern Wylezich/Shutterstock. · 

GlobalData

Fri, November 22, 2024 


Russian diamond mining company Alrosa could halt some of its production and reduce its workforce size in 2025, reports Reuters citing the company's CEO Pavel Marinychev.

Marinychev said the move comes as a result of "deep crisis" in the global diamond industry and the impact of Western sanctions on Russian diamond sales.

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, sanctions were imposed by Western nations on several Russian companies, including Alrosa.

Marinychev highlighted that for the second consecutive year, diamond prices have been in decline.

The crisis facing Alrosa is intensified by the G7 and EU's ban on Russian diamond purchases, which forms part of the broader sanctions regime.

Marinychev was quoted by the news agency as saying in a local television station in the Yakutia region of Russia's Far East that: "Certain areas that are less profitable, which are at the borderline of profitability, may be subject to suspension during this crisis period."

Despite the potential production halt, the CEO mentioned that operations could be reactivated should market conditions improve.

Marinychev added: “We are currently in a rather difficult situation. Our task is to endure and wait out this period, to wait for prices to start rising again.”

The Russian government has occasionally stepped in to purchase diamonds from Alrosa via a state fund.

To manage costs amidst these challenges, Marinychev looks to reduce labour expenses by 10% in 2025.

This strategy will involve cutting some of the company's 35,000 workforce, though the exact number of staff reductions was not disclosed.

"Alrosa plans to scale back production and trim headcount" was originally created and published by Mining Technology, a GlobalData owned brand.

Russian war machine funded by illicit gold trading, WGC report states


Photo by Reuters

18th November 2024
By: Darren Parker
Creamer Media Senior Contributing Editor Online


Russian State-funded private military company (PMC) Wagner Group is one of the greatest beneficiaries of illicit gold trading, a new report published by the World Gold Council (WGC) shows.

According to the report, penned by former UK Deputy Prime Minister Dominic Raab, estimates suggest the PMC earned more than $2.5-billion from illicit gold mining since the invasion of Ukraine alone, which has been funnelled back into the Russian war machine.


Although artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) provides income for millions of people in more than 80 countries, some estimates indicate that 80% of ASGM takes place in the shadow economy. The ASGM industry is responsible for an estimated 20% of global yearly gold supply and about 80% of overall gold mining employment.

The report, titled ‘Silence is Golden’, states that ASGM communities are preyed upon by criminal gangs, armed groups and corrupt officials and exploited by intermediaries who launder gold out of countries clandestinely.


“Increasingly, there is evidence of the growing contribution of illegal mining to international crime, corruption and conflict,” Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative board chair Helen Clark says in the report foreword.

However, there are plenty of international and domestic instruments intended to protect ASGM, including the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights 2011, the EU’s Conflict Minerals legislation and the US Dodd-Frank Act.

Nonetheless, the report states that there is a “striking lack of transparency” across businesses and governments in relation to the implementation of these legal standards, coupled with a dangerous inertia in enforcing the law against the most nefarious criminals involved.

As such, the violence artisanal gold miners suffer ranges from attacks by governments and mercenaries to exploitation from criminal gangs. The illicit profits they make and launder – sometimes through the main international gold hubs, including Hong Kong, India, Miami, Switzerland, Türkiye, and the United Arab Emirates – now present a real and present danger to international security.

Aside from the illicit gold trade funding Russia’s assault on the Ukraine, the trade also fuels civil wars, while funding terrorist groups and organised crime.

The extortion from ASGM communities has been an integral part of the expansion strategy of affiliates of the Islamic State and Al-Qaeda operating in the Sahel. Meanwhile, in Colombia, the Clan del Golfo and former paramilitary groups, the National Liberation Army (ELN) and dissident Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC), finance their activities from illegal mining.

The plunder of ASGM communities also robs the countries affected of a significant amount of income and revenue. In one year, this cost Sudan almost $2-billion.

The report states that there is no panacea to remove these threats. Rather, governments, international organisations and the gold sector must coordinate sustained action to prosecute the criminal perpetrators, prevent illicit profiteering, integrate responsible ASGM into legal and viable supply chains, cut off the profits of criminal actors, and nurture the livelihoods of responsible ASGM communities.

The report outlines several strategic objectives with 24 practical actions for governments, international organisations, non-governmental organisations, mining companies and economic development organisations to combat the illicit gold trade.

The report calls for the International Criminal Court to consider, as part of its investigation in Ukraine, the potential criminal responsibility of those who facilitate illegal refining, laundering and transfer of the profits of the Wagner Group back into the Russian war machine.

Further, the report suggests that governments should implement all of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime’s recommendations to make greater use of UN Conventions to promote better judicial cooperation and more prosecutions.

Donor countries should also provide greater support for regional judicial cooperation with international destinations for gold from ASGM communities under UN Conventions to prosecute illegal gold traffickers on a greater scale.

The report further calls for Interpol to be mandated to deliver a step-change in the use of its data, border controls and operational support to national authorities, including the Red Notice system, to prevent those engaged in the illicit gold trade from slipping through borders.

Another step towards tackling the illicit gold trade would be for members of the World Customs Organisation to expand the international anti-money laundering and terrorist financing initiative Project Tentacle with a properly funded five-year mandate to seize assets from the illicit trade in gold.

The report also calls for governments to enact sanctions under the Magnitsky Law model of visa bans and asset freezes against government leaders and officials who partner or collude with the Wagner Group or any equivalent organisation.

Governments should implement sanctions against high-level individuals and companies involved in the smuggling and laundering of gold.

The report further suggests that governments should review implementation of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD’s) ‘Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains’ in the gold sector, with a renewed focus on refineries and trading hubs.

The Financial Action Task Force should be mandated to renew its 2015 thematic report into the gold sector, make further recommendations and develop a specific framework with key performance indicators that need to be satisfied for any international hub in the gold trade to avoid the ‘black list’ and ‘grey list’.

The report also suggests that governments should require international hubs and major refineries to collate country-level data to build up a clearer picture of ASGM imports and exports, and its corresponding financial flows.

Meanwhile, donor countries should focus aid and development policy to prevent governments from contracting private military groups to maintain security in return for access to natural resources.

With the support of donor countries, the report states that governments of ASGM communities should adopt national legal frameworks that ASGM communities can realistically engage with, and uphold the rule of law applicable to them proportionately.

With the support of donor countries, governments where ASGM exists could provide wider support for the integration of ASGM communities, including with respect to land rights, licensing fees, taxation and geological exploration.

Donor countries’ support for regional cooperation, through organisations such as the Economic Community of West African States, should focus on prevention, including developing an early warning system for vulnerable ASGM communities, to safely alert authorities to early security threats.

Further, the report says Group of Seven (G7) and Group of 20 (G20) governments, alongside the World Bank, should support the expansion of central bank gold-buying schemes to integrate ASGM communities into national legal frameworks, and sign up to the WGC’s London Principles.

Large-scale gold mining companies should adopt and publish a policy for implementing and supporting sustainable supply chains with responsible ASGM communities, in accordance with the WGC’s Responsible Mining Principles.

Further, the report suggests that, where the legal framework and local conditions allow, large-scale gold mining companies should seek to support local ASGM integration. Options might include identifying land for ASGM activities; exploring the potential for tributer, subcontractor and buyback arrangements; and technical support.

Also, governments with significant gold refining and smelting sectors should encourage sourcing from such ASGM communities and incentivise them with targeted tax breaks.

The report says that, where the legal framework and local conditions allow, refiner and smelter businesses should seek to proactively source gold from responsible ASGM communities, and large-scale mining companies should prioritise refiners and smelters which do.

Raab suggests that the London Bullion Market Association implement an ASGM Good Delivery List within two years and publish a plan with milestones and key performance indicators.

This plan should focus on intermediate refiners and aggregators who work with responsible ASGM actors, central banks, large-scale miners who support local ASGM due diligence efforts and mercury-free processing plants that adhere to international standards.

Meanwhile, governments in the major gold-consuming countries should promote awareness among consumers about the source of gold bought in their shops.

Further, G7 and G20 governments should formally recognise that the illicit financial flows from illegal gold mining represent a “systemic threat” to international security.

The G7 and G20 governments should keep the exploitation of ASGM and the related security threats as a standing item on their yearly agenda to focus on the implementation gap.

Raab also suggests that the members of the OECD should expand the organisation’s mandate to make it the central forum on ASGM, with a standalone yearly meeting to coordinate efforts to bridge the implementation gap.

Finally, the WGC should continue to act as a champion and industry leader for innovative collaborations, and a critical adviser to help drive change and expand good practice.

“Without viable economic alternatives, the poorest and most marginalised of our world’s citizens are forced into artisanal gold mining, taking place within hazardous conditions and of little economic gain for their families.

“Our partnership with . . . Raab is a call to action to both redirect illicit gold away from the world’s bad actors and improve the lives of those working in the sector, offering actionable ways that governments and international agencies can contribute to positive change, both environmental and economic for the millions impacted globally,” WGC CEO David Tait says.

Edited by Chanel de Bruyn

ECOCIDE

Chile’s rare salt flat fish face threat from lithium mining project

Reuters | November 20, 2024 | 

Salt flat of Maricunga at sunrise. (Stock image)

At more than 3,700 meters (12,000 feet) above sea level, the “karachi” swims happily in dense salt flat waters, but locals worry a future lithium project will endanger this extreme-environment fish.


The Orestias ascotanensis is a small ray-finned fish that grows to just 7.5 centimeters (3 inches), but has adapted to the Ascotan salt flat’s high concentrations of heavy metals and variable salinity.

The salt flat also sees high solar radiation and temperature variations that reach 26 Celsius (79 Fahrenheit) during the day and below freezing at night, according to Marco Mendez, a professor at the University of Chile who studies evolutionary biology.

Scientists at the Millennium Institute’s genome center have been studying the fish and found genes that allow it to resist each element of its hostile environment, from solar radiation to heavy metals to low oxygen levels.

The fish has also evolved to do it quickly.

“We’ve seen how they’ve done this in a short evolutionary time because there are other variants of this fish in less hostile environments,” said Miguel Allende, director of the institute.

“They’ve taken these genes and exacerbated them.”

While the fish can survive extreme environments, it still needs an environment to live in and residents say copper mining has reduced the fish population due to water extraction.

“That’s what’s hurting them, when they take the water, the fish die,” said Mauricio Anza, a local resident, who said people in the area are working to preserve the areas flora and fauna.

But Ascotan is also one of the salt flats where the government plans to launch a private lithium mining project, something locals and experts say must come with guarantees to safeguard the ecosystem.

“Mining activity, while important from an economic point of view, must be carried out with the aim of ensuring that this very particular environment is not lost forever,” Allende said.

(By Rodrigo Gutierrez and Fabian Cambero; Editing by Alexander Villegas and Sandra Maler)

Congo’s Gecamines offers $1 million to block Chinese deal with Chemaf

Reuters | November 22, 2024 | 

(Image courtesy of Chemaf)

The Democratic Republic of Congo’s state miner Gecamines is offering $1 million to buy cobalt and copper assets of indebted mining firm Chemaf to prevent China from increasing its control of critical metals in the country, two sources familiar with the details told Reuters.


Chemaf, a partner of commodities trader Trafigura, agreed to sell its copper and cobalt assets to Chinese defence and industrial giant, China North Industries Corp, or Norinco, in June.

Gecamines, which owns the lease to Chemaf’s mines, whose copper and cobalt are used in electric vehicles and clean energy infrastructure, was asked by Chemaf to approve the sale, but declined.

Gecamines later submitted an unsolicited bid for the Chemaf assets, deepening a standoff that has been complicated by US officials lobbying against China’s grip on the mineral-rich central African Copperbelt.

Chinese companies are major investors in Congo’s mining sector. CMOC Group is now the world’s biggest cobalt miner as it boosts output at Tenke Fungurume mine it bought from US-based Freeport-McMoRan just four years ago.


Gecamines offered to pay just under $1 million for the mines and processing plant, and wants to conduct an audit of Chemaf’s debts before structuring a payment plan to settle the borrowing, said the sources, who cannot be named because of the sensitivity of the matter.

Chemaf, whose debts have ballooned to $900 million to $1 billion, needs an additional $300 million to expand output and operate profitably, the sources said.

Norinco has offered between $900 million and $1 billion, including settling Chemaf’s debts and outstanding taxes, one of the sources said.

The Chinese miner also pledged to advance Chemaf’s plans to raise copper and cobalt output to about 75,000 metric tons and 25,000 tons, respectively, the source added.

Chemaf, which has been operating for the past 20 years, said on its website it has invested more than $610 million developing the second phase of Etoile and Mutoshi mines.

“I can confirm we made a better offer than Norinco did, subject to us conducting due diligence of the debt,” Gecamines chairman Robert Lukama told Reuters.

“And more importantly the government declined, and already informed Chemaf by letter that they will not accept the Norinco transaction and we also confirm that we will not give another chance to anyone else other than ourselves,” Lukama added.

Norinco’s move has drawn scrutiny by the US, with State Department officials lobbying Congo to block the deal, three sources told Reuters. The US wants Congo to find an alternative to Norinco, one of the three sources said.
Cash crunch deepens

The stalled deal has worsened Chemaf’s finances and if it fails completely, the Congolese miner’s key backers, including Trafigura, may either lend more or risk a prolonged period of uncertainty recovering their investments, the sources said.

“The lenders and creditors of Chemaf have faced significant financial hardship for more than 12 months as a result of money owing to them not being paid in accordance with the terms of loans, credit provided and invoices submitted for payment,” one of the sources said.

Chemaf is only processing stockpiles from its Etoile mine as expansion work at Mutoshi mine was halted when financing dried up, the sources said. The company is struggling to pay the salaries of its 3,500 workers, its power bills and security guards manning the sites, the sources said.

Chemaf declined to comment.

Chemaf entered into a 24-month creditors’ protection agreement in August 2023 that lapses next year. While the miner could also seek interim financing, its lenders want to see the Norinco deal concluded as soon as possible, one of the sources added.

Trafigura, one of the main creditors, declined to comment.

US officials are also rallying Western companies to consider buying the Chemaf assets, the sources said.

Norinco, which was sanctioned by the US since 2021, did not immediately respond to emailed queries. In Congo, it owns the Comika and Lamikal copper and cobalt mines in partnership with Gecamines.

(By Felix Njini, Pratima Desai, Julian Luk and Ernest Scheyder; Editing by Veronica Brown and Louise Heavens)

US bars more food, metal imports over China’s alleged forced labor

Reuters | November 22, 2024 | 

Uyghur people travel along birch tree lined roads to the weekly market at Yopurga near Kashgar in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. (Stock Image)

Washington – The United States banned food, metals and other imports from about 30 more Chinese companies over alleged forced labor involving the Uyghurs, according to a government notice posted online on Friday.


The new restrictions, covering a range of products from tomato paste and walnuts to gold and iron ore, are part of the federal government’s effort to prevent goods made with forced labor from entering the United States, the Federal Register posting said.

The companies were added to the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act Entity List, which restricts the import of goods tied to what the US describes as China’s human rights abuses and ongoing genocide in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

US authorities say Chinese authorities have established internment camps for Uyghurs and other religious and ethnic minority groups in China’s western Xinjiang region. Beijing has denied any abuses.

The latest additions bring the total number of companies on the list to more than 100 since the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act was signed into law in December 2021.

Twenty-three of the newly added companies are in the agricultural sector. Others mine, smelt and process metallic materials including copper, lithium, beryllium, nickel, manganese and gold.

“Today’s enforcement actions make it clear — the United States will not tolerate forced labor in the goods entering our markets,” Robert Silvers, U.S. Homeland Security under secretary for policy, said in a statement. “We urge companies to take responsibility, know their supply chains, and act ethically.”

(Reporting by Karen Freifeld; editing by Susan Heavey, Chizu Nomiyama and Jonathan Oatis)

South Africa police standoff with illegal gold miners escalates

Bloomberg News | November 18, 2024 | 

The police sealed off access to the Buffelsfontein gold mine in Stilfontein several weeks ago. Image: Video screenshot via KayaNews

The South African police intensified efforts to force hundreds of illegal gold miners holed up in underground shafts to the surface so they can be arrested.


The police sealed off access to the Buffelsfontein gold mine in Stilfontein, about 156 kilometers (97 miles) southwest of Johannesburg, several weeks ago to deny the miners access to food and other essentials. While more than 1,000 of the miners have surfaced and been detained, many more are still thought to be below ground and there are mounting fears their lives may be at risk.




South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that while sealing off supplies to the miners “has generated a great deal of public debate” and is “potentially volatile,” he mostly took a hard line against them because they were operating illegally and posed a risk to the economy, nearby communities and personal safety.

“The Stilfontein mine is a crime scene where the offense of illegal mining is being committed,” he said in a statement. “It is standard police practice everywhere to secure a crime scene and to block off escape routes that enable criminals to evade arrest.”

The problem of illegal mining isn’t unique to Stilfontein — there are about 6,000 abandoned mines strewn across the country and a number of them have been accessed by informal miners known locally as zama zamas. South Africa and its mining industry lose about 70 billion rand ($3.9 billion) a year to those who mine gold illegally, according to the government.

Minerals Council South Africa, which represents the nation’s biggest mining companies, declined to comment, deferring to the police and government. The lobby group has said that illegal mining is inter-related with organized crime and that operators have links to global criminal syndicates.

(By Paul Burkhardt)